using furthermore in an essay

Further Or Furthermore? Here’s The Correct Usage (With Examples)

Marcus Froland

March 28, 2024

Ever found yourself stuck in the middle of writing an email or essay, pondering over the right word to make your sentence shine ? You’re not alone. Many of us have paused, cursor blinking impatiently, as we debate between ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’. It might seem like a small hiccup, but choosing the wrong word can throw off the rhythm of your prose, leaving the reader puzzled.

It’s easy to think these words are interchangeable, but there’s a subtle difference that can make or break the clarity of your message. The trick lies in understanding their unique roles in the tapestry of English language. So, how do you decide which one to use? And more importantly, how can you use them to enhance your writing instead of muddling your message? The answer awaits, but remember, the choice you make might just change the way you write forever.

Many people get confused between further and furthermore . Despite seeming similar, they serve different purposes in English. Further is used to talk about physical distance or a metaphorical extension. For example, “I can’t walk any further” or “Let’s discuss this further.” On the other hand, furthermore is used to add more information to what has already been said. It’s like saying “in addition” or “moreover”. An example would be, “The plan is risky. Furthermore, we don’t have the budget for it.” Knowing when to use each word correctly helps make your writing clear and precise.

Understanding the Basics: When to Use Further vs. Furthermore

When enhancing your writing with additional points or arguments, the choice between “further” and “furthermore” can determine the clarity and flow of your composition. Grasping their basic applications is essential for conveying your message with precision.

Further is your go-to adverb when you’re deep into an argument and need to bolster a point previously introduced. It’s like pulling out more evidence from your sleeve to support your case. In contrast, furthermore steps in when you have a fresh idea to present—a novel point that not only adds to the conversation but takes it in a new direction.

Let’s break down the technicalities. The positioning of these words plays a critical role:

• If your sentence is a continuation of the last, further can smoothly transition between thoughts.
• Introducing a novel point requires a clean slate; that’s where furthermore shines, often at the beginning of your sentence to spotlight the new idea.

Here’s a snapshot to help you visualize the scenarios where each word fits perfectly:

Remember, the choice between these two words can significantly impact the reception of your argument. Using them interchangeably can muddy your points and confuse your readers. To maintain a formal tone that’s sharp and effective:

• Review your sentence: Is this a continuation or a fresh point?
• Determine the word’s purpose: Are you deepening the conversation or expanding it with a new idea?
• Place accordingly: Use “further” within or at the start of a linked sentence; use “furthermore” at the beginning of a sentence introducing a new concept.

Grasping the distinction between “further” and “furthermore” propels your writing to new levels of professionalism. Be mindful of their usage to reinforce your points clearly and effectively. As you practice and apply these tips, you’ll find your arguments gain coherence, style, and persuasive power.

The Role of Context in Determining Correct Usage

Attention to context is paramount when deciding whether to use ‘further’ or ‘furthermore’ in your writing. Let’s explore how each word functions within a sentence, helping you discern which to employ as you deftly extend a point or introduce new information.

Extending a Point with ‘Further’

Imagine you’re weaving a narrative or argument together, and you wish to reinforce a thread you’ve already introduced. Here, further is your ally, used in the middle of a sentence to weave in additional detail about a point you’ve previously made. It acts as a bridge, connecting the new information closely to what has already been established, without diverging onto a new topic. Consider how it’s used in the following example:

“After reviewing the quarterly reports, it became clear that digital marketing efforts were paying off. Further, engagement metrics had shown a steady increase over the past months.”

This example demonstrates the seamless continuation further allows from one point to the next, maintaining the flow within the same vein of discussion.

Introducing New Information with ‘Furthermore’

When your narrative or argument requires a departure into a new realm of ideas, furthermore stands ready at the threshold. Positioned at the forefront of your sentence, it heralds the arrival of a fresh concept or perspective that builds upon what’s been said yet stands independently. Look at how it changes the direction of dialogue:

“The company’s international expansion has been successful in terms of revenue. Furthermore, this expansion has widened our cultural understanding and allowed for greater diversity in our product designs.”

Here, while the new idea is related to the success of the expansion, it serves as an additional argument strengthening the main point in a different, valuable way.

To synthesize, you can refer to this table to guide your choice between ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ based on the role they play in context:

Consistent and thoughtful application of ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ based on the context will not only clarify your writing but also enhance its persuasive power. With practice, you can master the art of using these adverbs to their fullest potential, lending authority and finesse to your communication.

‘Further’ and ‘Furthermore’ in Academic and Professional Settings

In the realm of scholarly writing and corporate communication, the precision offered by proper word choice is not merely ornamental—it’s essential. The words “further” and “furthermore” hold particular significance in these environments, allowing you to construct your arguments and present your insights with the formality demanded by these spheres. Their misuse, however, can undermine the very authority you aim to project.

Understanding how and when to use these terms will serve you well in your academic writings and professional endeavors. To illustrate this, consider the difference between linking an ongoing series of points with “further” and embarking on a tangential but related argument with “furthermore.” It’s like the difference between following a well-trodden path or starting a new trail—both can lead to your destination, but the latter opens up a different vista to explore.

For example, in a research paper, you might state: “The data gathered from the surveys confirm the initial hypothesis. Further , the cross-analysis of variables suggests that our results are statistically significant.”

Notice how “further” naturally continues the line of argument? Alternatively, you might be setting out a new point related to, but distinct from, what has gone before:

“The data gathered from the surveys confirm the initial hypothesis. Furthermore , this research opens up new avenues for investigation into behavioral patterns.”

Here, “furthermore” signals that a fresh idea is being introduced, one that expects the reader to mentally recalibrate for a new perspective that still aligns with the overarching narrative.

Let’s take a closer look at the formal usage of these adverbs in academic and professional settings with a table that highlights their respective functions:

As you hone your academic writing or mold your business rhetoric, consider how these words can act as key pivot points in your discourse. Do you seek continuity or contrast? Conciseness or elaboration? Your choice between “further” and “furthermore” should be informed by the function each is to serve.

An effective strategy is to review your draft with these distinctions in mind. Does your argument require bolstering through alignment, or does it benefit from the introduction of a divergent but strengthening position? Bear in mind the importance of coherence and progression in your document’s structure, ensuring that each point flows into the next without jarring interruptions unless a deliberate new angle is warranted.

• Analyze each point in your argument for its link to the previous one.
• Determine if you are expanding upon what was said or introducing a new aspect.
• Choose “further” or “furthermore” as per the functional need of the transition within your written work.

Adherence to these nuanced aspects of “further” and “furthermore” ensures that your communication—whether it be a research paper, a legal document, a business proposal, or a press release—resonates with clarity and authority. Take the time to practice these distinctions, and watch as your command of the language strengthens your professional and academic standing.

Whether you are defending a thesis or crafting a compelling business plan, remember that your word choice is a direct reflection of your thought process and attention to detail. Use “further” and “furthermore” judiciously to convey your mastery over the topic at hand, ensuring that your audience follows your line of reasoning with the ease of well-guided travelers on a journey of understanding.

Common Misconceptions About ‘Further’ and ‘Furthermore’

When enhancing your eloquent expressions or pinpointing your persuasive points, understanding the distinction between ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ is crucial. Misuse of these words can lead to a communication faux pas, mistakenly leaving your audience befuddled. Let’s clarify these common misconceptions and walk through the subtleties that give ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ their rightful place in the English lexicon.

The Myth of Interchangeability

One prevalent myth is that ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ are universally interchangeable and that one can confidently swap one for the other without a second thought. However, this is not the case. Each word carries with it nuanced connotations that affect the tapestry of your text in different ways. ‘Further’ often implies a deepening of a current narrative, whereas ‘furthermore’ introduces a separate but supportive argument. Recognizing the niche these words fill allows you to apply them in a manner that enhances the coherence of your message.

Positioning in a Sentence Matters

Another common misconception is that the positioning of ‘further’ at the start of a sentence automatically transforms it into an equivalent of ‘furthermore’. Yet, the initial positioning does not define ‘further’ as a sentence adverb. Instead, it’s the function and the meaning it contributes to the narrative that are paramount. Mastering the accurate placement of these words can significantly boost the readability and conveyance of your intended message.

Consider the strategic use of ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ in a well-crafted table, offering a comparative look to deepen your understanding of their correct application:

Now that we’ve dispelled these myths, your writing will carry a new weight of clarity and influence. Command these nuances, and your arguments will be delivered with precision, reinforcing your position as a trustworthy and adept communicator.

Grammar Deep-Dive: Using ‘Further’ and ‘Furthermore’ Correctly

Embarking on an in-depth exploration of grammar rules can transform your writing, offering clarity and strength to your statements. A fundamental part of this is understanding when to use ‘further’ and ‘furthermore.’ These transition words, while seemingly small, can vastly influence the effectiveness of your communication if applied accurately.

Consider ‘further’ as a linguistic thread that connects closely related pieces of fabric. It doesn’t demand a pause; hence, a comma after ‘further’ isn’t necessary. This seamlessness aids in continuing a line of reasoning without interruption. ‘Furthermore,’ on the other hand, is like a punctuation in the rhythm of discourse, offering a break to introduce the grandeur of a new point. This calls for a comma to signal a brief mental shift for the reader before moving forward.

For instance, you might write, “The project was under budget, showing excellent resource management. Further savings can be expected in the upcoming quarter due to enhanced efficiencies.”

In this example, ‘further’ extends the existing train of thought regarding budgets and savings, building on the previous point without the need for a comma. Contrast this with an example using ‘furthermore’:

“The project was under budget, showing excellent resource management. Furthermore, the team’s innovative approach promises to revolutionize our entire production process.”

Here, ‘furthermore’ prompts the reader to consider a new, standalone statement, making the comma placement after it non-negotiable for correct grammar usage.

As you navigate the waters of higher-level writing, let these rules be your compass. Watch your prose grow in authority and poise as you apply ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ in their proper contexts:

• Read your sentence and assess whether you’re adding to a current topic or introducing a new one.
• Determine if the natural flow of your paragraph warrants a pause, guiding your choice between ‘further’ and ‘furthermore.’
• Precisely place ‘further’ or ‘furthermore’ to not only transition between ideas but to also dictate the pace of your reader’s contemplation.

Mastery of these subtle grammatical distinctions can have a profound impact on the clarity of your arguments. Whether writing a compelling essay, a crucial business email, or any academically inclined paper, ensure these words are used with intention. Through careful implementation, these small yet mighty modifiers ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ will elevate the precision and persuasiveness of your writing, guiding your readers through your thoughts with ease and sophistication.

Expanding Your Vocabulary: Synonyms for ‘Further’ and ‘Furthermore’

Enriching your language repertoire is pivotal when conveying complex ideas, particularly in formal discourse. Having a trove of synonyms can help avoid redundancy and keep your audience engaged. This is especially true for adverbs like ‘further’ and ‘furthermore,’ which may become repetitive if overused in writing and presentations.

Let’s consider some effective alternatives. Where you might use ‘further,’ consider using additionally or to a greater extent to convey a sense of continuation without repetition. On the other hand, when you need a substitute for ‘furthermore,’ phrases like moreover and by the same token can introduce new information while maintaining the formal tone of your writing.

Explore the table below to understand how and when to use these synonyms effectively:

Using these synonyms thoughtfully can liven up your expression and help maintain the reader’s or listener’s interest. It’s akin to adding different spices to a dish; each contributes to the overall flavor profile, making the meal (or in this case, your message) more palatable and memorable.

Remember, in your pursuit of variety, never lose sight of each word’s specific purpose and function. An adept communicator meticulously selects words that not only replace but also bolster the original message.

A polished speaker or writer always strives to achieve balance. Your aim is to inform and persuade, but also to please the ear or eye. Here’s where you can practice what you’ve learned:

• Review your text for occurrences of ‘further’ and ‘furthermore.’
• Identify opportunities where synonyms can replace these words without altering the intended meaning.
• Read your revised sentences out loud to ensure they retain their fluidity and impact.

By expanding your vocabulary and using synonyms effectively, you embolden your writing and speeches, fostering a refined and appealing style of communication that resonates with your audience.

Practical Examples: ‘Further’ and ‘Furthermore’ in Action

As you navigate the nuances of the English language in your formal and academic writing endeavors, it’s invaluable to see ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ in their native habitats—actual sentences. These practical examples are illustrative beacons, shedding light on the proper employment of each word. Think of ‘further’ as a connecting cable that extends from one point to the next within an ongoing dialogue. On the other hand, ‘furthermore’ acts as a signpost, heralding the start of an entirely new line of reasoning. Their selective application enriches your writing and ensures that your audience remains locked on the path of your unfolding narrative.

When you’re trying to convey continuation within a discussion, ‘further’ weaves additional threads into the tapestry of your argument without veering off course. For example, “The seminar highlighted the effectiveness of interactive learning. Further, it sparked discussions on educational methods that may very well shape future curricula.” Here lies the seamless integration of a secondary point that heightens the primary one, all within the same thread of discussion.

In contrast, introducing a fresh concept with ‘furthermore’ increases the dimensions of the argument, adding weight and volume. Consider this sentence: “The data underscores the importance of early literacy programs. Furthermore, it begs for a reevaluation of funding across educational stages to address disparities.” ‘Furthermore’ is that moment of pause before the curtain rises to reveal an adjacent scene, related yet distinct, broadening the scope of your discourse. Observing ‘further’ and ‘furthermore’ in action is like watching a maestro at work—each word deftly employed to orchestrate your ideas into a symphony of clarity and resonance.

Share this:

You May Also Like:

What Is the Subjunctive Mood? (with Examples)

Is it correct to say “repeat after me”, capitalization rules: mastering the art of correctly capitalizing words, is it correct to say “comprised of” exploring the usage in english, demonstrative pronouns: definition and examples, understanding present participles in english grammar, two minute english.

English Made Simple: Two-Minute Lessons for Busy Learners

Copyright © 2024 • TwoMinEnglish.com

Transitional Words and Phrases

One of your primary goals as a writer is to present ideas in a clear and understandable way. To help readers move through your complex ideas, you want to be intentional about how you structure your paper as a whole as well as how you form the individual paragraphs that comprise it. In order to think through the challenges of presenting your ideas articulately, logically, and in ways that seem natural to your readers, check out some of these resources: Developing a Thesis Statement , Paragraphing , and Developing Strategic Transitions: Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections Between Ideas.

While clear writing is mostly achieved through the deliberate sequencing of your ideas across your entire paper, you can guide readers through the connections you’re making by using transitional words in individual sentences. Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between your ideas and can help your reader understand your paper’s logic.

In what follows, we’ve included a list of frequently used transitional words and phrases that can help you establish how your various ideas relate to each other. We’ve divided these words and phrases into categories based on the common kinds of relationships writers establish between ideas.

Two recommendations: Use these transitions strategically by making sure that the word or phrase you’re choosing matches the logic of the relationship you’re emphasizing or the connection you’re making. All of these words and phrases have different meanings, nuances, and connotations, so before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely, and be sure that it’s the right match for your paper’s logic. Use these transitional words and phrases sparingly because if you use too many of them, your readers might feel like you are overexplaining connections that are already clear.

Categories of Transition Words and Phrases

Causation Chronology Combinations Contrast Example

Importance Location Similarity Clarification Concession

Conclusion Intensification Purpose Summary

Transitions to help establish some of the most common kinds of relationships

Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).

accordingly as a result and so because

consequently for that reason hence on account of

since therefore thus

Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.

after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime

later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes

soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while

Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.

additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more

finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place

last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too

Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.

after all although and yet at the same time but

despite however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding

on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet

Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.

as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)

for example for instance specifically that is

to demonstrate to illustrate

Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.

chiefly critically

foundationally most importantly

of less importance primarily

Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.

above adjacent to below beyond

centrally here nearby neighboring on

opposite to peripherally there wherever

Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.

by the same token in like manner

in similar fashion here in the same way

likewise wherever

Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification

i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words

that is that is to say to clarify to explain

to put it another way to rephrase it

granted it is true

naturally of course

finally lastly

in conclusion in the end

to conclude

Intensification

in fact indeed no

of course surely to repeat

undoubtedly without doubt yes

for this purpose in order that

so that to that end

to this end

in brief in sum

in summary in short

to sum up to summarize

Improving Your Writing Style

This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.

Clear, Concise Sentences

Use the active voice

Put the action in the verb

Tidy up wordy phrases

Reduce wordy verbs

Reduce prepositional phrases

Reduce expletive constructions

Avoid using vague nouns

Avoid unneccessarily inflated words

Avoid noun strings

Connecting Ideas Through Transitions

Using Transitional Words and Phrases

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Transition sentences | Tips & examples for clear writing

Transition Sentences | Tips & Examples for Clear Writing

Published on June 9, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

Clear transitions are crucial to clear writing: They show the reader how different parts of your essay, paper, or thesis are connected. Transition sentences can be used to structure your text and link together paragraphs or sections.

… In this case, the researchers concluded that the method was unreliable.

However , evidence from a more recent study points to a different conclusion . …

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

Transitioning between paragraphs, transitioning to a new section, transitions within a paragraph, other interesting articles.

When you start a new paragraph , the first sentence should clearly express:

• What this paragraph will discuss
• How it relates to the previous paragraph

The examples below show some examples of transition sentences between paragraphs and what they express.

Placement of transition sentences

The beginning of a new paragraph is generally the right place for a transition sentence. Each paragraph should focus on one topic, so avoid spending time at the end of a paragraph explaining the theme of the next one.

The first dissenter to consider is …

However, several scholars dissent from this consensus. The first one to consider is …

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

While transitions between paragraphs are generally a single sentence, when you start a new section in a longer text, you may need an entire transition paragraph. Transitioning to a new section involves summarizing the content of the previous section and expressing how the new one will build upon or depart from it.

For example, the following sentences might be an effective transition for a new section in a literary analysis essay.

Having established that the subjective experience of time is one of Mann’s key concerns in The Magic Mountain , it is now possible to explore how this theme facilitates the novel’s connection with World War I. The war itself is not narrated in the book, but rather hinted at as something awaiting Castorp beyond the final pages. In this way, Mann links his protagonist’s subjective experience of time to more than just his illness; it is also used to explore the period leading up to the outbreak of war.

As in academic writing generally, aim to be as concise as you can while maintaining clarity: If you can transition to a new section clearly with a single sentence, do so, but use more when necessary.

It’s also important to use effective transitions within each paragraph you write, leading the reader through your arguments efficiently and avoiding ambiguity.

The known-new contract

The order of information within each of your sentences is important to the cohesion of your text. The known-new contract , a useful writing concept, states that a new sentence should generally begin with some reference to information from the previous sentence, and then go on to connect it to new information.

In the following example, the second sentence doesn’t follow very clearly from the first. The connection only becomes clear when we reach the end.

By reordering the information in the second sentence so that it begins with a reference to the first, we can help the reader follow our argument more smoothly.

Note that the known-new contract is just a general guideline. Not every sentence needs to be structured this way, but it’s a useful technique if you’re struggling to make your sentences cohere.

Transition words and phrases

Using appropriate transition words helps show your reader connections within and between sentences. Transition words and phrases come in four main types:

• Additive transitions, which introduce new information or examples
• Adversative transitions, which signal a contrast or departure from the previous text
• Causal transitions, which are used to describe cause and effect
• Sequential transitions, which indicate a sequence

The table below gives a few examples for each type:

Grouping similar information

While transition words and phrases are essential, and every essay will contain at least some of them, it’s also important to avoid overusing them. One way to do this is by grouping similar information together so that fewer transitions are needed.

For example, the following text uses three transition words and jumps back and forth between ideas. This makes it repetitive and difficult to follow.

Rewriting it to group similar information allows us to use just one transition, making the text more concise and readable.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). Transition Sentences | Tips & Examples for Clear Writing. Scribbr. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/transition-sentences/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, transition words & phrases | list & examples, how to write topic sentences | 4 steps, examples & purpose, academic paragraph structure | step-by-step guide & examples, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".

I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”

Transitions

What this handout is about.

In this crazy, mixed-up world of ours, transitions glue our ideas and our essays together. This handout will introduce you to some useful transitional expressions and help you employ them effectively.

The function and importance of transitions

In both academic writing and professional writing, your goal is to convey information clearly and concisely, if not to convert the reader to your way of thinking. Transitions help you to achieve these goals by establishing logical connections between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of your papers. In other words, transitions tell readers what to do with the information you present to them. Whether single words, quick phrases, or full sentences, they function as signs that tell readers how to think about, organize, and react to old and new ideas as they read through what you have written.

Transitions signal relationships between ideas—relationships such as: “Another example coming up—stay alert!” or “Here’s an exception to my previous statement” or “Although this idea appears to be true, here’s the real story.” Basically, transitions provide the reader with directions for how to piece together your ideas into a logically coherent argument. Transitions are not just verbal decorations that embellish your paper by making it sound or read better. They are words with particular meanings that tell the reader to think and react in a particular way to your ideas. In providing the reader with these important cues, transitions help readers understand the logic of how your ideas fit together.

Signs that you might need to work on your transitions

How can you tell whether you need to work on your transitions? Here are some possible clues:

• Your instructor has written comments like “choppy,” “jumpy,” “abrupt,” “flow,” “need signposts,” or “how is this related?” on your papers.
• Your readers (instructors, friends, or classmates) tell you that they had trouble following your organization or train of thought.
• You tend to write the way you think—and your brain often jumps from one idea to another pretty quickly.
• You wrote your paper in several discrete “chunks” and then pasted them together.
• You are working on a group paper; the draft you are working on was created by pasting pieces of several people’s writing together.

Organization

Since the clarity and effectiveness of your transitions will depend greatly on how well you have organized your paper, you may want to evaluate your paper’s organization before you work on transitions. In the margins of your draft, summarize in a word or short phrase what each paragraph is about or how it fits into your analysis as a whole. This exercise should help you to see the order of and connection between your ideas more clearly.

If after doing this exercise you find that you still have difficulty linking your ideas together in a coherent fashion, your problem may not be with transitions but with organization. For help in this area (and a more thorough explanation of the “reverse outlining” technique described in the previous paragraph), please see the Writing Center’s handout on organization .

How transitions work

The organization of your written work includes two elements: (1) the order in which you have chosen to present the different parts of your discussion or argument, and (2) the relationships you construct between these parts. Transitions cannot substitute for good organization, but they can make your organization clearer and easier to follow. Take a look at the following example:

El Pais , a Latin American country, has a new democratic government after having been a dictatorship for many years. Assume that you want to argue that El Pais is not as democratic as the conventional view would have us believe.

One way to effectively organize your argument would be to present the conventional view and then to provide the reader with your critical response to this view. So, in Paragraph A you would enumerate all the reasons that someone might consider El Pais highly democratic, while in Paragraph B you would refute these points. The transition that would establish the logical connection between these two key elements of your argument would indicate to the reader that the information in paragraph B contradicts the information in paragraph A. As a result, you might organize your argument, including the transition that links paragraph A with paragraph B, in the following manner:

Paragraph A: points that support the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.

Transition: Despite the previous arguments, there are many reasons to think that El Pais’s new government is not as democratic as typically believed.

Paragraph B: points that contradict the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.

In this case, the transition words “Despite the previous arguments,” suggest that the reader should not believe paragraph A and instead should consider the writer’s reasons for viewing El Pais’s democracy as suspect.

As the example suggests, transitions can help reinforce the underlying logic of your paper’s organization by providing the reader with essential information regarding the relationship between your ideas. In this way, transitions act as the glue that binds the components of your argument or discussion into a unified, coherent, and persuasive whole.

Types of transitions

Now that you have a general idea of how to go about developing effective transitions in your writing, let us briefly discuss the types of transitions your writing will use.

The types of transitions available to you are as diverse as the circumstances in which you need to use them. A transition can be a single word, a phrase, a sentence, or an entire paragraph. In each case, it functions the same way: First, the transition either directly summarizes the content of a preceding sentence, paragraph, or section or implies such a summary (by reminding the reader of what has come before). Then, it helps the reader anticipate or comprehend the new information that you wish to present.

• Transitions between sections: Particularly in longer works, it may be necessary to include transitional paragraphs that summarize for the reader the information just covered and specify the relevance of this information to the discussion in the following section.
• Transitions between paragraphs: If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places.
• Transitions within paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.

Transitional expressions

Effectively constructing each transition often depends upon your ability to identify words or phrases that will indicate for the reader the kind of logical relationships you want to convey. The table below should make it easier for you to find these words or phrases. Whenever you have trouble finding a word, phrase, or sentence to serve as an effective transition, refer to the information in the table for assistance. Look in the left column of the table for the kind of logical relationship you are trying to express. Then look in the right column of the table for examples of words or phrases that express this logical relationship.

Keep in mind that each of these words or phrases may have a slightly different meaning. Consult a dictionary or writer’s handbook if you are unsure of the exact meaning of a word or phrase.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

54 Best Transition Words for Paragraphs

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

Learn about our Editorial Process

Good transition words for starting a paragraph include addition phrases like ‘furthermore’, cause and effect words like ‘consequently’, and contradiction words like ‘however’. Scroll down for a full table of transition words.

Using transition words in your writing can help you improve the readability and flow of your paragraph to the next.

These words help your text flow seamlessly into the next idea, which shows your readers the relationship between paragraphs and phrases.

List of Transition Words for Starting a Paragraph

Transition words can fall into more than one category based on what type of transition in your paragraph you’re planning to make.

For example, you’d want a different transition word if your second paragraph contradicts your first than if it supports it. Take the following examples:

Here is a list of transition words and what category they fall under.

• Addition – A transition that combines two or more ideas and shows their relationship. Examples include, what’s more, equally important, again, also, and, furthermore, moreover, besides .
• Cause and Effect – When one idea triggers another. This lets the reader know that they are directly connected. Examples include, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, next, as a result .
• Clarification – This is to rephrase what was said to clarify a statement and provide emphasis. Examples include, in other words, that is to say, to clarify.
• Compare and Contrast – This shows a relationship between two ideas that are compared based on differences or similarities. Examples are, after all, although this may be true, in contrast, likewise, on the contrary, similarly, whereas, yet.
• Emphasis (Boosting) – This shows certainty. Examples include, emphatically, in fact, surprisingly, undeniably, in any case, indeed, never, without a doubt.
• Providing examples : For example, for instance, as illustrated by, take the following case in point.
• Exception or Contradiction – This happens when an action with a pre-conceived notion ends with a different action. Examples are, however, nevertheless, in spite of, of course, once in a while, despite.
• Summarize or conclude – This signals the reader that they are at the end of the paragraph. Examples are, as this essay has shown, as a result, In conclusion, therefore, thus, hence, in short, in brief.
• Sequential – This expresses a numerical sequence, conclusion, continuation, resumption, or summation. Examples are to change the topic, to conclude with, afterward, incidentally, by the way, initially.

List of Transition Words for New Paragraphs

Transition Words to Avoid

I recommend avoiding the following transition words:

Examples in Sentences

The best way to understand transition words is to provide examples. Let’s look at this sentence:

“Amy did not study for her test. Therefore, she did not get a good result.”

When you see the word ‘therefore,’ the reader knows that this is a cause and effect. What happened in the first sentence caused a resulting action.

The transition word provided a seamless flow into the next sentence that describes this effect.

Using the transitional word, ‘therefore,’ shows that the two sentences are part of one idea/process. Even with skimming, the reader can guess what’s the resulting action. This is how transition words hold your ideas together. Without them, it’s like your piece is just a jumble of coherent words.

Transition words don’t have to be placed at the start of a sentence. Let’s look at this sentence:

“Many people came to the event. Cristine, Emily, and David, for instance.”

In this sentence, ‘for instance’ is at the end of the sentence. However, it still gives the reader the necessary information to see how the two sentences are linked.

What are Transition Words?

Transition words for beginning paragraphs help writers to introduce a shift, opposition, contrast, agreement, emphasis, purpose, result, or conclusion from what was previously written. They are essential in argumentative essays.

Transition words are like bridges between the different paragraphs in your pieces. They serve as the cues that help your reader understand your ideas. They carry your ideas from one sentence to the next and one paragraph to the next.

Transitional words and phrases link an idea from a sentence to the following paragraph, so your work is read smoothly without abrupt jumps or sudden breaks between concepts.

Why use Transition Words

Proper communication of your ideas through paragraphs is important in writing. In order for your reader to read your piece with a thorough understanding of each idea and point conveyed in the piece, you have to use transition words and phrases.

With the examples provided, you would see that transitions string together your ideas by establishing a clear connection between the sentences and paragraphs.

Without transition words, your work may seem daunting and stressful to read, and the reader will not understand the idea you’re trying to convey.

Transitional phrases are especially important when writing an essay or thesis statement , as each paragraph has to connect ideas effortlessly.

Therefore, when a paragraph ends, the next idea must have some link to the previous one, which is why transition words play an important role.

Where Else to use Transition Words in an Essay

Transition words are important English devices for essays and papers. They enhance the transitions and connections between the sentences and paragraphs, giving your essay a flowing structure and logical thought.

Transition terms may seem easy to remember; however, placing them in the incorrect manner can cause your essay to fall flat.

Here are some places where essays transition words may fit:

• To show a connection between evidence and the ending
• To flow into the next paragraph, use your closing statement at the conclusion of each one
• At the start of the first body paragraph
• At the start of the second body paragraph
• In some of the starting sections of your summary or introductory paragraphs
• In an overview of your opinions/solutions in the conclusion

When adding your transition words and phrases in your essay, make sure not to accidentally form an incomplete or fragmented sentence. This is common with transitions, such as, if, although, and since .

While transition words are important in any writing piece, you have to make sure that the word or phrase you choose matches the logic of the paragraph or point you’re making. Use these words and phrases in moderation, as too much of them can also heavily bring the quality of your work down.

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 25 Number Games for Kids (Free and Easy)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 25 Word Games for Kids (Free and Easy)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 25 Outdoor Games for Kids
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 50 Incentives to Give to Students

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

In addition…. Moreover…, and furthermore…!

All three of these conjunctive adverbs are used to indicate that you have something more to say than what you’ve just said.  They are a little like conversational traffic signs that say “Wait!  I’m not done yet!  I’ve got something more to say on this subject.”  Often, the three expressions are interchangeable.

JUST ADDING INFORMATION

 “In addition” might be said to be the most neutral and least assertive of the three expressions.  It’s used mainly just to add one piece of information on a subject to another piece of information on the same subject.  “Furthermore” does the same thing, but it is more emphatic in tone.  It sends out a little bit stronger signal to the listener or reader that says:  “Stay with me!  There is more that you need to know!”    

• The new state park will open next June with numerous hiking trails to explore.  In addition , a boat marina is being constructed at the north end of the lake.
• All residents are advised to evacuate the building.  Furthermore , they are advised not to return to their homes until city officials say it is safe to do so.
• India is one of the most populous countries of the world with three official languages and numerous others spoken.  Most of the population are adherents of Hinduism, though there is a large Muslim minority.  Furthermore , a small but significant percentage of Indians are Christians and Sikhs.

BEING PERSUASIVE

All three adverbs can be used when trying to persuade the reader or listener of something, to make one’s current argument stronger by adding additional supports.  However, “ furthermore ” and  “ moreover ” have a more forceful or authoritative tone than “ in addition ” and may therefore be preferred for bolstering one’s argument.  In the example below, the argument concerns the need to exercise more.  The second sentence gives two supporting statements for this argument, and the sentence beginning with “furthermore” gives yet another one.

• It’s clear that we all need to exercise more:  Exercise improves one’s strength and can reduce one’s risk of chronic disease.  Furthermore , new evidence is suggesting that it is important for one’s mental fitness as well.

The word “moreover” is the most assertive in tone of the three adverbs and may suggest that what follows carries more weight than what the speaker has just said before.  The information in the statement may be something that the speaker feels strongly about or is something that will likely surprise the listener or make a strong impact.  Additionally, the statement introduced by “moreover” tends to contain a different kind of information from what has come before.  “Furthermore,” on the other hand, simply signals that one is about to say something that will give additional support for one’s argument.  It may be information along the same lines or it may be information of a different type.

• I don’t agree that she’s overrated as a singer.  Moreover , I think you’re just jealous of her talent!
• I’m not surprised they’re firing him.  His work is substandard, and his attitude is poor; moreover , he’s always late to meetings.
• There was no way they could have won the battle.  They were outnumbered by thousands of enemy troops.  They were exhausted and demoralized from earlier fighting.  Furthermore , they were insufficiently armed.

Because of their assertive or authoritative nature, the adverbs “moreover” and “furthermore” tend to be used more often in heated arguments, fiery speeches, and in scolding than the more neutral expression “in addition.”  One can easily imagine hearing “moreover” and “furthermore” during a hard-hitting debate or, say, when a school principal or instructor scolds a group of students for unacceptable behavior.

• Your deplorable behavior toward this boy will be punished, and, furthermore , you will have to have to apologize both to the boy and his parents.
• I will accept no more late papers in this class.   Moreover , students who are not in their seats when class begins will be marked absent.

In speaking, both “moreover” and “furthermore” tend to be pronounced with strong emphasis.  The words are pronounced slightly louder and with higher pitch (on their stressed syllable) than the words coming before or after them.  The expression “in addition” may or may not be pronounced with strong emphasis.

The three expressions being discussed here can all be used in an extension of the same discussion or argument.  It simply depends on how many additional pieces of information or supports one wants to provide in making one’s point or covering a small topic.  In general, however, whenever “furthermore” is used in conjunction with either or both of the others, it tends to introduce the final element.  In fact, “furthermore,” whenever it is used, tends to bring with it the final piece of information on a subject or final point of an argument.  One can image a lengthy argument that goes like this:

• Blah, blah, blah.  Blah, blah, blah….  Moreover , blah, blah, blah…  And, furthermore , blah, blah, blah.

Now that’s a compelling argument!

Finally, all three expressions share a certain formality of tone. “In addition” and “furthermore,” in particular, have a rather academic or official sound to them.  While all three certainly can be used in informal conversation, they are more often used in relatively formal writing and speaking.  In informal speaking, the expression “not only that, but…” serves the same function as “moreover,” and a strongly stressed “also” at the beginning of one’s sentence can serve the function of any of the three.  The expression “plus” is also gaining ground as an even more informal and emphatic alternative to “also.”

Just interested in words? Looking for clear dictionary definitions and examples? Join our users and subscribers at wordsmyth.net or kids.wordsmyth.net .

• All Lessons
• business english
• comprehension
• culture & tips
• expressions
• pronunciation

Writing – Transitions – in addition, moreover, furthermore, another

Test your understanding of this English lesson

Many students choose to study abroad because of the life-lessons that travel provides. This way they not only improve their academic skills, but their personal and cultural skills as well.

Furthermore,...

Climate change is a problem that affects all nations. We must all take responsibility and make adjustments to our lifestyles, such as driving smaller cars, wasting less food, and recycling everything we can. Furthermore, we must educate our children about the dangers of climate change so that they can help find solutions in the future.

415 COMMENTS

Tanks aloooooooooooooot

. I admire your work . Keep up the excellent work you guys are doing! Congrats

It’s the first time I leave a message and it is to Adam. The only way I could get into it was this way. I am teacher in Brazil and my students and I have been watching the engvid vídeos a lot. The ones I have already presented to them were Ronnie, Adam and also REbecca – we haven’t checked the other teacher yet, but there will be a time to do so. I really would like to have a bigger space to write or to change ideas, suggestions, etc. Is this the only way?

hi Adam, thanks a lot about this video. i am practicing for apply ielts exam..Can you give more lessons about IELTS. your voice and your skill teaching is so great!! they really help me

hello, this videos are very usefull, thanks for your support!

pleas,can you make videos about SAT (writing and Reading setion……..)

Thanks a lot!!!

Adam, I noticed that you used twice the form: not only… but also It is correct in the way you used it???

Hi Benzalez,

I’m pretty sure I did use the expression correctly. Not sure what you’re asking, to be honest. Can you make it more specific? Not only does subject(1) do A, but subject(1 or other) also does B.–Subject does two things, or two subjects do one thing. But different contexts will explain the use better.

Let me know if this helps?

Thank you kindly!

Hi there!!!!!11 Do you want to practice english??? I do!!!! Let’s practice on facebook or skype!!!

This is my first time too. I love to learn english here. Engvid, thank you very much for those rich lessons. All teachers here are splendid.

I’d like to practice with you but don’t know your skype. Mine is inga_kogan. Search me.

Could you practice with me? Luisfer900530 Skype

Useful lesson! Thsnks a lot!!!!!

Many thanks

Thanks a lot :-)

Thanks for your lesson.

Thanks I got 80 marks

Thanks, nice lesson!

In one of the questions I found the sentence “…and that they be similar in topic”. Which tense is this? Many thanks!!! Ermanno

Hi Egirardelli,

This is the subjunctive voice:

It is important (that) he arrive on time.

The doctor recommended (that) I be hospitalized.

It is a specific structure. Look for it in your grammar book. if you want to know more, you can also check out Alex’s lesson on this site.

It is important that he arrive on time or he arrives on time?. You are a great English teacher.

How about the first part of the sentence: “It is very important that there are two ideas linked by ‘in addition (to)’, ‘moreover’, and ‘furthermore’, and that they be similar in topic.” ? Why isn’t it in the subjunctive voice? Thank you!

Clear as a bell! Thank you!

100…….. Thanks a lot

very interesting and useful as well. thanks a lot, Adam! :)

:) So Helpful

Hi Hillary. This video helped me a lot too. I would love to pratice english with you by skipe. What do you think about it. Please let me know. [email protected]

Hey Friends, Do you wana practice online..We can do practice on Google hangouts..Please add me in your friend list as Manas Rathaur whoever is interested for group debate..

we can make online conversation club :)

hello there, i need a English speaker for practicing English please help me . my ielts exam is right in a corner ..please help me

It is a very effectual lesson, moreover provide us to understand a little more about transitions. Thanks a lot.

GREAT LESSON! THANKS A LOT SIR!

Question 9 – I thought that is no connection between the first and the second paragraph, because in the first paragraph the last two phrases are about what we must to do(take responsibility, educate our children). But probably the connection is with the first proposition – climate change affects all nations (The second paragraph – moreover affects individuals and businesses)

Hi Arinamg,

Excellent point you make here. And you are right; I would reintroduce the main topic to begin the second paragraph and add another perspective. This way I am still adding ideas, but reminding the reader of what this essay is about, climate change. If I wanted to add to things we should do, but focus on one idea, I would probably use ” a third action we can take,…” “another thing we can do is…”

Good stuff :)

I have enjoyed this lesson. Thanks Adam !

Excellent explained. I wish I had had such a teacher when I was young. Do you workout the quiz by yourself?

Hi Bajuware55,

Thank you, and yes, I do write the quizzes myself. that’s why I appreciate these commnents.

Thank you Adam.

It’s very helpful lesson. Thanks Adam so much!

Hello dear prof. Always everything’s okay with u. Tnx 4 being our teacher, 9 out of ten.

Additionally,U made the day wonderfully! Heartily, Wish u luck; ;) fatiima!

Excellent lesson, made with a very clear and understandable English.

Thanks a lot . I’ll be following you..

Thank you! It´s very instructive. Furthermore, I think I am improving my English by watching your videos.

Definitely, definitely a very useful lesson. Thank you!

Thanks a lot Mr Adam

May you please explain for me why you wrote ” to transition”on the board? I was excepting a verb after the preposition to , otherwise you put a noun. It sounds a bit weird for me. Thank you for you help.

You reminded me a question. I learned once (for two weeks) Spanish, but from English book, and there was written something about “what” and “why”. I don’t remember what that exactly was, but I try to give two examples:

“What is this used for?” vs “Why is this used for?”

Can we substitute “what” with “why” or vice versa? Maybe this example isn’t adequate, but I have that feeling there is something else I should know about this.

You can ask “what is this used for?” and “why is this used?” (no for in the second). These are actually two different questions. The first asks the purpose of something (i.e. to what end), and the second asks the reason for it. Two different this, but quite commonly used interchangeably.

There are many nouns in English that don’t have a verb form but can be used as a verb. I explained to transition means to bridge. Bridge is also a noun that can be used as a verb. What might seem weird to you is ‘-ion’ ending. That is a bit rare to see, but it happens. Here are a few words that are the same as verb and noun. Hope it helps.

audition, caption, condition, fashion, mention, etc.

I was expecting* your help*

thank you….

Thank you Adam , very useful lesson . I got 9 correct of 10 .

thank you to all engvid teacher’s who teach me freely from the distance,you enable me to save million’s rupiah.It would be really expensive for average guy like me if i go to the english course guided by native speaker,thank you….viva engvid……..

Thanks Adam! Very useful…

Thanks Adam

I thought I hadn’t understood the lesson well, but I got 10 corret on the quiz! Thanks Adam!

It is a helpful lesson. I do hope we can express ourselves in a better way. =) skype: renan.fernandes

Hi, please help me with pronunciation: “focus”.

FO sounds like toe, Joe, low, snow,…

the ‘u’ in CUS sounds like ‘i’ in fist, list. But it’s a pretty short sound so it sounds like ‘kiss’ but said quickly.

Hope that helps

Very interesting. Thanks!!

useful lesson,thanks

Excellent start

Many thanks Adam for this lesson. I hope to watch more about common mistakes that ELS students make.

Best regards!

Many thanks, bro.

100:) Thanks Adam!

Adam, Could you make a lesson about expression “… as well”? English native speakers often use it at the end of the sentence. Sometimes it is hard to understand.

My name is Peter.

as well means too, or also. We can use it at the end of a sentence just like too or also. “I want to go too= I want to go as well.” Even when you see it after a comma , as well., it works in the same way.

Does that help?

oh~~~ I see. I have often confused as well and also. Thanks~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Adam^^

Hello from London & thank you.

I am very confuse in preposition and conjuncton as well. It is my humble request to Mr. Alex. Please teach me. How to use preposition and conjuction as well.

This is first time to me…But i’ve enjoyed and learned..thanks adam…

What did you mean by “…to do so”? I looked it up on Cambridge dictionary but I didn’t get the real meaning. Thanks

Hi Henriqe,

The confusion might be with the word ‘so’ at the end. Look at this example:

I want to learn to play the guitar. But to do so would require more time than I have available.

so in this sentence is used to point to something that was just mentioned before. To do so means to do what was just mentioned before. In this case, to do so = to learn to play guitar.

good lesson, pretty useful thanks a lot…

I got 100!! Thank you for the lesson!

This lesson difficult for me

thank you very much , really i need this lesson

Hello again, I have three questions:

1. How to use “in addition to”? For instance how to rewrite the example from the vid:

“His laziness caused the company to perform badly last quarter. Moreover, his attitude toward the board has put his job in jeopardy.”

We can say: “In addition, his attitude toward the board has put his job in jeopardy.”

But when we want to use “in addition to”, we have to refer to “his laziness”, right? So, it would be:

“In addition to his laziness, his attitude toward the board has put his job in jeopardy.” — is that correct? (I think I just get it, but I write it anyway.) :)

2. “Which” and “which one” — For example: “Which one of them is better?” and “Which of them is better?” Do they mean the same, and can we omit “one”?

3. “play in games” or “play games” — I’m not sure how to use “play” properly in this case. If I want to ask my friend: “Do you want to play…” should I use “games” or “in games”, or “Do you want to play…” “this” or “in this”.

1. Yes, you are correct. If you add the ‘to’ you must refer back, because that is what the ‘to’ is doing, it is referring.

2. They basically mean the same. You can omit the ‘one’ though usually when we have only 2 things, we add the ‘one’ to specify, “which one is better?”

3. Usually we’d use play games. But… Michael Jordan played in some of the best games in NBA history. In this case we talk about actual competitions, (usually pro sports.) play a game, the game itself. Play in a game, the sporting action. Hope that makes sense.

So, basically “play in” means participation in an event? I mean “I play hockey”, but “I’ll play in a hockey tournament that will be held in my town next month.”, right?

Awesome explanation, it was easy to understand, thanks.

So important to know it

Thank you very much Mr, Adam. I really appreciated!. It was useful and practical lesson.

شكراً = Thanks by Arabic :)

It’s always a pleasure to watch these useful videos. However, I’ve got a question. Sometime I see the construction ‘there is’ with ‘too many’ eg. ‘There’s too many cars on the road.’ Is it right?

Hi Dmitriy,

No, grammatically it is not correct. However, it is quite common to hear it. You probably won’t see it written as much though. The reason many people say it though is that it is easier to say there’s than there’re.

Hi Adam, I want to ask you a question. A very common question for job is “why do you want to work for this company?” and “What is your motivation?” Could you kindly tell me what is the best answer for the same. Bless you dear.

Hi Sajjadafzal,

These answers would take to much space here, but to answer the first one well, make sure you research the company well and highlight their best features in your answer. They want to see that you know who they are and are genuinely interested rather than just be looking for a job. they also want to see that you came prepared. For the second, be honest. Say that you hungry for success and your dreams motivate you.

Hope that helps.

Hi, Adam. I’ve just watched Emma’s “Writing in English – Comma Splices” video, and I think there is small error in the sentence “So the internet…”. Comma before “it also makes” should be replaced by period or semicolon. Shouldn’t it?

I looked at the quiz and video but didn’t see that sentence. Where is it?

Hi. I’m sorry for confusion. Sentence, that I mean exists in your video. It appears about 6:13. There is: “So the internet not only helps people connect to friends and family anywhere in the world, it also makes it cheap to do so”. According to Emma’s lecture it should be: 1) “So the internet not only helps people connect to friends and family anywhere in the world. It also makes it cheap to do so”. or 2) “So the internet not only helps people connect to friends and family anywhere in the world; it also makes it cheap to do so”.

Adam, hello again, I have two examples to discuss. Lately I watched some episodes of “Friends”, and there were many questions like these below:

What did you just do? What the hell did you do?

The questions were said immediately after a situation occurred. Why is there simple past and not present perfect? I remember the scene from “Star Wars”, the moment when Mace Windu was killed by Anakin Skywalker, and after this, the killer said: “What have I done?” What is the difference between those three questions?

Technically, it should be the pres perf, but again, in everyday English, people let this stuff go. More importantly, did you notice the tone these questions were asked in? That’s where the meaning comes from I’m guessing. Let me know

Yes, I noticed that. I mean, when Anakin Skywalker killed Mace Windu, he said “What have I done?” as, I think, he really regretted what he did. And also the deed has bad consequences. I can think about some RPG games in one of which some people freed those bloodthirsty creatures, I mean dragons :), and now the beasts will destroy all the world. They also could say “What have we done?”

Maybe I’m wrong, but I think that “What have I/you/we done?” is often said when something bad happens. In the RPG example, no one actually needs/wants to know why the dragons fly at the sky (maybe they already know this). But they surely know what that means. :)

When someone says “What the hell did you do?”, I think he wants to know what actually happened. I don’t know, but it’s the only one thing that comes to mind. :)

You’re right, but it’s also clear that the person asking the question knows you’ve done something bad. It’s more for emphasis.

Please don’t hold it against me, but I’ve actually never seen Star Wars :(

Don’t worry. I’m not so big fan of Star Wars, I mean, I saw it once or twice, that’s all, and I remembered the scene. :)

Thank you very much indeed.

you are real man Adam!

Thank you so much Mr Adam. Please can you help me? Can you explain how I can use those complex connectives but can you explain in a simpler form please? Thank you :)

I can make a lesson about it. Do you mean conjunctions like and, but… or clause markers like though, if, …?

Both pleaassee ;;)

Hello Adam,

Could you make another video but with fancy words such as albeit, having said that, and so on.

Well thanks for the video, though.

I’ll get to those as well. :)

Mr Adam how we can use ” thus” plz help me

Yes, it’s on its way. :)

thank you so much my teacher Adam. that lesson really helpful thank you very much

Nice lesson.

thank you for this

hank you so much my teacher

thanks teacher adam . I have idea why engvid dont have examples of exams of IELETS specially for listening and speaking even with cost of dollars?

These lessons are on their way. :)

Hi Adam. Thank you a lot. I realy needed this stuff. take care.

Hi Adam, thanks a lot for you lesson! I have one question with quiz 9. I can’t understand what does “stylistically not attractive” mean. Thanks in advance for your answering!

It means that it might be grammatically correct, but in terms of style (aesthetics) it doesn’t really work well.

So does it mean that we don’t use this word that way? Just because of habit of use?

Hi Adam. Excellent lesson! Thank you!!!

Thank you Adam. It help me a lot!

It helped me a lot.

Hi Adam. It’s very good teaching method, I’m start to learn English with your lessons. Thanks for all

Thanks Adam. I have more transition words to share with everybody here: Besides this/that, Not only…but also. :)

Thanks Adam. I have been learning and exercising English more than 20 years, No one as teachfull as you. Thanks for all

Thank you, Adam. You are a wonderful teacher, make easier to understand the lessons. I really appreciate your work.

very nice, this lesson really helpful. Thanks Adam :)

Thank you a lot!

Thank you Adam, you are always convincing. could you please tell us how to extract the all components of the reading section in the TOEFL exam, like the main idea, the text is mainly about, what can be infered from the text … etc

hi,Adam,how are you?.I really like your explanation of english..i need your advice so how can i improve my vocabulary by memorizing..when i watch TV or any entertainment i don’t understand lots of words then immediately i am going down to depressive situation..

hello Mr Adamm thanks for this good lesson. but i have a request if you don`t mind, please can you help me to understand what`s the difference between: another and an other i am really confused with them thanks

Hello, Adam! Many thanks for such a helpful lesson! However, I wonder whether it is correct to write internet or Internet. Could you make it clear please?

Hello, Teacher Adam! Thank you so much for these helpful lessons :) Here’s a question that I wanna ask you. Is the word “besides” also a transition word and does it also have the same meaning as “in addition,” “furthermore” and “moreover?” Thanks!

Got 100 :D Thanks Adam

Hi , what means ” get your house in order” and how I can use this propery in my letter

thank you so much for your efforts . i need videos more for IELTS preparation and test simulation or test trails. any body here can help ?

Thanks Adam, a very good lesson. The 3rd question of the test is very useful so as to understand the correct use of these transitions. What about the correct word to use in that phrase instead of ‘furthermore’? Could ‘too’ at the end of the sentence be correct? (Facebook has a lot of fun games too).Cheers

9/10 in the test , Thanks Adam.

9/10 ..thnks aloo0o0t

thank you a lot i got 80 =)

HAHAH I DID THE TEST AGAIN AFTER A WHILE AGO AND I GOT 100 YAYYYY

thank you Mr Adam…. I got 9\10

Very interesting lesson.Thanks

nice lesson “thanks”

Thank you 4 all M.Adam! May God bless you…

Thank you Adam =) That’s really helpful, but what about “beside” can we use it ?

Thanks for these “clues”

8/10 i’m disappointment,,,,But many thanks…

I got 10 correct out of 10.=)))))))), so happy! Adam: Looking forwad to reading your novel :)

Transitions

Hello Adam, i want to thank you for your classes, ‘cuz they are so helpfull to me now that i’m getting prepare for my ECCE test. Especcially i must used them in letters and/or essays in 30 minutes.that’s awful! but i must keep practicing to pass the exam.. if you could help me more with these theme, i’d be thankful with you for it :) thank you. God bless ya.

the best tip of the lesson was “if you stock jus pull it out your pocket”, that was just great and handy at the same time

Thank you for the great lecture!

Is is correct that the different ideas in one paragraph must be related Adam ? Thanks a lot for all your help.

adam, im crazy about ur site. it works.

This topic and quiz still seems to be hard for me. I was very confused. But luckily, I got 7 correct out of 10. Thank you, Adam ;) I never give up :)

Adam, is the internet isnt capital letter “the Internet” ?

I find this lesson very useful, as well as many others I have seen in your channel. Could you give me any advice on how to distinguish an essay from another formats of text? Thank you very much! A big hug from Mexico

The best teacher

great lesson, great teacher

Good one again, Adam, keep up, much appreciated. Cheers

Tks a lots. You’re so good, Adam. It’s useful.

Hi Adam! Is it towardS or toward the board … ?

usefull lesson and now i am on cloud nine although i got 10 out 0f 10

Thank you so much Adam! It was a great lesson! I got 9/10 :)

I didn’t understand questions’answer of 6 and9.

Can we use ”another reason” after furthermore? Furthermore, another reason….???

Thank you adam this is a big help for us.God Bless

I really needed to learn a little bit more about these transitions, and now I got it. Thank you, it was too much helpful and easy as ever.

9/10 thank teacher!

All the videos are helping me improving my English though I find your website lately.

I got 8/10 so it was difficult to use one of your choices in the last quiz why you have told us that we can chose any of them why ? especially moreover not furthermore

I got 8/10 so it was difficult to use one of your choices in the last quiz why you have told us that we can chose any of them especially ? moreover not furthermore

Thank you very much, Adam! Your lessons are very very helpful

Thanks, Adam I was looking for this topic long time.

I’m very grateful with you all the teachers.

Thanks, Adam!

Thanks a lot. It was very useful and I got 10/10 in the quiz

Thanks Sir Adam, first lesson of you in which I got 90%.

Great lesson :) thank you Adam

Perfect lesson!

Hi Teacher ADAM, Something i haven’t understood in the question 5; you used a noun (transition) in the role of verb (to transition) in the sentence. It suppose to be “how to transit”. I will be grateful if you explain it. Thanks in advance.

really I enjoyed for this benefit lesson because I didn’t know how and when I can use this transition I always watching your lesson video and I subscribed cause your way of teach amazing so thank you teacher Adam so much am preparing for IELTS exam wish me luck

i really enjoyed this lesson….perfect…thank you very much..i got 9/10…morepower to you Adam….

Very helpful , Thank you very much .. <3'

very useful with me ^^ tks

Thank you a lot!!! You are a GREAT teacher and you’re helping me a lot to raise my score in the TOEFL IBT… bye

thank you Adam we need more practice like this .I have only 7.

sory, I have got only 7.

thanks a lot!!! this is what i want to know!!!

You have a nice way of teaching, thanks a lot

You are the best teacher for me Adam. I love the way you speak. You’re so nice and make the lesson easy to understand. Thank you.

Hello Adam,I am getting to the root of TOEFL.I have got 8.

Hi Adam, Hope this finds you well. I am going to take the IBT TOEFL in the next saturday. Can you please give me quick tips that may help me in the writing section?! beause I am not good in writing Thanks in advance

Hy ADAM SIR, You are doing great job,it helped me alot. I request you to please give some tips for essay`s body and conclusion. I am waiting for your response… Love from Pakistan.. :)

Is it ok to use transitions when writing a letter for instance a Business letter?

oh thanks Adam but it’s difficult

Hi Adam, Its very good teaching method for ” writing Transitions”. In QUIZ I got 80 out of 100%. Much appreciated. Regards,

very good lesson very helpful good job adam tommorrow my ielts test please everybody pray for my success

i got 81 in my toefl. However, my university needs 21 in writing and i get 19… DO you know if i can aply for another university??? Also y will take the TOEFL again and i want to improve it

Thanks a lot!

Many thanks! 8 out of 10

Your teaching is fascinating. Moreover, your quizzes are fun to work on! (Am I right with my transition :P ?)

thanks…a lotttttt…….

Adam, thank you so much for all the lessons!!! I discovered the page and you, last afternoon. I have my exam next week and I have a little bit clear how to do an essay. Really, thank you so much!! Your explanations make the thinks easier. (Sorry if there are mistakes…)

Are you going to present the IELTS?? Do you mind to tell us a little about it when you do so?? Did you take any course?? Thanks and of course, GOOD LUCK!! :)

Thanks you Adam, It improve my writing skill.

hello, I’m just new here. I’m happy to found this website. It’s really helpful to people like me who’s practicing or preparing for IELTS. :)

thanxx that really help a lot atleast now i know how to use transitions for my IGCSE exam !! :)

Thanks. This lesson was very helpful.

thank you, I love your lessons :)

I like this class . Thank you .

you guys do a really great job!

Really great job. Very helpful for me. thanks a lot.

Let’s say not bad this time , got 80 %. Thanks Adam, this lesson was helpfull moreover with your grammar.

Hi Adam, there are problems in academic writing that most postgrad students always face such as difficulties in using ‘arguably’, ‘admitedly’ etc. Are you able to make more lectures about these words. Thank you.

Great work. Sir Adam

Thanks keep on

Thanks Adam, your explanation is very clear and useful! Thank you so much, I’m sure it will help me with my Toefl test!

Thank you Adam… You are the best!

Hi Adam, Is it fine if you can use the same transition in the same paragraph?

For example: IN ADDITION to being a good person, she is one of the kind, supportive mother……. IN ADDITION, I described her as being a wonderful mom.

I understand the transition words but I’m having a difficulties on how to use them well.

thank you Adam and I`m grateful for your effort best regards

Hi Adam I’ve got a question; I was looking it up, but I didn’t have succes. What does “to toward the board” means?

Thank you in advance

it is really useful

Hello! Adam, how are you? Excellent job! I learned a lot. Thank you so much!!

I am very happy about the question bank which you have prepared that is really helpful to understand the lesson well. Thank you

The easiest way to understand is to look same meaning transition word in ur country language

Thanks Mr.Adam . but i confused about no.6 Furthermore +another , how both are used with each other? Thanks alooot

thank you Adam

One more great lesson Adam. Thanks a ton.

Thank you for the lesson. It is quite interesting and helpful

This lesson is really complicated. However I actually like to learn about it more. :D

hi Adam.this lesson is very interesting but it seems to so difficult!!!

Amazing! Tomorrow I have exam from these and it really helped me a lot

Thanks very helpful!

Thanks Adam! I really appreciated this lesson! In my opinion, all of you engvid teachers have been helping us a lot.

Hi Adam! Is it okay to use the word “another” right after “furthermore,” ?

Thanks Adam!

thanks so much Adam please i want an advice to help me in my statement of purpose for a master degree, i don’t know how i start!!

Thank you so much Adamım :)

Wow, I got 9 out of ten. Thanks Adam.

Thank you for lesson, Adam!

yeah that’s a good lesson and usefull. but mr Adam i’ve some problems with Whoever – Whatever – Whenever I don’t know the diffrence bitween them. i need more explication thanks a lot

Hi Adam! It was a nice lesson to learn. I have a query regarding these transition when we use these transitions in clauses and punctuation. I have read that semicolon is used before these transitions followed by a comma but when we use comma before these transitions. kindly plz reply me about this. Thank you

Hi Teacher which one is better for IELTS writing, to use first, second,… or to use these transitions in first of paragraphs? thank you

I really appreciate for this wonderful video that you have fabricated, It was few days ago I struggled with these liking words, but now I got a clear idea how to use them. once again thank you Mr Adam.

hi Adam I going to take in Cantest exam within a month .my question is ….writing area of Cantest and IELTS is similar or different …i mean all its parts ..from heading to conclusion …i dont know which test to choose Cantest or IELTS

could “besides” be added to this bunch ? thx in advance

I really love your lessons!!! It’s understood absolutely everything and I took a lot of information from it. And I’d like to mention that sometimes you put some phrases from lessons into quizes, the explanations that you provide. You are amazing teacher !

Why can’t I watch the video?

Adam! Your tests are the hardest ones! although I think they’re the funniest ones! Thanks a lot for the class.

Ps: Ronnie, don’t be jealous, please! You are a teacher as fantastic as Adam! Ahahahaha

Can you please provide a list of transitional words when ideas are same and ideas are different.

Thanks a lot, Adam!

thankssssssssssssssss

Many thanks, Adam!!

Hi Adam, I don’t really understand the answer of question No. 9. Would you please explain it more for me? Thanks

The above paragraph uses ‘furthermore’ already. Is …it correct to begin the next paragraph with ‘furthermore’?The answer is Yes, but it is not recommended because it is stylistically not attractive. Why? Because you have used furthermore in the last paragraph, begin with furthermore again is a redundancy, is possible but preferably use another transition like moreover or in addition to…

I got 7 out of 10, Trying to get 10 of 10

I got 8 out of 10 very useful and important lesson this is the first time that I know moreover and furthermore couldn’t be two words great lesson Thanks you always have great lesson

Thank you Adam

THANK U VRY MUCH

Thanks a lot !!! Best regards from Colombia !!!

thanks Adam

Many thanks it was really helpful !!!

Hello. Thanks for the lesson. Could I ask a question?

If we want to go from one idea to another but not connected with the first one what connection word or phrase can we use?

For example: “Social networks are great for business because they allow you to connect to many people.” “Social networks have a lot of fun games…..”

Your lessons are very useful and well explained…..thanks for being such great teacher. Do you have any indication of what books or what material to use for practising for IELTS test????

Thanks Adam. You’re very clearly in your lessons!!!! Greetings from Mexico!!!

Guys, you are the best!

Hi, Adam. Could you please make a video explaining the difference between avenge and revenge, reserve and preserve, audience and viewers and spectators,…As a non-native English speaker, I am confused with these and don’t know which word to use in a specific situation. Thanks in advance. Looking forward to watching new lesson videos from you. Wayne

I have a question on the concept of connected ideas. What do you mean by saying that? I feel more confused. When I used to write my essays, for the second and third arguments, I used these transition words you mentioned. For example, if the topic is the benefits of the social media. I will have 3 arguments. One is that it makes us make more foreign friends. Another one is that it provides a cheaper way for us to communicate with our families and friends. Third one will be it keep us updated about what happens around you every day. Are these are three connected arguments? Before, I just used moreover and furthermore at the start of the second and third arguments paragraphs. Thanks.

thanks…

Thank you so much, I really appreciate your hard work.

!!!! HI. I had 7correct answer but my score was 60. (6/10). WHY !!????

..answers… sorry.

I got 9 out of 10. thanks Adam for your great lesson, waitting more

Thanks a lot Adam

Alhamdulillah, I got 10 out of 10

I focused well during the lesson furthermore I tried to write down the tips. finally I passed the quiz

Thanks a bunch Adam :)

Well, well, well! 9/10. Thanks Adam!

… BUT, when you speak, do you use the same words? How do they sound, too formal? Thanks again, Adam

Hello Adam I have question. I’m preparing ielts I’m good with listening and speaking.But I have problem with writing every day I read various topics try to memorize some part of topics.but when come to write topic my own idea I don’t know what should I write I stuck my mind stops.Please give me piece of advice. Thank you for beforehand. Sincerely Rakhmonov Davron

I got 10/10!I thank you a lot Adam!

Sorry. But I do not fully comprehend this lesson Adam.

oooooooooooooooh !!!! love you all ENGVID.COM teachers

Hi, Adam I have a question need your help. I chose ” Furthermore” for the following question, but I was wrong, the correct answer is ” in addition to” . ……a one-year-subscription, you will receive unlimited access to all articles on our web-site.

Thank you Adam . I watch your videos in sina microblog! I find your suggestions are very useful for my IELTS !

I love your lessons Adam, I do love them. In addition to the video, I was reading that there are a lot of transitions (to add, to compare, to prove, to show time, to show sequence, to conclude, even to give an example) evidently this video explains just a part of a big world of writing transitions options.

Many thanks it was really helpfu

Thanks Adam, you’re the best.

I LOVE the way you teach, keep on like this!

sir adam i saw you video about charts , you said that we hav not write a conclusion on charts or diagram writing section , but when i saw other video your friend emma said that we have to write a conclusion ,, please tell me when should i write conclusion task one or two on the ielts

thanks million teacher

Thanks for making this lesson. It is very helpful.

hllo Sir this very pretty lesion and your way of teaching is very attractive.thanks Sir please give us a detailed lesion on this topic mean discourse word,that we can use in an essay. sir i am appearing in competitive exam and i have to write 3000 word essay. Sir could you help me for writing such type of essay.

Thank you Adam, you are great teacher!

Hi Adam. I am writing yo to thank you for helping me learn transitions easily

Hi adam, I don’t know when to use ”by” before ”ing” verb.

”Transitions connect two ideas by showing…”

I have got 6 out of 10

Mr.Adam, I am taking the ACT Test very soon, and I need to know the different kinds of tenses. Could you please help me out?

Your video on transitions was very helpful, so it helped me pass my test. It was very informative and detailed. Thank you so much.

Thanks Adam ,very nice and helpful lesson ,in addition I will try hard to use them today

Hey Adam I really like your videos!! I think I´ve learned a lot with you!! I just only have one question. How about besides???

Sorry Adam!! my bad in the previous comment!! I JUST HAVE …

yeah, thanks for teaching us of using of moreover, in addition to, another, furthermore ..

Oh my Gad! I got a low grade :(… Can you help me with more exercise? please.

Wow! I got 100. Adam, it’s nice lesson and thanks a lot :)

Thanks a million for your indescribable efforts, Mr. Adam. :)

thanks a lot

such a brilliant explanation, isn’t it? Is very clear and easy to understand. Congratulations to all the teachers staff! Thank u one more time.

Wow i got 100%, so far u r the best teacher Adam love ur lessons ^^

Thanks you! Ive got 100 and you explained it easily… Pretty good teacher!

Hello Adam. You are one of the best teachers and I really enjoy learning English by your videos. I have a question for you. I am preparing for the IELTS. And it might be difficult for me to take higher mark because It’s my first time to take exam to the IELTS. And I need some help.What kind of important things should I focus on in order to take higher mark. It’s essential to me to take about 6,5 or 7 band. I hope your advise can be helpfull for me. I will wait your answer. Thank you in advance.

By the way my exam is going to be in May.I have only four months to prepare. Your advise is very important to me.

Can we use both furthermore and another in one sentence? (question 6)

when we can use also , is it the same use ??

lov it. namaskar to you sir

in 5th question you already used furthermroe transition word. Isn’t it incorrect to use ”another reason” after furthermore? It is something which sounds repetitious and unnecessary.

I’m having Aptis test by the end of April , and I’m still so afraid of the speaking part !How can I speak confidently! 2-There is a part on the writing skill asks to write an email about a given topic in formal and informal way , would you please support me with more examples! Thanks

Can these transition words be used in a CV?

hi is there any body can help me on writing ,or introduce me some website to correct my writing ,

Hello Mary, You can visit “www.writetotop.com” and also “www.goodluckielts.com” hope you will find better stuff there too.

Thank You so much! You are very helpuf, keep doing these amazing videos!

Thank you Mr. Adam, please tell me the difference between id addition and in addition to and how to use each of them?

Thank you Adam so much. I love u

Professor Adam: I have watched all your videos with great interest. Your lessons are clear, I learn a lot through them. You are the best teacher, congratulations, Greetings from Mexico!

sir plz uplaod a video on “as well as”

thanks adam and other teachers , i am relay proud to join engvid

9/10 , Not Bad

Your videos make me comfort to learn English. Thank you so much. See you.

I was totally lost in that test!Between you Adam and Ben I don’t know who is the most difficult with the test!If I am getting 60’s or 70’s in the test that means I don’t know the material.

Thank you very much Mr.Adam.Your videos helped me to understand different types of transitions.

this is great !!

quiz link has not been added with the video.

Firstly, thank you Adam, secondly, I’ve got 10 correct out of 10. Yeah, I did it.

7/10 Thank you Adam

Thank you’re so understandable

can you please make a video on important synonyms needed for preparation in IELTS

Good lesson!Thanks

very helpful and useful.. Thank’s Adam ?

Thanks Adam for a good lesson!

Thank you very much for this lesson Mr.Adam.

tnx sir adam. I’ve already known the meaning of this words but, i didn’t know how to use it in an composition.IT HELPED ME LOT.

First of all, thanks a lot for the all excellent lessons you have. In the third question of the quiz where “Furthermore” is used incorrectly, should we use “Besides” instead or just a simple “Also”?

Hello adam I jst wanna clear that is there a little bit difference between although and though?? Actually…i practised a quiz on google and i incorrect 2 or 3 questions related with although and though…I’m confused about the use of both. Please clear me doubt

Hello Adam i got 10 of 10 from this quiz.it was so unexpected for getting that.thanks from indonesia adam

thank you ur so kind

Thank you Mr Adam

I love to learn English, first of all because, in general, I enjoy discovering new languages: it gives me a feeling of intellectual, aesthetic, and “musical” pleasure. It’s also interesting and fun to see the mysterious links between language and psychosociology, or to recognize the similarities between terms from a tongue to another, and the word’s origins and constructions. Furthermore, English is a wonderful key to worldwide international communication, and that can create so many opportunities of meeting new people and beginning great relationships either in the personal or the professional field. Another reason I’m so happy to be learning English is that it gives me access to a huge amount of cultural material: articles, books, movies and series that haven’t been translated in my mother tong, and which can be highly worth knowing! Moreover, to me, learning English is exciting and motivating because I can reasonably hope to be able to speak it quite well one day. That is due to the fact that there are many resources in the internet, and many people available for English conversation. That makes it easy and exhilarating at once! You see, when I do something, I like to do it fully, deeply, and that’s possible with learning English. It’s not as frustrating as learning Hindi, for example. And that’s thanks to people like you guys! Your videos and your quizzes are so helpful! So thank you sooo much to all the team!

Thanks Adam, your videos help me a lot

Finally! I got 10 correct out of 10 :)

Thanks Mr. Adam!

Thank you very much, it’s really a usefull videos that for sure will help us to improve a lot our english skills

Gracias por las lecciones, muy clara la explicación.

Thank you, Adam!

I got 9 correct out of 10. Thanks so much for taking time to create a quiz. Teacher Adam explained it very clear.

I got 9 correct out of 10. Thanks so much for taking time to giving me lessons.

sir,how to write essay specfic video

Holy fork! 10/10! Is the first time i get a perfect score in one of your quizzes!Great lesson!

this quizzes are a differential over whatever another channel on youtube! great method!

Thank for your help, hope for more videos like this.

Thank you very much,

Thank you very much. I learnt more about transitions and mainly how to use them.

I could say that this channel have helped me so much on my mission to become fluent in English, which is I neccessary for my plan on taking an IELTS exam on December. Furthermore, I could access any time without charge as long as I have a stable internet.

mr adam .please tell in conjuntive adverb who we use in semicolen ana coma and period?

You guys doing great job. Thank you so much.

You guys doing great job. Thank you so much. It’s more to me.

Thanks for the topic!

10/10 ? thank you very much Mr.Adam

Thanks a lot

+ 4 transition words in my dictionary. Than you! :)

Many thanks, it was really helpful.

I enjoy your lessons, they are very clear and helpful

thanks ADAM!

it is interesting

Can we begin the conclusion with , therefore? as an example below,

“Therefore, I think it is totally unacceptable to stay alone for long…”

Thanks, it really help me and good explanation.

Really good lesson, Congratulations Adam!

6. (Many students choose to study abroad because of the life-lessons that travel provides. This way they not only improve their academic skills, but their personal and cultural skills as well.)

About this question number 6, i tkink personaly that they have talked a little bit about the advantages of studying abroad, therefore the second idea should be about the difficulties of learning abroad; otherwise, is like developping the same idea.

Thanks Adam! This is my first time to get 9/10

Great lesson about the transitions..thanks!

I got 90! Hi Adam One question I have that how can I start my body paragraph the way that attract the reader and say my first reason of thesis very well.

Hi Adam I am Moni from India.After watching this lesson,I opened dictionary to see sample examples and check my understanding regarding ‘Moreover’.I have few questions.

1)”The government officials who will decide when to reopen their states are facing competing pressures, moreover.” As you discribed,there must be two ideas,but here there is only one sentence/idea.Where is the connection of two ideas? And how to use ‘Moreover’ at the end of a sentence?

2) a)”The crash, moreover, was an “unavoidable accident,” the company’s attorneys said” How to use moreover within a sentence?why here is only one idea? Is there another idea begining of the sentence that dictionary doesn’t provide us? Thanks in advance.?.

9/10! One mistake was made in which question was not read carefully.

Thank you! You are simply awesome.

thank you Mr.Adam , you are the best teacher ever, many thing get clear now to me .

hi there, thank you very much for your helps Adam. I want to study the transition topic more. have you made other videos in this topic?. such as: contrast transitions (however,…), result(as a result, therefore,…), …

hello teacher I read two books(focus on vocabulary 1&2) and grammar and books such as collins and Longman about reading, but I can’t write well even one paragraph. if it is possible for you, guide me. i see your lesson that’s very interesting. i have to become ready for IELTS.

too poor to me

Thanks a lot for your efforts here and at your channel , I’ve been searching for such a lesson for long :) , and I didn’t know that we can use “Moreover” and “Another reason” in the same sentence. Do we have always to put comma after these transitions and to use them capitalized after full-stop.

sir, is there any way I can send you my essay so you evaluate it for me, please.

I have come across it the first time on the youtube channel as I was looking for good writing tips and I found this. Having seen it, I became shocked as I got to learn many things from it, moreover, I tried to make sentences by my self and gave test too.

Hello Adam! I love your YOUTUBE channel the way you teach is amazing, thanks a lot! I have a question regarding furthermore, can we say/write *****;and furthermore, **

thank you sir, you are a great teacher

10/10 Thank you so much

Thank you so much for this video lesson!

I leave the comment because there is one question I want to ask for your advice. I’m not sure whether I should use the transitional word “besides” with the following sentences: No matter how far we are apart from other people, we can still connect with our families and friends. Besides, you can search for plenty of information online.

Thank you once again for another valuable lesson.

1o/1o best regards,Adam Greetings from Kazakhstan o8 Dec2o21:)

50 but i will make it to 100

great lesson Adam by the way could you make a video about Canadian cities’names thanks for all

Thank you very much.

about engVid

Learn English for free with 2084 video lessons by experienced teachers. Classes cover English grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, IELTS, TOEFL, and more. Join millions of English learners worldwide who are improving every day with engVid.

• 2-Intermediate

• Privacy Policy

© 2024 LearnVid Inc.

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Critique Report
• Writing Reports
• Learn Blog Grammar Guide Community Events FAQ
• Grammar Guide

Learn more about Grammar:

Should i use words like "accordingly", "additionally", "consequently", "furthermore", or "moreover" in my work.

Words like accordingly , additionally , consequently , furthermore , and moreover are adverbs. They serve no real purpose in your work and can often be omitted.

These phrases provide an unnecessary indication of the passing of time or ideas. Adding them to your work doesn't add anything; in fact, they can make your writing longer and less clear than it should be. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They can also be filler words that show the passage of time or transitions in ideas. While adverbs are not always bad (and sometimes are necessary), too many adverbs can clutter up your writing.

People often add words like accordingly , additionally , consequently , furthermore , and moreover as a way to provide more clarity to their writing. But this often has the opposite effect. It can make your writing read wordy and unclear. Words like this can weaken your writing and make your ideas seem less poignant.

Transitional adverbs are not usually necessary. The first thing you can try is eliminating the words all together. Reread what you've written without these adverbs and see if the message is still clear. Using these words isn't always bad, but overusing them makes your writing clunky and inaccessible.

If you're worried that removing these words makes your writing sound choppy without clear transitions, the problem is likely in your sentence structure. Try rephrasing your sentences to be clearer or even adding another sentence.

When editing out unnecessary adverbs, ask yourself:

• is this word necessary or does it make sense without it?
• can I say the same thing in a different way?
• do I need to restructure my sentences for clarity?

Enjoy? Share with Friends

Drop us a line or let's stay in touch via :

Writing Studio

Common transition words and phrases.

In an effort to make our handouts more accessible, we have begun converting our PDF handouts to web pages. Download this page as a PDF: Transitions Return to Writing Studio Handouts

Transitions clarify the logic of your argument by orienting your reader as you develop ideas between sentences and paragraphs. These tools should alert readers to shifts in your argument while and also maintain the smoothness and clarity of your prose. Below, you’ll find some of the most commonly used transition categories and examples of each. Depending on the example, these suggestions may be within sentences or at the beginning of sentences.

Transitions by Category

1. addition.

Use when presenting multiple ideas that flow in the same direction, under the same heading/ idea also, another, finally, first, first of all, for one thing, furthermore, in addition, last of all, likewise, moreover, next, and, second, the third reason

2. Sequence/ Order

Use to suggest a temporal relationship between ideas; places evidence in sequence first, second (etc.), next, last, finally, first of all, concurrently, immediately, prior to, then, at that time, at this point, previously, subsequently, and then, at this time, thereafter, previously, soon, before, after, followed by, after that, next, before, after, meanwhile, formerly, finally, during

3. Contrast

Use to demonstrate differences between ideas or change in argument direction but, however, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, yet, differ, difference, balanced against, differing from, variation, still, on the contrary, unlike, conversely, otherwise, on the other hand, however

4. Exception

Use to introduce an opposing idea however, whereas, on the other hand, while, instead, in spite of, yet, despite, still, nevertheless, even though, in contrast, but, but one could also say…

5. Comparison

Use to demonstrate similarities between ideas that may not be under the same subject heading or within the same paragraph like, likewise, just, in a different way / sense, whereas, like, equally, in like manner, by comparison, similar to, in the same way, alike, similarity, similarly, just as, as in a similar fashion, conversely

6. Illustration

Use to develop or clarify an idea, to introduce examples, or to show that the second idea is subordinate to the first for example, to illustrate, on this occasion, this can be seen, in this case, specifically, once, to illustrate, when/where, for instance, such as, to demonstrate, take the case of, in this case

7. Location

Use to show spatial relations next to, above, below, beneath, left, right, behind, in front, on top, within

8. Cause and Effect

Use to show that one idea causes, or results from, the idea that follows or precedes it because, therefore, so that, cause, reason, effect, thus, consequently, since, as a result, if…then, result in

9. Emphasis

Use to suggest that an idea is particularly important to your argument important to note, most of all, a significant factor, a primary concern, a key feature, remember that, pay particular attention to, a central issue, the most substantial issue, the main value, a major event, the chief factor, a distinctive quality, especially valuable, the chief outcome, a vital force, especially relevant, most noteworthy, the principal item, above all, should be noted

10. Summary or Conclusion

Use to signal that what follows is summarizing or concluding the previous ideas; in humanities papers, use these phrases sparingly. to summarize, in short, in brief, in sum, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, finally

Some material adapted from Cal Poly Pomona College Reading Skills Program and “ Power Tools for Technical Communication .” 

Writing Effective Sentence Transitions (Advanced)

Transitions are the rhetorical tools that clarify the logic of your argument by orienting your reader as you develop ideas between sentences and paragraphs. The ability to integrate sentence transitions into your prose, rather than simply throwing in overt transition signals like “in addition,” indicates your mastery of the material. (Note: The visibility of transitions may vary by discipline; consult with your professor to get a better sense of discipline or assignment specific expectations.)

Transition Signals

Transition signals are words or phrases that indicate the logic connecting sets of information or ideas. Signals like therefore, on the other hand, for example, because, then, and afterwards can be good transition tools at the sentence and paragraph level. When using these signals, be conscious of the real meaning of these terms; they should reflect the actual relationship between ideas.

Review Words

Review words are transition tools that link groups of sentences or whole paragraphs. They condense preceding discussion into a brief word or phrase. For example: You’ve just completed a detailed discussion about the greenhouse effect. To transition to the next topic, you could use review words like “this heat-trapping process” to refer back to the green house effect discussion. The relative ability to determine a cogent set of review words might signal your own understanding of your work; think of review words as super-short summaries of key ideas.

Preview words

Preview words condense an upcoming discussion into a brief word or phrase. For example: You’ve just explained how heat is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. Transitioning to the theory that humans are adding to that effect, you could use preview words like “sources of additional CO2 in the atmosphere include” to point forward to that discussion.

Transition Sentences

The strongest and most sophisticated tools, transition sentences indicate the connection between the preceding and upcoming pieces of your argument. They often contain one or more of the above transition tools. For example: You’ve just discussed how much CO2 humans have added to the atmosphere. You need to transition to a discussion of the effects. A strong set of transition sentences between the two sections might sound like this:

“These large amounts of CO2 added to the atmosphere may lead to a number of disastrous consequences for residents of planet earth. The rise in global temperature that accompanies the extra CO2 can yield effects as varied as glacial melting and species extinction.”

In the first sentence, the review words are “These large amounts of CO2 added to the atmosphere”; the preview words are “number of disastrous consequences”; the transition signals are “may lead to.” The topic sentence of the next paragraph indicates the specific “disastrous consequences” you will discuss.

If you don’t see a way to write a logical, effective transition between sentences, ideas or paragraphs, this might indicate organizational problems in your essay; you might consider revising your work.

Some material adapted from Cal Poly Pomona College Reading Skills Program  and “ Power Tools for Technical Communication .”

Last revised: 07/2008 | Adapted for web delivery: 05/2021

In order to access certain content on this page, you may need to download Adobe Acrobat Reader or an equivalent PDF viewer software.

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

"Furthermore" versus "moreover"

Is there any difference in meaning between furthermore , and moreover ?

In other words, can I easily replace these words with one another in any sentence, or should I do it carefully?

• 6 In matters like this, I'm often wary of saying "any" or "always". However, off the top of my head, I'd describe these two words as largely interchangeable . More often than not, I think that substitution could be made with no shift in meaning. But someone may be able to point out some exceptions, or a flaw in my initial assessment. –  J.R. ♦ Commented Feb 26, 2013 at 9:11

5 Answers 5

Moreover and furthermore are essentially interchangeable synonyms. They're formal substitutes for additionally, also, as well, in addition to, likewise , and too . Those two words are common in academic prose, partially because writers don't combine sentences well or often enough, partly because they need to use them to keep their sentences short enough to read without causing reader fatigue, and partly because it's the easiest way of adding additional information. I try to eliminate as many instances of moreover and furthermore as possible, but it's sometimes impossible.

In addition, they emphasize the "too-ness" of what comes next: {Moreover/Furthermore}, Judge Jones owns stock in the defendant's company, so he should recuse himself from presiding over this case .

The one you use is pretty much a question of personal taste, but my rule of thumb is to put moreover first and furthermore second if the two appear in the same paragraph on in contiguous paragraphs. Others may have a different "rule", but I think it's strictly personal choice.

Although these two adverbs are interchangeable, there are some subtle differences between them. Let's have a look at the examples below:

The student's essay was badly written. Moreover, it was too short.

Using "moreover" we both add info and support our argument. In other words being "too short" is related to the "badly written essay" somewhat.

Reading is an excellent way to increase your vocabulary. Furthermore, it can also help you improve your grammar.

We just add info. We don't indicate a relationship between "vocabulary" or "grammar".

Moreover is the statement of "over what I just told you" then the person then tells you what he means by that statement. Furthermore is proceeding from the sentence before that sentence. That's when you hope for the moreover statement after that.

Yes, there is a difference.

Furthermore is used to add another point or list item.

Moreover , on the other hand, not only adds another point but is always a persuasive term. Using it indicates that you are building up the argument (probably putting the finishing touches to it) and that you want to persuade the reader to agree with you. You are not unbiased and presenting an additional point, you are biased and want to convince.

• 1 -1 Um, no. Everything you say about moreover can apply to furthermore . –  GoDucks Commented Jan 19, 2016 at 0:05

Not the same:

Furthermore is properly used, when there is need only to add one more reason to those before-mentioned; its intent is to multiply, and it has no relation but to number. Moreover is in its right place, when used, to add a reason of a different kind to those that went before; its chief office is to add with a particular respect to diversity.

John Trusler (1783), The Distinction Between Words Esteemed Synonymous in the English Language , p. 57

• 2 This is from a source published in 1766, with no authority today and very little in its own day. –  StoneyB on hiatus Commented Nov 17, 2014 at 16:34
• @StoneyB What is the source and why did they use commas so enthusiastically? I was going to edit them out, but decided not to in case it is accurately quoted. –  ColleenV Commented Nov 17, 2014 at 18:39
• 2 @ColleenV John Trusler, The Distinction Between Words Esteemed Synonymous ... . Commas were used more liberally in the 18th century than today, but this is extravagant even for then. Trusler appears to have been a real character. –  StoneyB on hiatus Commented Nov 17, 2014 at 18:49

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged word-usage difference ..

• Featured on Meta
• Announcing a change to the data-dump process
• Upcoming initiatives on Stack Overflow and across the Stack Exchange network...

Hot Network Questions

• Can present continuous mean "should"?
• How Does Our Current Understanding of QFT Affect Chemistry and Biology?
• Are there non-religious variants of moral realism that defend the existence of objectively evil thoughts, intentions, and desires?
• User safety when touching tone controls in vacuum tube preamplifier
• Any idea what game this picture is from?
• Minerals in asteroids that can only be detected indirectly
• Do finite field point counts remember the singularities of an algebraic variety?
• Why are quadratic residues more interesting than cubic residues?
• Draw Small Regular Polygons
• No module named 'setuptools.command.test'
• Can a car dealership reverse a car sale if the lending company removes their approval after the sale?
• Drawing perfect square in QGIS
• Constructing a quantum circuit for a "simultaneous four qubit rotational swap"
• Represent and evaluate an infinite expression
• Why try to explain the unexplainable?
• What kind of useless Stack Exchange Site is this?
• Using Gamma Ray Lasers to Blow Away Interstellar Medium
• What concerns are there with soldering stainless steel cable on electronics?
• Why did the Hyperbola-1 launch fail in August 2021?
• What is a Primordial binary?
• An infinite hat puzzle variation—if we don't know our place, can we still be almost all correct?
• "Man cannot live by bread alone." — Is there any logical explanation why this idiom doesn't have an article before "man"?
• When do the Mythbusters appear in the Phineas and Ferb Star Wars special?
• Activating Demonic hordes’s ability in response to it’s upkeep cost

My Speech Class

Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics

A List of Transition Words to Use for Argumentative Essays

Amanda Green was born in a small town in the west of Scotland, where everyone knows everyone. I joined the Toastmasters 15 years ago, and I served in nearly every office in the club since then. I love helping others gain confidence and skills they can apply in every day life.

Writing an argumentative essay requires a lot of effort aside from research. Besides grammar and structure, you definitely need to make sure your essay is coherent by using transitions.

Argumentative essay transition words allow you to wrap up a piece of evidence to support your main point and then move on to another. Keep reading for tips and an exhaustive list of transition words I put together for your argumentative essays.

What Is a Transition Word?

A transition word is critical to producing quality content. Also known as linking words, transition words make basic connections between sentences and paragraphs to show a relationship between ideas.

A strong transition is crucial when writing an essay. It’s not enough that you provide complete information about your main points and supporting details. You also have to make your argument attractive and logical by using transitions in your academic essay.

The absence of transition words will make your paper less readable and understandable. But too many transitions can also ruin your piece. Use them in moderation to avoid confusion about your document.

Function and Importance of Transitions

The goal of transition words is to convey ideas clearly and concisely to your readers. If you’re writing an argumentative paper, you want to make logical connections in your document to prove your central point.

Transitional phrases and words help you produce a logical flow from one sentence or paragraph to another. In other words, they introduce what the following information will be. Some transitions come in single words, while others come in complete phrases and sentences.

Can We Write Your Speech?

Get your audience blown away with help from a professional speechwriter. Free proofreading and copy-editing included.

There are many categories of transitions, including those that present counterarguments and others that build on your arguments. Be careful about using the wrong transition. Otherwise, you won’t achieve your goal of clarity and conciseness. Consider these examples.

• “ For instance , an anonymous TikTok user reports having a shorter attention span because of its over-swiping feature.” (In this sentence, for instance is used to provide an example).
• “ Here’s an exception to my previous point. ” (This entire sentence is a transition, showing a logical connection between the previous and following sentences).

Transition can also be a sentence to a paragraph long. I’ll show you an example.

Paragraph A: A point that supports co-sleeping as a parenting method.

Transition: Despite this, there are many reasons that prove co-sleeping leads to sleep-related accidents.

Paragraph B: Points that oppose co-sleeping.

Types of Transition Words

There are several types of transitions you can use for making high-quality essays.

Transition Between Paragraphs

A type of transition required for a well-written essay is one you can find between paragraphs. Once you’ve arranged each paragraph according to your outline, it’s important to start each with an effective transition. This word or phrase is usually present in the topic sentence of the body.

Some examples include however, similarly, and for example. But these transition expressions cannot be a single sentence long. The initial sentence of every paragraph should be clear and substantial instead of simply connecting ideas.

Transition Within Paragraphs

Creating a powerful transition within every paragraph of your academic papers avoids choppy sentences. It provides a sense of connection between complex ideas to help readers anticipate what is coming.

These are usually single words or short phrases like in addition, since, and if.

Transition Between Sections

The last type of transition phrases and sentences are those between sections. You’ll find them all over the entire paper to summarize the information. They can be restatements of arguments or a short closing sentence to ensure the flow of ideas.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

It’s a type of essay that requires you to research a subject matter and establish a position for or against it.

Aside from researching and evaluating evidence, showing a relationship between sentences and sections is essential when writing a paper. This will allow you to wrap up an idea and then start another. You must cite different sources to support your point of view, then show counterarguments.

The entire essay should include an introduction, a conclusion, and at least three body paragraphs.

How Do You Start an Argumentative Essay?

Every type of paper starts with an introduction, which usually includes a hook, background, and thesis statement.

The common essay introduction piques the reader’s interest through a surprising statistic or an interesting question. Provide readers with a background of your entire content piece, then state your main argument in a clear sentence.

Transition expressions are not yet essential in this stage of essay writing. Focus on setting up your point and discussing how you will argue it throughout the paper.

Common Transitions for Argumentative Essay Writing

Take a look at this list of transitional words and phrases commonly used to make strong arguments.

• Additionally
• In addition
• Not only… but also
• In the same way
• Comparatively
• Furthermore
• Equally important

Counterargument Transition Words

Here’s a transition word list for essays showing different sides of an argument.

• While it is true that
• Nevertheless
• Despite this
• On the other hand
• Be that as it may
• Even though
• Although this may be true

Transition Words and Phrases for Comparing and Contrasting

Here’s a breakdown of transition words and phrases you can use when comparing and contrasting.

• In spite of
• On the contrary
• Different from
• In contrast

Transition Words to Include in Your College Essay

Here are some examples of transition words you can use when applying for college admission or scholarship.

• To put it in another way
• To demonstrate
• As an illustration
• By all means
• In other words

Transition Words for Cause and Effect

Consider this transition word list when showing cause and effect.

• As a result
• For this reason
• Consequently
• Accordingly
• Under those circumstances
• Because the

Transition Words for Essay Paragraphs

• At the present time
• In due time
• To begin with
• All of a sudden
• Immediately
• In a moment

Transitions to Emphasize a Point

• Most of all
• The main problem/issue is
• Without question
• More importantly
• Most important of all

Transition Words for Additional Support or Evidence

Transition words for sequence or order, transition words for space or place.

• In the middle of
• In the distance
• In the background
• Here and there
• On the side

To Cite a Source or Paraphrase

• According to
• This means that
• Put it more simply

Transition Words to Begin a Body Paragraph

• What is more
• Beyond that

Transition Words to Introduce Details

• For example
• As an example
• For instance
• A case in point
• Specifically
• In particular
• More specifically

Transition Words for Conclusion

• As can be seen
• By and large
• On the whole
• To summarize
• In the final analysis
• Generally speaking

More Transition Words

• With this intention
• In order to
• In the hope that
• With this in mind
• For the purpose of
• Provided that

Tips for Using Argumentative Essay Transitions

Follow these tips to improve your use of transitions in your essay.

Know What the Transitions Mean

Non-native speakers may need help knowing the meaning of every transition expression, so research every term before using it.

There are also many categories of transition words. You can use them to summarize points, show contradictions, express sequence, or begin a paragraph.

Start Your Essay with an Outline

Writing an outline will make it easier to map your ideas and move them around. This strategy will help you transition between paragraphs.

Don’t Overuse Transitions

The last mistake you shouldn’t make is overuse. Instead of making connections between sentences, you’ll make your paper more difficult to read. It creates more incoherence and distraction in your writing, contradicting its intended purpose in your paper.

Use Transition Words Properly

Now you know how to use transition words and phrases for your argumentative essay through this guide and list. These expressions will help you produce a coherent relationship between every idea.

Mastering transitions for your essay may not be a piece of cake, but practice makes perfect. Don’t forget to revise and proofread your argumentative before submitting it to your professor.

Mother of the Groom Speech – Best Tips & Examples

How to Write the Best Commencement Speech – Tips & Examples

Leave a Comment

I accept the Privacy Policy

Reach out to us for sponsorship opportunities

Vivamus integer non suscipit taciti mus etiam at primis tempor sagittis euismod libero facilisi.

© 2024 My Speech Class

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

5 Examples of Concluding Words for Essays

4-minute read

• 19th September 2022

If you’re a student writing an essay or research paper, it’s important to make sure your points flow together well. You’ll want to use connecting words (known formally as transition signals) to do this. Transition signals like thus , also , and furthermore link different ideas, and when you get to the end of your work, you need to use these to mark your conclusion. Read on to learn more about transition signals and how to use them to conclude your essays.

Transition Signals

Transition signals link sentences together cohesively, enabling easy reading and comprehension. They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and separated from the remaining words with a comma. There are several types of transition signals, including those to:

●  show the order of a sequence of events (e.g., first, then, next)

●  introduce an example (e.g., specifically, for instance)

●  indicate a contrasting idea (e.g., but, however, although)

●  present an additional idea (e.g., also, in addition, plus)

●  indicate time (e.g., beforehand, meanwhile, later)

●  compare (e.g., likewise, similarly)

●  show cause and effect (e.g., thus, as a result)

●  mark the conclusion – which we’ll focus on in this guide.

When you reach the end of an essay, you should start the concluding paragraph with a transition signal that acts as a bridge to the summary of your key points. Check out some concluding transition signals below and learn how you can use them in your writing.

To Conclude…

This is a particularly versatile closing statement that can be used for almost any kind of essay, including both formal and informal academic writing. It signals to the reader that you will briefly restate the main idea. As an alternative, you can begin the summary with “to close” or “in conclusion.” In an argumentative piece, you can use this phrase to indicate a call to action or opinion:

To conclude, Abraham Lincoln was the best president because he abolished slavery.

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

As Has Been Demonstrated…

To describe how the evidence presented in your essay supports your argument or main idea, begin the concluding paragraph with “as has been demonstrated.” This phrase is best used for research papers or articles with heavy empirical or statistical evidence.

As has been demonstrated by the study presented above, human activities are negatively altering the climate system.

The Above Points Illustrate…

As another transitional phrase for formal or academic work, “the above points illustrate” indicates that you are reiterating your argument and that the conclusion will include an assessment of the evidence you’ve presented.

The above points illustrate that children prefer chocolate over broccoli.

In a Nutshell…

A simple and informal metaphor to begin a conclusion, “in a nutshell” prepares the reader for a summary of your paper. It can work in narratives and speeches but should be avoided in formal situations.

In a nutshell, the Beatles had an impact on musicians for generations to come.

Overall, It Can Be Said…

To recap an idea at the end of a critical or descriptive essay, you can use this phrase at the beginning of the concluding paragraph. “Overall” means “taking everything into account,” and it sums up your essay in a formal way. You can use “overall” on its own as a transition signal, or you can use it as part of a phrase.

Overall, it can be said that art has had a positive impact on humanity.

Proofreading and Editing

Transition signals are crucial to crafting a well-written and cohesive essay. For your next writing assignment, make sure you include plenty of transition signals, and check out this post for more tips on how to improve your writing. And before you turn in your paper, don’t forget to have someone proofread your work. Our expert editors will make sure your essay includes all the transition signals necessary for your writing to flow seamlessly. Send in a free 500-word sample today!

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

6-minute read

How to Write a Nonprofit Grant Proposal

If you’re seeking funding to support your charitable endeavors as a nonprofit organization, you’ll need...

9-minute read

How to Use Infographics to Boost Your Presentation

Is your content getting noticed? Capturing and maintaining an audience’s attention is a challenge when...

8-minute read

Why Interactive PDFs Are Better for Engagement

Are you looking to enhance engagement and captivate your audience through your professional documents? Interactive...

7-minute read

Seven Key Strategies for Voice Search Optimization

Voice search optimization is rapidly shaping the digital landscape, requiring content professionals to adapt their...

Five Creative Ways to Showcase Your Digital Portfolio

Are you a creative freelancer looking to make a lasting impression on potential clients or...

How to Ace Slack Messaging for Contractors and Freelancers

Effective professional communication is an important skill for contractors and freelancers navigating remote work environments....

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

Further Or Furthermore? Here’s The Correct Usage (+14 Examples)

While you might not notice a glaring difference between further or furthermore, you might be surprised to hear there is an obvious one. The two words are not interchangeable, even though they both start with “further.” Let’s find out why.

Is It Further Or Furthermore?

Further should be used when extending your point from a previous argument already made. Furthermore should be used when you’re introducing a new argument. Further is used in the middle of a sentence, while furthermore is used at the start of a sentence.

What Does Further Mean?

“Further” is used to continue a point you’ve previously made. We make use of “further” in writing (primarily formal tone), and we use it when we want to elaborate on a point.

Generally, the point is made already. That’s why we put “further” in the middle of a sentence. We can put it at the start, but we must make the following sentence directly linked to the one before.

If you ever try to start a sentence with “further,” you’ll leave your readers wondering what you’re furthering on from (unless you make it apparent with the following sentence). This means that if there isn’t a direct point you made in the previous section, you’re using “further” in a grammatically incorrect sense and will only end up confusing your readers over the intended effect.

What Does Furthermore Mean?

Furthermore is used to introduce a new idea that hasn’t already been made. Even if that idea is closely related to a previous one, if it’s still a new idea, “furthermore” is the correct word to use.

“Furthermore” is used at the start of a sentence because you’re putting a new idea forward. You can’t use furthermore in the middle of a sentence because it shouldn’t be a follow-on from the previous point made.

If you ever find yourself writing “furthermore” in the middle of the sentence, it’s often because you haven’t finished your point correctly or are misusing it. It’ll confuse many readers because you’re supposed to start a new reasoning altogether when you use “furthermore.” Make sure it always comes at the start of a sentence and nowhere else.

Should You Use Further Or Furthermore At The Beginning Of A Sentence?

We’ve already explained the significant differences between the two words, but there’s still a bit of confusion between which one goes where.

Both “further” and “furthermore” can be used at the beginning of a sentence. “Furthermore” is always used at the beginning, but “further” is only used when the sentence directly following it links to the previous sentence.

• Furthermore, this business isn’t just about you.
• Further to the point we made previously…

Sometimes, you’ll see “further” used at the start of a sentence in the way we show you above. This is only the case when the sentence after it follows on from the previous one. Usually, “furthermore” is the correct choice if we’re going to put either of the words at the beginning of a sentence. However, it might make more sense to use “further.”

Check to see whether you’re following on from a previous point or starting a new one before you decide between the two.

Should You Use A Comma After Further?

When we’re using “further,” we never need to write a comma after the word. That’s because it doesn’t set itself up as its own clause. We always need to elaborate our point more when we use “further,” meaning a comma won’t work after it.

“Further” needs further explanation before we can finish the clause.

The above is a good little tip to remember whether you put a comma at the end or not. Since we only put a comma after a word when the clause has already been completed, we know that “further” needs an explanation before we can think about breaking up the sentence.

Should You Use A Comma After Furthermore?

The opposite can be said about “furthermore,” though. We often use “furthermore” as an introduction to a new point, and it works as a standalone clause because people know what to expect from the word “furthermore.” If you use “furthermore,” always follow it with a comma. If you don’t, you’ll find that your sentence doesn’t flow correctly.

Furthermore begins a new point and stands alone. That’s why we need to put a comma directly after it to separate our clauses effectively.

There are some occasions where you might put furthermore after a semi-colon (when you don’t quite want to end a sentence but still want to start a new point). However, even in these cases, we need to include a comma after “furthermore” because it starts a new clause.

7 Examples Of How To Use “Further” In A Sentence

We can talk to you all day about the differences between the two words. However, the easiest way to learn how they work in different situations is to see them in action. We’ve put together some examples to do precisely that for you. Make sure you read the sentences through in their entirety so you can tell how each one works.

• Further to the point we made previously, high streets are losing business as internet shopping increases.
• He researched further into the matter before making his decision.
• Without further delay, we’d like to introduce you to the newest member of the team.
• One mistake was bad enough. They were further annoyed by his second mistake, though.
• We can keep the leftovers stored for further events.
• Before I can determine the cause of this injury, I need further information.
• Our house is further away than you might realize.

There are a few different ways to use “further” in a sentence, but in no situation is it possible to replace it with “furthermore.” As we’ve previously stated, the two words are not interchangeable. You can’t use either one over the other, which is why it’s important to know which one to use when.

7 Examples Of How To Use “Furthermore” In A Sentence

We can use “furthermore” when we’re starting a new point and trying to develop it separately from what came before. Usually, we’d use it in a formal setting (most likely an essay), where we’re trying to explain a point that might not directly correlate with everything we’ve already written about.

• Furthermore, this is a business where people need time to relax.
• Furthermore, a lot needs to be done to fix the world that we live in.
• Furthermore, we can’t keep ignoring the obvious side effects of these drugs.
• Furthermore, people will keep protesting the problems until they are solved.
• Furthermore, ice cream ranked higher than chocolate on a survey of student’s favorite treats.
• Furthermore, dog breeds can’t be ranked by anything other than popularity, as every dog is different.
• Furthermore, you get what you’re given.

See how in each of these examples, we can only start the sentence with “furthermore.” That’s because we’re introducing a new point. If you’ve learned about grammar rules in any language, then you’ll know that new sentences are started when a new point begins.

Further – Synonyms

Let’s look at some alternatives to the two words as well. We’ll start with “further” so you can see how you might write it. These are a good way to practice your language skills and expand your vocabulary list.

• Additionally

We’re looking to add to our previously stated fact or opinion. That’s why “additionally” is a good replacement for “further.” Both words have the same meaning and are both used to the same degree in formal writing.

• To a greater extent

If you want to further stress the point by making a greater point, this saying will work well. However, this is strictly reserved for formal situations and shouldn’t be used in informal ones.

Again, we’re looking to cover a point that’s already been listed. “Moreso” allows us to develop a point in the same way as “further.”

Furthermore – Synonyms

“Furthermore” has synonyms that work on developing a new point in much the same way. We can use any of these alternatives in place of “furthermore.”

While this is designed to link loosely back to the previous point, the idea is that we’re adding on some new information that wouldn’t otherwise be mentioned.

• By the same token

Similarly to “moreover,” we use this phrase when we’re wanting to add more to a point while also starting a new trail of thought. It’s a common thing to do in a lot of informal writing styles.

Quiz: Have You Mastered The Further Or Furthermore Grammar?

Finally, let’s see how you do with a quiz to determine which of the words should be used in what context! We’ll include the answers at the end for you to look at.

• (A. further / B. furthermore), you need to be a certain height before riding rollercoasters.
• To (A. further / B. furthermore) my career, I need to get more qualifications.
• (A. further / B. furthermore) to what has already been said, you can’t keep fighting against resistance without a problem.
• (A. further / B. furthermore), some things aren’t designed to be fixed.
• To help (A. further / B. furthermore) my point, I refer you to image 1.

Quiz Answers

You may also like: 11 Alternatives To “Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly” In Writing

Martin holds a Master’s degree in Finance and International Business. He has six years of experience in professional communication with clients, executives, and colleagues. Furthermore, he has teaching experience from Aarhus University. Martin has been featured as an expert in communication and teaching on Forbes and Shopify. Read more about Martin here .

• Previous Work or Previous Works – Which Is Correct?
• 11 Formal Ways to Say “As Mentioned Previously”
• Is There A Comma Before or After “Inc.” In A Company Name?
• Is It Correct to Say “Of Which”? (Helpful Examples)

ESL Writing: Transitions and Connectors (In addition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus/as well

This ESL writing lesson introduces students to the correct usage of several transitions meaning “Also”, providing several sample sentences so students can familiarize themselves with these words.

Download lesson as pdf

Transitions for giving more examples/information

“Transitions” are word that help connect ideas in a paragraph.

When you are giving many examples or ideas in the body of a paragraph, you should try to introduce each idea with a transition word. (You should not start a sentence with “And”.) There are many transitions that mean “Also” or “And”:

In addition / Additionally / Furthermore / Moreover / Plus / …as well

These transitions are similar to “Also”. They are explained in detail below.

1. In addition / Additionally

In addition and Additionally are used to give more information about something. When you write a formal essay, you should not start a sentence with the word “And”. You can often use “In addition” or “Additionally” instead of “And”.

• I studied journalism in college. In addition, I had a part-time job at a newspaper.
• I joined the guitar club and the math club in school. Additionally, I went on a camping trip with the debate team.

2. Furthermore / Moreover

Furthermore and Moreover are also very formal, and they are basically the same as “in addition” and “additionally”. We often use “moreover” and “furthermore” when we talk about our opinions.

• · Smoking is a bad habit because it smells bad and it can damage your health. Furthermore, it is a very expensive habit.
• · The politician is too old to be our president. Moreover, he is not trustworthy.
• · Students are given too many tests these days. Moreover, they don’t have enough free time.
• · Human beings must take care of their environment. We should drive more fuel-efficient cars, and we should recycle. Furthermore, we should stop businesses from polluting the environment.

3. Plus / …as well

Plus and …as well can be formal or informal. (“…as well” is used at the end of a sentence”)

• · That car has new brakes, an air-conditioner, and a new CD player. Plus, it has an alarm.
• · The typhoon destroyed my cousin’s home, and it destroyed his car as well .
• · My grandfather fought in two wars, and he traveled around the world. He ran his own business as well .
• · That computer is way too expensive. Plus, it’s not even that good.

*Note: if the sentence is negative , use either instead of as well.

• I like math, and I like science as well.
• I don’t like math, and I don’t like science either.

You Might Also Like

Esl writing lesson: listing things in order, esl usage lesson: regardless of / no matter / regardless, esl writing: transitions and connectors (therefore / consequently / as a result / thus / for this reason), esl writing: transitions review worksheet (2), esl writing: transitions and punctuation (1), esl writing: although / even though (lesson, examples, worksheet).

• +44 (0) 207 391 9032

Recent Posts

• How Professional Editing Services Can Take Your Writing to the Next Level

How to Write an Effective Essay Outline

• How to Write a Law Essay: A Comprehensive Guide with Examples
• What Are the Limitations of ChatGPT?
• How to Properly Write an Essay Outline Using ChatGpt
• Why Presentation Skills Are Important for Students
• Tips on How to Make an Essay Longer
• How to Structure Your Dissertation in 2024
• How to Write a Research Paper Like a Pro
• Academic Integrity vs. Academic Dishonesty: Understanding the Key Differences
• Academic News
• Custom Essays
• Dissertation Writing
• Essay Marking
• Essay Writing
• Essay Writing Companies
• Model Essays
• Model Exam Answers
• Oxbridge Essays Updates
• PhD Writing
• Significant Academics
• Student News
• Study Skills
• University Applications
• University Essays
• University Life
• Writing Tips

17 academic words and phrases to use in your essay

(Last updated: 20 October 2022)

Since 2006, Oxbridge Essays has been the UK’s leading paid essay-writing and dissertation service

We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

For the vast majority of students, essay writing doesn't always come easily. Writing at academic level is an acquired skill that can literally take years to master – indeed, many students find they only start to feel really confident writing essays just as their undergraduate course comes to an end!

If this is you, and you've come here looking for words and phrases to use in your essay, you're in the right place. We’ve pulled together a list of essential academic words you can use in the introduction, body, and conclusion of your essays .

Whilst your ideas and arguments should always be your own, borrowing some of the words and phrases listed below is a great way to articulate your ideas more effectively, and ensure that you keep your reader’s attention from start to finish.

It goes without saying (but we'll say it anyway) that there's a certain formality that comes with academic writing. Casual and conversational phrases have no place. Obviously, there are no LOLs, LMFAOs, and OMGs. But formal academic writing can be much more subtle than this, and as we've mentioned above, requires great skill.

So, to get you started on polishing your own essay writing ability, try using the words in this list as an inspirational starting point.

Words to use in your introduction

The trickiest part of academic writing often comes right at the start, with your introduction. Of course, once you’ve done your plan and have your arguments laid out, you need to actually put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard) and begin your essay.

You need to consider that your reader doesn’t have a clue about your topic or arguments, so your first sentence must summarise these. Explain what your essay is going to talk about as though you were explaining it to a five year old – without losing the formality of your academic writing, of course! To do this, use any of the below words or phrases to help keep you on track.

1. Firstly, secondly, thirdly

Even though it sounds obvious, your argument will be clearer if you deliver the ideas in the right order. These words can help you to offer clarity and structure to the way you expose your ideas. This is an extremely effective method of presenting the facts clearly. Don’t be too rigid and feel you have to number each point, but using this system can be a good way to get an argument off the ground, and link arguments together.

2. In view of; in light of; considering

These essay phrases are useful to begin your essay. They help you pose your argument based on what other authors have said or a general concern about your research. They can also both be used when a piece of evidence sheds new light on an argument. Here’s an example: The result of the American invasion has severely impaired American interests in the Middle East, exponentially increasing popular hostility to the United States throughout the region, a factor which has proved to be a powerful recruitment tool for extremist terrorist groups (Isakhan, 2015). Considering [or In light of / In view of] the perceived resulting threat to American interests, it could be argued that the Bush administration failed to fully consider the impact of their actions before pushing forward with the war.

3. According to X; X stated that; referring to the views of X

Introducing the views of an author who has a comprehensive knowledge of your particular area of study is a crucial part of essay writing. Including a quote that fits naturally into your work can be a bit of a struggle, but these academic phrases provide a great way in.

Even though it’s fine to reference a quote in your introduction, we don’t recommend you start your essay with a direct quote. Use your own words to sum up the views you’re mentioning, for example:

As Einstein often reiterated, experiments can prove theories, but experiments don’t give birth to theories.

Rather than:

“A theory can be proved by experiment, but no path leads from experiment to the birth of a theory.” {Albert Einstein, 1954, Einstein: A Biography}.

See the difference?

And be sure to reference correctly too, when using quotes or paraphrasing someone else's words.

Adding information and flow

The flow of your essay is extremely important. You don’t want your reader to be confused by the rhythm of your writing and get distracted away from your argument, do you? No! So, we recommend using some of the following ‘flow’ words, which are guaranteed to help you articulate your ideas and arguments in a chronological and structured order.

4. Moreover; furthermore; in addition; what’s more

These types of academic phrases are perfect for expanding or adding to a point you’ve already made without interrupting the flow altogether. “Moreover”, “furthermore” and “in addition” are also great linking phrases to begin a new paragraph.

Here are some examples: The dissociation of tau protein from microtubules destabilises the latter resulting in changes to cell structure, and neuronal transport. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to further oxidative stress causing increased levels of nitrous oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidases.

On the data of this trial, no treatment recommendations should be made. The patients are suspected, but not confirmed, to suffer from pneumonia. Furthermore, five days is too short a follow up time to confirm clinical cure.

5. In order to; to that end; to this end

These are helpful academic phrases to introduce an explanation or state your aim. Oftentimes your essay will have to prove how you intend to achieve your goals. By using these sentences you can easily expand on points that will add clarity to the reader.

For example: My research entailed hours of listening and recording the sound of whales in order to understand how they communicate.

Dutch tech companies offer support in the fight against the virus. To this end, an online meeting took place on Wednesday...

Even though we recommend the use of these phrases, DO NOT use them too often. You may think you sound like a real academic but it can be a sign of overwriting!

6. In other words; to put it another way; that is; to put it more simply

Complement complex ideas with simple descriptions by using these sentences. These are excellent academic phrases to improve the continuity of your essay writing. They should be used to explain a point you’ve already made in a slightly different way. Don’t use them to repeat yourself, but rather to elaborate on a certain point that needs further explanation. Or, to succinctly round up what just came before.

For example: A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no relationship between phenomena. In other words, there is no treatment effect.

Nothing could come to be in this pre-world time, “because no part of such a time possesses, as compared with any other, a distinguishing condition of existence rather than non-existence.” That is, nothing exists in this pre-world time, and so there can be nothing that causes the world to come into existence.

7. Similarly; likewise; another key fact to remember; as well as; an equally significant aspect of

These essay words are a good choice to add a piece of information that agrees with an argument or fact you just mentioned. In academic writing, it is very relevant to include points of view that concur with your opinion. This will help you to situate your research within a research context.

Also , academic words and phrases like the above are also especially useful so as not to repeat the word ‘also’ too many times. (We did that on purpose to prove our point!) Your reader will be put off by the repetitive use of simple conjunctions. The quality of your essay will drastically improve just by using academic phrases and words such as ‘similarly’, ‘as well as’, etc. Here, let us show you what we mean:

In 1996, then-transport minister Steve Norris enthused about quadrupling cycling trips by 2012. Similarly, former prime minister David Cameron promised a “cycling revolution” in 2013…

Or Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) aims to bridge the gap of access to electricity across the continent (...). Another key fact to remember is that it must expand cost-efficient access to electricity to nearly 1 billion people.

The wording “not only… but also” is a useful way to elaborate on a similarity in your arguments but in a more striking way.

Comparing and contrasting information

Academic essays often include opposite opinions or information in order to prove a point. It is important to show all the aspects that are relevant to your research. Include facts and researchers’ views that disagree with a point of your essay to show your knowledge of your particular field of study. Below are a few words and ways of introducing alternative arguments.

8. Conversely; however; alternatively; on the contrary; on the other hand; whereas

Finding a seamless method to present an alternative perspective or theory can be hard work, but these terms and phrases can help you introduce the other side of the argument. Let's look at some examples:

89% of respondents living in joint families reported feeling financially secure. Conversely, only 64% of those who lived in nuclear families said they felt financially secure.

The first protagonist has a social role to fill in being a father to those around him, whereas the second protagonist relies on the security and knowledge offered to him by Chaplin.

“On the other hand” can also be used to make comparisons when worded together with “on the one hand.”

9. By contrast; in comparison; then again; that said; yet

These essay phrases show contrast, compare facts, and present uncertainty regarding a point in your research. “That said” and “yet” in particular will demonstrate your expertise on a topic by showing the conditions or limitations of your research area. For example:

All the tests were positive. That said, we must also consider the fact that some of them had inconclusive results.

10. Despite this; provided that; nonetheless

Use these phrases and essay words to demonstrate a positive aspect of your subject-matter regardless of lack of evidence, logic, coherence, or criticism. Again, this kind of information adds clarity and expertise to your academic writing.

A good example is:

Despite the criticism received by X, the popularity of X remains undiminished.

11. Importantly; significantly; notably; another key point

Another way to add contrast is by highlighting the relevance of a fact or opinion in the context of your research. These academic words help to introduce a sentence or paragraph that contains a very meaningful point in your essay.

Giving examples

A good piece of academic writing will always include examples. Illustrating your essay with examples will make your arguments stronger. Most of the time, examples are a way to clarify an explanation; they usually offer an image that the reader can recognise. The most common way to introduce an illustration is “for example.” However, in order not to repeat yourself here are a few other options.

12. For instance; to give an illustration of; to exemplify; to demonstrate; as evidence; to elucidate

The academic essays that are receiving top marks are the ones that back up every single point made. These academic phrases are a useful way to introduce an example. If you have a lot of examples, avoid repeating the same phrase to facilitate the readability of your essay.

Here’s an example:

‘High involvement shopping’, an experiential process described by Wu et al. (2015, p. 299) relies upon the development of an identity-based alliance between the customer and the brand. Celebrity status at Prada, for example, has created an alliance between the brand and a new generation of millennial customers.

Concluding your essay

Concluding words for essays are necessary to wrap up your argument. Your conclusion must include a brief summary of the ideas that you just exposed without being redundant. The way these ideas are expressed should lead to the final statement and core point you have arrived at in your present research.

13. In conclusion; to conclude; to summarise; in sum; in the final analysis; on close analysis

These are phrases for essays that will introduce your concluding paragraph. You can use them at the beginning of a sentence. They will show the reader that your essay is coming to an end:

On close analysis and appraisal, we see that the study by Cortis lacks essential features of the highest quality quantitative research.

14. Persuasive; compelling

Essay words like these ones can help you emphasize the most relevant arguments of your paper. Both are used in the same way: “the most persuasive/compelling argument is…”.

15. Therefore; this suggests that; it can be seen that; the consequence is

When you’re explaining the significance of the results of a piece of research, these phrases provide the perfect lead up to your explanation.

16. Above all; chiefly; especially; most significantly; it should be noted

Your summary should include the most relevant information or research factor that guided you to your conclusion. Contrary to words such as “persuasive” or “compelling”, these essay words are helpful to draw attention to an important point. For example:

The feasibility and effectiveness of my research has been proven chiefly in the last round of laboratory tests.

Film noir is, and will continue to be, highly debatable, controversial, and unmarketable – but above all, for audience members past, present and to come, extremely enjoyable as a form of screen media entertainment.

17. All things considered

This essay phrase is meant to articulate how you give reasons to your conclusions. It means that after you considered all the aspects related to your study, you have arrived to the conclusion you are demonstrating.

After mastering the use of these academic words and phrases, we guarantee you will see an immediate change in the quality of your essays. The structure will be easier to follow, and the reader’s experience will improve. You’ll also feel more confident articulating your ideas and using facts and examples. So jot them all down, and watch your essays go from ‘good’ to ‘great’!

Essay exams: how to answer ‘To what extent…’

How to write a master’s essay

• academic writing
• writing a good essay
• writing essays
• writing tips

Writing Services

• Essay Plans
• Critical Reviews
• Literature Reviews
• Presentations
• Dissertation Title Creation
• Dissertation Proposals
• Dissertation Chapters
• PhD Proposals
• Journal Publication
• CV Writing Service
• Business Proofreading Services

Editing Services

• Proofreading Service
• Editing Service
• Academic Editing Service

Additional Services

• Marking Services
• Consultation Calls
• Personal Statements
• Tutoring Services

Our Company

• Frequently Asked Questions
• Become a Writer

Terms & Policies

• Fair Use Policy
• Policy for Students in England
• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions
• [email protected]
• Contact Form

Payment Methods

Cryptocurrency payments.

Synonyms of furthermore

• More from M-W
• To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In

Thesaurus Definition of furthermore

Synonyms & Similar Words

• additionally
• for good measure
• into the bargain
• in addition to
• in the bargain
• what's more

Articles Related to furthermore

33 Transition Words and Phrases

'Besides,' 'furthermore,' 'although,' and other words to help you jump from one idea to the next.

Thesaurus Entries Near furthermore

furthermore

furthermost

Cite this Entry

“Furthermore.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/furthermore. Accessed 31 Jul. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on furthermore

Nglish: Translation of furthermore for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of furthermore for Arabic Speakers

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Word of the day.

See Definitions and Examples »

Get Word of the Day daily email!

Popular in Grammar & Usage

Plural and possessive names: a guide, your vs. you're: how to use them correctly, every letter is silent, sometimes: a-z list of examples, more commonly mispronounced words, how to use em dashes (—), en dashes (–) , and hyphens (-), popular in wordplay, it's a scorcher words for the summer heat, flower etymologies for your spring garden, 12 star wars words, 8 words for lesser-known musical instruments, birds say the darndest things, games & quizzes.

Essays and Short Answer Prompts

The Penn application process includes a personal essay —which is sent to most schools you apply to—as well as a few short answer prompts . We read your words carefully, as they are yet another window into how you think, what you value, and how you see the world. Through your writing, we get a glimpse of what you might bring to our community—including your voice and creativity. 

Remember, you are the expert on your story. This is an opportunity for you to reflect and understand who you are now, and who you want to be in the future. You have the agency to choose the information you want to share. This is your story: your experiences, your ideas, your perspective.   

A Few Writing Tips

• Review the prompts thoroughly.  Be sure you’re answering the question or prompt being asked. Topics are chosen because the Admissions Committee wants to know specific things about you. If you don’t address them directly, we are left to make decisions regarding your application with incomplete information. 
• Consider your response carefully.  We understand that you may be writing responses for different schools and you may want to reuse material, but be sure to read through your response to make sure it is relevant to the prompt. 
• Double-check your writing.  Give yourself time to revisit your response. Try to avoid rushing your writing process so you have time to revise your work. Ultimately, it is up to you to polish and proofread your writing before you submit. 
• Do your research. Are there classes you’re eager to take? Research opportunities you’d love to pursue? A group or club you want to be a part of? This kind of specificity shows us you’re serious about Penn and have thought about how you’d spend your time here. 

2023-24 Short Answer and Essay Prompts

When answering these prompts, be precise when explaining both why you are applying to Penn and why you have chosen to apply to that specific undergraduate school. Some of our specialized programs will have additional essays to complete, but the  Penn short answer prompts should address your single-degree or single-school choice.  

• Write a short thank-you note to someone you have not yet thanked and would like to acknowledge. (We encourage you to share this note with that person, if possible, and reflect on the experience!) (150-200 words, not required for transfer applicants) 
• How will you explore community at Penn? Consider how Penn will help shape your perspective, and how your experiences and perspective will help shape Penn. (150-200 words) 
• The school-specific prompt is unique to the school to which you are applying. (For example, all applicants applying to the College of Arts and Sciences will respond to the prompt under the “College of Arts and Sciences” section). Considering the undergraduate school you have selected for your single-degree option, please respond to your school-specific prompt below.  

Transfer Essay (required for all transfer applicants): Please explain your reasons for transferring from your current institution and what you hope to gain by transferring to another institution. (4150 characters) 

Undergraduate School-Specific Short Answer Prompts

For students applying to coordinated dual-degree and specialized programs, please answer this question about your single-degree school choice; your interest in the coordinated dual-degree or specialized program may be addressed through the program-specific essay.  

Penn Nursing intends to meet the health needs of society in a global and multicultural world by preparing its students to impact healthcare by advancing science and promoting equity. What do you think this means for the future of nursing, and how do you see yourself contributing to our mission of promoting equity in healthcare? (150-200 words) 

To help inform your response, applicants are encouraged to learn more about  Penn Nursing’s mission and how we promote equity in healthcare . This information will help you develop a stronger understanding of our values and how they align with your own goals and aspirations. 

The flexible structure of The College of Arts and Sciences’ curriculum is designed to inspire exploration, foster connections, and help you create a path of study through general education courses and a major. What are you curious about and how would you take advantage of opportunities in the arts and sciences? (150-200 words) 

To help inform your response, applicants are encouraged to learn more about the  academic offerings within the College of Arts and Sciences .  This information will help you develop a stronger understanding of how the study of the liberal arts aligns with your own goals and aspirations. 

Wharton prepares its students to make an impact by applying business methods and economic theory to real-world problems, including economic, political, and social issues.  Please reflect on a current issue of importance to you and share how you hope a Wharton education would help you to explore it.  (150-200 words) 

To help inform your response, applicants are encouraged to learn more about  the foundations of a Wharton education . This information will help you better understand what you could learn by studying at Wharton and what you could do afterward. 

Penn Engineering prepares its students to become leaders in technology, by combining a strong foundation in the natural sciences and mathematics, exploration in the liberal arts, and depth of study in focused disciplinary majors. Please share how you hope to explore your engineering interests at Penn. (150-200 words) 

To help inform your response, applicants are encouraged to learn more about  Penn Engineering and its mission to prepare students for global leadership in technology . This information will help you develop a stronger understanding of academic pathways within Penn Engineering and how they align with your goals and interests. 

Coordinated Dual Degree and Specialized Program Essay Prompts

For students applying to coordinated dual-degree and specialized programs, please answer the program-specific essay below. 

** Numbers marked with double asterisks indicate a character count that only applies to transfer students applying through Common App.  

Why are you interested in the Digital Media Design (DMD) program at the University of Pennsylvania? (400-650 words / 3575 characters**) 

We encourage you to learn more about the DMD: Digital Media Design Program . 

The Huntsman Program supports the development of globally minded scholars who become engaged citizens, creative innovators, and ethical leaders in the public, private, and non-profit sectors in the United States and internationally. What draws you to a dual-degree program in business and international studies, and how would you use what you learn to contribute to a global issue where business and international affairs intersect? (400-650 words) 

The LSM program aims to provide students with a fundamental understanding of the life sciences and their management with an eye to identifying, advancing, and implementing innovations. What issues would you want to address using the understanding gained from such a program? Note that this essay should be distinct from your single degree essay. (400-650 words) 

• Explain how you will use the M&T program to explore your interest in business, engineering, and the intersection of the two. (400-650 words) 
• Describe a problem that you solved that showed leadership and creativity. (250 words) 

Describe your interests in modern networked information systems and technologies, such as the internet, and their impact on society, whether in terms of economics, communication, or the creation of beneficial content for society. Feel free to draw on examples from your own experiences as a user, developer, or student of technology. (400-650 words / 3575 characters**) 

Discuss your interest in nursing and health care management. How might Penn's coordinated dual-degree program in nursing and business help you meet your goals? (400-650 words) 

How do you envision your participation in the Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research (VIPER) furthering your interests in energy science and technology? Please include any past experiences (ex. academic, research, or extracurricular) that have led to your interest in the program. Additionally, please indicate why you are interested in pursuing dual degrees in science and engineering and which VIPER majors are most interesting to you at this time. (400-650 words) 

Suddenly Trump Looks Older and More Deranged

Now the Republicans are the ones saddled with a candidate who can’t make a clear argument or finish a sentence.

Listen to more stories on hark

Four days after the end of the Republican National Convention, it suddenly looks like a very different event. I watched it intermittently, on television, along with perhaps 25 million other Americans (a relatively small number, though enough to matter). I focused on the highlights, like most viewers did. I read the analysis and thought I understood what had happened. But in the light of President Joe Biden’s brave and unprecedented decision to drop out of the race, my memory of what Donald Trump and his party were doing and saying has permanently shifted. I suspect this will be true for at least some of the other 25 million of us too.

Whatever happens next, the frame has altered. Now it is the Republicans who are saddled with the elderly candidate, the one who can’t make a clear argument or finish a sentence without veering off into anecdote. Now the Democrats are instead proposing something new. Now it is the many pundits who were already bored by the race and ready to wrap it up who look foolish.

Remember, if you still can: The Republican convention was a carefully curated, meticulously planned presentation. As my colleague Tim Alberta has said, the theme was “strength.” Strength was expressed by exaggerated, absurd, comic-book figures: Hulk Hogan, Kid Rock. The latter chanted “Fight, fight!” and “Trump, Trump!” while pumping his fist. Then he sang “American Bad Ass,” an unlistenable work of profound dissonance. Trump himself walked into the convention hall to the strains of James Brown’s famously misogynistic anthem “It’s a Man’s Man’s Man’s World.”

Read: This is exactly what the Trump team feared

Strength was implied by the equally choreographed demonstrations of debasement. Nikki Haley, who had repeatedly questioned whether Trump is “mentally fit” to be president—and had declared that “the first party to retire its 80-year-old candidate” will win the election—offered her “strong endorsement.” The vice-presidential nominee, J. D. Vance, who had previously compared Trump to Hitler and described him as “ cultural heroin ,” performed a kind of kowtow, appearing at the convention in the form of supplicant, acolyte, prodigal son. Like so many other Republicans, he bowed to the power of Trump, to the vulgarity of Hulk Hogan, to a whole host of things he used to say he didn’t like, and maybe still doesn’t like. He even made a peculiar, strained attempt to link his children and his wife, the daughter of South Asian immigrants, to a cemetery in East Kentucky where he said they will be buried, as if none of this will make sense until all of us are dead.

But then Trump himself appeared, and it was as if the emperor with no clothes had taken the stage. There was nothing strong about an overweight, heavily made up yet nevertheless shiny-faced elderly man who rambled and babbled for an hour and a half, completely undermining the slick image created in the previous four days. He began by sticking to his script, solemnly referencing the failed assassination attempt against him days before. But even when telling that story, he could not master the appropriate tone and almost immediately changed the subject. “And there’s an interesting statistic,” he said: “The ears are the bloodiest part. If something happens with the ears, they bleed more than any other part of the body. For whatever reason, the doctors told me that.”

Eventually, instead of sounding like an “American Bad Ass,” he digressed into pure gibberish . One example:

They’re coming from prisons. They’re coming from jails. They’re coming from mental institutions and insane asylums. I—you know the press is always on because I say this. Has anyone seen The Silence of the Lambs ? The late, great Hannibal Lecter. He’d love to have you for dinner. That’s insane asylums. They’re emptying out their insane asylums. And terrorists at numbers that we’ve never seen before. Bad things are going to happen.

In Venezuela, Caracas, high crime, high crime. Caracas, Venezuela, really a dangerous place. But not anymore, because in Venezuela, crime is down 72 percent. In fact, if they would ever in this election, I hate to even say that, we will have our next Republican convention in Venezuela because it will be safe. Our cities, our cities will be so unsafe, we won’t be able—we will not be able to have it there.

On Thursday evening, this performance seemed deranged, sinister, and frightening. Now, following Biden’s decision to halt his own campaign, it just looks deranged. On the one hand, we have a sitting president who understood his limitations and, in an act of patriotism, selflessness, and party unity, decided to step away from power. On the other hand, we have a former president clinging to power, holding on desperately to the myth of a lost election, evoking the same predictable descriptions of carnage and disaster he served up eight years ago. Today, he is still attacking Biden, who is no longer his opponent.

Read: A searing reminder that Trump is unwell

In retrospect, the Republican Party’s convention looks not just staged but also hollow and false. By contrast, the Democratic Party’s convention will be substantive and maybe even spontaneous. In the hours that have passed since Biden’s announcement, a million different Kamala Harris memes, music mixes, and clips have appeared online, not orchestrated by her campaign or by any campaign, just put together by random people, some of whom like her and some of whom do not. One mash-up of her wackier speeches, her laugh, and a Charli XCX soundtrack had 3.4 million views by this morning. We don’t know yet whether Harris will be the candidate or, if she is, whether she will be a good one, but the energy has already shifted from the men trying to impose their image of their party on the country to online Gen Zers who can flip the script any way they want.

I don’t know what will happen next, and that’s the point. The heavy sense of inevitability that surrounded the RNC has lifted. The cadres of people organized by the Heritage Foundation and a dozen offshoots, all quietly preparing to dismantle the rights of American women, to replace civil servants with loyalists, to take apart pollution controls, and to transfer more money into the hands of Trump-friendly billionaires—they are no longer marching inexorably toward the halls of power. The people who spent a week trying to bend reality to fit their flawed, vengeful candidate became too confident too soon.

About the Author

More Stories

How Labour Defeated Populism

Time to Roll the Dice

Kamala Harris said 19 words in 2018 that taught us all we need to know

Curious about what kind of candidate she’ll be? Her dismantling of Justice Brett Kavanaugh at his confirmation hearing is worth a rewatch.

Key takeaways

Summary is AI-generated, newsroom-reviewed.

• Kamala Harris's sharp questioning of Kavanaugh highlighted in article
• Harris's approach in 2018 hearings showcased her prosecutorial skills
• Article suggests Harris's candidacy benefits from her assertive questioning style

Listen, nearly everything you need to know about the presidential candidacy of Kamala Harris can be summed up by 19 words she uttered at the 2018 confirmation hearings of Supreme Court Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh.

Harris, then a senator from California serving on the Judicial Committee, had used up several minutes trying to pin down Kavanaugh’s opinion on Roe v. Wade . Like nearly every senator on the topic, she was mostly unsuccessful. “I have not articulated a position on that,” Kavanaugh told her at one point, sidestepping the fact that articulating a position is precisely what she’d been asking him to do. Finally, in a cool and deliciously patient voice, Harris changed tactics:

“Can you think of any laws,” she asked the nominee, “that give the government the power to make decisions about the male body?”

“Um,” Kavanaugh replied, furrowing his brow. “I am happy to answer a more specific question, but — ”

“Male versus female,” Harris offered, smiling, and when Kavanaugh still expressed confusion, she repeated her 19-word question: “Can you think of any laws that give the government the power to make decisions about the male body?”

Kavanaugh responded, “I am not thinking of any right now.”

Shortly thereafter, Harris’s questioning moved on to other topics, but that moment is what the women in my life spent the rest of the day talking about. It was obvious that Kavanaugh was not planning to reveal his professional opinion on the legality of abortion , so Harris had instead gone straight to the heart of the matter.

Laws related to reproductive health care only impact female bodies. Overturning Roe v. Wade would primarily hurt women. The health and personal choices of women were monitored, restricted and regulated by the government in ways that men could not begin to imagine — in a way that Kavanaugh himself had clearly not begun to imagine, considering how long it took him to grasp Harris’s question. And if he would not articulate a position, then she would at least make him articulate the injustice.

Yeah, he would go on to secure the seat on the bench. And four years later he would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade . But at least Kamala Harris made it clear that she was going into this goat rodeo with her eyes wide open.

In the early hours since President Biden announced on Sunday that he would be endorsing Harris as the Democratic nominee, everyone and their MSNBC-loving nana seems to have an opinion on how Harris should campaign. Should she remind the voting public that she was a former prosecutor who would know exactly what to do with a felon like Donald Trump ? Should she go full coconuts and lean into the memes? Within hours of Biden’s announcement, the pop star Charli XCX posted on X that “Kamala is brat,” which refers to — you know what, just Google it, and trust that it’s the kind of approval seal that will turn out more 20-something votes than a whole army of endorsements from Nancy Pelosi.

The answer is, probably, all of the above. Harris is going to need a powerhouse coalition that includes church ladies and hard-working stepmoms as well as Fire Island gays. But the version of Harris that always struck me as the most authentic and the most reassuring was the one we were introduced to in 2018, when Donald Trump’s Supreme Court pick turned up on Capitol Hill with the confidence of an altar boy who’d never before had to account for some missing Communion wine.

On the second day of his confirmation hearings, Kamala pressed Kavanaugh to share whether he thought that Obergefell v. Hodges , the 2015 case that essentially legalized same-sex marriage, had been “correctly decided.” When he would not answer, she reframed the question: “You have said that Brown v. Board of Education was one of the greatest moments in the court’s history,” she told Kavanaugh. “Do you believe that Obergefell was also one of those moments?”

Note how the second version of the question is slightly different than the first. She is no longer simply asking for the opinion of a legal scholar. She is also asking for the opinion of a human. Civil rights protection had been expanded to gay couples — and how did that make him feel? If he’d been willing to share vocal support for one kind of equality, why not the other? What were his values, and how were they going to inform his work on the court? (Kavanaugh responded to her question not by sharing his own opinion but by quoting someone else, which Harris noted.)

Later, the confirmation process took an unexpected turn, following Christine Blasey Ford’s allegations that Kavanaugh had attempted to assault her when they both were teens. The truth of those allegations proved impossible to litigate in the context of the Senate Judiciary Committee. The alleged events were decades old. But in the middle of that hearing, Harris asked Kavanaugh — whose defense somehow involved a global conspiracy and “revenge on behalf of the Clintons” — what outwardly appeared to be a softball: “Do you agree that it is possible for men to both be friends with some women and treat other women badly?”

It was a philosophical question more than a legal one, but man if it didn’t encapsulate everything that feminists had been trying to point out: that people were complicated. That powerful men might have hired female law clerks and coached girls basketball, as Kavanaugh did, but that didn’t mean we should assume they couldn’t have also abused women. That it was possible for good men to do bad things, and until we understood that, we weren’t going to get anywhere as a country.

I was riveted by those hearings at the time, and the fact that they happened six long years ago is why I’m refreshing your memory now. It’s worth going back to watch them. Kamala the prosecutor is present there, and, to a lesser extent, so is Kamala the meme.

But the most compelling version of Kamala is that of a savvy practitioner at the top of her game, asking the right questions even when the answers never arrived. Clear-eyed. Laser-focused. Take no prisoners. Accept no B.S.

Show Bookstore Categories

Kamala Harris & The Future of America: An Essay in Three Parts

By Caleb Maupin

Specifications

Ratings & reviews.