problem solving about simple interest

RESULTS BOX: 

RESULTS BOX: 

Amount = SI + P

Amount at end of t years

• A = ending balance
• P = Principal balance
• r = the interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
• n = the number of times interest compounds in a year
• t = time (expressed in years)

Note that interest can compound on different schedules – most commonly monthly or annually. The more often interest compounds, the more interest you pay (or earn). If your interest compounds daily, you'd enter 365 for the number of time interest compounds annually. If it compounds monthly, you'd input 12 instead.

Learn More About Compound Interest

Compound interest calculations can get complex quickly because it requires recalculating the starting balance every compounding period.

For more information on how compound interest works, we recommend visiting our compound interest calculator .

Which is Better for You: Simple or Compound Interest?

As a borrower, paying simple interest works in your favor, as you'll pay less over time. Conversely, earning compound interest means you'll net larger returns over time, be it on a loan, investment, or your regular savings account.

For a quick example, consider a $10,000 loan at 5% interest repaid over five years.

As established above, a loan this size would total $12,500 after five years. That's $10,000 on the original principal plus $2,500 in interest payments.

Now consider the same loan compounded monthly. Over five years, you'd repay a total of $12,833.59. That's $10,000 of your original principal, plus $2,833.59 in interest. Over time, the difference between a simple interest and compound interest loan builds up exponentially.

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Simple interest calculator

Simple interest calculator finds the principal amount, interest amount and interest rate using simple interest formula. This calculator can help you deal with all kinds of simple interest problems. The calculator prints an easy-to-follow, step-by-step explanation.

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Simple interest

Simple interest is based only on the principal amount , unlike compound interest, where we use previously earned interest to calculate the next interest. For example if we invest \$100 for 3 years at an interest rate of 10% than we earn $10 each year. This calculator uses the following formula to solve simple interest problems:

P is the principal. This is the total amount of money we invested.

R is the ANNUAL rate of interest at which the money is given.

T is the time duration in years for which the principal is invested.

We will show how to use simple interest forumula on two examples.

Calculate the interest earned on \$1200 if the rate is 6% over 3 years.

Step1 : Transform 6% into decimal

6% = 6 ÷ 100 = 0.06

Step2 : Apply above formula:

I = P × R × T = 1200 × 0.06 × 3 = 216

You deposit \$800 into a bank account and received \$56 simple interest after 18 months. What is the interest rate per year?

Step1 : Transform 18 months into years

18 M = 18 ÷ 12 = 1.5 Y

I = P × R × T R = I ÷ ( P × T) R = 56 ÷ (800 × 1.5) R = 0.047 R = 4.7%

1. Simple Interest formula with examples

2. Simple interest video tutorial

3. Simple interest problems

4. Simple interest calculator

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Word Problems on Simple Interest

Word Problems on Simple Interest are solved here:

1.  Robert deposits $ 3000 in State Bank of India for 3 year which earn him an interest of 8%.What is the amount he gets after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years? Solution: In every $ 100, Robert gets $ 8. (Since rate is 8% → 8 for every 100) Therefore, for $ 1 he gets = $ 8/100 And for $ 2000 he gets = 3000 x 8/100  = $ 240 Simple Interest for 1 year = $ 240. Simple Interest for 2 year = $ 240 x 2  = $ 480

Simple Interest for 3 year = $ 240 x 3 = $ 720 Therefore,  Amount after 1 year = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = 3000 + 240 = $ 3240

Amount after 2 years = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = 3000 + 480 = $ 3480 Amount after 3 years = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = 3000 + 720 = $ 3720 We observe from the above example that, the Interest cannot be calculated without Principal, Rate and Time.

Therefore, we can conclude that Simple Interest (S.I.) depends upon:

(i) Principal (P) (ii) Rate (R) (iii) Time (T)

And therefore, the formula for calculating the simple interest is Simple Interest (SI) = {Principal (P) × Rate (R) × Time (T)}/100

Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Interest (I) Principal (P) = Amount (A) – Interest (I) Interest (I) = Amount (A) – Principal (P)

2. Richard deposits $ 5400 and got back an amount of $ 6000 after a year. Find the simple interest he got. Solution: Principal (P) = $ 5400, Amount (A) = $ 6000 Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) – Principal (P) = 6000 - 5400 = 600 Therefore, Richard got an interest of $ 600. 3. Seth invested a certain amount of money and got back an amount of $ 8400. If the bank paid an interest of $ 700, find the amount Sam invested. Solution: Amount (A) = $ 8400, Simple Interest (SI) = $ 700 Principal (P) = Amount (A) – Interest (I) = 8400 - 700 = 7700 Therefore, Seth invested $ 7700. 4. Diego deposited $ 10000 for 4 year at a rate of 6% p.a. Find the interest and amount Diego got. Solution: Principal (P) = $ 10000, Time (T) = 4 years, Rate (R) = 6% p.a. Simple Interest (SI) = {Principal (P) × Rate (R) × Time (T)}/100 = (10000 x 6 x 4)/100 = $ 2400 Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Interest (I) = 10000 + 2400 = $ 12400 The interest Diego got = $ 2400. Therefore, the amount Diego got $ 12400.

●  Simple Interest.

Word Problems on Simple Interest.

Factors Affecting Interest

In Simple Interest when the Time is given in Months and Days.

To find Principal when Time Interest and Rate are given.

To find Rate when Principal Interest and Time are given .

To find Time when Principal Interest and Rate are given.

Worksheet on Simple Interest.

Worksheet on Factors affecting Interest

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Simple Interest Word Problems Lesson

• Demonstrate an understanding of how to translate phrases into algebraic expressions and equations
• Learn the six-step method used for solving applications of linear equations
• Learn how to solve word problems that involve the simple interest formula "I = prt"

How to Solve Simple Interest Word Problems

Six-step method for solving word problems with linear equations in one variable.

• Read the problem and determine what you are asked to find
• If more than one unknown exists, we express the other unknowns in terms of this variable
• Write out an equation that describes the given situation
• Solve the equation
• State the answer using a nice clear sentence
• We need to make sure the answer is reasonable. In other words, if asked how many students were on a bus, the answer shouldn't be (-4) as we can't have a negative amount of students on a bus.

Solving Simple Interest Word Problems » I = prt

Skills Check:

Solve each word problem.

Lauren earns $550 per year in annual simple interest from a $10,000 investment. She invested part of the $10,000 in a savings account at 5% annual simple interest and the remainder in bonds paying 6% annual simple interest. How much did Lauren invest at each rate?

Please choose the best answer.

Ben is saving money for his welding certification. He deposited some money in a savings account paying 5% annual simple interest. Additionally, he deposited $1200 less than that amount in a CD paying 4% annual simple interest. Ben earns a total of $141 per year in interest from the two investments. How much did he invest at each rate?

April invested in a real estate fund that pays 6% annual simple interest. Additionally, she invested $6000 more than three times as much in corporate bonds that pay 5% annual simple interest. If April’s total interest per year is $825, how much did she invest at each rate?

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Simple Interest Problems

Key concepts.

• Simple interest, percent of interest and principal.
• Find simple interest.
• Find the percent of interest.
• Find the principal.

Solve simple interest problems

What is principal.

When an individual or business borrows a certain sum of money through a loan, the amount borrowed is referred to as the principal amount.

Example: Maddy wants to construct his house; the estimation was calculated to be $40000. He decides to borrow $10000 from the bank. This borrowed amount is termed as principal.

What is simple interest?

Simple interest is the method of calculating the interest amount for some principal amount of money. We generally borrow money from our siblings or friends when our pocket money gets exhausted or lend money. We use that money for our purpose and return it when we receive the next month’s pocket money to them. This is how lending and borrowing works at home.

But in the real world, money is not free to borrow. We often borrow money from banks in the form of a loan. During payback, apart from the loan amount, we pay an extra amount that depends on the loan amount and the time period for which we borrowed. This additional amount being paid is called simple interest.

What is percent of interest?

An interest rate is a percent used to calculate interest on the principal.

Maddy borrows $10000 at 4% interest for a period of two years.

Here, we understand that principal = $10000 and rate of interest = 4%.

Let us understand, what does 4% mean?

4% is written as 4/100

The banker here wants to convey that if Maddy borrows $100, then he must pay $4 extra during the payback. But, Maddy here borrows $10000.

The interest to be paid  = 10000 × 4%

                                                  = 10000 × 0.04

                                                  = $400.

Therefore, Maddy must pay $400 during the payback additionally along with the principal of $10000.

Find simple interest

Example 1: Ann opens a saving account with a deposit of $670. She will earn 1.5% interest each year on her money. How much interest will she earn over a period of 10 years? (assuming she does not add or take out any money).

Use the percent equation to find the amount of interest earned in one year.

We know that, part = percent × whole

Let us take the interest amount as I, part = I, percent = 1.5% and whole = amount deposited.

I = 1.5% × 670

I = 0.015 × 670

Step 2:Multiply the interest earned in one year by 10 to calculate the total interest Ann will earn over a 10-year period.

Total interest earned by Ann in 10 years = 10.05 × 10

                                                                 = 100.5

Therefore, Ann gets $100.5 in ten years’ time.

Example 2: Dave borrows $1500 to repair his house. He will pay off the loan after 3 years by paying back the principal plus 3.5% interest for each year. How much will he pay in interest, and how much will she pack back altogether

Let us take the interest amount as I, part = I, percent = 3.5% and whole = amount borrowed.

I = 3.5% × 1500

I = 0.035 × 1500

Step 2: Multiply the interest to be paid in one year by 3 to calculate the total interest Dave will have to pay over a 3-year period.

Total interest in 3 years = 52.5 × 3

                                      = 157.5

Total amount to be paid back = principal + interest

                                                               = 1500 + 157.5

                                                               = 1657.5

Therefore, the interest to be paid by Dave is $157.5, and the total amount altogether is $1657.5

Find the percent of interest

Example 1: A bank lends $4000 on loan to a businessman in simple interest. If he promises to pay $20 every month for a period of two years. What is the interest rate on the loan per annum?

Multiply the interest by 12 to get the interest for 1 year.

20 × 12 = $240

Interest to be paid in two years = 240 × 2

                                                   = $480.

Step 2: Use the percent equation to find the interest rate.

Here we understand that, part = interest, whole = principal and percent rate = p.

Let us take interest rate as p, which we are about to find.

Interest = interest rate × principal.

480 = p × 4000

Divide the equation by 4000 on both sides.

480/4000 = p

Express the decimal as a percent by multiplying by 100.

Therefore, the interest rate levied on the loan by the bank is 12%.

Example 2: A person deposits $5000 in a bank in simple interest; he finds $6200 after two years in the account. What is the rate of interest per annum?

Find the interest paid by the bank in those two years

Interest paid in two years = 6200 – 5000

                                          = $1200.

Interest paid in one year = 1200/2

Interest paid in one year = 600

600 = p × 5000

Divide the equation by 1200 on both sides.

600/5000 = p                       

Therefore, the interest rate levied on the deposit by the bank is 12%

Find the principal

Example 1: Brit opened a savings account that fetches him 4% interest. Brit estimates that assuming he neither adds to nor withdraws from his account, he will earn $300 in interest after 5 years. How much did Brit deposit when he opened the account?

Firstly, find the interest he earns in 1 year.

300 ÷ 4 = 75

Interest earned per year is $75.

Step 2: Use the percent equation to find the deposit or principal.

Let us take principal as p, which we are about to find.

Here we understand that, part = interest amount, whole = principal and percent = interest rate.

Interest amount per year = interest rate × principal.

75 = 4% × P

75 = 0.04 × P

Divide the equation by 0.04 on both sides.

75/0.04 = 0.04/0.04 =  × P

P × 1 =1875

Therefore, Brit deposits $1875 in the account at 4% simple interest to earn $300 interest over a period of 4 years.

Example 2: Alex borrowed money for school. He took out a loan that charges 5% simple interest. He will end up paying $800 in interest after 5 years. How much did Alex borrow for school?

800 ÷ 5 = 160

Interest earned per year is $160.

160 = 5% × P

160 = 0.05 × P

Divide the equation by 0.05 on both sides.

160/0.05 = 0.05/0.05 =  × P

P × 1 =3300

Therefore, Alex borrows $3300 for school at 5% simple interest over a period of 5 years and pays $800 interest.

• A bank lends $1000 at 2.5% in simple interest. After 5 years, how much money should be paid back to the bank?
• Adam borrows $6600 from his friend at 1.5% in simple interest; he promises to pay it back in 3 years. How much interest does he pay?
• Calculate the interest earned on lending $500 for two years at 3% per annum in simple interest?
• Greg pays $100 in interest per year for 8 years for borrowing $12000 in simple interest; what is the interest rate?   
• A bank asks to pay $50 per year for 2 years on borrowing $1000. Determine the rate of interest.
• A company lends Maya $4000. Every month she will pay $11.88 interest for 1 year. What is the interest rate?
• The interest earned at 2% is $320 for 2 years. What is the principal?
• The interest earned at 5% is $1000 for a period of 10 years. Determine the principal.
• Rebecca borrows money to pay for her medical expenses. She paid $400 over a period of 10 years borrowing at 2% in simple interest. How much did she borrow?
• Adam decided to deposit $8000 in a bank at a simple interest of 3% till 12 years so that he can use it for his business expansion later. How much money will he have in his account after 12 years, assuming that he neither draws nor adds any amount?

What have we learned?

• Understanding simple interest, percent of interest and principal.
• Finding simple interest.
• Finding the percent of interest.
• Finding the principal.

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WORD PROBLEMS ON SIMPLE INTEREST

Problem 1 :

Find the simple interest for 2 years on $2000 at 6% per year.

Formula for simple interest :

Substitute P = 2000,  t = 2 and r = 6% or 0.06.

I = 2000  ⋅  0.06  ⋅ 2

Problem 2 :

In simple interest, a sum of money doubles itself in 10 years. Find the number of years it will take to triple itself.

Let P be the sum of money invested.

Given : Sum of money doubles itself in 10 years.

Then, P will become 2P in 10 years.

Now we can calculate interest for ten years as given below

From the above calculation, P is the interest for the first 10 years.

In simple interest, interest earned will be same for every year.

So, interest earned in the next 10 years also will be P.

It has been explained below.

So, it will take 20 years for the principal to become triple itself.

Problem 3 :

In simple interest, a sum of money amounts to $ 6200 in 2 years and $ 7400 in 3 years. Find the principal.

At the end of 2 years, we get $6200.

At the end of 3 years, we get $7400.

From these two information, we can get the interest earned in the 3rd year as given below.

In simple interest, interest will be same for every year.

Based on this, we can calculate the principal as given below

So, the principal is $3800.

Problem 4 :

A sum of $46875 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 1 year 8 months, the total amount was $50000.Find the rate of interest per year.

From the given information, we have

P = 46875 and A = 50000

Interest = Amount - Principal

I = 50000 - 46875

The value of n must always be in years. But in the question, it is given in both years and months.

To convert months to years, divide the given months by 12.

1 year 8 months = 1 ⁸⁄₁₂ years or 1 ⅔  years

So, the value of t  is  1 ⅔ or ⁵⁄₃ .

Substitute P = 46875 and t  = ⁵⁄₃ .

3125 = 46875 ⋅  r  ⋅   ⁵⁄₃

3125 = 78125  ⋅  r

Divide both sides by 78125.

0.04  ⋅ 100% = r

Problem 5 :

Find the accumulated value of the deposit $2500 made in simple interest for 3.5 years at 5% rate of interest per year.

First let us find the interest earned and then we can find the accumulated value.

I = Pr t  

Substitute P = 2500, t = 3.5 and r = 0.05.

I = 2500  ⋅  0.05  ⋅  3.5

Accumulated value :

A = 2500 + 437.50

A = $2937.50

Problem 6 :

How much interest will be earned on $3000 at 7% simple interest per year for 9 months ?

I = Pr t ----(1)

Substitute P = 3000 and r = 7%.

The value of n must always be in years. But in the question, it is given in months. 

9 months = ⁹⁄₁₂  years or ¾ years

In (1), substitute P = 3000, r = 0.07 and t = ¾ .

I = 3000  ⋅ 0.07 ⋅   ¾

I = $157.50

Problem 7 :

What sum of money will produce $28600 as interest in 3 years and 3 months at 2.5% per year simple interest ?

The value of n must always be in years. But in the question, it is given in both years and months. 

3 years 3 months = 3 ³⁄₁₂ years or 3 ¼  years

n =  3 ¼   or ¹³⁄₄

Substitute I = 28600, r = 0.025 and t =  ¹³⁄₄ in (1)

28600 = P  ⋅  0.025  ⋅  ¹³⁄₄

2860000 = P  ⋅  0.025  ⋅ 3.25

2860000 = P  ⋅  8.125

Divide both sides by 8.125.

Required sum of money is $352,000.

Problem 8 :

Mr. Abraham  invested an amount of $13900 divided in two different schemes A and B at the simple interest rate of 14% p.a. and 11% p.a. respectively. If the total amount of simple interest earned in 2 years be $ 3508, what was the amount invested in Scheme B ?

Let m be the amount invested in scheme B. 

Then the amount invested in scheme A = 13900 - m.

Interest in scheme (A) + Interest in scheme (B) = 3508 

(13900 - m)  ⋅  0.14  ⋅  2 + m  ⋅  0.11  ⋅  2 = 3508

(13900 - m)  ⋅  0.28  +  0.22m = 3508

3892 - 0.28m  +  0.22m = 3508

3892 - 0.06m = 3508

3892 - 3508 = 0.06m

384 = 0.06m

m = 6400 

The amount invested in scheme B is $6,400.

Problem 9 :

Lily took a loan of $1200 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If she paid $432 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?

Let m be the rate of interest. 

Given :  The rate of interest and the number of years are same.

Then, the number of years = m.

Formula  for simple interest :

Substitute I = 432, P = 1200, r = 0.01m and t = m. 

432 = 1200  ⋅  0.01m  ⋅  m

432 = 12m 2

Divide both sides by 12.

The rate of interest is 6%.

Problem 10 :

A lent $5000 to B for 2 years and $3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of interest and received $2200 in all from both of them as interest. Find the rate of interest per year.

Let m be the rate of interest.

Interest from B + Interest from C = 2200

5000  ⋅  0.01m  ⋅  2  + 3000  ⋅  0.01m  ⋅  4 = 2200

100m  + 120m = 2200

220m = 2200

Divide both sides by 220.

The rate of interest is 10%.

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We can’t avoid stress completely, but there are ways to stop it from becoming overwhelming. Stress affects people in different ways. Feeling overwhelmed, increased anxiety, irritability, and fatigue are some of the effects that people experience.  

Try to recognize the signs that you need a break and take steps to stop stress before it builds up – a short walk, a cup of tea or a breathing exercise can really make a difference. By doing so, you’re helping bring your body back into balance and preventing stress from building up, which can lead to burnout. 

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One of the negative consequences of accumulated stress is burnout. Burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that results from prolonged exposure to stressors or situations that are emotionally demanding. It is emotional exhaustion. 

Burnout includes many symptoms that can be both physical and emotional, such as: 

• Feeling tired most of the time 
• Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much 
• Reduced performance 
• Concentration and memory problems 
• Inability to make decisions 
• Muscle tension 
• Getting sick more often, frequent headache or upset stomach 
• Restlessness 
• Loss of empathy 

If you relate to any of these symptoms, it could be a sign that you may be on the verge of burning out or being burned out. It is a sign that it’s time to pause, seek support from those around you, and focus on self-care. If you feel that you need further support, do not hesitate to reach out to a professional who can help you to prioritize self-care and explore how to manage stress.

Relaxation techniques for parents 

Your breathing affects your whole body. When you feel stressed or worried, your body can become tense and your breathing speeds up. You can use breathing techniques to help you calm down. It can be very helpful to spend two to three minutes breathing deeply a couple of times a day to help you feel calm.  

These exercises can be done anywhere, anytime. 

Deep breathing

Try to breathe in slowly and deeply to fill your lungs with air. Then breathe out slowly and fully. You can count to five on each inhale and exhale to help you breathe slowly. Try practicing this for two to three minutes. If you are doing this with your children, explain that when they inhale, they are blowing up their tummy softly like a balloon, and when they exhale the air is going slowly out of the balloon again. 

Listen to your breath

It can be helpful to listen to your breath as the air goes in and out. You can put a hand on your stomach and feel it rise and fall with each breath. Listen to your breath for a while.  

Add gentle movement

Drop your hands below your waist and keep your palms facing up. Slowly raise your hands as you breathe in through your nose. Stop when your hands are about shoulder level. Slowly lower your hands as you breathe out through your mouth.  

The importance of self-care 

Self-care is any activity that we do intentionally in order to take care of our mental, emotional and physical health. Although it’s a simple concept, it’s something we can often overlook.  

Good self-care is key to an improved mood and reduced anxiety. A self-care activity can be as simple as taking the time to enjoy a cup of tea, listen to your favourite music or go outside for a walk. Think about some simple activities that re-energize you.  

Self-care needs to be something you actively plan, rather than something that just happens. Add certain activities to your calendar, announce your plans to others in order to increase your commitment, and actively look for opportunities to practice self-care. See if you can incorporate self-care activities into your day with the support of those around you. 

Self-care is key to preventing burnout!    > Read: How mental health experts practice self-care in their families  

Positivity, problem-solving and play 

When you are facing challenging times, it can be difficult to feel hopeful that things can improve. But it is important to remind yourself that you do have control over different aspects of your life and that you can bring about change. When we feel hopeful, it helps us to focus on change, look to the future, and actively look for solutions to the difficulties we may face.  

If you are facing a problem, try to write down as many ways of overcoming it as you can. Then think about the pros and cons of each solution and which ones would be easier to put into practice. Sometimes you will need to try more than one solution. If a problem seems too big to take on, try breaking it down into smaller tasks to make it more manageable.  

It is important to remember that you are not alone and that others can play an important role in helping us. Don’t wait to ask others for help if you are feeling overwhelmed. Speak to a friend or family member who can support. Try to find ways to include your children in age-appropriate tasks around the home – it can be a great way to connect, help children develop skills and take some of the pressure off you.  

Playing with your children is a proven way to relieve stress. Whether it’s playing a game, dancing or singing together, when you’re enjoying fun moments and laughing together, your body releases endorphins that promote a feeling of well-being. Even short periods of play can help remind adults of their ability to support their child, as well as provide a happy distraction from whatever else is on your mind.  

> Read: How play strengthens your child’s mental health  

Don’t hesitate to seek professional help 

If you are finding it difficult to cope, consider meeting with a trained expert who can help. Your family doctor or a counsellor should be able to advise you on your options, such as time with a psychologist who helps people to manage stress and establish positive mental health habits.  

Don’t be afraid to seek professional help. If stress is affecting your life, then it is important to get help as soon as possible, so you can start feeling better. 

Remember that children look up to adults, so taking steps to manage stress sets a positive example for how your children should take care of themselves now and in the future. 

Developed with support from  LEGO Foundation .

Mental health and well-being

Tips and resources to help you support your child and yourself

Mental health explained

Learn about common mental health terms and conditions and how to support your family’s well-being

Self-care for parents

How mental health experts with kids look after their own well-being

What is postpartum depression?

Learn about the signs and how to find support

More From Forbes

Ai power consumption: rapidly becoming mission-critical.

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Big Tech is spending tens of billions quarterly on AI accelerators, which has led to an exponential increase in power consumption. Over the past few months, multiple forecasts and data points reveal soaring data center electricity demand, and surging power consumption. The rise of generative AI and surging GPU shipments is causing data centers to scale from tens of thousands to 100,000-plus accelerators, shifting the emphasis to power as a mission-critical problem to solve.

Increasing Power Consumption Per Chip

As Nvidia, AMD, and soon Intel begin to roll out their next generation of AI accelerators, the focus is now shifting towards power consumption per chip, whereas the focus has been primarily on compute and memory. As each new generation boosts computing performance, it also consumes more power than its predecessor, meaning that as shipment volumes rise, so does total power demand.

This photograph taken in Paris on February 23, 2024 shows a US multinational Nvidia's graphic ... [+] processing unit (GPU). Global equities pushed higher on February 23 as investors digested a record-breaking week powered by US technology titan Nvidia's blockbuster results and the artificial intelligence boom. (Photo by JOEL SAGET / AFP) (Photo by JOEL SAGET/AFP via Getty Images)

Nvidia’s A100 max power consumption is 250W with PCIe and 400W with SXM (Server PCIe Express Module), and the H100’s power consumption is up to 75% higher versus the A100. With PCIe, the H100 consumes 300-350W, and with SXM, up to 700W. The 75% increase in GPU power consumption happened rapidly, within two brief years, across one generation of GPUs.

When we look at other GPUs on the market today, AMD’s MI250 accelerators draw 500W of power, up to 560W at peak, while the MI300x consumes 750W at peak, up to a 50% increase. Intel’s Gaudi 2 accelerator consumes 600W, and its successor, the Gaudi 3, consumes 900W, again another 50% increase over the previous generation. Intel’s upcoming hybrid AI processor, codenamed Falcon Shores , is expected to consume a whopping 1,500W of power per chip, the highest on the market.

Nvidia’s upcoming Blackwell generation boosts power consumption even further, with the B200 consuming up to 1,200W, and the GB200 (which combines two B200 GPUs and one Grace CPU) expected to consume 2,700W. This represents up to a 300% increase in power consumption across one generation of GPUs with AI systems increasing power consumption at a higher rate . SXM allows the GPUs to operate beyond the PCIe bus restrictions, offer higher memory bandwidth, high data throughput and higher speeds for maximal HPC and AI performance, thus drawing more power.

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It’s important to note that each subsequent generation is likely to be more power-efficient than the last generation, such as the H100 reportedly boasting 3x better performance-per-watt than the A100, meaning it can deliver more TFLOPS per watt and complete more work for the same power consumption. However, GPUs are becoming more powerful in order to support trillion-plus large language models. The result is that AI requires more power consumption with each future generation of AI acceleration.

Big Tech’s AI Ambitions Lead to Surging GPU Shipments

From Big Tech’s perspective, we’re still in the early stages of this AI capex cycle. Most recently, we covered how Big Tech is boosting capex by more than 35% YoY in 2024, likely upwards of $200 billion to $210 billion, predominantly for AI infrastructure. The majority is flowing to GPU purchases and custom silicon, to power AI training, model development, and to meet elevated demand in the cloud.

2023 was a breakout year for Nvidia’s data center GPUs, with reports placing annual shipments at 3.76 million, for an increase of more than 1.1 million units YoY. A report stated that at peak of 700W and ~61% annual utilization, each GPU would draw 3.74 MWh; this means that Nvidia’s 3.76 million GPU shipments could consume as much 14,384 GWh (14.38 TWh). A separate report estimated that with 3.5 million H100 shipments through 2023 and 2024, that H100 alone could see total power consumption of 13.1 TWh annually.

The 14.4 TWh is equivalent to the annual power needs of more than 1.3 million households in the US. This also does not include AMD, Intel, or any of Big Tech’s custom silicon, nor does it take into account existing GPUs deployed or upcoming Blackwell shipments in 2024 and 2025. As such, the total energy consumption is likely to be far higher by the end of the year as Nvidia’s Blackwell generation comes online in larger quantities.

To read more about Nvidia’s upcoming Blackwell architecture, reference our previous analysis: Nvidia Q1 Earnings Preview: Blackwell and the $200B Data Center . If you own AI stocks, or are looking to own AI stocks and want to learn more, we encourage you to attend our upcoming weekly webinar, held this Thursday at 4:30 pm EST. Learn more here .

A Path to Million GPU Scale

Nvidia and other industry executives have laid out a path for GPU clusters in data centers to scale from the tens of thousands of GPUs per cluster to the hundred-thousand-plus range, even up to the millions of GPUs by 2027 and beyond. We’re already seeing signs of strong demand for Nvidia’s Blackwell platform, but overall, the million-plus GPU data center target is still years away.

Oracle’s Chairman Larry Ellison sees this creating secular tailwinds for data center construction, due to both rising GPU demand and increased power requirements driving a shift to liquid cooling:

“This AI race is going to go on for a long time. It's not a matter of getting ahead, just simply getting ahead in AI, but you also have to keep your model current. And that's going to take larger and larger data centers. … The data centers we are building include the power plants and the transmission of the power directly into the data center and liquid cooling. And because these modern data centers are moving from air cooled to liquid cooled, and you have to engineer them from scratch. And that's what we've been doing for some time. And that's what we'll continue to do.”

As the industry progresses towards that million-GPU scale, this puts more emphasis on future generations of AI accelerators to focus on power consumption and efficiency while delivering increasing levels of compute. Data centers are expected to adopt liquid cooling technologies to meet the cooling requirements to house these increasingly large GPU clusters.

For more information on investing in AI, check out our 1-hour interview “ AI is the Best Opportunity of our Lifetime .”

AI Electricity Demand Forecast to Surge

As a result of booming demand for generative AI and for GPUs, AI’s electricity demand is forecast to surge, especially in the data center. We have a handful of different viewpoints and analyst projections that, while differing slightly in the timelines, all point to that same conclusion.

For example, Morgan Stanley is estimating global data center power use will triple this year, from ~15 TWh in 2023 to ~46 TWh in 2024. This coincides with the ramp of Nvidia’s Blackwell chip later in the year as well as utilization of the entirety of its deployed Hopper GPUs, and increased shipments from AMD and custom silicon ramps from Big Tech.

Morgan Stanley also projects generative AI power demand may exceed 2022’s data center power usage by 2027 if GPU utilization rates are high, at ~90% on average; however, their base case still calls for a nearly 5x increase in power demand over the next three years.

Morgan Stanley calls for a nearly 5x increase in generative AI power demand over the next three ... [+] years in their base case scenario.

Wells Fargo is projecting AI power demand to surge 550% by 2026, from 8 TWh in 2024 to 52 TWh, before rising another 1,150% to 652 TWh by 2030. This is a remarkable 8,050% growth from their 2024 projected level. AI training is expected to drive the bulk of this demand, at 40 TWh in 2026 and 402 TWh by 2030, with inference’s power demand accelerating at the end of the decade. In this model, the 652 TWh projection is more than 16% of the current total electricity demand in the US.

Wells Fargo is projecting AI power demand to surge 550% by 2026, from 8 TWh in 2024 to 52 TWh, ... [+] before rising another 1,150% to 652 TWh by 2030

The Electric Power Research Institute forecasts that data centers may see their electricity consumption more than double by 2030, reaching 9% of total electricity demand in the US. The IEA is projecting global electricity demand from AI, data centers and crypto to rise to 800 TWh in 2026 in its base case scenario, a nearly 75% increase from 460 TWh in 2022. The agency’s high case scenario calls for demand to more than double to 1,050 TWh.

. The IEA is projecting global electricity demand from AI, data centers and crypto to rise to 800 ... [+] TWh in 2026 in its base case scenario, a nearly 75% increase from 460 TWh in 2022.

Arm’s executives also see data center demand rising significantly: CEO Rene Haas said that without improvements in efficiency, "by the end of the decade, AI data centers could consume as much as 20% to 25% of U.S. power requirements. Today that’s probably 4% or less." CMO Ami Badani reiterated Haas’ view that that data centers could account for 25% of US power consumption by 2030 based on surging demand for AI chatbots and AI training.

How the Supply Chain is Addressing Power Requirements:

Taiwan Semiconductor is an example of a supply chain company that plays a crucial role here, as its most advanced nodes tout lower power consumption and increased performance, which is why AI accelerators will soon shift from primarily being produced on the 5nm node to the 3nm node and eventually 2nm.

Here’s what we said previously in our free newsletter about TSMC :

“ At the foundry level, the 3nm process offers 15% better performance than the 5nm process when power level and transistors are equal. TSMC also states the 3nm process can lower power consumption by as much as 30%. The die sizes are also an estimated 42% smaller than the 5nm. …

N3E is the baseline for IP design with 18% increased performance and 34% power reduction, N3P has higher performance and lower power consumption , whereas the N3X will offer high-performance computing with very high performance but with up to 250% power leakage .

The 2nm will be the first node to use gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAAFETs), which will increase chip density. The GAA nanosheet transistors have channels surrounded by gates on all sides to reduce leakage, yet will also uniquely widen the channels to provide a performance boost. There will be another option to narrow the channels to optimize power cost. The goal is to increase the performance-per-watt to enable higher levels of output and efficiency. The N2 node is expected to be faster while requiring less power with an increase of performance by 10%-15% and lower power consumption of 25%-30%.”

CEO C.C. Wei noted in Q1’s call that TSMC’s “ customers are working with TSMC for the next node. Even for the next, next node, they have to move fast because, as I said, the power consumption has to be considered in the AI data center. So the energy-efficient is fairly important. So our 3-nanometer is much better than the 5-nanometer. And again, it will be improved in the 2-nanometer . So all I can say is all my customers are working on this kind of a trend from 4-nanometer to 3 to 2.”

The power problem is being addressed throughout the supply chain, from TSMC’s chip designs to renewable energy power agreements for Big Tech’s data centers. It’ll likely require the industry to move in tandem due to the sheer pace of GPU upgrades from Nvidia, soon AMD and possibly Intel.

We’re covering how another critical part of the supply chain is working to address power consumption this week for our premium members. Learn more here .

AI power demand is forecast to rise at a rapid rate. GPU demand is showing no signs of slowing as Big Tech continues to spend billions on AI infrastructure, with each GPU generation seeing higher peak power consumption. The industry is quickly taking steps to address this, and power consumption, or more specifically, power efficiency per chip, looks to be emerging as the third realm of competition.

We’ve covered the first two realms of competitions, raw computing power and memory, extensively in previous analysis, including “ Here’s Why Nvidia will Reach $10 Trillion in Market Cap .” We think it’s important to keep a keen eye on this space as new winners will emerge as AI power consumption becomes mission critical.

Please note: The I/O Fund conducts research and draws conclusions for the company’s portfolio. We then share that information with our readers and offer real-time trade notifications. This is not a guarantee of a stock’s performance and it is not financial advice. Please consult your personal financial advisor before buying any stock in the companies mentioned in this analysis. Beth Kindig and the I/O Fund own shares in NVDA and AMD at the time of writing and may own stocks pictured in the charts.

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