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The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Germany in 2024

Browse all phd programmes in germany.

• Oct-Sep Academic Year
• 71 Listed Institutes
• 72 Ranked Universities
• 369,000 Int. Students
• 3,280,000 Students
• 83,884,000 Population

Why study in Germany

If you're looking to study at a university in Germany , you will find a wealth of study options, from world-renowned technical universities to vibrant cultural hubs, ensuring a well-rounded educational experience. Its education has a strong research focus, clearly imposed high standards, a more traditional and hierarchical approach to lectures and seminars, and a highly competitive application system.  

There are over 400 higher education institutions in Germany , of which dozens feature in the World University Rankings. In Europe, German universities have always been highly regarded. And ‘always’, in this case, means since 1386 when they opened the first university in Heidelberg. And today, they care about higher education just as much: each year, Germany spends an average of 14,200 USD for each student (an amount higher than the OECD average of 11,800 USD). 

Why do international students choose to study in Germany?

1. Free higher education for international students 

Most public universities are free for all students , regardless of nationality, so many international students choose to study in Germany. However, getting in is not easy; the number of places is limited, and speaking German is usually necessary. On the other hand, private universities offer English-taught programmes, which are easier to get into, but also have quite expensive fees.  

2. Different types of study programmes for different fields of study  

In Germany, higher education is structured by fields of study and the specific goals of each degree. This means students benefit from clear career paths due to their specialised training and opportunities for professional development.  

3. Perfect place to study if you’re into Tech, Engineering, Arts, or Humanities 

German universities have consistently performed well in the field of Engineering & Technology . The country has a strong industrial and technological base which, combined with the strong partnerships between universities and industry, leads to high-performing, innovative study programmes perfect for tech enthusiasts.  

At the same time, German universities also excel in fields like philosophy, literature, and history. Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger are just some German names that changed these fields forever.  

Culture in Germany

German people place a high value on being on time and getting things done in an organised manner. They are also hardworking and appreciate good discipline, while their communication style is direct. You will also find that Germans care a lot about social justice and environmental protection, and the country has many initiatives and programs in place to promote sustainability and social responsibility. 

Cultural diversity in Germany  

Germany is among the biggest countries in Europe and the second most populous on the continent (with a population of more than 83 million people). Its position in the continent's heart exposed it continuously to cultural influences: northern and southern, eastern and western-European.  

Germany reflects its complex history and regional differences. Generally, western Germany has a slightly higher quality of life and salaries than eastern Germany. At the same time, religion is less important in the East than in the West, and there are lower living costs. Some of the major cities in the East include Berlin, Leipzig, and Dresden. 

There are also cultural differences between the North and the South. The south is known for its traditional Bavarian culture, with lederhosen, dirndls (traditional clothes), and a strong beer culture. The north tends to be more international, with cities like Berlin and Hamburg known for their art scenes, nightlife, and fashion. 

Each region has its own distinct traditions, dialects, and culinary specialities. For example, Bavaria is known for its traditional folk costumes, beer festivals, and hearty cuisine, while the Rhineland is known for its carnival celebrations and love of wine. 

Different cultures in Germany 

The country is home to many different ethnic groups, including Turkish, Poles, Russians, Italians, Romanians and others. Each of these groups has its own unique cultural traditions, languages, and customs, which contribute to the overall cultural diversity of the country. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the largest immigrant population in Germany is from Turkey, with more than 1,4 million people as of December 2021. Naturally, Turkish is the most commonly spoken immigrant language; in many schools, students can study it as a second language and even choose it as a subject for the Abitur (the German exam taken at the end of high school before they can continue to university). 

Languages spoken in Germany 

The main language spoken in Germany is called German or "Deutsch" (not to be mistaken with Dutch, which is spoken in the Netherlands). In school, most Germans learn the so-called "Standarddeutsch" or "Hochdeutsch," the standard or high form of German. However, there are many different accents and dialects spoken throughout the country. 

Aside from German, several other languages are spoken in Germany due to its diverse population and history. Some of the most common are English, Turkish, Polish, Arabian, and Russian. You can get by knowing only one of these languages, especially English, which is taught in schools, and Turkish, which has a large immigrant population speaking it, but your experience will be limited. If you want to move past basic day-to-day activities or situations and want to enjoy socialising, as well as full work and study opportunities , then you need to learn German.  

German food culture 

Germany is known for its love of pork, beef, and sausages, served in hearty dishes, with potatoes, vegetables, and bread. Some of the most well-known German dishes include: 

• Schnitzel - Thin, breaded and fried cutlets of meat, usually pork or veal, served with a side of potatoes, vegetables or salad. 
• Sausages - Germany is famous for its many types of sausages, including bratwurst, weisswurst, and currywurst, often served with mustard and bread or potato salad. 
• Sauerkraut - This is fermented cabbage commonly served as a side dish with meat. 
• Spätzle - Noodles often served as a side dish with meat, stews or gravies. 
• Pretzels - A soft, chewy bread often served as a snack with mustard or cheese. 
• Black Forest Cake - A chocolate cake layered with cherries and whipped cream, named after the Black Forest region of Germany. 

Overall, German food culture is diverse and flavourful, and many German cities and regions also have unique specialities and local dishes. 

Weather in Germany  

Germany has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. However, there are some regional variations. In summer, temperatures can reach up to 25-30°C (77-86°F), especially towards the south of the country where it’s warmer. In fact, the southwest has a Mediterranean climate so you can even see exotic trees like lemons, kiwis, and figs. In winter, on the other hand, temperatures below the freezing point and snowfall are not uncommon, particularly in the Bavarian Alps and the Black Forest.  

How to choose a university in Germany?

The first thing you should know when thinking about how to choose a university in Germany is that there are four types of higher education institutions, each with its own particularities: 

1. Universities. They have a strong focus on theoretical knowledge and research. 

2. Universities of applied sciences. These universities have a practical approach to learning. Their most common fields of study are Technology, Business, Social Services, and Media. 

3. Colleges of Art, Film, and Music. These universities are entirely dedicated to the study and practice of Art, Film, and Music; typically, there is a talent-based admission test, and specially gifted people might get in even if they don’t fulfil the other requirements.  

4. Cooperative universities. These universities combine academic learning with practical work in a company (they offer dual study programmes – duale hochschulen) 

Deciding where you want to study is a deeply personal choice, but there are a few general ideas you should consider, like your budget, the language requirements, or the location of the university. To simplify things, we’ve compiled a list of the main aspects to remember when deciding which German university is right for you. 

Choosing a university checklist: 

1. Depending on what you wish to study, find out which type of higher education institution offers the programme you’re interested in: universities, universities of applied sciences, colleges of art, film, and music, or cooperative universities.  

2. Check the language of instruction: German is the primary language of instruction at most universities in Germany, although there are some programmes taught in English . 

3. Consider the key differences between different locations in Germany: 

• East vs West: The East is a bit less wealthy than the West but has lower living costs.  
• North vs South: The south is known for the traditional Bavarian culture, while the north tends to be more international. 
• Rural vs Urban: many students choose to study in rural areas like Bayreuth, Göttingen, or Tübingen for a quieter lifestyle and access to outdoor activities. However, urban areas offer more opportunities for internships, jobs, and cultural events. 

4. Choose between public and private universities: public ones have free tuition fees but are much harder to get into and most likely have programmes taught in German; private ones have tuition fees that are quite expensive but will likely have programmes in English, and it’s easier to be admitted into one.  

5. Read student reviews to learn how other students feel at that university. If you access a programme of study on our portal , you can read tens of student reviews for each study programme. And if you're still in doubt, try chatting with students who are currently studying at universities you are interested in.  

>>> There are plenty of international study programmes to choose from on Studyportals:  2000 study programmes in Germany .  

What are the best universities in Germany 

Known for their high academic standards, strong focus on research, and emphasis on theoretical education, 59 universities in Germany feature in the most important World Rankings . Here are the top 5 universities in Germany:

• Technical University of Munich .Known for its strength in engineering and technology, the university also strongly focuses on interdisciplinary research and international collaborations. It is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in Germany and Europe.
• Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich . As one of the oldest universities in Germany, LMU has a strong reputation for research in a wide range of fields, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is located in the heart of Munich, known for its vibrant cultural scene and high quality of life.
• Heidelberg University . Located in the charming university town of Heidelberg, this university has a long history of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its research in medicine, natural sciences, and humanities.
• Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin . This university is a medical school, one of the largest and most prestigious medical institutions in Europe. It strongly focuses on research and innovation in healthcare and is located in the vibrant city of Berlin.
• Humboldt University Berlin . Founded in 1810, Humboldt University has a long tradition of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its strengths in humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences and is located in the heart of Berlin.

>>> The full list of university rankings in Germany .

What are the top student hubs in Germany

When you think of studying in Germany, the first place that comes to mind might be the dynamic and rapidly evolving Berlin, and it sure is a worthy destination. But Germany has quite a variety of student hubs that you should absolutely consider.

Berlin. The German capital is cosmopolitan, welcoming to international students and ex-pats, and more affordable than other capitals in central and western Europe. It is also home to several prestigious universities, including Humboldt University, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin.

München . München, the third largest city in Germany, hosts the famous Oktoberfest celebration and is considered a hub of technology, art, culture, and business. On top of that, you will have a lot of opportunities to do awesome outdoor activities . It is also home to the top two universities in the country, as per the latest rankings : the Technical University of München and Ludwig Maximilian University.

Heidelberg. In Heidelberg, you can find the oldest university in Germany, dating from the 14th century: Heidelberg University. The city sits between a river and a forest, with its own castle ruins, old bridge, Gothic churches, and funicular railroads.  The historic city is one of the most beautiful in Germany.

Rhine - Ruhr region. This region is the largest metropolitan area in Germany and is an international, industrial, and educational hub. The area sits in the country's West and includes large cities like Düsseldorf , Köln , and Dortmund . In the Ruhr area alone, there are 22 universities, which makes it the area with the largest number of higher education institutions in Germany.

Overall, each of these student hubs in Germany offers a unique and distinct experience for students, with different cultural, historical, and natural attractions to explore.

Tuition Fees in Germany

Tuition fees in Germany depend on the type of university you attend – public or private – and on your level of study – undergraduate, postgraduate or doctorate degree.  

Public universities are free for all undergraduate students, meaning there are no tuition fees for international students. The only cost is a small administration fee of 265 EUR per year. 

For Master’s degrees, the situation is a little different. MAs are free only if you completed your Bachelor’s in Germany and your MA is in the same field of study. PhDs are usually free. 

The only exception to this rule is the Baden-Wurttemberg area (which includes the cities of Freiburg and Stuttgart) , which has tuition fees for students outside the EU. Even in this area, some universities (e.g. The University of Stuttgart ) allow you to apply for a tuition fee waiver if you’re going through financial hardship, or request a tuition fee reimbursement if your financial status changes and you start having difficulties after you’ve already paid.  

Private universities are paid . Tuition fees reach up to tens of thousands of euros per year. The average for a Bachelor’s degree is between 10,000 and 15,000 EUR per year, while a Master’s varies between 10,000 and 20,000 EUR per year. However, some universities can have tuition as high as 50-60,000 EUR, like Bard University from Berlin. 

>>> Use the ‘Tuition fee’ filter on the left menu of our Bachelor’s , Master’s , or PhD   search pages to find the programme best suited for your budget. You can also sort the list of available programmes by Lowest tuition fee by clicking the top right Sort button. 

Learn about tuition fee insurance for international students and why it's useful . 

Can I study in Germany for free?

Yes, you can access free education in Germany for international students, and this is a big attraction point for students who want to study abroad in Europe. However, there are a few restrictions to accessing tuition-free programmes: 

• You must study at a public university 
• Undergraduate and PhD programmes are free, but the only way to study a Master’s in Germany for free is if you completed a BA in that country and your MA is in the same field of study as your BA.  
• There is an exception to the rule: public universities in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg area have tuition fees for non-EU international students. Some of the best universities here are:  
• Heidelberg University  
• University of Tübingen  
• University of Freiburg  
• Ulm University  
• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  
• University of Mannheim  
• University of Hohenheim  
• University of Konstanz  

Financial Aid and Scholarships in Germany

Because higher education in Germany is mostly free, there are not so many scholarships available. The main organisation offering scholarships and awards is Begabtenförderungswerke - scholarships for gifted students . 

This is a group of 13 scholarship providers supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 

Types of scholarships on offer

There are several types of financial aid and scholarships available in Germany , and to choose which ones are best fitted for you, you should keep in mind a few factors: eligibility, requirements, what kind of support they offer, and whether that meets your needs, how difficult is the application process, and how competitive is the award.   

These are the main scholarship types in Germany: 

DAAD Scholarships: The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) offers a wide range of scholarships for international students and researchers to study or conduct research in Germany. 

Deutschlandstipendium: This is a merit-based scholarship that provides financial support to highly talented students enrolled in a degree program at a German university. 

Erasmus+ Scholarships: The Erasmus+ program provides scholarships for students from EU member states to study or conduct research abroad, including in Germany. 

StipendiumPlus: This is a scholarship program funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that provides financial support to talented and committed students who face challenging social or personal circumstances. 

Foundations and organisations: Many private foundations and organisations in Germany also offer scholarships to students based on academic merit, financial need, or other criteria. 

Where you can find scholarships

An excellent starting point when figuring out where to apply for scholarships is the Mastersportal search for scholarships in Germany .  

Other credible sources with up-to-date information about scholarships and financial aid: 

• Studyportals Scholarship – International Distinction Award, open to all international students – see FAQ about the award here. 
• Your preferred university's official website . They will likely award scholarships themselves or recommend partner organisations where to apply for financial aid.  
• Funding programmes for musicians and artists . If your area of study is art, music or film, you can also look into accessing a programme that supports artists and musicians.  

How to apply 

Once you’ve researched and shortlisted the scholarships you want to apply to, it’s time to get going with the actual application. Applying for a foreign university scholarship may be intimidating, but if you follow these steps, it won’t be that hard: 

• Check the eligibility criteria: ensure you meet all the requirements, including academic achievements, nationality, age, field of study, and more. Applying for a bursary or a university grant may have different rules from applying for a scholarship. 
• Gather the required documents: Financial aid providers all have a how-to-apply for university funding or scholarship page. This is the place to find and check what documents you need, things like transcripts, a motivation letter for applying to the scholarship , and recommendation letters. 
• Complete the application: pay attention as you fill out the scholarship application form to ensure you include all required information. 
• Submit the application: a very important step, take a deep breath and click submit! 
• Wait for a response: this may be harder than it sounds. But if you are shortlisted, you will probably be called for an interview or asked to provide additional information. See our advice on how to do well in a scholarship interview.  
• Accept the scholarship: the best part! If you are selected, read through the terms and conditions and accept the scholarship offer if you are happy with the terms. 

What to include in your application 

The specific requirements for a scholarship application will vary depending on the type of financial aid or scholarship and the program you are applying to. However, a scholarship application will always ask you to explain why you are applying for financial aid and how it will help you achieve your academic and career goals. This is usually done in a motivation letter or a request letter for your scholarship application, and it is the most important element of your application. That’s why it’s essential to Learn how to write a motivation letter for your scholarship .  

Other information to include in your application will likely be: 

• Personal information 
• Academic background, such as your academic transcripts, degrees, and certificates 
• Letters of recommendation, typically provided by teachers, professors, or employers who can vouch for your academic abilities and potential 
• Financial Information 
• Essays or writing samples that demonstrate your writing skills and ability to think critically. 
• Other supporting materials, such as a portfolio of work or a list of awards and honours 

Interested in scholarships for Germany? Check out our scholarship search page.

Apply to university in Germany

How to apply.

The easiest way to apply to a German university as an international student is through Uni-Assist .  This service guides you step by step as you put together your application, it evaluates your certificates and sends your application to the university you’re interested in.

How much does it cost to apply to university?

The cost for the service is 75 EUR for the first application and 15 EUR for subsequent applications.

Can you apply directly to a university?

The alternative to Uni-Assist is to apply directly at the university and contact their International Office for assistance.

There are also differences between public and private universities. At public universities, admissions are regulated by “numerus clausus,”   a numbers-based system determining the number of available places on a programme. It doesn’t matter how good students are; the set number will be respected. Also, admission is based on high school marks, so again, the numbers will determine whether you get in or not.

However, demand is not as high for private universities because of their tuition fees, so getting in is considerably easier.

What’s the structure of the German academic year

The academic year in Germany generally runs from October 1st to September 30th of the following year and is divided into two main semesters:

1. Wintersemester : from October 1st to March 31st

The lecture period typically begins in mid-October and ends in mid-February, while the examination period typically lasts from late February to mid-March

There is also a semester break, usually from mid-February to mid-April

2. Sommersemester: from April 1st to September 30th

The lecture period typically begins in mid-April and ends in late July, with the examination period lasting from late July until mid-August. The semester break takes place from mid-August to mid-October.

There are also three extra short breaks during the academic year:

• Christmas break: around Christmas and New Year time in late December - beginning of January.
• Easter break: it depends on when Easter falls, but it’s usually in March or April
• Pentecost break: usually one week in May or June (depending on when Pentecost falls)

Of course, there can be variations to this schedule depending on the individual university, so it’s always best to check with your university as well.

When to apply for German universities 

Depending on when your course starts, there are also two application deadlines: 15 July if your programme starts in the winter semester and 15 January if your programme starts with the summer semester.

Documents needed to apply for university

The specific documents required to apply to a German university may vary depending on the program and the university. However, here is a list of common documents that are usually required:

• A completed application form: This can be an online application form or a paper-based form.
• A copy of your high school diploma or equivalent: This may include a transcript of grades or a certificate of completion.
• Proof of language proficiency: This may include a certificate of proficiency in German (such as TestDaF or DSH) or in English (such as TOEFL or IELTS), depending on the language of instruction of the program.
• A curriculum vitae (CV): This should include your education, work experience, skills, and achievements.
• A letter of motivation: This should explain why you are interested in the program and why you are a suitable candidate for it.
• Letters of recommendation: These should be written by teachers, professors, or employers who can attest to your academic or professional abilities.
• A valid passport or ID card: This is needed to prove your identity and citizenship.

It's important to note that some universities may require additional documents, such as a portfolio of artwork or a medical certificate. Make sure to check the specific requirements of each university and programme before applying.

Language requirements

To study in Germany, you need to speak German or English. Most programmes of study require German, especially those at public universities.  

German Language requirements 

If you apply at a public university in Germany, chances are the main language of instruction will be German, so you will need to show proof of your German language skills by taking one of these tests: 

• DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang) - the German language exam for university entrance 

The test is organised and hosted by the university at which you apply, but keep in mind that not all universities offer this test. Check which institution offers DSH . 

• TestDaF (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang)  

The test can be taken both on paper and digitally at one of the registered test centres worldwide. Find the available centres to take TestDaF .  

English language requirements for German universities

If, on the other hand, you apply for an English-taught degree , you’ll have to show proof of English language proficiency, in which case these tests would apply (but check your university’s page to be sure which tests they accept): 

• IELTS . You’ll get a score of 0 to 9 for each category (Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking), as well as an overall band score. Generally, German universities ask for a score of 6.0 or 6.5.   
• TOEFL . The four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) have a score of 0 to 30 points each. You can get a maximum of 120 points. Many universities ask for a score of 90 to be admitted.  
• PTE Academic . You can obtain a score between 10 and 90 points in the three sections Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. To study for an undergraduate degree, you usually need a score between 51-60 points, and for a postgraduate degree a score of 57-67.  
• Duolingo English test . The test is gaining more and more popularity and is already accepted by thousands of institutions worldwide. You’ll get a score between 10 and 160 points, where 95-100 points is the equivalent of the 6.0 IELTS score.  

>> To learn more about the different English tests you can take, read this comprehensive guide we’ve put together.  

Student housing in Germany

Finding suitable and affordable housing can be a challenge, especially in major cities where demand is high. The main options you have in Germany are the following: 

• Student dormitories . Many universities have their own dormitories, which can be a good option for international students. These dormitories can be a bit basic, but they are affordable and offer a great opportunity to meet other students. 
• Student housing apartments. Many students in Germany live in shared apartments, called "WG" (Wohngemeinschaft). These apartments have shared kitchens and bathrooms, but each person has their own private room. 
• Off campus student housing - Private apartments. If you prefer to live alone or with family, you can also look for private apartments. However, these can be more expensive and harder to find, especially in big cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg. 

Renting a one-bedroom apartment in Germany varies between 500 and 1000 EUR on average, depending on the city you choose (München and Stuttgart being the most expensive) and how close to the city centre you want to live. Of course, you can also share a flat, and that will amount to a smaller rent.  

Check these useful resources where you can find student accommodation: 

• Amber   

You can look for a flat on Amber - a private platform where you can easily book student accommodation across 9 countries.  

• Studentenwerk    

Studentenwerk is a student organisation that provides affordable housing options for students. They manage dormitories, shared apartments and single apartments at affordable prices. 

When to apply for student accommodation

You should start looking for accommodation as soon as possible, ideally several months before your planned move-in date, as long as you have an offer from the university you applied to.  

Many universities in Germany have their own housing facilities or partnerships with local accommodation providers, so it's also a good idea to check with your university's international office or student services department for information on available options and application deadlines. 

Cost of living in Germany

Overall, Germany is a more affordable place to live compared to other countries in Western Europe. You can make do with less than 1000 EUR per month. And if you combine this with free tuition fees, you’ve got a very budget-friendly study destination.  

Accommodation is likely to be your biggest expense. The cost of rent varies depending on the location and size of the apartment or room. In bigger cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg, the average rent for a single room in a shared apartment ranges from €300 to €600 per month, while the average rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from €600 to €1000 euros per month. A monthly pass for public transportation can cost around €70 to €100 per month. 

Cost of food in Germany

The cost of food in Germany is relatively affordable, with a basic meal in a restaurant costing between 8 and 15 euros. Grocery shopping can also be affordable at discount stores like Lidl, Aldi, or Netto. Here are some general estimates of the cost of food in Germany: 

Groceries   

On average, a litre of milk costs around 0.70-1.20 EUR, a loaf of bread costs around 1-3 EUR, and a dozen eggs costs around 1-2 EUR. A kilogram of apples, bananas or potatoes costs around 1-2 EUR, and a kilogram of chicken or beef costs around 8-15 EUR. 

Eating Out 

A basic lunch in a fast-food restaurant or cafeteria can cost around 5-8 EUR, while a sit-down meal in a mid-range restaurant costs, on average, 12-25 EUR per person. Fine dining restaurants can be much more expensive, with prices ranging from 40-100 EUR per person or more. 

Drinks  

A water bottle (0.5 litres) is typically around 0.50 - 1 EUR, while a regular beer costs between 1.50 and 3 EUR in a bar or restaurant. A bottle of wine (750ml) can range from 5 to 15 EUR, with higher-end wines costing more. 

Work and study in Germany

Are international students allowed to work in germany.

International students are allowed to work in Germany under certain conditions. If you are a non-EU citizen, you can work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. However, during semester breaks, you are allowed to work full-time. You must request permission from the Federal Employment Agency and the Foreigners' Office to work more than that.  Also, remember that international students are not allowed to work as self-employed or freelance. 

It's also worth noting that some degree programs may have their own limitations on the working hours for international students in Germany. Therefore, it's important to check with your university's international office or career centre for specific guidelines regarding employment for international students. 

On the other hand, if you are an EU citizen or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland, you can work in Germany without any restrictions. 

Where can I find jobs?

You can start by looking at specific job portals for student jobs in Germany. On these portals, you can find part-time work for students and flexible and short-term work opportunities.  

Some popular student job portals include: 

• Jobmensa  
• StudentJob  
• Nebenjob  
• Unicorns  

Moreover, many universities in Germany have career centres that can help students find work opportunities. These centres can provide information on job vacancies, internships, and career events, but they also guide in creating a resume and preparing for job interviews.  

>> Read this article for Tips on Finding Part-Time Jobs for International Students , including ideas of how to get an internship or online work-from-home jobs for students. 

There are also online communities and groups where students and professionals in Germany share job opportunities and career advice, like InterNations and Meetup . 

Is Germany safe?

In general, Germany is considered a safe country ; however, you should use the same common-sense personal safety measures that you would use anywhere else in the world: 

• 110 for emergencies that require the police (national Emergency Number) 
• 112 for medical and fire emergencies (European Emergency Number) 

In the case of health issues that require medical attention but are not so urgent as to require a trip to the hospital but can’t wait until you can see your GP (general practitioner), you can also call 116 117 . 

Student insurance in Germany

Everyone living in Germany must have healthcare insurance, whether statutory or private. International students need health insurance as well, so you must already hold insurance when you enrol at the university at the start of the new semester.    

For that, you have several options:  

• Use health insurance from your home country. This situation applies to students from the EU (you need to request the European Health Insurance Card - EHIC from your country) and a few other countries with which Germany has such an agreement.  
• Take statutory health insurance from Germany, which will cost you around 110 EUR per month. 
• Choose health insurance from a private insurance provider in Germany  
• Request an Aon Student Insurance online . For international students, researchers, Erasmus students and educational staff - we have the right insurance for your situation.
• Opt for the health insurance offered by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) 

Support services available for international students

Your university is the most important place where you can find quality student support services during your university years, offering various services in mental health, academic support, language support, and others.  

Within your university, you should look for: 

• The International Office : this is the first point of contact for international students where you can find support for issues specific to international study. 
• Office of the University Registrar : which deals with general administrators tasks. 
• The Students Union : a student organisation which represents and protects students’ rights. Each university has its own Students Union which is part of FZS - Free Federation of Student Unions  

Other organisations which offer great support for international students in Germany are: 

• DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service : the largest support organisation for international students in Germany 
• German National Association for Student Affairs : This organisation provides services to support international students in Germany, including information about accommodation, health insurance, and social events.  
• Study-in-Germany : website with a lot of useful information for international students. 
• Uni-Assist : the platform that helps international students apply to German universities.  
• The Federal Foreign Office : where you can find official information regarding Visa application and legal requirements of living in Germany. 
• Studentenwerke : a network of student service organisations, which provides a wide range of services to support students in their academic and personal lives. There are 58 Studentenwerke throughout the country. 

Student organisations

There are quite a few student organisations in Germany, fit for many different tastes and interests. We’ll go through some of the best-known ones: 

• AIESEC is a global youth-led organisation that provides leadership development and cross-cultural exchange opportunities for young people. It is present in over 120 countries, with several chapters in Germany. 
• The Erasmus Student Network (ESN) Germany is a student organisation that helps international students integrate into German university life. It offers social and cultural events, language courses, and other support services. 
• Campus for Change is a student-led organisation that focuses on sustainability and climate action. It supports student initiatives and projects, and advocates for sustainable policies on campus and beyond. 
• Enactus Germany works with students to develop and implement sustainable business projects that address social and environmental challenges. 
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for engineers, scientists, and other professionals in the technology field. IEEE Germany provides networking opportunities, conferences, and other resources for students interested in the field. 

Things to do for students on a budget

Germany has plenty of things to do for students on a budget like visiting museums and galleries because many of them offer free admission, particularly on certain days of the week or during specific hours. There are also a lot of events like concerts and sports events which have discounted admission for students with a valid student ID card.

In Germany, you also have the opportunity to spend time in nature because there are many parks, forests, and other natural landscapes worth exploring. You can go for a hike, have a picnic, or simply relax in nature without spending any money.

Moreover, some of the best free things to do in Germany for students are street festivals, concerts, and markets organised in cities across the country. These are a great way to experience the local culture.

Top urban attractions for students

• Oktoberfest : Held annually in Munchen, Oktoberfest is the world's largest beer festival and draws millions of visitors from around the world. The festival runs for 16 days, usually from mid to late September until the first weekend in October, and features traditional Bavarian food, music, and of course, plenty of beer.
• Karneval/Fasching : Also known as the "fifth season," Karneval/Fasching is a pre-Lenten festival celebrated in many regions of Germany. The festivities usually include parades, costumes, music, and dancing, and take place in February or March.
• Christmas Markets : This is one of the best things to do in Germany in winter. Found in many cities and towns across Germany, these markets offer traditional crafts, foods, and gifts, as well as plenty of glühwein (mulled wine) and other holiday treats.
• Berlin International Film Festival : Also known as the Berlinale, this film festival is one of the most prestigious in the world and takes place annually in Berlin in February. The festival showcases films from around the globe, and attracts filmmakers, industry professionals, and movie fans from around the world.
• Berlin Wall : The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War, and its remains serve as a powerful reminder of the country's divided past. Visitors can see portions of the wall still standing, as well as the Checkpoint Charlie Museum, which chronicles the wall's history.

Top 5 Outdoor Attractions:

• The Romantic Road : The Romantic Road is a picturesque route that winds through some of Germany's most beautiful towns and villages, including Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Augsburg. The route is perfect for a road trip and offers plenty of scenic beauty and historic landmarks.
• The Black Forest : Located in southwestern Germany, the Black Forest is a dense, evergreen forest known for its natural beauty, cuckoo clocks, and traditional Black Forest cake. Visitors can hike, bike, and explore the many towns and villages in the area.
• Rhein in Flammen : Rhein in Flammen, or "Rhine in Flames," is a series of summer festivals held along the Rhine River. The festivals feature elaborate fireworks displays, music, and other entertainment, and take place in various towns and cities along the river.
• Neuschwanstein Castle : This castle, located in the Bavarian Alps, is the inspiration for the famous Disney castle and is one of Germany's most popular tourist destinations.
• Brandenburg Gate : One of Berlin's most recognizable landmarks, the Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century triumphal arch and a symbol of unity and peace.

Travelling in Germany

In Germany, you can travel by train, bus, trams, and ferries. As a student, you might receive a free travel card from your university , but even if you don’t, princes are quite affordable. 

The Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the national railway company and operates both regional and long-distance trains. If you are under 27, you can receive student travel discounts and find tickets starting from 12.90 EUR.

Other useful resources are:

• BVG Berlin which operates the public transportation system in Berlin.
• MVG Munich which operates the public transportation system in Munich.
• RMV Frankfurt which operates the public transportation system in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main region.
• VRR Ruhr which operates the public transportation system in the Ruhr area.

Moreover, while studying a German university, you can take advantage of different programmes such as:

• Erasmus+ a European Union program that provides funding for students to study, work, or volunteer in another EU country.
• The German Youth Hostel Association which offers affordable accommodation. 
• Youth Interrail Pass , you can buy a discounted interrail pass to travel by train either in Germany, in Europe, or across the world. 

Learning German

Many language schools in Germany offer courses for anybody interested in learning. Some popular language schools include  

• Goethe-Institut is a global organisation that promotes the German language and culture through language courses, cultural events, and examinations. 
• Berlitz , a language education company that offers a range of language courses, including German, through various formats such as in-person classes, online courses, and self-study materials. 
• DeutschAkademie , a language school which offers German courses for various levels of proficiency, both in-person and online, with a focus on small class sizes and personalised teaching. 

Many universities in Germany also offer German language courses for international students. Some universities even have preparatory courses for those students who want to study with them but do not meet the language requirements yet. 

A third option is online courses. These allow you to learn German from anywhere in the world. Some popular online language-learning platforms include  

• Duolingo is a very popular language-learning app that offers gamified lessons for free. You can learn a variety of languages, including German, and can access it both on mobile devices and web browsers. 
• Babbel is another language-learning app that offers interactive lessons and exercises for a subscription fee. It provides personalised feedback and tracks progress, and covers a range of languages, including German. 
• Rosetta Stone is a language-learning software which offers personalised lessons and feedback, and you can learn German for a subscription fee. 

Living as an expat in Germany

Germany is a welcoming and multicultural society; expats can find many opportunities to connect with others and explore the country's rich culture. However, if you managed through your studies without learning German, now it’s time you start language classes. If you want to be successful in the job market, speaking the country’s official language is very important in Germany.  

Finding expat apartments is usually not difficult, and if you pick something outside the city centre or choose to share the apartment, you can get by with an affordable rent.  

At the same time, remember that health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. Similarly to when you were a student, you can choose between public or private health insurance, depending on your needs and preferences. Public health insurance is generally more affordable, while private health insurance offers more personalised care and additional benefits such as dental and vision coverage. 

Expat communities in Germany

According to Deutschland.de , a service of The Federal Foreign Office, the best cities for expats in Germany are Aachen , Düsseldorf , Hamburg , and Frankfurt am Main . These results are based on a survey taken by 20,000 expats and revealed 8 German cities in total, which were among the 82 most popular with the ex-pat community.  

At the same time, you can look at the quality of life in general in Germany and discover that apart from the four cities mentioned above, Berlin , München , Nürenberg , and Stuttgart are some of the best places to live in Germany for expats. 

In terms of what nationalities are predominant in Germany, based on the Federal Statistical Office of Germany , at the end of 2021, the largest migrant population was Turkish, followed by Polish, Romanian, and Syrian people. 

If you want to connect with fellow nationals in Germany, you can start by joining DEGIS , the biggest international student network in Germany. Here you can participate in events, meet other students, and volunteer with them to gain useful experience.

Germany Immigration rules

How your immigration status changes after graduation.

Once you graduate, if you are from outside the EU, the main thing that changes is that you will no longer have a study Visa so you’ll need to find a different type of visa to stay in the country. Depending on your situation, you have several different Visa options.

Keep in mind that the German immigration process can be complex, and there are fees associated with it. The current immigrant visa application processing fee is €75. Additionally, applicants may need to provide extra documentation and attend an in-person interview.

Types of Visa

The type of Visa you need after graduation depends on what you want to do regarding work and employment. The main categories for you are:

• Job seeker visa . This visa allows recent graduates to stay in Germany for up to six months while they search for employment. If a job is found, the individual can then apply for a work visa.
• Language course visa . This visa allows individuals to stay in Germany for up to one year while they study the German language. This can be a great way to improve language skills and increase employability in Germany.
• Visa for the self-employed.  This type is for  those who are active in liberal professions  like Art, Science, or Education and work as self-employed, as well as for those who wish to  start their own business  in Germany.
•  Work visa. This type covers several possible situations:
• Blue Card ;
• work with a contract ;
• work with a qualification that is partially recognised ;
• work as an IT-specialist with work experience ;
• job seeker (academic) ;
• job seeker (vocational training)

Immigration processing times

Processing times for German visas can range from a few weeks to several months. For example, a job seeker visa may take approximately 4-6 weeks to process, while a family reunion visa can take several months.

Job opportunities in Germany

Germany has some of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union while having the largest economy in the EU. This means there is a constant need for skilled workers and educated people to fulfil the labour force demands in the country.  

Apart from having a lot of work opportunities, the work-life balance in Germany is excellent , and the average gross monthly salary is 4,105 EUR .  

If you decide to stay and look for graduate jobs, here are some starting points:  

• Expatica : great job opportunities in Germany for international students who speak English 
• EURES portal (European Employment Services, part of the European Commission): for people from the EU, EEA, or Switzerland.  
• The Federal Employment Agency : the largest provider of labour market services in Germany, and includes ZAV (International Placement Service) , a department specially dedicated to job opportunities in Germany for foreigners 
• English jobs : jobs that require English speaking 
• Jobooh : jobs in startups 
• Academics : academic and research jobs 
• Staufenbiel : jobs in Germany for graduates and students  
• Stepstone : includes internships and jobs for graduates 
• Monster  
• Kununu  
• MeineStellenboersen  
• JobStairs  
• The Local  
• Kimeta  

If you want to know more about working in Germany, you should also check  

• Expatica , with its comprehensive guide on how to find a job in Germany 
• EXpatrio , which gives a lot of useful information about the German work environment 

Continue your studies in Germany

If you are an international student who will graduate from a German university and would like to continue your studies in Germany, there are several options available to you: 

• Pursue a Master’s degree : you can apply for a tuition-free Master's degree if you already have a Bachelor's earned in Germany, as long as you continue in the same field of study at a public university. Head over here to see over 1800 Masters in Germany . 
• Apply for a PhD : if you are interested in pursuing a research-based degree and already have a Master’s degree, you can apply for a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme in Germany. You can opt for an individual doctorate (self-directed research under one professor) or a structured PhD where you have team supervision and courses, and it’s usually advertised with grants. Here’s a list of PhDs in Germany .   
• Apply for a postgraduate diploma or certificate : postgraduate certificates and diplomas in Germany can be obtained from universities, technical colleges, and private institutions. They are typically non-degree programs that focus on practical, job-oriented training and often include a combination of coursework and hands-on experience. 
• Apply for a professional qualification : professions such as law, medicine, or teaching require additional qualifications beyond a degree. You can apply for these professional qualifications through professional organisations or regulatory institutions. 

Frequently asked questions

1. do international students need a visa to study in germany .

Non-EU/EEA students need a visa to study in Germany. The type of visa you need depends on your country of origin and the length of your stay. 

2. Is studying in Germany worth it? 

Studying in Germany can be worth it for many students because of the high-quality education, international reputation of German universities, and opportunities for research and career development. However, it ultimately depends on your individual goals and circumstances. 

3. What is the cost of studying in Germany? 

Studying in Germany can be free at public universities, except for the Brandenburg state. However, other expenses are to consider, such as accommodation, health insurance, and living costs. Overall, you can study in Germany for less than 12,000 per year if you opt for a tuition-free university. 

4. How much money is required to study in Germany? 

The amount of money required to study in Germany varies depending on factors such as the location of your university, your lifestyle, and the type of program you are studying. You can live in Germany with less than 1000 EUR per month if you budget well. According to Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz (official student loans and scholarships regulator in Germany), the exact estimate is a minimum of €934 per month or €11,208 per year. If you’re a student of a non-EU country, you’ll have to show proof that you have the possibility to cover these finances when you apply for a Visa.  

5. Can I study in Germany without IELTS? 

Yes, it is possible to study in Germany without IELTS. Some universities may accept other language proficiency tests or allow students to take language courses at the university before beginning their degree program. 

6. What are the requirements to study in Germany? 

The requirements to study in Germany vary depending on the level of education and the program you are applying for. Generally, you will need to have completed secondary education and have proof of language proficiency (either German or English depending on the language of instruction for your course), as well as meet any additional requirements set by your chosen university. 

7. What exams are required to study in Germany? 

The main requirement is to pass the final school examination in your home country, which must be the equivalent of the German Abitur or the A-levels or the Baccalaureate. Apart from that, you will have to take a language exam and, depending on your programme, you might also have to sit additional tests. For example, for Med School, you will likely have to pass the "Test für Medizinische Studiengänge" (TMS), a subject-specific university entry examination.  

8. How to get permanent residency while studying in Germany? 

International students in Germany can apply for permanent residency two years after completing their studies if they meet certain requirements, such as being employed as a skilled worker and having sufficient financial resources. 

Interesting programmes for you

Find phds degrees in germany, what subject to study in germany.

• Agriculture & Forestry 5 Masters
• Applied Sciences & Professions 2 Masters
• Arts, Design & Architecture 2 Masters
• Business & Management 38 Masters
• Computer Science & IT 18 Masters
• Education & Training 4 Masters
• Engineering & Technology 33 Masters
• Environmental Studies & Earth Sciences 20 Masters
• Hospitality, Leisure & Sports 3 Masters
• Humanities 23 Masters
• Journalism & Media 3 Masters
• Law 8 Masters
• Medicine & Health 65 Masters
• Natural Sciences & Mathematics 151 Masters
• Social Sciences 68 Masters

PhD Degrees in Germany

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 346 programmes
• Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.) 4 programmes
• Doctorate (Doctorate) 11 programmes

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

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PhD Studies

Planning your phd, eligibility and application, german or english medium, living as a student, working in germany, get guidance.

With a long tradition of research and ground breaking discoveries, Germany is indeed a land of innovation and progress. Besides giving your ideas a research-based boost, Germany also offers promising career opportunities along with a vibrant social and cultural milieu. So like for many other international students, it can be the right place to pursue a doctoral degree for you too!

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Starting your doctoral studies is a big step in your academic life. Along with identifying your research area you also have to plan where and in which institute you want to pursue your PhD.

Where does research take place in Germany?

Contemplating pursuing a PhD in Germany?  There are a number of universities, research institutions and business houses that will welcome you. So getting an insight into the research landscape of the country is of paramount importance!

© DAAD India

Research is extensively carried out by and through universities, research organisations and the industry. These three are famously known as the three pillars of research in Germany.

You can take a closer look at this on  Research in Germany .

Which universities should I look at for PhD?

There are various kinds of institutions of higher education in Germany. A majority of these belong to either of the following categories:

Universities and Universities of Technology (TU), are research-oriented and offer a wide variety of subjects. These are the only establishments that can award a PhD degree.

In case you are carrying out your PhD at a research organisation/ University of Applied Sciences, it will always be through a partner university/TU that you will get your degree. Therefore it is important that you fulfill the eligibility criteria of the university/TU as well.

Before you finalise a university or a research institution make sure to check out their websites to know what kind of research is already going on there.

Which is the best university in Germany?

There is no “best university”, neither in one subject and certainly not across all subjects.

DAAD India © CHE Ranking

Germany offers a multidimensional ranking, considering various criteria that are important from a student’s perspective. For example, student and staff judgments on quality of teaching, atmosphere at the university, library and other equipment, student numbers, average study duration, number of graduations, third party funding etc. This way you get a detailed picture of the strengths and weaknesses of each university on university-ranking.de . Here you can find your programme by selecting a subject, a university or even a city in Germany!

As a researcher you should also take the research rankings  into consideration. The criteria for such rankings could be research infrastructure, citations, patents, publications and student reviews, to name a few.

How should I plan my doctorate?

If you have set your mind on a PhD in Germany, you can consider two approaches: the traditional approach i.e. individual doctorate and the structured doctoral programmes.

Individual doctoral studies involve identifying a supervisor ( Doktorvater / Doktormutter ) at a German university who is willing to guide your research. This system offers a lot of freedom, and calls for a great deal of personal initiative right from identifying a topic in your research field. This kind of doctorate takes about 3-5 years to complete.

Structured PhD programmes  are internationally oriented, conducted largely in English and are comparable to PhD programmes offered in English-speaking countries. Here supervision is carried out by several university teachers. These programmes lead to a PhD in about three years.

What if I want to do a part of my PhD research in Germany?

The research Grant: Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees / Cotutelle which is also famously known as DAAD Sandwich Scholarship lets you complete your PhD in two countries. The first country being your home country where you are registered as a doctoral student and the second country is but naturally Germany.

You are supervised at your home university as well as at the host institute in Germany. Your doctoral degree is awarded by the home institution. This is the well known “sandwich model”.

While generally as a Master degree holder you will have ticked off the first major requirement, it is always a good idea to check if the university’s requirements and your qualifications match. And then you can start with the application procedure.

Am I eligible to apply for a PhD?

In Germany, every university is autonomous. This means that every university/ study programme has its own set of criteria for admitting students. So please check the university website, and specifically the programme you are interested in. Here you will find the exact admission requirements.

However, some generalisation is  possible. As a Master degree holder from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal or Sri Lanka your degree is treated at par with a German Master degree. In some cases, further assessment of eligibility will be required. Do clarify the matter of eligibility with the university or the research organisation of your choice before you send in your application.

Some universities may ask for the proof of your English language proficiency in form of TOEFL or IELTS scores. Some universities may ask for good German language skills depending upon subject of your research. In such cases, your knowledge of German needs to be certified through examinations like the TestDaF  or DSH.

How do I go about applying for a PhD?

• PhD Germany   – A portal where German universities advertise openings for doctoral positions
• An interactive database of  Graduate Schools at German universities
• Research Training Groups  coordinated by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
• International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) Academicians from your country who have collaborations with German academicians or your seniors who might be carrying out research in Germany can be a great source of information too!
• Contact and convince a supervisor. Make sure that you approach a potential supervisor the right way and in good time – a brief and well-structured communication with an overview of your research proposal and relevant information about yourself is more likely to get you the right kind of response than a simple email stating that you are interested in doing a PhD!
• Communicate information about your background, academic performance and academic goals.
• Get a letter of acceptance from your supervisor.
• Identify a programme. Contact the selected university. This will be your most important source of information as far as exact details about eligibility, programme structure, fee, application procedure etc. are concerned.
• Check the application deadline for the programme chosen!
• Application forms and other relevant material can be downloaded from the respective university website.
• Send the application packet.
• Get a confirmation of admission.
• The Admission procedures vary for different universities and for different programmes.
• Check about these with the university of your choice or your supervisor.
• Make sure you have a valid passport!
• Apply for a student visa as soon as you have the admission letter, as the procedure can take 8 to 12 weeks. The German Embassy and the Consulates require proof of funding for the first year of studies. At this stage make sure if you need to get the APS certificate ( www.aps-india.de ) that some universities/host professors may insist upon. To find out where you should apply for a visa, visit the website of the Germany Embassy in your country.
• Apply for a place in a hostel. In some cases the International Office ( Akademisches Auslandsamt ) of the university will help you.
• Arrive in Germany at least a week before your course begins.
• Contact the International Office ( Akademisches Auslandsamt ) of your university for guidance.
• Step 6 Get your residence permit within the first three months of your stay in Germany from the Foreigners’ Registration Office ( Ausländeramt ).

Germany offers education in German as well as in English. Different subject fields can have different language requirements.

Can I do my PhD completely in English medium?

Germany offers close to 200 structured international programmes with English as the sole or primary medium of instruction. These programmes are called International Programmes.

Few of these programmes may require students to have learnt/learn some German language during their PhD.

Must I learn German for my PhD?

As you have already seen, Germany offers numerous PhD programmes with English as the sole or primary medium of instruction and the language for your thesis. English is also accepted as a language of research and education in Germany.

However, some universities/ subject fields may expect you to have German language proficiency for your PhD.

As a student in Germany, your life will not be limited to the university campus. You will surely want to interact with people, travel through the country-side and make the best of your time there. This is where knowledge of German will present a great advantage!

Universities offer beginner and well as advanced level courses where you can learn German. You can also start learning the language while you are still in your home country at a  Goethe-Institut (Max Mueller Bhavan) / Goethe-Zentrum.

Do I require to learn German for DAAD scholarship?

To apply for the DAAD PhD scholarship knowledge of the German language is not mandatory. However, after getting the scholarship you will be expected to complete a DAAD sponsored German course. This will help you with your life Germany.

While in a foreign country being able to manage your finances on your own is very important. You would need to plan your budget by keeping your living expenses, travel costs and tuition fees if any in mind.

What kind of budget should I have in my mind?

Fees: As a PhD scholar in Germany, you are exempted from tuition fees. You will need to pay a semester contribution of around Euro 300, depending upon the university and the services or benefits provided.

Living costs : Apart from the tuition fees, if any,  you will require about EUR 934 per month for subsistence i.e. housing, food, clothing, study material and other expenses such as health insurance and leisure activities. The precise split up for this amount will be updated soon. The amounts can vary from city to city, and of course from lifestyle to lifestyle!

The following table shows the split up at the time of the last budget indicated in 2019.

Source: German Student Union (Deutsches Studentenwerk), 2019 

How can I finance my doctorate?

If you are participating in a structured doctoral programme and doing your doctorate at a graduate school, research centre or research training group, the issue of funding is usually resolved with you either working as a research assistant or receiving a scholarship of about EUR 1,000 per month.

If you are pursuing your doctorate on the basis of the traditional approach, you can apply for a job as a research assistant, if there is vacancy.

Working as a research/doctoral assistant involves collaboration in research/teaching and doing administrative work in addition to completing the dissertation. Non-university research institutions like Fraunhofer Institutes and also some companies offer doctoral candidates employment and / or fund their doctoral dissertations.

The DAAD offers the most extensive scholarship programme.  Also a number of foundations support international candidates approved for the doctoral process. A database of scholarships offered by various German organisations can be found at  www.funding-guide.de .

What is a DAAD PhD scholarship like and how can I apply for it?

If you are a well-motivated researcher with high-calibre this research grant supports your complete doctoral studies in Germany. In general the duration of your PhD should not exceed more than four years.

If you have already registered for PhD in your home country and would like to carry out a part of the research in Germany, you may consider applying for Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees / Cotutelle scholarship of the DAAD .

An independent selection committee consisting of specialist scientists reviews your applications, wherein your academic qualification, quality of your research project is checked along with your career prospects, motivation and extra curricular activities including your civic engagement.

If you want to do your full PhD in Germany DAAD PhD Scholarship would be more relevant for you. The application deadline is 20 October every year. This is for scholarship starting from October of the following year.

Here is a step-by-step guideline for your application process:

• Collect general information about the DAAD PhD scholarship.
• Thoroughly check the eligibility criteria.
• Attend information sessions or internet-based seminars (webinars) organised by the DAAD.
• Once you have the letter of acceptance from your supervisor/admission letter from your university, complete the application procedure as specified in the scholarship announcement.
• The application deadline typically falls in the month of October the current year for a PhD beginning in the next year.
• Shortlisted applicants from India will be invited for a personal interview around January-February. For Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka the procedure will be announced closer to the date of interviews.
• The final decision will be announced for applicants from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka around mid or end of April of the following year.
• Step 4 Once selected, you will have to attend a mandatory German language course, which is a necessary and important part of your scholarship.
• Step 5 After the successful completion of your language course in Germany, your PhD will begin in October.

Living on your own comes with lots of responsibilities, at the same time it can also be very  interesting. It starts with finding a place to stay, learning how to cook, shopping on a budget, making friends and connections. Hope this section helps you with some of your questions.

How do I find accommodation?

Germany offers various types of accommodations:

• Students hall of residence:  Here you can rent rooms provided by  Student Services Organisation ( Studentenwerk ). They are low in cost and preferred by many students. Studentenwerk also provides specially designed Service Kits for international students. Get in touch with Studentenwerk of your city know more.
• Shared Flats ( Wohngemeinschaft – WG) : Shared flat or WG is another affordable accommodation, where you have your own room in a flat and share the kitchen and the bathroom with other flatmates. Living in a shared flat is cheaper as the rent and other expenses  get shared. You can find advertisements for vacancies in WGs online on social media groups or on student-friendly websites.
• Private apartments:  If you prefer living alone, private apartments can be an option for you.  You can find them with the help of Studentenwerk, on boards in the university foyer or even on social media groups and websites for rental real estate.

Make sure to be on the lookout from early on, so that you find the best place at an affordable price.

How do I connect with other students?

Connecting with other students can help you to learn from their experience. It may also help you get acquainted with the lifestyle, once you are in Germany.

• Get in touch with  DAAD Young Ambassadors . They have studied or carried out their research in Germany. Contact them with your questions, they will be happy to guide you!
• You can also find out about various student associations and groups formed by students of your country/ region.
• You can contact students on various socials media platforms as well. There are groups based on nationalities or interests and activities.
• Many universities arrange introductory events. Ask the international office of your university about them. Research institutions too generally run such initiatives.

You can of course work in Germany as long as you follow the regulations, which are not complex and are easy to understand.

Can I work in Germany as a student?

As an international student, you are permitted to work for 120 full days or 240 half days in a year. This will help you in getting a bit of extra pocket-money!OK

Can I work in Germany after my studies?

After completing your degree in Germany, you can choose from amongst a wide range of options:

You can stay on in the country for up to 1.5 years to look for a job that is in keeping with your education. Once you find a job, the residence permit issued to you for the purpose of studying, can be converted into a residence permit for taking gainful employment.

Germany has always had a very strong industry-academia linkage. A lot of scientific research is funded by the industry as well. During your studies you can get the opportunity to do internships with German companies, which can open new vistas for your professional career.

In Germany, a doctorate is a prerequisite for a career in research or higher education. Your options include:

• Teaching/Research Assistantships
• Postdoc Positions
• Research Positions in Industry

The portal  www.academics.com has Germany’s biggest online job market for researchers. There are also scholarships for Postdocs offered by the  Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation  and other organizations.

Whether you are in India, Nepal or Bhutan, the DAAD is there to help you with your study in Germany plans. Check out how you can reach us!

Individual Appointments

You can connect with the DAAD offices online or offline in Bengaluru ,  Chennai ,  New Delhi  and  Pune .

Information Sessions

The DAAD offers free of cost information session about studying in Germany regularly. Check which dates and topics suit you, register and join!

Click here for dates, timings and registration links: www.daad.in/events .

Writing a Research Proposal

Take a look at the DAAD’s guidelines for writing research proposal

Research Proposal writing: Guidelines 2023

PhD Proposal Writing Workshop

Wondering how to write a PhD proposal? The DAAD offers PhD Proposal Writing Workshop on various topics for aspirants who intend to pursue their doctorate in Germany!

Early Career Research Symposia

The  Early Career Research Symposia offer you a platform to help you propel your research, amplify its reach and get inspired by exchange of ideas.

• Did you find the information about  doctoral studies in Germany useful? Keep the digital  PhD brochure with you, so that it is all handy!
• You will also find the digital brochure Research Proposal Guidelines 2023 useful.
• There is comfort  and certainty in numbers. With the fact sheet Germany India 2022 you can check out actual number of Indian students, what fields they are opting for and which universities they have preferred.

• Higher Education and Research

The way to a doctorate

You would like to get a PhD in Germany? Here you will find attractive programmes for international doctoral students.

Working in a team, following a clear programme and intensive mentoring by several scholars or scientists: if that sounds like a good idea, a structured PhD programme is the right choice for you. Two more pluses: such programmes usually offer an international environment and the language of teaching and working is often English.

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Research training group

In a research training group you are part of a team of doctoral students, post-docs, and scholars or scientists. You carry out research together on a subject, often interdisciplinary and focused on the specialty of the scholar or scientist who is supervising your doctorate.

International research training groups specifically promote scholarly and scientific exchange. During your doctorate work, you conduct research abroad for six months.

Some collaborative research centres of universities operate integrated research training groups . There you can do your PhD in a research-intensive environment in a structured PhD programme.

A survey of research training groups can be found on the DFG website. Applications must be sent to the head of the respective group.

Quick facts

Research schools.

In non-university research institutions, it is almost the rule to participate in structured, largely interdisciplinary doctoral programmes. The Max Planck Society , Helmholtz Association and Leibniz Association have set up research and graduate schools for their doctoral students, which are also open to international doctoral candidates.

Max Planck Schools

The new Max Planck Schools are something special. They are a joint project of universities and the major research organizations of the Max Planck Society, Helmholtz Association, Leibniz Association and Fraunhofer Society. In these international graduate schools, excellent graduates from all over the world work together in a structured doctoral programme with the best scholars and scientists in their fields.

Doctoral programmes and courses of study

Many universities also run special international doctoral programmes that either target specific research topics or support doctoral students with interdisciplinary offerings. These programmes can be found in the DAAD database (in English).

More information and tips can be found at Research in Germany

© www.deutschland.de

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PhD in Germany: Top Universities, Admissions 2024-25, Fees, Scholarships

Veda Burman

| Updated On - Apr 30, 2024

Germany Admissions 2024, Latest Alerts

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The top PhD universities in Germany do not charge any tuition fee from international students. You might need to pay a semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) to pursue PhD courses in Germany. After completing a PhD degree in Germany, graduates annually earn an average salary of 69,000 EUR (61.43 lakhs INR).

Best Universities in Germany for PhD

Germany is a center for higher education, with few top-ranked yet affordable institutions offering doctoral programs. Some top PhD universities in Germany and their corresponding details are as follows:

Why Study PhD in Germany?

• In Germany, a majority of the PhD programs are tuition free, at least for the first 6 semesters. The German government sponsors these programs. You will only need to pay a minimal semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR).
• According to UNESCO, Germany has enrolled over 28,000 Indian students including PhD scholars every year, higher than any other EU member state.
• Germany allows students to pursue doctoral programs without a masters degree. Students with a bachelors degree can directly pursue doctoral studies in Germany with satisfactory eligibility criteria.
• As a student, you can work for 120 full-days or 240 half days per year to earn extra pocket money.

PhD in Germany Admissions

The admission requirements for doctorate in Germany vary based on the chosen university and subject. The common requirement for PhD in Germany eligibility criteria for international students are listed below:

• Diploma, Magister, or Master’s degree with above-average aggregate from a recognized university
• At least 2.5 GPA in German grading system or B+ overall grade
• IELTS: 7.0 (with 6.5 in each band)
• TOEFL iBT: 80 - 100
• German language proficiency proof: TestDaf: Level 4
• GRE: 160 overall score or above
• Germany student visa

PhD in Germany Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for admission to the PhD programs in various German universities are as follows:

PhD in Germany Cost

The German universities do not charge any tuition fee for PhD programs. You might need to pay a semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) across some universities. Besides, you can estimate to spend around 850 EUR per month as the cost of living in Germany . Following are some top-ranked universities and their respective fees:

PhD in Germany Scholarships

Although the doctoral programs in Germany are fully funded, candidates are still required to make the ends meet and bear the living costs. Therefore, such candidates may look forward to the following scholarships in Germany :

PhD in Germany Salary

Students with PhD in Germany secure an average salary of 69,000 EUR per annum. The average salary of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) ranges between 45,000 to 94,000 EUR per annum. Doctor of Science (DS) degree holders annually earn between 42,000 to 120,000 EUR. The average salary of doctoral candidates pursuing jobs in Germany according to their levels of experience are as follows:

Note: The stage duration (time spent) of each of the 6 levels of experience increases by 1 year per stage. The contractual term at first level is at least 12 months with no interruption.

PhD in Germany is pursued by international students for a combination of benefits. The top public universities in Germany offer tuition-free education, removing the financial burden from students. You can get research opportunities from industry experts in Germany. After completing education, you can get employed as research associate for Postdoc positions in German higher education institutions.

Ques. Is it free to do PhD in Germany for Indian students?

Ans . Yes. The public universities in Germany offer PhD programs without any tuition fees. The universities might charge a minimal semester fee to Indian students. You can estimate to pay between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) as semester fees in the German universities for pursuing a PhD program.

Ques. Do PhD students get paid in Germany?

Ans . Yes, some German universities provide financial support to PhD students through grants, stipends, and scholarships. You can also pursue part-time jobs while pursuing PhD, with permission from your university to earn some pocket money.

Ques. How many years is a PhD in Germany?

Ans . PhD programs in Germany can be around 5 years long or more. However, PhD in Germany is available within 3 years span across some universities. According to experts, the average time taken for PhD in Germany ranges between 3 and 4 years.

Ques. Is it easy to get PhD in Germany?

Ans . No. PhD in Germany requires you to be involved in research and activities on a particular subject or multiple subjects. The entry requirements for PhD programs in Germany for international students vary with the university and specialization. The most important requirements for admission to PhD in Germany are as follows:

• IELTS : 7.0 (with 6.5 in each band)
• German Proficiency proof: TestDaf: Level 4
• GRE Score: 160 overall score or above
• Germany Student Visa

Ques. Is a PhD in Germany taught in German?

Ans . PhD in Germany is taught in both the languages, German and English. You can choose the university and specialisation, based on the proficiency of language. If possible, German language proficiency is recommended to enhance your chances of securing admission to your dream university.

Ques. Can I pursue PhD in Germany without a Master’s degree?

Ans . PhD in Germany can be pursued by exceptionally performing Bachelor’s degree graduates. Moreover, candidates possessing an international Graduate Diploma with 2.5 or more GPA may also apply.

Ques. Is German PhD valid in India?

Ans . Yes. PhD degrees offered by prestigious universities in Germany are valid in India. You can pursue a faculty post in the Indian universities with a PhD from Germany. You can also look for postdoc opportunities or suitable employment opportunities for you with a PhD from Germany.

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• PhD Funding in Germany – A Guide for 2024

PhD Funding in Germany

Written by Mark Bennett

With no doctoral fees at all at public universities and a range of funding options for international students, Germany isn't just one of the most prestigious European destinations for PhD research: it's also among the most affordable.

German PhD funding takes various forms, reflecting the range of different ways you can complete a PhD in Germany . Doctoral students are often supported by traditional academic scholarships and fellowships, but German universities and research institutes also offer salaried assistantships for their PhD researchers.

This page helpfully introduces a wide range of options available to you and explains how to go about applying for PhD funding in Germany.

German PhD funding – what you need to know first

All countries provide financial support PhD students in their own ways, but Germany takes doctoral research particularly seriously. After all, this is the country that invented the modern PhD and in which the possession of a doctorate is a mark of particular prestige for politicians and other senior figures.

Here are a few things to be aware before you start looking for doctoral funding in Germany:

• As well as universities, PhD training in Germany also takes place at independent research institutes . These are usually part of larger societies ( gesellschaft ) with their own funding available.
• Most German funding is for living costs , as university and research institutes don't normally charge fees for doctoral research.
• Financial support is usually equally available to all qualified students . Some awards are also exclusively for international students.
• Some doctoral students to receive their funding as a salary for paid assistantship work. You may have to pay tax on this income but, in return, you will benefit from social security and health insurance.
• On the other hand, German PhD scholarships and fellowships are usually tax-free, but you may need to pay for health insurance separately.
• Many funders accept direct applications to support students' project proposals. However, some German PhDs are advertised funded projects .

If you haven't already, it may be a good idea to take a look at our overall guide to PhD study in Germany .

The cost of a PhD in Germany

Before you can set about finding PhD funding, you'll need to know how expensive it is to complete a doctorate in Germany – and how much funding you'll need.

The good news is that doing a PhD in Germany costs less than you probably think.

Public universities in Germany don't charge any tuition fees for PhD study. This applies to everyone, including international students.

Most German research institutes provide PhDs in partnership with universities (who award the degree itself) and don't charge additional fees to host students.

Some private universities do charge PhD fees, but these may be covered by fellowship funding or other institutional support for suitably qualified students.

Living costs

The German Government expects international students to have at least €11,208 per year available to support themselves during a PhD (you'll need to demonstrate you have this much in funding, sponsorship or savings in order to get a German PhD visa ).

In practice, you should aim to have slightly more than this. €800-1,000 is a good benchmark.

You can read more about accommodation and living costs in our guide to living in Germany during a PhD .

Other expenses

Though most universities don't charge PhD fees, you will need to pay a small semester fee of between €100-350 to cover services provided by your student union. This can actually entitle you to discounts on food, travel and leisure facilities.

International students will also need to pay around €200 for a visa and residence permit to study a PhD abroad in Germany.

All students in Germany also need some form of health insurance . If your PhD is a paid position then you will normally receive the necessary cover in return for social security payments. Otherwise, you will need to purchase insurance. Students under 30 can receive discounted policies for around €110 a month.

German government PhD funding

Germany invests more money in research and development (in total) than any other country in Europe. Much of this is spent on support for doctoral students, with multiple sources of government funding for PhD research.

Here are the three most important:

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

The DFG is Germany's central funding body for research. When it comes to PhD funding, the DFG works similarly to UKRI in the UK: it funds ongoing doctoral training within dedicated centres at universities. These list funded opportunities for students to apply to.

There are currently two main DFG PhD funding schemes:

• Collaborative Research Centres ( Sonderforschungsbereiche) host multi-disciplinary research projects across the Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities. Funding is usually in the form of a work contract, or a PhD fellowship. View a list of current opportunities .
• Research Training Groups ( Graduiertenkolleg) host more focused projects in specific subject areas, usually within a structured PhD programme that offers additional training and development. Funding is usually in the form of a work contract, or a PhD fellowship of around €1,365 per month (with some money available for additional expenses). View a list of current opportunities .

PhD funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is usually open to all suitably qualified PhD students, regardless of nationality. As well as a strong proposal, you will need an appropriate Masters degree .

German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

The Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst exists to promote international collaboration between Germany and other countries, including opportunties for international students.

Current DAAD PhD funding schemes include:

• Research grants for doctoral programmes in Germany are for international students to complete a PhD at a German institution. Scholarships last for up to four years and provide €1,300 per month, plus additional support for travel, health insurance and other expenses.
• Research grants for bi-nationally supervised doctoral degrees are for students to pursue a PhD in their home country with involvement from German universities and academics, including the opportunity to spend up to two years researching in Germany. Funding of up to €1,300 per month (plus additional support with expenses) is available during your German research placements.
• Short-term grants are for students to complete research placements of less than a year in Germany, with a grant of €850-1,200 per month during this period.

You should apply directly to the DAAD for funding. Eligibility is not restricted by nationality, but you will need to hold a relevant Masters degree and have started your PhD in the last three years.

International eligibility for German PhD funding

PhD funding in Germany isn't usually restricted by nationality. Some scholarships, such as those from the DAAD, are specifically for international students, but other opportunities are simply open to all suitably qualified applicants.

StipendiumPlus

StipendiumPlus is a network of organisations that exist to support students in Germany. They distribute funding provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMFBF) and typically support around 4,000 PhD students each year.

There are 13 different funding bodies in the StipendiumPlus network. Most seek to support students from specific socio-cultural and / or political backgrounds:

• The Avicenna Studienwerk supports Muslim doctoral candidates
• The Cusanuswerk supports Catholic doctoral candidates
• The Erns Ludwig Ehrlich Studienwerk supports Jewish doctoral candidates
• The Evangelische Studienwerk Villigst supports Evangelical doctoral candidates
• The Friedrich-Ebert-Siftung supports socially committed doctoral candidates from low-income or migrant backgrounds
• The Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom supports doctoral candidates with an interest in liberal politics and equal opportunities
• The Hans Böckler Foundation supports doctoral candidates nominated by the German Federation of Trade Unions
• The Hanns Seidel Foundation supports doctoral candidates with an interest in Christian social democracy
• The Heinrich Böll Foundation supports doctoral candidates with an interest in green politics and social policy
• The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung supports doctoral candidates with an interest in Christian democratic politics, working in fields such as Management, Politics, Media Science, Cultural Study and Social Policy
• The Rosa Luxembourg Foundation supports politically committed doctoral candidates working on areas such as social justice and political education
• The German Business Foundation supports doctoral candidates focussing on areas such as entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility
• The German National Academic Foundation supports exceptional doctoral candidates from all political and religious backgrounds

You should make your funding application to individual foundations. There's more information on each organisation's website, as well as helpful profiles of current and previous scholarship holders.

Funding from research institutes and associations

A large proportion of doctoral research in Germany actually takes place outside universities at specialist research institutes. Studying at one of these means that the bulk of your training will take place in the institute with access to highly specialised facilities and expertise. Your academic degree is normally awarded by a partner university

Individual institutes usually form part of larger networks or associations ( gesellschaft ) which have their own PhD funding available. Many of these are prominent research bodies, equal in prestige to Europe's top universities.

Fraunhofer Gesellschaft

The Fraunhofer Society is a network of more than 70 institutes focussing on applied research in Science, Engineering and Technology. They support students on individual doctoral projects, usually on a three year work contract.

Find out more , or search for an advertised Fraunhofer PhD Project to apply to.

Helmholtz Association

The Helmholtz Association is Germany's largest scientific association, with over 40,000 staff and 8,000 doctoral students across its 18 research centres. Most of these centres host Helmholtz Graduate Schools which support PhD projects funded through 3-4 year work contracts.

Find out more , or search for an advertised Helmholtz PhD Project to apply to.

Leibniz Association

The Leibniz Association is a network of over 90 non-university research centres. Many of them host Leibniz Graduate Schools or Leibniz ScienceCampi offering structured doctoral training programmes. Some Leibniz Institutes also host individual doctoral projects. Funding is in the form of a work contract, or a fellowship (usually valued at €1,200-1,400).

Find out more , or search for an advertised Leibniz PhD Project to apply to.

Max Planck Society

The Max Planck Society is one of Germany's most renowned networks of independent research institutes, with a big focus on PhD training. There are over 80 individual Max Planck Institutes, most of which provide funding for individual doctoral projects in Biological and Natural Sciences, as well as the Humanities. In addition, there are several International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) set up in partnership with universities to operate structured PhD programmes in partnership with universities outside Germany. Max Planck funding usually provides a work contract.

In addition, there are three Max Planck Schools that are collaborations between universities and research institutes. These focus on Cognition , Matter to Life and Photonics .

Find out more , or search for an advertised Max Planck PhD Research Programme to apply to.

Union of Academies of Sciences and Humanities

The majority of German research institutes focus extensively (though not exclusively) on STEM subjects. However, there are many other independent academies that focus on Humanities and Social Sciences. The Union of Academies of Sciences and Humanities brings together some of these and helps manage a selection of PhD scholarships as well as awards for doctoral students and junior researchers.

Find out more .

German PhD work contracts

Some German PhDs are supported through work contracts rather than direct fellowships or scholarships. This is common at research institutes, but happens at universities too.

The value of a PhD work contract in Germany is based on the scale for public sector works and is typically between €3,000-4,000 a month (though most student contracts are part-time, pro-rata). Tax and social security are deducted from this salary, but you will receive access to benefits in return.

University fellowships and assistantships

As well as awarding government scholarships and partnering with research institutes, German university also provide their own funding. This can take different forms:

• Research associate (wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter) positions provide doctoral students with a salary in return for completing additional research responsibilities alongside their PhD. These can include duties such as maintaining lab equipment and consumables, monitoring ongoing experiments and assisting with analysis of large datasets.
• Academic assistant (wissenschaftlicher Hilfskraft) are similar to Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTAs) in other countries. Your salary will be paid in return for completing additional teaching and demonstrating responsibilities, as well as supervise student's projects and / or mark assessments.

Fellowships are funding awarded directly for PhD research in the same way as a standard PhD scholarship or studentship. Your funding will usually be paid as a grant or stipend for living costs and you won't have to do anything specific in return for the money (other than work on your PhD).

The best way to find the funding above is to explore PhD opportunities in Germany and either apply for funded positions or investigate funding options at universities which interest you.

Business and industry

It's relatively common for German PhDs to be directly funded – or even hosted – by commercial organisations with an interest in science and research. In fact, private business and industry funds more than two thirds of research and development spending in Germany, including support for thousands of scholarships each year.

Finding funding from business and industry is a little more complicated than applying to universities and research institutes, as awards tend to come and go and may not be widely advertised.

Universities and prospective supervisors may be able to guide you towards potential industrial partners.

Find out more

Elsewhere on FindAPhD you can learn about:

• How PhD study in Germany works
• The top-ranked universities for PhD study in Germany
• Life as a PhD student in Germany

Search for a PhD in Germany

You can use our website to browse current German PhD opportunities , or sign up for free updates and advice .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

Want to study a PhD in Ireland? This guide gives a detailed introduction to the kind of visa you need to study in Ireland and how to apply for it.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

What's it like to live in Germany during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

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• Study in Germany /

PhD in Germany

• Updated on  
• Dec 2, 2023

With its unparalleled focus on research, innovation, and development, Germany offers innumerable opportunities to individuals not only in STEM courses , but also in social sciences , humanities , and languages. Further, colleges in Germany are known for their outstanding faculty, internationally recognized curriculum as well as bright career prospects both in enterprises and research organisations. Be it Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, or Cologne, German cities serve as hubs for manufacturing, international business and finance sectors and housing headquarters of several giant companies. If you are interested in pursuing a PhD in Germany, this blog will help in breaking down its process.

This Blog Includes:

Why study for a phd in germany, types of phd courses in germany, academic session, phd in germany: admission requirements, phd in germany: admission process, writing your research proposal, top universities for phd in germany, cost of studying phd in germany, phd in germany with scholarships, visa process for international students to germany, can i work in germany after my phd, work opportunities, salaries after phd in germany.

The PhD study in Germany epitomizes the country’s mastery of higher education. Let us examine the advantages of studying PhD programs in Germany in further depth:

Free Adult Education: In terms of higher education, Germany has distinguished itself. It offers free education to both domestic and international students. Compared to other international colleges, it only costs a student 310 EUR to cover the semester as well as travel expenses.

Immensely well infrastructure and facilities: After the United Kingdom and the United States, Germany has been ranked as the world’s third finest education destination, and its amenities reflect this. A multitude of non-university research groups contributes to high-quality Ph.D. education at German institutions.

PhD in Germany with Scholarship: Germany values all students’ knowledge, and as a result, they never allow anyone to stop researching due to a lack of funds. There are organizations whose major goal is to offer enough funding to ensure that the informed are loved eternally.

In Germany, there are two broad categories into which PhD courses are divided, namely, individual doctorate programs and structured PhD degrees. Read the following to know more:

Individual Doctorates [3 to 5 Years] Considered the most favourable choice for a PhD in Germany, an individual doctorate also called the traditional PhD is a more direct method of gaining a doctoral qualification. The process of application involves approaching a potential professor or supervisor who is teaching at the university directly, demonstrating how one’s research interests align with the professor, and asking whether he is willing to act as a supervisor. Typically, this process requires a considerable amount of effort and time as it involves finding the right professor, proving that one’s experiences in prior degrees and experiences make him the right candidate, and submission of a research proposal, among other steps. In a traditional PhD, learners have to submit a doctoral thesis focusing more on the research and an oral presentation and examination of their work testing their wider knowledge in the field.

Structured PhD Degrees [3 to 5 Years] An individual opting for a structured PhD in Germany undertakes research work as part of a group of doctoral students who are guided by a team of supervisors. Structured PhD degree admissions and application process is done through online portals of universities such as DAAD. The curriculum may involve interdisciplinary studies along with an emphasis on scientific tools and techniques, and interpersonal skills.   As far as a structured PhD is concerned, students need to complete several mandatory units to achieve 180 to 240 ECTS credits that are essentially required in doctoral studies. They will be assessed on their understanding of course content delivered in seminars and lectures, besides submitting their thesis and completing the oral exams.

If you plan to study in Germany , your academic year will typically comprise 2 semesters – Wintersemester which runs from October 1 to March 31 with Christmas and Easter break; and Sommersemester which runs from April 1 to September 30 with breaks from July to September.

For pursuing a PhD in Germany, the documents to be submitted remain more or less the same throughout the universities in Germany. However, there can be some exceptions. Following are the required things you can’t miss while applying for a PhD:

• Materials to be submitted at the time of application include aptitude scores like GRE or GMAT and  English-language proficiency scores of IELTS or TOEFL , research proposal, SOP , LOR , and CV, amongst others. However, these requirements vary from university to university.
• Sometimes, traditional PhDs may require you to write a thesis in Germany, thus you may need to prove your German-language proficiency through TestDaF or DSH.

A strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest is a major prerequisite while applying for a PhD in Germany. As for the application process is concerned, the individual doctorate route is quite straightforward and requires a direct approach to potential supervisors. On the other hand, for a structured doctorate, one is required to apply through official university portals.

• Once you have supplied the documents highlighted above, the doctoral committee you are applying to will confirm your eligibility to pursue a PhD in Germany.
• A personal interview may also be part of the application process. This is typically conducted by the supervising board for the program. You can refer to our blog on DAAD Scholarshipfunding as well as admission-related information.

A staple part of the application process both for individual and structured PhD in Germany is the submission of a well-curated, coherent and concise research proposal. A research proposal is a document that outlines your research interests, at what points they match with those of your potential supervisors, and what you intend to study and work under the guide. More often than not, applicants do not devote as much time as required to writing a proposal that underlines their achievements as well as what it doesn’t involve. It is important to not sway away from the research topic. Apart from including only the relevant details, it is important to make sure that errors and mistakes have not crept in. Getting it checked by your current professors and mentors is also an option worth considering. 

Germany is home to some of the top institutions in the world, known to offer quality education, scientific discoveries, and technology. Below listed are the top universities to pursue a PhD in Germany:

Note: This list is for indicative purposes and is not exhaustive. While some PhD courses in Germany are available throughout the year, others are offered based on the number of vacancies and the semester chosen. 

Some Other German Universities to Consider

• Heidelberg University
• Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
• University of Freiburg
• University of Tübingen
• Free University of Berlin

When it comes to studying for a PhD at public universities in Germany, there is no tuition fee charged to international students but you will be required to pay certain administrative costs which range from €150-€200 [roughly 13,100 INR-17,600 INR] (per semester administration fee). However, you will also have to keep the living expenses in mind while applying for a PhD in Germany as the living costs can vary largely from one city to another. While applying for the German student visa, you will be required to provide proof of sufficient funds of €10,236 [roughly 8,94,000 INR] as well. You can also use our exclusive Cost of Living Calculator to estimate your living costs and also check out our blog on the cost of studying in Germany to get an overview of the major expenses you can expect while pursuing higher education in Germany.

Explore the popular German Scholarships for PhD Programs !

To continue your studies in Germany, you will require a student visa. There are two categories of student visas:

• Schengen Visa: Permits you to take a 90-day course in Germany specifically.Visa Fee: 60 EUR 
• National Visa: This allows you to stay in Germany for more than 90 days; you must also obtain a residency permit.
• VISA Fee: 75 EUR
• Working in Germany after completing a PhD is governed by nationality.
• Students from the EU and EEA will not require a work visa. You will have the same career opportunities as German citizens.
• Students from outside the EU and EEA can prolong their stay for up to 18 months to look for jobs connected to their studies.

As an international student, you are permitted to work 120 full days or 240 half days every year while studying for a PhD in Germany. In case you plan to work for longer than this, then you need to seek permission from the Foreigner’s Registration Office and Local Employment Agency. The student is sometimes employed by the university under student assistants or teaching appointments. The salary depends on the hours spent supervising the library, researching literature, and demonstrating or leading tutorials.

Ans. The majority of German institutions do not charge tuition for PhD programmes, and financing is available from numerous government agencies, research groups, and other organisations.

Ans. A PhD professor typically earns a gross monthly salary of between 4,00,000 and 5,300,000 euros (INR 4 lakh and 5.3 lakhs). Do German PhD students receive compensation? Yes, PhD students may be paid in Germany thanks to the PhD Stipend.

Ans. In Germany, getting a PhD is a little more challenging than getting a bachelor’s or master’s degree. This is mostly due to the fact that PhDs are offered in Germany by both accredited businesses operating in the industrial sector and universities.

Thus, building a successful career in Research needs hard work, dedication, and the right guidance. If you are planning to pursue a PhD in Germany or at any other study abroad destination but are not sure how to go about it, then Leverage Edu can guide you through the process. Right from the application to the arrangement of funding, the counsellors will assist at every step. and beyond so that you can take a step towards building a rewarding career.

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PhD in Germany [Complete Guide]

Few achievements in life match the feeling of being awarded a PhD. Doctorates represent the pinnacle of academic achievement, and require years of diligent study.

The rewards, however, are great. Not only does a Ph.D. give you bragging rights at cocktail parties, but it also provides excellent job prospects and earning potential. But what if you want to study for a PhD outside of your home country?

Germany is an increasingly popular destination for international students, offering high-quality education and research facilities at a fraction of the cost of studying in the US or UK. Germany offers and takes research extremely seriously, and is one of the world's most popular places to study for a PhD or higher education.

But what kinds of PhDs are available, how much do they cost, and how do students apply? Let's find out.

General information

Germany is widely seen as one of the best places to apply for a PhD worldwide

The country offers excellent education and research facilities as well as competitive funding opportunities for doctoral students.

There are different types of Ph.D. programs in Germany. That's no surprise, as   Germany invented the elite academic qualification in the 19th century . German PhDs cover subjects as diverse as history, linguistics, and philosophy, or chemistry, molecular biology, earth sciences, and computer science. Most lower level degree subjects can be extended to PhD level if the student desires.

How can I get a PhD in Germany?

There are   two main ways   to complete a PhD in Germany. Most commonly,   students form a working relationship with a specific   Doktorvater   or   Doktormutter   (or "supervisor" in English). They then work on a tightly focused research task for the duration of their studies.   The fruits of their university research are then presented as a "Doctorate" ( Doktorarbeit ), which tends to resemble a medium-length book.

In some cases,   "Structured" PHDs are available . These resemble taught Masters degrees, but still have a strong research element. They may also focus on work placements.

How long does it take to get a PhD in Germany?

Generally speaking,   a standard research-oriented German doctorate can be obtained within 4-6 years . This depends on the speed of work and personal factors such as having children.   Structured doctorates can often be completed in just 3 years , but this varies from course to course.

International PhD Programs

Germany welcomes international students to study at PhD level

Many programs offer specialist assistance and course structures for overseas students.

DAAD   (the German Academic Exchange Service) brings together   grants for international students at leading German universities . It's the best place to start   hunting for scholarships to help fund your studies .

Is a PhD in Germany free?

PhDs at German universities are usually available free of charge for international students , but   living costs   aren't covered. However, scholarships can cover (most) living costs.   DAAD grants will average around €1,200 per month , and additional funding sources may be available.

A group of prominent universities has also created a funding scheme   called   StipendumPlus , which also distributes grants. Between them, finding financial help should be possible.

Do PhD students get paid in Germany?

It's not routine for international students to be paid for their work , but it is definitely possible to find paid research posts. Enquire with your supervisor, and you may find that paid jobs are available to supplement your income.

How to find your PhD Position

Finding the right PhD is essential

It's   a huge investment of both finances and time , and could change the course of your life. So here are some useful tips to remember.

Take time to find a   supervisor   you want to work with.   Balance their academic record with the resources of the university, and have a chat with them   if possible. You need to be able to work with them on a daily basis.

• Searching for doctorate programs has been made much easier by databases like   DAAD . Use them to assess every option.
• Consult   university rankings   to avoid poor-quality teaching.
• Check for services like career advice and travel grants. As a PhD researcher, you may need to travel worldwide, and this can be expensive.
• Ask about work opportunities as well. Research posts at your university are the best way to add some extra income, while gaining relevant experience.

Requirements and Application

Before you can commence doctorate studies in Germany, you'll need to complete an application process

If you want to study a traditional PhD,   applications must be carried out via your prospective supervisor .

When   you contact   the supervisor   and they   agree to work with you, they will forward your request to the relevant faculty . The department will then request:

• A statement from your supervisor
• Proof of your academic qualification 
• 1-2 academic references
• Proof of   language proficiency
• A valid   student visa   and   health insurance

Structured PhDs don't require students to go through a supervisor.   In those cases, applications are made via the faculty, and will usually be carried out via online portals.

To study a PhD, requirements generally demand a Masters degree   (8 semesters of university education), as well as English and German proficiency to a high level.

IELTS English certificates , and   TestDaf German courses   are advisable for all doctoral candidates, even if they have studied those languages in the past.

PhDs are a huge investment of both finances and time, so it's important to do your research before choosing a supervisor and program. Make sure to consult university rankings and databases like DAAD when making your decision. Once you've been accepted into a program, make sure to apply for scholarships and grants to help cover your living costs.

Finally, remember to ask about work opportunities as well – research posts are a great way to gain relevant experience and supplement your income.

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97 PhD programmes

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University of Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology ERC-funded PhD position in immunology to gut microbes

• Type of Promotion: Full PhD
• Application deadline: 15.07.2024
• Working language: English
• Beginning: as soon as possible
• Required degree: Diplom, Master
• Location: Würzburg

Last changed: 21.06.2024 (Published: 21.06.2024)

more More about ERC-funded PhD position in immunology to gut microbes - University of Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Abteilung Personal PhD Student (f/m/d) Ion Transport in 2D Polymer-Based Monolayers and Heterostructures

• Application deadline: 05.07.2024
• Working language: German, English
• Beginning: 01.09.2024
• Required degree: Master, Diplom
• Location: Dresden

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Ion Transport in 2D Polymer-Based Monolayers and Heterostructures - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Abteilung Personal

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie- und Klima­forschung Doktorand – Elektrochemische Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien und Komponenten zur AEM-Elektrolyse (w/m/d)

• Application deadline: 09.07.2024
• Required degree: Master
• Location: Jülich

Last changed: 19.06.2024 (Published: 19.06.2024)

more More about Doktorand – Elektrochemische Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien und Komponenten zur AEM-Elektrolyse (w/m/d) - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie- und Klima­forschung

University of Münster Faculty of Medicine PhD Student (gn*) Chemistry, (Bio)-Chemistry, Biology, Molecular Biology, (Bio)-Medicine

• Application deadline: 31.07.2024
• Location: Münster

more More about PhD Student (gn*) Chemistry, (Bio)-Chemistry, Biology, Molecular Biology, (Bio)-Medicine - University of Münster Faculty of Medicine

Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Software and Systems Engineering Research assistant (m/f/d) in the field of Dependable (Safe and Secure) Autonomous Driving

• Application deadline: 15.08.2024
• Location: Clausthal-Zellerfeld

more More about Research assistant (m/f/d) in the field of Dependable (Safe and Secure) Autonomous Driving - Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Software and Systems Engineering

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Institut für Infektionsforschung und Impfstoffentwicklung PhD positions in Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1648 - Emerging Viruses: Pathogenesis, Structure, Immunity

• Application deadline: 14.07.2024
• Beginning: 01.10.2024
• Location: Hamburg

Last changed: 18.06.2024 (Published: 18.06.2024)

more More about PhD positions in Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1648 - Emerging Viruses: Pathogenesis, Structure, Immunity - Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Institut für Infektionsforschung und Impfstoffentwicklung

Max-Planck-Institut für ethnologische Forschung Personalverwaltung Doctoral Students (m/f/d) for the Department 'Law & Anthropology'

• Application deadline: 01.08.2024
• Working language: English, German
• Beginning: 01.11.2024
• Required degree: Master, State Examination
• Location: Halle an der Saale

Last changed: 17.06.2024 (Published: 17.06.2024)

more More about Doctoral Students (m/f/d) for the Department 'Law & Anthropology' - Max-Planck-Institut für ethnologische Forschung Personalverwaltung

Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Fachbereich „Proteinanalytik“ Doktorand*in (m/w/d) der Fachrichtung Chemie oder vergleichbar

• Application deadline: 03.07.2024
• Working language: German
• Required degree: Diplom
• Location: Berlin

more More about Doktorand*in (m/w/d) der Fachrichtung Chemie oder vergleichbar - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Fachbereich „Proteinanalytik“

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut für Fluiddynamik und Abteilung Prozessmetallurgie PhD Student (f/m/d) Interfacial Solution for priorto- equilibrium rare-earth separator with Magnetic-Assisted Solvent extraction (INTOMaSX)

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Interfacial Solution for priorto- equilibrium rare-earth separator with Magnetic-Assisted Solvent extraction (INTOMaSX) - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut für Fluiddynamik und Abteilung Prozessmetallurgie

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Elektronik (IHE) Research associate / PhD candidate (f/m/d)

• Location: Karlsruhe

more More about Research associate / PhD candidate (f/m/d) - Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Elektronik (IHE)

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Health Insurance for Foreign PhD Students in Germany

As an international Ph.D. student in Germany, you must have health insurance during your stay here!

A Few Quick Facts About Health Insurance In Germany Before We Go Into More Detail:

• Everyone in Germany is obliged by law to have health insurance.
• There are two types of health insurance in Germany: public (statutory) and private health insurance.
• Students are usually eligible for public health insurance; however, this varies for Ph.D. students. More on this just below .
• Private health insurance in Germany is a great choice for people who want their insurance to be comprehensive and customized to their health needs and finances.
• Public health insurance in Germany usually covers basic services. Some students want more coverage during their stay in Germany, which is why many purchase additional private insurance.

What Type of Health Insurance Can I Get as an International PhD Student in Germany?

As a Ph.D. student in Germany, the type of health insurance you can get depends on whether or not you are employed by your university. See below!

International PhD Students Employed by the University

If you are employed by the university as a lecturer or research assistant, you are eligible for public health insurance in Germany. As a staff member, you will have to pay a contribution of  7.3%, matched by another 7.3% from your employer.

Note: As of 2023, health insurance providers are allowed to charge an average additional contribution of up to 1.7% and up to 4% long-term nursing care, shared by employer and employee.

As a doctoral student employed by the university, it is unlikely that your salary will exceed the threshold of €69,300 (as of 2024) per year — something that would disqualify you from the public health insurance scheme unless you decided to continue on a voluntary basis.

The university usually organizes healthcare for doctoral students in this category, which means you will not be responsible for the logistics. However, you can still choose your health insurance provider as long as you let the university know in due time.

International PhD Students Not Employed by the University

If you belong in this category, the type of health insurance you can get will depend on factors like your age, employment status, and the amount you earn if you are employed.

• If you are a doctoral student below the age of 30 , you can enroll in the student public health insurance scheme in Germany.
• As a doctoral student over the age of 30 , you should look for private health insurance providers.

The advantage of private health insurance plans is that you can customize them according to your health record and financial needs. Private providers usually offer more comprehensive plans compared to public insurance schemes.

For example, Provisit Science by DR-WALTER in Germany is a private health insurance plan customized for foreign Ph.D. students. It meets the same legal requirements as statutory health insurance but covers more services than public health insurance.

Can I Still Enroll in Public Health Insurance Somehow?

If you are over the age of 30 and are working part-time in any institution, you can still enroll in a standard public health insurance scheme through your employer.

International PhD Students on a Scholarship

If you are currently doing your Ph.D. in Germany through a doctoral grant or scholarship, you must check whether you have health insurance coverage through the organization that offers your grant and if it is sufficient for your circumstances.

Can I Use My European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)?

As an international PhD student in Germany, you can only use your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) if your studies abroad are less than one semester. If you stay longer, you must abide by the above-mentioned regulations.

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Fully-Funded PhD Opportunities at Renowned European Universities

Fully Funded PhD Opportunities at Renowned European Universities in diverse fields forall nationalities!

Exciting Prospects Across Diverse Academic Disciplines for Applicants of All Nationalities

We are thrilled to announce a range of fully funded PhD positions available at prestigious universities throughout Europe. These exceptional opportunities span an array of cutting-edge fields, including:

• Biochemistry
• Agricultural Sciences
• Electronic Engineering
• Sports Science
• Mathematics
• Molecular and Cellular Biology

Elevate your academic journey and contribute to groundbreaking research at top-tier institutions such as:

• University of Bordeaux
• University of Galway
• Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering POLYMAT Fundazioa
• Universität Heidelberg
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• Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen
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• Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics
• Université de Namur
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• University of Cologne

This is your chance to be part of shaping the future of science and technology. Apply now for these fully funded PhD opportunities, open to applicants of all nationalities.

Explore diverse opportunities and take your academic and research career to new heights. Apply now for Doctoral (PhD) positions at these prestigious institutions.

PhD Student in Integration of morphological constraints in tomographic image reconstruction through deep learning: Application in Biology, University of Bordeaux (France)

PhD Student in Soil Molecular Microbial Ecology, University of Galway (Ireland)

PhD Student in Chemistry, Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering POLYMAT Fundazioa (Spain)

PhD Student in Machine Learning in Particle Physics, Universität Heidelberg (Germany)

PhD Student in electrochemistry - LEPMI, Grenoble INP - Institute of Engineering (France)

PhD Student in Creep of zirconium based nuclear fuel claddings, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Sports Science, Swansea University (United Kingdom) 

PhD student in Mathematics, Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (Germany)

PhD student within the Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials at the Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur (Belgium)

PhD Student in Biochemistry, University for Continuing Education Krems (Austria)

PhD Student in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cologne (Germany)

Don't miss this opportunity to engage in groundbreaking research and advance your academic career in Europe.

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Structured PhD programmes

DAAD/Volker Lannert

Structured doctoral programmes differ from traditional doctoral research. In Germany, structured doctoral programmes are  very similar to the PhD programmes in English-speaking countries , in which a team of supervisors look after a group of doctoral students.

Structured doctoral programmes often have a  strong international orientation  with English as the team language. Unlike the individual doctorate model that can be freely structured to suit the individual research project, here doctoral students and their research proposals have to fit in with an existing PhD programme.

The doctorate frequently entails a  clearly structured doctoral study   programme  with compulsory attendance at lectures or seminars and interim assessment (credit points). The programme frequently also covers  academic and scientific methods or soft skills , such as presentation techniques.

As a rule, PhD Students work steadily at realising their research project within the team and with intensive  support from a group of academic staff  (often referred to as the “thesis committee”).

The duration of your studies is generally   limited to three to five years, and there is usually a fixed curriculum within which you work toward your doctorate and write your thesis.