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100 Best Literature Research Paper Topics For Students

Literary research paper topics are among the most interesting to write about. Books are the best teachers for most learners. And, students love reading interesting literature books. But, when asked to write research papers, most students have difficulties choosing their topics. That’s because many issues can be investigated and written about.

For instance, literary topics can be about characters’ personalities in certain works. They can also be about particular characteristics of specific literary genres. Learners can also choose literary analysis topics that focus on the life story of famous writers or poets. But, regardless of what a learner opts to write about, they should choose interesting topics.

What are Interesting Literary Research Paper Topics?

Several factors make a topic interesting to write about. A topic for a research paper or a graduate thesis should generally be definite, specific, and innovative. Also, it should be interesting to research and write about. Here’s how to select interesting literature topics:

Think about something. Explore the idea to select a topic for which you can find sufficient research data from credible sources. Narrow down your subject if you find it too broad.

English literature topics can be classified into different categories. Here some of these categories and topics can be considered in each category.

Great World Literature Research Topics

Perhaps, you’ve been asked to write a literature research paper with a global perspective. Here are some of the literary analysis research paper topics that you can consider.

Explain how the supernatural and spirituality help in furthering the development of the plot in the Latin American literature of the early 20th century.
What themes are common in the Japanese poems of the early 20th century? How do they differ from those of the early 19th century?
Compare the early Chinese literary works and European literary works of the middle ages. How different or alike are they?
How were European literary works in the early 20th century shaped by the revolutionary works of Engels and Marx? What examples can demonstrate this influence?
Explain how the Muslim philosophers’ work of the 15th century led to new ideas and inventions across the globe.
Compare and contrast different anti-British works that originated in India in the 19th century with pro-colonialist works that came from England at the same time.
How did the nightmarish utopian future ideas of Aldous Huxley influence modern-day science fiction writers across the world?
Explain how the Antigone play by Sophocles deals with the conflict between the central characters while relating to the state laws and individual conscience.
How are the sentiments of the authors reflected in Animal Farm by George Orwell and concerns about the October Revolution?
Explain some of the examples of literary fiction pieces that have shaped cultures in the world. Have historic, societal, and cultural factors played some roles in shaping these literature pieces?
Being a prolific writer in the early and mid-19th century, Charles Dickens’s works were published in serialized forms. How and why has this approach become less fashionable?
Compare and contrast the early Japanese literature works and the early Chinese literature works. How do they differ in terms of values and culture?
Explain how comedy differs in literature across cultures. What comedy appeared in the early theatrical performances and it’s still present in modern literature?
Analyze chivalry and honor critically in the Green Knight and Sir Gawain. What are the qualities of these works from a similar period?
Compare and contrast the Odyssey and Iliad by Homer the Ancient Greek. Explain how cultures across the world have adapted the themes presented in the poem.

British Literature Research Paper Topics

Students have many topics to choose from when it comes to British literature essay topics. Here are some of the best literature topics from the works of British authors.

Discuss Victorian England’s picture with the works of Charles Dickens in mind
Discuss the theme of Orphans with the Oliver Twist character in mind
Explain how British Literature has influenced different cultures
Explain how British literature has addressed gender issues
Explain how King Lear highlights the differences between anti-heroes and villains
Explain William Shakespeare’s personality- Highlight facts and myths
Choose two famous British novels and then compare the characters in them
Explain the viewpoint of different writers about the Utopian civilization idea
With Harry Potter books in mind, explain why some literature books are considered classics
Explain how love and romantic love are presented in Charlotte Bronte’s works
Explain how modern literary works have been affected by the Victorian period works
Discuss the adultery theme in Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
Who are the main characters in Lake Poets’ works?
Explain how violent imagery was used in World War I poetry
Explain talent as a theme in Milton’s on His Blindness
Explain innocence loss in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
Explain the theme of individualism versus collectivism in Oliver Twist
Explain why the popularity of detective novels increased in the XIX century
What role did the supernatural play in Macbeth: a case study of three witches
Class demarcation in XVII century- The vengeance theme

American Literature Topics

Some teachers ask students to choose American literature research topics for certain reasons. If asked to write on such topics, here are some of the American literature research paper topics to consider.

Analyze key aspects of American ideology, particularly in the literature written before the 20th century.
Determine thematic concerns and literary styles of the major historical period of American literature between the colonial period and post-modernism.
Show the American identity uniqueness of texts
Propose connections between the American literature concerns and themes in the larger historical development and social issues that face the present world
Examine major concerns and themes that reappear across the American literature
Highlight the major themes in Absalom, Absalom by William Faulkner
Explain the African American Experience with female authors like Alice Walker, Zora Neal Hurston, and Toni Morrison
Explain the predominant theme in The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton
Explain how Jonathan Edwards epitomizes Puritan definitions in his sermons
Explain the use of historical personalities and events by Washington Irving as the background for his works
The Crucible demonstrates how a community can be torn apart by hysteria. Explain
Explain how Sylvia Plath demonstrates the social pressure faced by women in the 1960s in the Bell Jar.
Explain how John Knowles demonstrates the impact of war on everyone
Explain the strong belief in the education power by Maya Angelou as depicted in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Explain how Thornton Wilder conveys life as a gift in Our Town
Discuss the themes of anger and pity in the Grapes of Wrath
Explain how Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck portrays the Great Depression struggles
Discuss the portrayal of the unconquerable spirit in Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway.
Plays by Eugene O’Neil are tragically realistic. Explain
God is humanized in The Creation poem by James Weldon Johnson. Explain

Some of the ideas here are great poetry topics. Nevertheless, they require careful research and analysis to write about.

High School Literary Essay Topics

Some topics in literature are ideal for high school essays. Here are examples of literary analysis paper topics for high school students.

Compare and contrast the major characters in your preferred book
Choose your favorite character in a book and explain your reasons for liking it
Please explain why the quality of a literature book is not determined by its length
Highlight the similarities of your favorite books
Discuss the top 4 authors in horror books
Explain why reading some books is more difficult than reading others
Explain what it takes to write a high-quality poem
Who is your favorite poet and why?
Explain what makes your favorite book interesting
Who is your favorite character in literary works and why?
What makes some literature books difficult to read?
Who are your favorite top 5 authors and why?
Should the age of readers be restricted to some books?
What is your favorite literary genre?
Explain why the author determines the quality of a book more than the story
Discuss the literary works of your favorite authors
Why is it important to captivate readers with the introductory chapter of a book?
Which book genre makes great movies?
Why is the work of Harry Potter so popular?
Explain why your favorite horror book is scary

Unique Research Topics in English Literature

Some literature research topics are unique and can be written about by learners at different study levels. Here are examples of such topics.

Analyze the use of literary devices in novels
Discuss the author’s autobiography
Analyze literary genres and the role played by an artist in them
Compare the works of a similar genre
Highlight the gender roles of characters in literary works
Social stratification and Harry Potter- Discuss
With Charles Dickens’ work in mind, explain the peculiarity of the bildungsroman genre.
Explain how The Lord of the Rings uses artificial language
Explain how the Sherlock Holmes image influences the world of detective fiction
Explain the war theme in the world literature

These are also great literary journalism topics. Nevertheless, they require extensive research to write about.

In a nutshell, students have many literary argument topics to consider. The most important thing is to choose an interesting topic that you can find sufficient data to write about. Also, don’t hesitate to check our history topics .

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Are you looking for an engaging literary research paper topic? Whether you're writing a college-level essay or a master's thesis, the right literature research paper topics can make all the difference. They range from exploring particular genres or authors to examining the use of language in literary works. By researching these topics, you will gain a greater understanding of the ideas, improve your critical thinking skills, and learn to appreciate the nuances. This article will explore such literature topics for research and open up endless possibilities for analysis and interpretation, ranging from classic to modern-day texts. Are you ready to choose a trending topic and write a paper that will win your professor’s heart?

What Are Literary Research Paper Topics?

Literary research paper topics focus on a particular literary work, such as a book, poem, novel, play, or story. They provide a great starting point for researching the specific aspect you're planning to explore for a better perception of the idea and help to eliminate any artificial facet. Literary research topics may analyze a single text, compare different writings by the same author, or contrast different authors' styles. Common literature topics for research papers comprise symbolism, characterization, themes, plot structure, historical context, point-of-view analysis, biographical contexts, and intertextual connections. These research paper topics may also focus on how an author has been interpreted or evaluated over time, analyzing the critical reception of their works and examining any changes within literary canonization. Additionally, these topics can explore how literary works intersect with other disciplines, such as philosophy, psychology, sociology, politics, or economics.

Characteristics of Good Literature Research Paper Topics

Literary research paper topics are usually considered good when they are:

Relevant They should be engaging, thought-provoking, and appropriate to the academic work.
Specific Similarly, good literature research topics must have a narrow focus and not be overly broad.
Interesting They should pique your interest and encourage you to explore and aspire to know more about the literary work.
Challenging Deep analysis, thoughtful reflection, and creative thinking are also vital.
Unique They should be memorable and offer new insights into academic work.

With these important characteristics of literary topics for research papers in mind, you're ready to start writing!

How to Choose a Literature Research Paper Topic?

Choosing a literature research paper topic can be daunting, but with careful thought and planning, you're sure to find the perfect one. In order to do this, you need to complete the following:

Brainstorm: First, start by brainstorming topics that interest you. Think about the works you've been studying, authors and genres you enjoy reading, and themes that have resonated with you.
Narrow it down: Once you've identified a few research topics that intrigue you, narrow them down to one that is most relevant and specific.
Research: Explore if it is relevant. This will guarantee that you have enough material to work with.
Refine: Once you have researched, refine your topic to ensure it is specific and engaging. Consider the most interesting aspects and how they can be explored further.
Choose: Finally, choose the title that best reflects your interests and passions for an enjoyable research experience!

With these tips, you can find the perfect literary research paper topic! Don’t have time for reading piles of books? Get professional help with research paper writing from StudyCrumb and have your study completed by a real pro.

List of Literature Research Paper Topics

A list of literature topics for research offers a wide range of literary-related issues that can be explored and studied for your project. It includes ideas that could spark your creativity and help you choose the best title. Whether you're interested in exploring the works of Shakespeare or examining modern literature, this list of literary research paper topics has something for everyone!

Use of symbolism in romantic poetry.
Importance of technology within cyberpunk genres.
Impact of fantasy on contemporary culture.
Representation of male or female authors as represented by classic literary works.
Postmodernist views of time and space in literature.
Representation of race and ethnicity within contemporary fiction.
Representation of LGBTQ characters in literary works.
The role of mythology during the era of ancient works.
Social media impact on modern texts.
Classic and contemporary literary criticism.

Interesting Literary Research Paper Topics

If you are interested in classic books or modern trends, these ideas can be a fascinating starting point for your project. They include theories, criticism, comparison, and specific authors or genres. Besides providing an analysis of the work, a literary research paper topic could also comprise examining different themes. Explore the following interesting literature topics for your project:

Literary influences of Jane Austen's works.
Symbolism as represented by gothic texts.
Relevance of classic mythology within contemporary fiction.
The role of magic or fantasy in children's literature.
The role of women in Victorian literature.
Representation of race and ethnicity in early 20th-century literature.
Themes of love and loss in romantic poetry.
The use of horror genres in contemporary fiction.
Postcolonialism's impact on literary works.
Nature in 19th-century literature .
Representation of LGBTQ characters as represented by contemporary fiction.
Technology's impact on modern literary works.
Classic and contemporary interpretations of gothic texts.
The role of magic and fantasy in modern literary works.
Representation of death and loss in 20th-century works.

Great Literature Research Paper Topics

A list of great literature research topics provides a variety of ideas related to literary works. These research topics in literature can offer an exciting starting point for your English paper:

Rebellion themes in Shakespeare's tragedies.
Class and economic status in Victorian texts.
Symbolism in romantic poetry.
Impact of British imperialism on literary fiction worldwide.
Gender and sexuality representation in early 20th-century writings.
Postcolonialism in 19th-century fiction.
The literary influence of WWII on modern writings.
Vampires' role in gothic literary texts.
Use of fantasy in childhood writings.
Technology's impact on contemporary literary works.
Race and ethnicity as represented by postmodern fiction.
Religion in romantic poetry.
Themes of love and loss in 20th-century texts.
Horror genres in literary fiction.
Postmodernism's impact on contemporary literary works.

Unique Literature Research Paper Topics

Unique literature topics for research papers can help students explore new concepts and gain a deeper understanding of their subject. Below are rare literature paper topics for you to review:

The role of jealousy in 17th-century literary works.
Gender identity as represented by reformist fiction.
Mythological figures as portrayed by Greek and Roman poetry.
The relationship between gender and power in Shakespeare's plays.
Themes of isolation in 20th-century British poetry.
Metaphors in the works of Gabriel García Márquez .
Themes of rebellion and revolution in African American literary texts.
The role of women in medieval romance literature.
Poverty representation in Victorian novels.
Themes of oppression and freedom in colonial Latin American texts.
Use of metaphor and allegory in Dante's divine comedy.
Influence of industrialization on 19th-century fiction.
Dystopian settings within modern literature.
Religion in contemporary fiction.

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Controversial Literary Research Paper Topics

Controversial literary research topics can provide students with an opportunity to explore complex and sometimes contentious issues related to literary texts. Find below a controversial literary research paper topic for your dream English project!

Racial stereotypes during 19th-century English literature.
Themes of sexuality and desire in ancient Greek poetry.
The relationship between political power and language in Shakespeare's plays.
Conflict representation during 20th-century English fiction.
English role in colonial Indian literature.
Gender and racial representations within African American autobiographies.
Themes of justice and control in Victorian English novels.
Themes of oppression and resistance in feminist texts.
The role of English in modern Japanese fiction.
Themes of identity and belonging in postcolonial Indian literature.
Censorship, free speech, and social responsibility in 19th-century English novels.
Politics and power representations in Latin American poetry.
Gender, race, and class representations in English renaissance drama.
English as a tool for political ideology within the works of George Orwell.
Language used to defy authority during modern fiction writing.

Fresh Literature Research Paper Ideas

Coming up with fresh ideas for literature research topics can be daunting. Students may want to look at the works they have studied or venture outside the traditional reading list and explore different authors and genres. Some literature research paper ideas comprise studying how certain authors influenced the literary movement, analyzing how language has been used throughout history, or examining gender, race, and class representations from a literary text. Here is a perfect list of fresh ideas!

Aesthetics as presented by postmodern fiction.
The theme of loss as portrayed by African authors .
Use of language throughout history.
Identity and belonging representation in contemporary young adult fiction.
The intersection between art and literature in modern poetry.
Themes of authority, rebellion, and revolution in medieval epic poetry.
Role of fantasy in horror fiction.
Gender, race, and class representations within British romanticism.
American literary realism and naturalism.
Influence of symbolism on French modernist poetry.
Construction of memory within African American autobiographies.
Representation of narrative time in Latin American fiction.
Social injustice theme during early 20th-century American drama.
The relationship between social identity and language during postcolonial fiction.
Values and beliefs representations as presented by ancient Greek mythology.

Literature Research Paper Topics for Students

For students looking for research topics in literature for study, there is a wide variety of options available. Depending on the level and course, they might focus on analyzing particular authors, literary movements, or genres, exploring the use of language throughout history, or examining representations of gender, race, and class in books. You also need to study literary devices and their effects on readers when exploring literary topics for a research paper . Below are examples of literature topics for different students:

Literature Research Paper Topics for High School

These are literature topics to research, specifically tailored to high school students. They involve exploring the influence of literary work on culture, analyzing a single author's literary movement or genre, or investigating language use throughout history. This list of research topics in literature for high school provides an original starting point for your literary project!

Racism as presented during early 20th-century works.
Social criticism within contemporary dystopian young adult fiction.
Folklore's impact on contemporary poetry.
Representation of nature in modern literature.
Spirituality as portrayed by reformist literature.
Social class representation within postmodern novels.
The theme of environment in romantic works.
Colonialism representation during postcolonial works.
Effects of pop culture on modern fiction.
Mental illness representation during 19th-century poetry.
The role of music and art in early 20th-century literary texts.
Literature's influence on identity building in minority cultures.
Family dynamics in postmodern poetry.
Family and community representations during gothic fiction.
Literature as a tool for social change.

Literature Research Paper Topics for College Students

These titles entail more serious and in-depth scrutiny than a high school literary paper. A college-level literary research paper topic provides students with a broader range of analysis. It encompasses looking at literature as a form of political commentary to get its relationship with other art forms. Below are literature research paper topics for college students:

Identity construction during postmodern poetry.
Alienation themes within modern fiction.
Gender role representations in Shakespearean tragedies.
The relationship between narrative and memory within Holocaust literature.
Nature's role in contemporary American fiction.
Authority and subversion themes during the early 20th-century drama.
Race, class, and gender representation within African American autobiographies.
Social media influence the literary language.
The relationship between social identity and language in postcolonial fiction.
Values as presented by ancient Greek mythology .
Psychological distress during 20th-century war narratives.
Attitudes towards mental illness as portrayed by gothic texts.
The relationship between science and literary imagination.
Social hierarchy within Victorian novels.
Religion's role in southern American literature.

Literary Research Paper Topics by Categories

Research paper topics for literature by category offer an exclusive and stimulating perspective on literary analysis worldwide. They can be grouped into literary movements, authors, and genres, as well as topics related to language and history. If you are interested in European, American, and English literature topics, these ideas will help you find the perfect literary research paper topic for your project.

World Literature Research Paper Topics

Research paper topics for world literature allow students to explore literary works from any part of the world, including texts written in English, Spanish, and other languages. Below is a list that provides original world literature research topics for any project:

Impact of colonialism on native literary traditions.
Gender representation within French literature.
Religion's role within literary works from Latin America.
Symbolism in English poetry from the 19th century.
Themes of nationalism within modern Russian fiction.
Power and politics in Spanish plays.
Conflict as portrayed by African literature.
The role of folklore within Chinese fiction.
Themes of cultural identity in Japanese drama.
Family ties in Italian poetry.
Symbolism in Arabic literature.
Social class representation in Indian novels.
Impact of globalization on middle eastern fiction.
Human rights themes by contemporary Australian poets.
Western representations of other cultures in modern literature.

American Literature Research Paper Topics

In research paper topics for American literature, you examine the works of early American writers and poets, as well as those from later periods. Here is a list of American literature topics for your paper!

Attitudes towards race in early American novels.
Colonialism during 19th-century poetry.
Freedom and rebellion themes within revolutionary literature.
The emergence of gothic horror in American fiction.
Impact of transcendentalism on American writing.
Gender representation during pre-civil war literature .
Themes of morality in post-World War II American fiction.
Role of religion during 19th-century American novels.
Slavery and its abolition by American poets.
Social class representation during early American drama.
Themes of identity in postmodern American fiction.
Industrialization of 20th-century literature.
War and conflict representation by contemporary American playwrights.
Racism in 20th-century American novels.
Assimilation and immigration themes in post-World War II American literature.

British Literature Research Paper Topics

In British literature research topics, you explore works from early British writers to contemporary authors. Ideally, research topics for British literature should encompass works written by authors from all eras, including Medieval, Renaissance, and modern. Here is a list of English literature research paper topics for your perfect essay!

Gender representation during medieval English literature.
Colonialism's effects on British literary works during the 18th century.
Influence of British writers on modern literature.
The role of nature in 18th-century British novels.
Interpretations of classic British literary works.
Social class representations during 19th-century British fiction.
Themes of love and romance within Victorian literature.
Industrialization's impact on 20th-century British novels.
Patriotism and nationalism during post-World War II literary work.
Multiculturalism representations in postmodern British fiction.
Effects of censorship on British authors during the 20th century.
Mental health representation in modern British poetry.
Representation of historical events in British works throughout time.
Technological representations in 21st-century British Novels.
Intersectionality by contemporary British playwrights.

Did you know that you can generate a bunch of title ideas using our Research Paper Topic Generator ?

European Literary Research Paper Topics

European literature research paper topics offer an excellent opportunity to explore the works of European authors. They allow you to study and analyze the academic traditions and cultures of some of Europe's most influential writers. You can find such literary research paper topic ideas in the list below:

Representations of the European monarchy in classic novels.
Censorship effects on European authors during the 20th century.
Impact of World War II on European authors.
Gender representations within Victorian poetry.
Literary works from different countries and cultures in Europe.
Use of language, symbolism, and imagery to explore themes in European texts.
Themes of nature and environment within German short stories.
Technology representations in late Victorian poetry.
Popular culture's influence on European literary movements from the 20th century to modern times.
Impact of European literary works on people's perceptions of other cultures.
Use of supernatural elements within European gothic writings from the 18th to 19th centuries.
Identity representations in French social realism texts.
Technology's impact on contemporary European literary works.
Family and community representations during post-war theater.
Themes of justice and injustice within European dystopian texts.

Literature Research Paper Ideas by Periods

You may aspire to find literature topics for research papers from different historical periods. This involves studying literature from various cultures or eras, such as ancient, medieval, or modern ones. These ideas also cover the examination of themes and symbols used in writings and scrutinizing characters and their development through various works. Other topics include the exploration of texts from a political perspective in relation to their historical contexts. These ideas contain some literary research topics from various periods:

Ancient Literary Research Paper Topics

There are many exciting options to consider if you're looking for ancient literature research paper topics. They can be studied with regard to history, culture, art, and philosophy. To gain more insight, you could explore the works of Homer, Henry James, Virgil, and the Mahabharata, or old Egyptian writings, such as The Iliad and Odyssey . Below is a list of ancient literature topics for research you can choose from.

Gender representations in epic poetry.
Role of mythology and religion in ancient texts.
Influence of philosophy on ancient literature.
Power representations in Greek tragedy.
Heroism by early epic authors.
Love and marriage in ancient texts.
Ancient narratives of war and conflict.
Slavery representations in Roman poetry.
The role of music and art in classical literature.
Nature representations in ancient texts.
Politics' influence on Greek comedy.
Family and community representations in roman narratives.
Characters' representation in epic poetry.
The role of technology in early literary works.
Representations of the divine in ancient texts.

Read more: History Research Topics for Students

Medieval Literature Research Paper Topics

The medieval literary study provides a unique opportunity to explore literature research topics of the Middle Ages. From Beowulf to The Canterbury Tales , these works offer insights into this era's cultural beliefs and values. Here are such literary topics for research papers to focus on:

Representations of medieval chivalry in literary works.
Religion's influence on medieval works.
Gender representation in medieval texts.
The role of magic in medieval narratives.
The impact of feudalism on medieval texts.
Honor and loyalty representations by chivalric texts.
The role of courtly love in medieval works.
Knights and warriors' representations in literary works.
Warfare representations in medieval texts.
The role of education and learning in medieval literature.

Renaissance Literary Research Paper Topics

The Renaissance literature research paper ideas explore works of literature during the Renaissance era, which spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. They focus on the themes, authors, and literature of this period to provide a better understanding of how literary works have evolved within this timeframe and their impact on our current literature. Some of the most influential figures who contributed immensely to writings during this era were William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes. If you are interested in researching this period, you can consider a literature research paper topic from the list below:

Love and romance representations in Renaissance texts.
Science and technology in 16th-century literature.
Class and social status representations in Renaissance literary works.
Classical mythology in Renaissance poetry.
Representations of family and community in Renaissance narratives.
Effects of humanism on Renaissance literature in Europe.
Imagery role by William Shakespeare .
Representations of art, music, and theater in Renaissance texts.
Politics' role in 16th-century literary texts.
Nature representation by John Milton or Torquato Tasso.
Exploration influence on Renaissance narratives.
Influence of Renaissance literature on modern writing.
Women's representation in literary texts by Anne Bradstreet or Aphra Behn.
Magic and supernatural representations in literary works of Renaissance.
Humanism and individualism themes within Renaissance literature.

Romantic Literature Research Paper Ideas

Romantic literature emerged during the late 18th century and flourished throughout the early 19th century in Europe. It is characterized by its focus on emotion and depictions of nature. This movement had a lasting impact on literary works and has been highly influential. Research topics in literature can explore the writings of authors such as Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and William Wordsworth. Here are some ideas related to romanticism:

Nature representations in Romantic texts.
The role of emotion as depicted in 19th-century literature.
Influence of Romantic authors on modern literature and culture.
Women's representation in Romantic narratives.
Industrialization impact on 19th-century texts.
Influence of religion and superstition in early Romantic texts.
Use of technology to discuss themes in Romantic texts from the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The role of education as portrayed by Romantic narratives.
Character analysis and plot structure in gothic fiction.
Nationalism and patriotism as represented by post-Napoleonic war poems.

Modernist Literary Research Paper Topics

Modern literature emerged during the early 20th century until the end of World War II. It is characterized by a rejection of traditional conventions and focused on experimentation with form. This movement had an unprecedented impact on literature research topics and is highly influential today. If you are looking for literary topics for research papers that focus on modernism, consider exploring the following:

Nature representations by modern texts.
Social inequality in 21st-century novels.
Modernism's influence on current literature and culture.
Climate change within contemporary fiction.
Impact of social injustice on 20th-century literary works.
Urbanization representations by modern literary texts.
Education's influence on modernist narratives.
Wealth and power in early modernist texts.
Themes of urban life by Ezra Pound or Wallace Stevens.
Modernism's impact on classical literature.
Globalization themes within postmodern poetry.
Multiculturalism themes in contemporary literary works.
Mental health representations in modern British novels.
Global conflict representation in modern fiction.
The influence of psychoanalysis on modernist literature.

Current Literature Research Paper Ideas

Current literature paper topics can look at the latest trends. They include exploring contemporary works such as Harry Potter by J.K Rowling and Stardust by Neil Gaiman. These topics may also involve analyzing social media's effects on literary writings. If you are looking for current literary topics for a research paper, consider the following:

Technological impact on literary works in the 21st century.
Art, music, and theater in modern texts.
Impact of conflict on recent literary works.
Social injustice in 21st-century narratives.
Racism, ethnicity, and slavery in contemporary texts.
Wealth and power in recent literary works.
Globalization themes in postmodern poetry.
Urbanization in modern writings.
Immigration within postmodern British novels.

In case you need more paper topics, feel free to browse our blog. We have a wide arsenal of ideas starting from philosophy research paper topics to education research paper topics .

Bottom Line on Literature Research Paper Topics

Literature topics for research can explore a wide range of themes and works. Whether you are looking for visionary ideas about poetry, fiction, or books from different eras, there is no shortage of literature paper topics to choose from. To narrow down your focus and find the best idea for your project, consider researching literary movements, reading widely, and thinking about the areas that interest you most. Literature topics for research papers should be chosen based on students' interests and areas of expertise. By conducting in-depth research, you will gain a greater appreciation for literary work and its impact on society. With this article as a guide, you can take the time to find a topic that speaks to you and create an engaging research paper.

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100 Best Literary Research Topics – Fresh Perspectives on Literature Pieces

Selecting the right literature topics for a research paper work can be challenging due to the wealth of literary works and themes available. To find the perfect topic, focus on your personal character interests, the scope of your assignment, and the availability of resources or requirements of American universities. Reflect on the literary periods, authors, or themes that captivate you, and investigate potential questions or ideas related to them. Seeking guidance from your instructor or peers can also be beneficial, as can browsing academic journals, literary critiques, or scholarly databases to discover trending literature research paper topics or ongoing debates in the literary and cultural field.

How to Understand If a Topic Is Good?

Choose literary topics for research paper works that genuinely interest you ensure there is a sufficient amount of primary and secondary sources, and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. You need to determine if literary research topics in history are suitable for your literary research paper, consider the factors: interest and engagement with the literary research topic, the scope and maintenance of the subject.

Test it with an Outline

You need to create a preliminary outline for your paper, organizing your ideas and potential arguments logically. Together with our research paper writing service , you gain the success results. In another way, you can concentrate on the text`s main points and reveal the literary research topics intricacy, pertinence, and scope.

Write a Thesis Statement

Craft a premise statement that encapsulates your central argument and offers a fresh perspective on your chosen literature research paper ideas to ensure it is neither overly broad. An effective premise statement should be clear, concise, and debatable, sparking further discussion and analysis, and if you feel troubled with managing this task our website writes for you any essay .

List of Literature Research Topics

When choosing literary research topics, consider exploring various spheres of interest that offer diverse subjects for examination. For instance, focus on the works of specific authors, the characteristics of a particular literary period, or the themes and poetry that recur across different eras. Delve into the representation of historical and social issues in literary research topics, such as gender roles, race, or mental health, and investigate how to make the list of the best research paper topics . By examining American literature research topics, you can find literature topics for research that resonates with your interests and contributes to the existing body of literary knowledge. Additionally, you may explore genres like science fiction or magical poetry, examining their impact on society and culture. Investigating the relationship between literature and other disciplines, such as philosophy, psychology, or history, can also yield fascinating American or British lit research paper topics.

British Literature Research Paper Topics

You can investigate captivating elements of literary research paper topics through an array of research work topics. By scrutinizing distinct themes, genres, and historical eras, you can profoundly comprehend the multifaceted and diverse landscape of English literary research subjects and their impact on American authors. This exploration allows you to broaden your knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and foster a genuine appreciation for the creative and intellectual contributions within the field of English literature research topics.

Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Plays.
Power Representation in Jane Austen’s Novels.
Love and Marriage in John Donne’s Poetry.
Gothic literature’s influence on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.
Imperialism in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.
Symbolism in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.
Nature’s Role in William Wordsworth’s Poetry.
Social Class in George Eliot’s Middlemarch.
Supernatural Elements in Bram Stoker’s Dracula.
World War I’s Impact on Early 20th-Century Literature.

American Literature Topics

From iconic novels to influential authors, these literary research topics encompass the essence of American identity, history, and culture. Unravel the complexities of this vast literary landscape as you delve into themes of race, ethnicity, the American Dream, and more, uncovering the unique perspectives and voices that have shaped and defined American literature throughout the centuries.

The American Identity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.
The American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.
The American Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
Race and ethnicity in James Baldwin’s Go Tell It on the Mountain.
The American Slavery in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Road Trip in Jack Kerouac’s On the Road.
Magical Realism in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude.
The American Civil Rights Movement’s Impact on 1960s American Literature.
The American Religion in Flannery O’Connor’s works.
The American West in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian.

Science Fiction Literary Research Essay Topics

With these topics, you can delve into a myriad of literary research topics that explore the depths of futuristic societies, alternate realities, and advanced technology. Unearth the themes, symbolism, and socio-political commentary embedded within these stories, fostering a deeper appreciation for the power and allure of sci-fi literary research topics.

Artificial Intelligence in Asimov’s “I, Robot” and Dick’s “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”
Dystopia in Orwell’s “1984” and Huxley’s “Brave New World.”
Alienation in Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” and Vonnegut’s “Cat’s Cradle.”
Time Travel in Wells’ “The Time Machine” and L’Engle’s “A Wrinkle in Time.”
Genetic Engineering in Huxley’s “Brave New World” and Atwood’s “Oryx and Crake.”
Environmentalism in Herbert’s “Dune” and Butler’s “Parable of the Sower.”
Virtual Reality in Gibson’s “Neuromancer” and Stephenson’s “Snow Crash.”
Post-apocalyptic settings in McCarthy’s “The Road” and Mandel’s “Station Eleven.”
Identity in Le Guin’s “The Left Hand of Darkness” and Delany’s “Dhalgren.”
Extraterrestrial Life in Clarke’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” and Lem’s “Solaris.”

High School Literary Research Essay Topics

These subjects should be carefully selected for their relevance and appeal, they provide the perfect foundation for developing critical thinking, analytical skills, and a love for literature. Discover thought-provoking issues relevant to high school readers with these high school literary research topics. By delving into contemporary literary research topics that resonate with teenage audiences, you can foster a greater appreciation for literature and its impact on young minds.

Mental Illness in Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye” and Plath’s “The Bell Jar.”
Symbolism in Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter” and its relevance today.
Identity and Self-Discovery in Baldwin’s “Go Tell It on the Mountain” and Walker’s “The Color Purple.”
Racism and inequality in Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird” and Morrison’s “The Bluest Eye.”
Nature and Symbolism in Bronte’s “Wuthering Heights” and Frost’s works.
Isolation and Loneliness in Steinbeck’s “Of Mice and Men” and Williams’ “A Streetcar Named Desire.”
Gender Roles in Bronte’s “Jane Eyre” and Chopin’s “The Awakening.”
Magical Realism in Marquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and Allende’s “The House of the Spirits.”
War and its effects in Hemingway’s “A Farewell to Arms” and Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse-Five.”
The American Dream in Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” and Miller’s “Death of a Salesman.”

Modernist Literature Research Paper Topics

Discover interesting literature topics of self-discovery, rebellion, and experimental styles that resonate with teenagers, while gaining an understanding of the cultural and historical influences that fuelled this revolutionary movement. Fell the groundbreaking literary movements in these modernist research topics in literature and chose the best one for you.

Fragmentation in Modernist Literature: Joyce’s Ulysses and Eliot’s The Waste Land.
Modernist Literature and Trauma: Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises.
World War I’s Influence on Modernist Literature: Owen’s Works and Ford’s Parade’s End.
Time in Modernist Literature: Proust’s In Search of Lost Time and Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury.
Women’s Role in Modernist Literature: Barnes’ Nightwood and Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea.
Identity in Modernist Literature: Baldwin’s Go Tell It on the Mountain and Ellison’s Invisible Man.
Stream of Consciousness in Modernist Literature: Mansfield’s “Bliss” and Woolf’s To the Lighthouse.
Modernist Literature and the City: Pound’s “In a Station of the Metro” and Eliot’s “Preludes.”
Modernist Literature and the Movement: Pound’s The Cantos and H.D.’s Trilogy.
The “Lost Generation” in Modernist Literature: Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises and Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.

Renaissance Literature Research Paper Topics

The era, characterized by a remarkable resurgence in culture, art, and intellectual pursuits, has impacted the trajectory of human civilization. Uncover the rich tapestry of the revival literary research topics for your literary research paper.

Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets
Women in Twelfth Night and the Duchess of Malfi
Humanism in Utopia and Petrarch’s Sonnets
Fate in Romeo and Juliet and Doctor Faustus
Courtly Love in the Faerie Queene and Astrophil and Stella
Classical Themes in Julius Caesar and Dido, Queen of Carthage
Reformation in Paradise Lost and the Temple
Power in Macbeth and The Revenger’s Tragedy
Revival Influence on Hamlet and the Spanish Tragedy
Kingship between Richard II and Edward II

Controversial Literature Research Paper Topics

Debate and analyze character issues in literature with these controversial literature literary research topics. These subjects allow you to explore literary research topics, ethical dilemmas, and social commentaries within literary works, providing an opportunity for intellectual growth and open dialogue.

Mental Illness Portrayal in Literature: Helpful or Harmful?
Cultural Appropriation in Literature Ethics.
Racial Slurs Use in Literature Controversy.
Trigger Warnings in Literature and Free Speech Impact.
Censorship Effects on Literature and Society.
Authorial Intent Ethics in Literary Interpretation.
Sexuality Representation in Literature Controversy.
Violence against Women’s Portrayal in Literature and Society’s Impact.
Cancel Culture’s Impact on Literature and Publishing.
Literary Classics Value Debate in Modern Society.

World Literature Research Topics

Embark on a literary journey around the globe with these World literary research topics.

War Depiction in Global Literature
Novel Evolution in Different Cultures
Immigration and Diaspora in Literature
Love and Relationships in Global Literature
Colonialism’s Impact on Global Literature
Mythology in Global Literature
Cultural Identity in International Literature
Political Oppression and Resistance Themes
Eastern Philosophy’s Influence on Western Literature
Spirituality and Religion in Global Literature

Literature Research Paper Topics for Students

These literary research topics are designed to challenge students’ critical thinking and analytical skills while fostering a deeper appreciation for literature.

Technology’s Impact on Contemporary Literature.
LGBTQ+ Community Portrayal in Literature.
Mental Health Representation in Young Adult Literature.
Feminism’s Role in Shaping Contemporary Literature.
Globalization’s Impact on Literature and Culture.
Social Justice and Activism Themes in Modern Literature.
Race and Ethnicity in Contemporary Literature.
Postmodernism’s Influence on Contemporary Literature.
Environment and Climate Change Representation in Literature.
Science Fiction’s Role in Reflecting and Shaping Contemporary Society.

Modern Literature Research Paper Topics

Analyze the intricacies of modern literary research topics masterpieces for university students.

Magic Realism in Garcia Marquez’s Works
Morrison and Baldwin’s Literary Techniques
Feminism in Alice Munro’s Short Stories
Postmodernism in Don Delillo’s Novels
Mental Illness in the Bell Jar and the Yellow Wallpaper
Identity in Adichie and Lahiri’s Works
Colonialism’s Impact on Achebe and Ngugi WA Thiong’O
Stream of Consciousness in Mrs. Dalloway and Ulysses
Masculinity in Hemingway’s Novels
Memory Role in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Novels

Ancient Literature Research Topics

Delve into the origins of storytelling and literary research topics for your literary research paper. These literary research topics will allow you to investigate various themes, genres, and styles across different time periods, ultimately enhancing your appreciation for the transformative power of storytelling.

Women in Greek Tragedies
Mythology in Homer & Virgil Epic
Poetry: Greece vs Rome
Prophecy in Greek Tragedies
Fate in Oedipus Rex & Macbeth
Dreams in Egyptian Literature
Gods in Mesopotamian Literature
Love Poetry: India & China
Oral Tradition in African Literature
Karma in Mahabharata

In conclusion, selecting literary research topics is an essential step in the writing process, as it sets the foundation for your entire paper. Explore various subjects within English, American, or global literature, and consider literary research topics such as gender roles, power representation, or the impact of historical events on literature discuss. Remember to choose literary research topics that genuinely interest you, as this will make the literature discussion and writing process more enjoyable and engaging. Test your literary research topics with an outline and a premise statement to ensure it is focused, specific, and manageable.

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What Are The Key Elements Of A Good Research Paper?

Table of Contents

A good research paper should contain several key elements to ensure its effectiveness, credibility, and impact. When these elements come together effectively, they create a research paper that is rigid, insightful, and contributes meaningfully to its academic or professional domain. They are as:

Clear and Focused Topic: A well-defined and specific research question or topic that is relevant and interesting.
Thorough Literature Review: A complete review of existing literature to establish context, identify gaps, and support the research hypothesis or argument.
Solid Methodology: Clear explanation of the research methods employed, whether qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods, ensuring they are appropriate for the research question.
Credible Sources: Reliance on credible and scholarly sources to support arguments and findings. This includes peer-reviewed journals, academic books, and reputable websites.
Strong Thesis Statement: A concise and arguable thesis statement that articulates the main argument or point of the paper.
Logical Structure: A well-organized structure with clear divisions containing introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
Critical Analysis: A critical evaluation of data or literature, providing insightful analysis and interpretation, not just summary.
Proper Citations and References: Accurate and consistent citation of sources following a specific citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).
Clarity and Precision: Clear, concise, and precise writing that is free from jargon or unnecessary complexity, ensuring accessibility to a wide audience.
Conclusion and Implications: A strong conclusion that summarizes key findings and discusses their implications, suggesting avenues for further research or application.
Editing and Proofreading: Thorough editing and proofreading to eliminate errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling, ensuring a polished final product.
Originality and Contribution: Demonstrating original thought, analysis, or contribution to the field, providing new insights or perspectives.

Now for your convenience, we have categorized the literature research topics under different categories, and they are as follows:

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How To Choose The Literary Topic For An Essay

There are several ways on how to pick up an idea for a successful academic paper. Feel free to choose the most fitting alternative from the list below.

Select a literature style as a topic for your paper. This is one of the most common ways to pick up an idea for your essay. You will need to determine the basic features of a chosen literature style, choose the masterpieces you are going to describe, and classify the literature works. However, it might be a bit difficult since there are many controversial literature examples that are not easy to analyze.
Choose an author as a topic for your academic paper. This way, you will describe the main ideas, concepts, and innovations created by a particular writer, as well as the impact of this personality on literature as a whole. Still, avoid turning your research paper into a biography.
Pick up a certain book as an essay topic. It is a good idea but it might appear to be difficult to add something new to the chosen field.

Literature Topics For Research Papers: Women In Literature

The role of women in society has been changing over time. The topics below will help you understand the basic issues a common woman faced in different centuries, as well as discover the most impressive literature masterpieces created by female writers.

The Aged Mother: Criticism Essay
The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin: Response Paper
La Estrategia De Chochueca by Rita Indiana Hernández: The Summary
Women And Children In Modern Literature
The Pride and Prejudice By Jane Austen
Charlotte Bronte And Her Role In The World History
J.K.Rowling As A Bright Example Of A Successful Female Writer
Harper Lee: To Kill A Mockingbird Summary
The Stories Of Virginia Woolf
Inspiring Female Writers And The Lessons They Teach Us
Gender Roles In Literature

The World Literature Research Paper Topics

There is nothing new that world literature research topics remain popular among students for years. These topics allow you to improve the knowledge of the global trends in literature, discover the masterpieces of the world literature, and understand the cultural processes in various countries in different centuries.

Barn Burning By William Faulkner: Loyalty And Blood Themes
Cliches In The Modern Literature
Critical Issues In Literature
The Social Issues In The Literature Of 20th Century
Modern Trends In Literature
The Difference Of Literature In Various Countries
The Influence Of Literature On The Society
Masterpieces In The Literature Of 18th Century
Masterpieces In The Literature Of 19h Century
Masterpieces In The Literature Of 20th Century
Reading Literature As A Modern Way Of Self-education
Greek Mythology And Its Role In The World Literature
The Impact Of Literature On Modern Culture
Literature Periods
The Role Of Comedies In The World Literature
The Role Of Tragedies In The World Literature
Psychological Trends In World Literature
Politics In The World Literature
Romance In Literature

The Best Literary Analysis Essay Topics

Literary analysis is one of the most common solutions for choosing easy-to-write research paper topics. The fact is that analysis is one of the inevitable steps of understanding the basic concepts of literature. Therefore, the analysis topics might become a perfect option for beginners in the world of literature. Moreover, you don’t need to be exceptionally creative when composing essays on analysis.

Car Crash While Hitchhiking: The Analysis Of The Literary Fiction Story
The Ethics Of Belief by Clifford: An Advanced Summary And Analysis
The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara: Analysis And Summary
An Advanced Analysis Of Tree And Culinary Lesson
Mcwp 6-11 Leading Marines: The Analysis
My Native Land, My Home by Claude Mckay: In-Depth Analysis
Analysis Of Salvation By Langston Hughes
Preventive Corrective And Detective Controls
A Black Man Talks Of Reaping Analysis
Servant Leadership And Diverse Context
The Impact Of Literature Nowadays

Satire Topics Ideas For A Successful Essay

Satire has been the main trend in literature for years. But how did it change over time? What is the difference between satire and irony? What are the satire’s basic features? Writing an essay on these topics might be an excellent idea.

Ancient And Modern Satire
Trends In The Modern Satire
Literature Techniques In Writing Satire
Satires Of Rome
Satires Of Ancient Greece
Satire In Political Poems
Satire And Comedy: Common Features And Differences
English Satire
Satire In The 18th Century
Satire In The 19th Century
Shakespeare's Satire
World Famous Satirists
The Difference Between Anecdotes And Satire
The Motivation Of Satirists
Satire And History
Satire And Irony: The Main Differences
Humor And Satire In The Modern Literature
The Origins Of Satire
Radicalism And Satire
Black Humor And Satire

Controversial Topics In Literature Of All Times

In case you are looking for something contradictory to write about, the controversial literary research paper topic might be a nice option for your needs. The conflict of generations, formalism, and Franz Kafka are no longer the only alternatives to write about.

Is Modern Youth More Self Centred Than The Other Generations
Common Theme Between Xla And Faat Kine
Franz Kafka And His Role In The Literature
Formalism In Literature
Structuralism In Literature
The Parents And Children In Literature
Documentary In Literature
War And Peace Topics
The Role Of Family In The Modern Literature
The Conflict Of Generations

Western Literature Topics For A Brilliant Research Paper

Western literature holds a special place in the history of world literature. Wars, conflicts, riots, totalitarianism, technical progress, and other topics are all common for western literature.

Witches Loaves By O'Henry: The Lessons The Story Teach Us
Ernest Hemingway And The “Lost Generation”
Mark Twain And His Most Brilliant Characters
Welsh Literature
Latin American Literature Masterpieces
Oscar Wilde And His Impact On Literature
Trends In Celtic Literature
Trends In Icelandic Literature
American Dream In Literature
Death In Western Literature
Identity In Literature
Imperialism In Literature
Race Issues In Literature
Travel In Western Literature
Utopian Literature

Most Popular European Literature Topics

The literature of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages has lots of masterpieces many students admire. The development of the culture can be also easily studied by creating an essay on the European literature research paper topic.

The Use Of Setting And Atmosphere In Dracula By B Stoker
Theme Of Power In Othello By William Shakespeare
French Literature
German Literature
Spanish Literature
Finnish Modern Literature
Danish Modern Literature
Polish Modern Literature
Latvian Modern Literature
Renaissance Literature
Medieval Literature
Realism And Symbolism Trends
Political Poems And The Role In The World History
Postmodernism Trends
Latin Literature Trends
The literature of the 17th century

Eastern Literature Research Paper Topics For Diligent College Students

Eastern literature covers lots of periods and countries. You can write about Japan, China, Egypt, Ancient East, or Mesopotamia, as well as explore the cultural trends in different countries.

Turkish Literature
Arabic Literature
Sanskrit Literature
Famous Arabic Poets
Persian Literature
The Main Trends In Modern Chinese Literature
The Main Trends In Modern Japanese Literature
Confucianism
Famous Chinese Fiction
The Topic Of Death In Eastern Literature
The Topic Of Honor In The Eastern Literature
The Issues In The Eastern Literature
Saint Pachomius
Khalil Gibran
Anthony Of Egypt
Philosophy In Ancient Chinese Literature
Metaphor In Japanese Literature
Masculinity In Arab Literature
War In Persian Literature
Wisdom In Eastern Literature

How To Create A Brilliant Paper On Literature Topic

Choosing a suitable and easy-to-write topic for your essay is only half of the job you need to do. The most challenging thing is to create a concise, precise, fresh, and understandable academic paper with no mistakes. So, here is what you need to do to get the highest score for your essay:

Create an attractive and catchy introduction
Pick up the most interesting ideas for your paper
Create an outline
Point out the most important facts in the body of your essay
Choose only reliable and up-to-date sources
Create a paper in a proper voice and tone
Complete the paper with a fitting conclusion
Make your paper look solid
Avoid any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes, as well as typos
Use proper formatting

As far as you can see, creating a successful paper is not as easy as it might seem from first glance. In case you feel this task is unaffordable for you, you can get professional help with creating a winning academic paper according to your needs for a reasonable cost. Buying an essay is as simple as 1-2-3, while the entire job of creating an academic paper will be done by professional writers.

REFERENCES:

Research tips for students
Basic facts about literature
The literature of ancient China
The literature of ancient Rome
Shakespeare's Life and World
The benefits of reading literature
Classic literature study guides

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How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

Search for relevant literature
Evaluate sources
Identify themes, debates, and gaps
Outline the structure
Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

Quick Run-through
Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

Your university’s library catalogue
Google Scholar
Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
EconLit (economics)
Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

What question or problem is the author addressing?
What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
What are the key theories, models, and methods?
Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
What are the results and conclusions of the study?
How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

Most research has focused on young women.
There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

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A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An annotated bibliography is a list of source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a paper .

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200 Compelling Literary Research Paper Topics to Explore

Literary research holds the key to unlocking the power of knowledge and education. But what makes a research paper truly impactful? It all starts with selecting a fascinating topic. This blog post presents 300 handpicked Literary research paper topics that will ignite your scholarly pursuits. From cutting-edge trends to unexplored territories, these topics promise to fuel your intellectual curiosity and make you write like a professional writing services provider. So, let’s get started!

Table of Contents

Comprehensive Lists of Impressive Literary Research Paper Topics

Be it anything you want to research related to Literary, our comprehensive lists of topics have you covered. So, without further ado, let’s begin with our first list.

American Literature Topics for Research

Picking up a topic from this list will allow you to uncover hidden narratives, analyze iconic works, and more. Here you go with the list.

A Study of Domestic Gothic and Postwar Architectural Culture in Shirley Jackson’s House Trilogy
Anti-racism Resistance in American Literature
Political and ideological agendas are reflected in American Literature
American Literature from a feminist point of View
Leonard Cohen’s Psalms or the demons of Tradition: the Book of Mercy and the Psalms of Leonard Cohen
An Overview of Spanish Literature Written in the United States
Correlations and contrasts between postmodernism and American Literature: A study of their relationship
Poetic Hybridity in American Poetry: existing and Resisting through Its Hybridity
Bram Stoker’s Dracula depicts vampires in what can be considered a realistic fashion
Comparison between Stephanie Meyer’s vampires vs. L.J. Smith’s vampires
How Bram Stoker’s Dracula differs from William Polidori’s The Vampire
Anne Rice vs. Stephanie Meyers: Different Approaches to writing supernatural Literature
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Evolution of the Character with Time in Literature and Movies
Illustrations of Nosferatu, the first vampire character to appear on a screen in Literature
The relation between intertextuality and social space
Depiction of La Lorna and Other Supernatural Elements in American Literature
Contemporary literary figures of Orality: ruptures and Continuity
What is the fascination with supernatural imagery in American Literature and popular culture?
Writings in English about Refugee Camps in Contemporary Literature
Taking a comparative look at contemporary theater stages
Comparing The Crucible with the actual Salem witch trials

Literary Research Paper Topics Related to English Literature

Pick a topic from this list and brace yourself for an awe-inspiring journey, illuminating the profound impacts of English literature on our hearts. Here’s the list.

What is Shakespeare’s contribution to classic English Literature?
Comparison and contrast of Shakespeare and Marlowe
Shakespeare and Marlowe: Busting Myths
Historical and Political Analysis of English Literature during the Middle Ages
The Elizabethan Era and English Literature
An Understanding of Victorian Literature from a Political Perspective
Comparing Edwardian Literature with its predecessors, what makes it unique?
English Literature at its Zenith
Greek Influence on English Literature: The History of English Literature
Comparing women’s Literature to classical English literature in terms of literary and social issues
An Overview of British Fiction from the 19th Century
Women in Classic English Literature: Their Portrayal and Characterization
Arab civilizations influenced Literature in the early English period
A Collective Analysis of English Poetry from the 19th to the 20th Century
The Impact of Modernism on English Poetry
The Social and Political History of Victorian England as Portrayed through English Literature
Literary explorations of British colonial slavery during the 18th and 19th centuries
Adaptation to Postcolonial Cultures, neo-Victorian Culture, and Postcolonial Literature
Literature of the postcolonial period versus Literature of the British period
The history of books and publishing in the 20th-21st Century in British fiction
Emotional expression and perception, semantics, lexical semantics
A History of Ideas and Literature from the 18th Century
An overview of the history of publishing and books
Aspects of Race and Ethnicity, Popular Culture, and Politics
Britain’s Revolutions and the Rise of Socialism: Literature that influenced them
Actors of Shakespeare’s time, the role of the Elizabethan theater
Literature’s contribution to understanding British politics and society today

Postcolonial Literary Research Paper Topics

Dig into stories that question the effects of colonialism and look into issues of identity, resistance, and decolonization. Get inspired by the captivating stories that are reshaping the history of colonialism with these topics.

A Study of Heart of The Darkness from an Analytical Perspective
Heart of the Darkness: Conrad’s Treatment of Africans in the Story
Achebe’s stance against the design of Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness vs. Things Fall Apart: Comparisons and Contrasts
A Look at the Treatment of Africans in Things Fall Apart
Concept of native society in Things Fall Apart
A Study of the Indigenous culture of Africa in Light of Things Fall Apart
Postcolonial Literature Compared to British Literature
Literature is written in the French language dealing with postcolonialism
The Analysis of Postcolonial Literature Written in India after the End of Colonialism
Ahmed Ali’s Works as Part of the postcolonial movement: a critical analysis
An Analysis of Twilight in Delhi as a postcolonial novel through the Lens of critical theory
Depiction of the Colonized Races in British Literature
Conrad’s treatment of negros and the accusation of racism
A Critique of Orientalism from the Perspective of Edward Said
Elements of Postcolonialism Twilight in Delhi
The elements belonging to the narrative framework of the postcolonial theory
Understanding Postcolonialism with Edward Said’s Orientalism
An Introduction to Postcolonial Theory: Concepts and Definitions
The Evolution of the Woman within Postcolonial Literature
An Overview of Algerian Postcolonial Literature
British Literature, with its treatment of African nations
Postcolonial and Feminine Resistance in Algerian and Sahrawi States
Postcolonialism: An Effort to search its history
Identity, alterity, and Hybridity in postcolonial states
Introduction to postcolonial theory

Arabic Topics in Literature

Discover the fascinating world of Arabic Literature and explore its cultural heritage, poetic stories, and social dynamics. Here you go with the list.

Literature of the Arab World and its Influence on French Literature
The Influence of Arab Culture on Middle Ages Literature
Hayy Bin Yaqzan is the first novel by modern criteria
A collection of poetry by Shafi’i and historical, literary Analysis
A Study of Religious Literature in Arabian Civilization
Islamic Golden Ages were characterized by more significant progress in theological Literature
Poetry from the Arab world is the foundation of modern global poetry
Literature related to Mahdism in Islam
Arab-Islamic culture is significant in the Literature written in Arabic
The Evolution of Arabic Poetry and Literature
The Poetry of the Arab Diaspora and Nature’s Aesthetics
Ghazali’s literary works and acknowledgment of divine essence
A study of the relationship between Arabic poetry and music and song
Al-Gazzal’s two doors of knowledge through the heart
Iberian expansion as a cause of Islamic culture’s influence on Western Literature
Music and poetry from the pre-Islamic period in Arabic
Arab Literature and social criticism in the modern era
Aristotelian Philosophy and Greek Mythology in Modern Arab Literature
The culture and civilization of the Ottoman Empire were influenced by Arabic poetry and music
Arabic Literature’s Depiction of Morality and Politics
A Study of Arab Literature by Christian Authors
The philosophy of Islam is expressed and explained through Arabic culture
An Introduction to the History and Literature of Islam

Existentialist Literary Research Topics

Dig into the deep thinking, self-examination, and emotions of uncertainty that come with exploring the works of important writers trying to figure out life, independence, and more. Here’s the list.

The post-war emergence of existentialism
War-torn human characters reflect existentialist Literature.
What is the character of Godot in Waiting For Godot? How does Beckett explain what he is saying?
Existentialist Drama into 21st-Century of Western Literature
How does Beckett become an existential absurdist?
Samuel Becket’s Life from a Contemporary Perspective
The Reasons and inspirations behind Sartre’s Existentialism
Waiting For Godot is interpreted in real-time and real life.
Considering Jean-Paul Sartre’s works from different perspectives.
The Existentialist Literature: A Critical Analysis
Horrors of War and Existentialist Literature After and About the Vietnam War
A Comparison of Absurdism and Existentialism in Western Literature
Theater of absurdity representation of existentialism
A 21st-century Take on absurdist theater as a significant part of British Literature
Existentialism: Is it Here to Stay? Getting rid of absurdity in a changing world
Does the search for meaning transcend modern man?
Existentialism in British Literature
“There is infinite hope in the universe, not for us.” How do you see Kafka as an existentialist? How does he differ from the philosophers of his field?

Literary Research Topics Related to Poetry

Check out our great research paper topics and how powerful poems can be!

Pioneers of European Literature in the realm of poetry
Inspiration for John Keats’ poetry by Fanny Brawne
The difference between Keats and his contemporaries
Analyzing John Keats’ Works from a historical perspective
The poetry of social protest in the early Renaissance
What makes the poetry of the Renaissance the most outstanding?
An early role played by Midland poets in the development of English poetry
Literature of the Highlands and its Contribution to English cultural development
The challenges of the development of English poetry
Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry
Poetry as a Pillar of Modern Literature
The Importance of legal vocabulary in a poetic context
Thinking about poetry as a critique from the Renaissance era
The genre and meaning of Auden’s poem
Poetry of Robert Frost: A study
Research on the poetry of William Shakespeare
Wordsworth as a pioneer of modern Literature
Poetry of Alfred Lord Tennyson: A Historical Analysis
A general study of the Poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge
A Look and Study of the Aubreys of Innocence by William Blake
Prose versus poetry in the early Renaissance
Story of Love and Death, by Edgar Allan Poe.
Emily Dickinson is one of America’s most famous poets
Maya Angelo’s struggle for civil rights and using poetry as a vector of fight

Literary Research Topics Related to Novel

Go deep into the story, getting to know the characters and thinking about the themes to unlock the timeless charm of this popular type of writing. Here’s the list.

A Study of the Gothic Novel in the British Isles
Publishing Literature the modern novel: conditions and Sources of Innovation
History and Fiction in African-American Women’s Literature
Toni Morrison is one of the pioneers of the American novel
Covenant: An American Novel of South African History
James Michener’s works in novels and different aspects of modern American society
Modern Literature in the Film and TV Industry
Novels of Thomas Hardy, a critical analysis
What is the significance of Jane Austen as a pioneer of English literature? What are your thoughts on this?
A Comparison and Contrast of American dystopian novels
Supernatural novelists of English literature, between William Polidori and Bram Stoker
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is the first supernatural novel in the history of English literature
Children’s Literature written in British territories
Postcolonial novels from a 21st-century perspective
The Vampire Diaries, the pioneering novel for gen-z supernatural fascinations
Anne Rice vs. Stephanie Meyers: what is different and what is similar
Knowledge, Power, and Authority in Contemporary Fantasy
Tensions and Expression in the Modern American Novel
Political Depiction of Christianity in American Novels and Movies

Literary Research Topics Related to Drama

Check out these cool topics to write an amazing research paper your teacher is expecting of you.

Shakespearean Drama from historical practices
Plagiarism allegations about Shakespeare
William Shakespeare vs. Christopher Marlowe: Contrasts and Comparisons
An overview of Shakespeare’s plays and how they formed modern theater and cinema
Waiting For Godot by Beckett, from a directorial and cinematic perspective
Elizabethan vs. Jacobean Drama: What makes them different?
Oscar Wilde as a playwright, from a modern perspective
Shakespeare as a pioneer of the European literature boom
Role of Queen Elizabeth I in the Promotion of English Drama and Theater
Stages of Transformation: at the Crossroads of Theater and abolitionist movements
Role of Drama in European Literature
The Drama of the 21st Century and how it differs from the Classics
Greek tragedy compared to Shakespearean tragedy
Greek Tragedy vs. Classical English Drama
Modern vs. Classical tragedy, essential comparative elements
Was European Literature initially focused on Drama? Why or why not?
The Importance of Being Earnest is one of the most beloved plays. Why?
Oscar Wild as a dramatist
Literature formed Freudianism, a psychoanalytical analysis of the plays that inspired Sigmund Freud
Mourning Becomes Electra and Oedipus Rex, how two tragedies formed the Basis of modern psychology
Literary Analysis of the Supernatural in the Plays of Marlowe
Classic vs. Modern Literature in the Area of Tragedy and Drama
Edward Bond, a playwright of hope or despair?
When does British Literature portray elements of World war
Literary devices used in early British literary works and Renaissance literature
Language diversity in historical novels in the Victorian literature era
European culture depicted in early American Literature
American literature contribution to Studies on Classical Literature
Literary Argument on literary works of the Renaissance in Comparison with Indian Literature

Interesting Literature Topics

These literary research topics can spark your interest, challenge your views, and help you appreciate Literature even more.

Travel writing for college students living the American dream
Use of poetic language and literary devices in Japanese literary works
Social identity in dystopian Literature that World War II inspired
Male and female characters in African American Literature
Literary novels in the genre of young adult literature
Literature paper on Japanese Literature depicting Post World War II modern culture
Literary Analysis of artificial language in Utopian and Dystopian Literature
The modern culture depicted in American and Asian culture
Literary Analysis of Harry Potter and novel writing for university students
Harry Potter is a significant literature contribution opening new doors to literary research.
Comparative Literary Analysis of travel writing vs. literary journalism
Literary Analysis of Travel Writing in Indian Literature
African literary responses to American Literature on world war in the Twentieth Century
How American Literature Differs from Modern Chinese Literature: Form and Evaluate Literature Response on Written Literature

Hopefully, these lists of good topics for research papers have helped you pick a suitable subject and make a real difference in literary research. Remember that a good topic always plays a pivotal role in the paper’s success. If you are still trying to figure out how to proceed with your assignment, count on the professional expertise of our writers .

What is an example of Literary research?

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Literature Research Paper Topics in 2023

Table of contents

1 What is Literature Research?
2 Tips on How to Select the Best Literature Research Paper Topic?
3 Literary Research Topics for High School
4 Literature Research Paper Topics for College Students
5 Literacy Research Topics for Debate
6 British Literary Research Topics
7 American Literature Research Topics
8 World Literature Research Paper Topics
9 Modernist Literature Research Paper Topics

What is Literature Research?

Before choosing topics in literature, clarify the concept of literature research to understand the main purpose, structure, and features of writing this type of task.

Firstly, the student must consider the vision of the author of the work, the interpretation of his images, and their personification as the protagonists of the issues on the agenda of that time.

Next, the stylistic and semantic features of the work should be analyzed. Rhythm, speech style, and symbolic and compositional features are often difficult for inexperienced students. We recommend to buy literature review online to be sure of its quality, to get a high score, and have a sample for the future.

After that, the student must give his assessment of the text. Express your opinion about the main events in the book, their significance, and their impact on the further development of the plot.

Tips on How to Select the Best Literature Research Paper Topic?

After reading a text, you often get overwhelmed with impressions and thoughts and need help choosing literature topics for research papers. That is why we offer the following plan for students to select the best literature research topics for their paper:

Abstract from the main idea of the work and try to find topics that are not obvious at first glance. This advice will be especially useful for older students who, in addition to technically correct paper writing, want to stand out from their peers. This question often arises when writing dissertations or theses. If you thought: “How to write a good literature review for a dissertation with an engaging topic?” keep reading.

Select 3-4 topics that seem most interesting literature topics to you. Writing top research papers often takes several weeks. So make sure that during the whole time, you will desire to return to this task.

Choose a topic in which you will feel confident. Each of us has stronger and weaker areas of knowledge. Use your advantage and choose a topic you will understand better than others.

Literary Research Topics for High School

If you are a high school or university student and need to complete an assignment but still don’t know how to do it or lack time, we recommend you to buy college research paper from professionals to stay on the safe side. And for those, who want to see literature topics for research paper examples, we’ve listed 10 of them below:

Self-Sacrifice as a Manifestation of Cowardice or Courage: Examples in Medieval Ballads
Social Identity in Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes: the Madness of the Main Character as a Prototype of Humanistic Views
The Plot of “Painful Love” in William Shakespeare Plays as an Example of an Ideal Experience of Feelings
Lady Macbeth and Its Historical Prototype: Similarities and Differences
The Image of the Catholic Church in Dante Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy”
Why are Hemingway’s Works Still Important for the Development of Modern Society?
How Aztec Mythology Influenced the Literary Customs of American Prose
Contribution of African Americans to the Image of the “White Invader” in Books of the 20th and 21st Centuries
Viking Beliefs and their Echoes in European Literature: Examples from Renaissance Literature
Is it Possible to Create a Universal Artificial Language? How will it Affect Literature?

Literature Research Paper Topics for College Students

Students need to stand out from their groups when studying in college with unique and engaging papers. If you want to impress your classmates and teacher with an outstanding paper, check the list of these exciting literature topics.

How do Authors Describe Madness in Literature?
Victorian Literature and Its Peculiarities: Structural, Compositional and Stylistic Features
The Contribution of the Arabic Verse System to World Poetics: Beyts, Rudakis, Rubai Poems
Protagonists Character Analysis of Moliere’s Play “The Nobleman”: the Main Features Inherent in the Heroes of Classical Works
The History of the Development of Speech and its Influence on the Works of Renaissance Authors
The Influence of the Catholic Church on Literature and Writing in the Middle Ages
Indian Literature Discuss – Structural and Compositional Design of Works, Stylistic Features and Metaphorical Images
West VS East: Comparative Description of the Main Characters’ System of Images & Behavior Patterns Using Examples of Modern Works (Optional)
The Policy of Imperialism and its Influence on Literary Variability in the Countries of North America
The Main Challenges in Studying Literary Discourse for Students. How to Deal with Them? Personal View

If you are struggling to come up with good literature research paper topics, PapersOwl can do a literature review for you and help you come up with ideas and new information. Our team of expert writers will research and find the most relevant topics and provide you with research material to get you going.

Literacy Research Topics for Debate

It is hard to find essay topics when everything is analyzed and researched many times. Moreover, students must remember that they should develop their literature to discuss subjects from the beginning of the introduction till the very last word of conclusion of research paper . We’ve prepared a list of engaging for the audience and interesting to explore for you literary topics for research papers.

Religion and Literature – Exploring the Similarity and Differences
Psychology and Literature. Do Authors of Psychology Books Aim to Help Society? Is it a Financial Plan?
War and Peace – Ideas of Hedonism even During Dark Times or Idealization of Violence by Giving Humanity to the Main Characters?
Screen Adaptations VS Printed Books: Eternal Confrontation of Preferences or Rejection of Modern Reality?
The Role of the Theory of Literary Studies in Applied Approaches to the Study and Processing of Medieval Novels
Can Ancient Writings on Tablets, Cave Walls or Papyrus be Considered Ancestors of Modern Literature? For and Against
The Culture of Mass Consumption and its Influence on Reducing the Circulation Interval of Books: is there a Direct Connection?
Postmodern Poetics: Main Rules and Canons. Do they Exist?
Can Prose Compete with Poetics in Lyricism: Examples of Francesco Petrarca Works
Do Mythological Knowledge and Ancient Legends Influence Modern Literature? Proving by Examples.

British Literary Research Topics

English literature has a great variety of themes to explore. That is why it is confusing for many students to come up with interesting British literary research topics. Thus, our team offers you unique and engaging English literature research paper ideas which you can use directly for writing or inspiration:

Ancient Literature in Britain: Connection and Influence of the Roman Literary Canon
Literature of the Knights Templar: Myth or Truth?
British Literature During the Reign of King Henry VIII: How was the Change of Religion Reflected in Literature?
Dirk Bogard – Biography and Contribution to the Literary Heritage of the United Kingdom
William Shakespeare’s Tragedies as a Consequence of the Era or the Playwright’s Misogynistic Views?
British Nobel Laureate in Literature: Rudyard Kipling. Author’s Creative Path and Outstanding Works
“The Picture of Dorian Gray” by Oscar Wilde as the Legalization of the “Low” Desires of Mankind
Byronism and its Influence on George Byron’s European Contemporaries-Colleagues
Why were Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Plays and Poems Overshadowed by his Detective Novels?
European Realistic Novel. The role of Daniel Dafoe in the Creation of this Genre.
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American Literature Research Topics

Often, teachers ask students to research a particular piece of American literature. This is a tricky task because a huge number of different directions, currents, and authors might seem confusing. Our team has prepared the top 10 American literature research paper topics that you can use to write an essay that will impress your teacher.

The Role of African American Literature Pieces in Modern Written Heritage
Early American Literature. Was there a Literature Culture among the Native Peoples of America?
The Uniqueness of the American Literary Style in the World Picture of Literary Heritage
Regional Features of the Use of Stylistic Means in the USA
Benjamin Franklin and his Address to the European Theme: Analysis of a Selected Piece
Rhetorical Heritage of the Puritans and its use in Works Based on the “Founding Myths of the United States”
The American Renaissance: What New Appeared in the Literature of American Authors in this Period?
Feminist Influence on the Number of Women Writers in Contemporary American Literature
Top 10 Masterpieces of American Literature that Never Became World Famous
The Influence of Printed Media on American Literature in the 80s of the Last Century.

World Literature Research Paper Topics

Choosing one subject of interest from world literature is the same as finding a perfectly-shaped grain of sand on the beach. We’ve selected the best ideas for your literary research paper to simplify your life.

The Spirit of Duende in Spanish-Language Literature
Postindependence Indian Literature – Comparative Characteristics with the Past
Influence of Japanese Literature on Modern Asian and European Literature
Western Literature in Comparison to Eastern Literature: Analysis of the Main Ideological Values and their Implementation in Plots
Social Stratification and Self-Identification of Indian people on the Example of the Novel “Shantaram” by Gregory David Roberts
Contemporary Literature of Mexico: Main Features Borrowed from American Literature
Highlighting the Problem of Violence in the Works of Modern Authors in American Literature
Why Mass Literature Displaces “Underground” Authors: Can We Stop this Process?
Literary Discourse of the Arab World: the Influence of Poetics on Prose
Agatha Christie and the Murder on the Orient Express: Was Hercule Poirot Contused rather than Genious?

Modernist Literature Research Paper Topics

The era of modernism affected every sphere of human life: the political organization of countries, changes in labor law, music, visual arts, and literature. This period is one of the most confusing and, at the same time, the most intriguing in the field of literature. That is why our team has prepared for students the 10 best research topics of the modernist era.

Tiffany Style: Detailed Overview of Features and Specific Details
Liberty Style in Italy: Theoretical Aspect of Emergence
P. Ranson and the Art Nouveau Style: Compositional Characteristics of Novels
“Stream of Consciousness” and the Depiction of New Forms of the Human Psyche by Modernists
Universalization of Artistic Techniques in the P.Bonner Works
“Jugend-Shtil”: Special Details of Trivial Everyday Life
“Philosophy of Order” in the Utopian Idea of the Way of Life in American Literature
Research the Subject’s Internal Individual Freedom at a Deeper Level of his Internal Isolation
Advantage of Creative Intuition over Classical Canons: Contemporary American Literature
Metalanguage and Myth-Making: Creation of a New Genre in Literature

Looking for interesting literature research paper topics? Look no further! If you’re having trouble finding inspiring ideas for your paper, PapersOwl writing service can provide you with the help you need. With its vast database of resources and experienced writers, PapersOwl can offer fresh and innovative topics to make your paper stand out.

All in all, literature discussion papers are challenging for many students. You need to dive into a text, analyze all its peculiarities, and give your own opinion. We hope our study research topics will simplify your task and will come in handy. Just remember to select the topic you are interested in and, of course, use our tips to write an outstanding paper. Good luck!

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A literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels and plays). When we say “literature review” or refer to “the literature,” we are talking about the research ( scholarship ) in a given field. You will often see the terms “the research,” “the scholarship,” and “the literature” used mostly interchangeably.

Where, when, and why would I write a lit review?

There are a number of different situations where you might write a literature review, each with slightly different expectations; different disciplines, too, have field-specific expectations for what a literature review is and does. For instance, in the humanities, authors might include more overt argumentation and interpretation of source material in their literature reviews, whereas in the sciences, authors are more likely to report study designs and results in their literature reviews; these differences reflect these disciplines’ purposes and conventions in scholarship. You should always look at examples from your own discipline and talk to professors or mentors in your field to be sure you understand your discipline’s conventions, for literature reviews as well as for any other genre.

A literature review can be a part of a research paper or scholarly article, usually falling after the introduction and before the research methods sections. In these cases, the lit review just needs to cover scholarship that is important to the issue you are writing about; sometimes it will also cover key sources that informed your research methodology.

Lit reviews can also be standalone pieces, either as assignments in a class or as publications. In a class, a lit review may be assigned to help students familiarize themselves with a topic and with scholarship in their field, get an idea of the other researchers working on the topic they’re interested in, find gaps in existing research in order to propose new projects, and/or develop a theoretical framework and methodology for later research. As a publication, a lit review usually is meant to help make other scholars’ lives easier by collecting and summarizing, synthesizing, and analyzing existing research on a topic. This can be especially helpful for students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire community of scholars toward questions that have not yet been answered.

What are the parts of a lit review?

Most lit reviews use a basic introduction-body-conclusion structure; if your lit review is part of a larger paper, the introduction and conclusion pieces may be just a few sentences while you focus most of your attention on the body. If your lit review is a standalone piece, the introduction and conclusion take up more space and give you a place to discuss your goals, research methods, and conclusions separately from where you discuss the literature itself.

Introduction:

An introductory paragraph that explains what your working topic and thesis is
A forecast of key topics or texts that will appear in the review
Potentially, a description of how you found sources and how you analyzed them for inclusion and discussion in the review (more often found in published, standalone literature reviews than in lit review sections in an article or research paper)
Summarize and synthesize: Give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
Analyze and interpret: Don’t just paraphrase other researchers – add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
Critically Evaluate: Mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
Write in well-structured paragraphs: Use transition words and topic sentence to draw connections, comparisons, and contrasts.

Conclusion:

Summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance
Connect it back to your primary research question

How should I organize my lit review?

Lit reviews can take many different organizational patterns depending on what you are trying to accomplish with the review. Here are some examples:

Chronological : The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time, which helps familiarize the audience with the topic (for instance if you are introducing something that is not commonly known in your field). If you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order. Try to analyze the patterns, turning points, and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred (as mentioned previously, this may not be appropriate in your discipline — check with a teacher or mentor if you’re unsure).
Thematic : If you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working with throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic. For example, if you are reviewing literature about women and religion, key themes can include the role of women in churches and the religious attitude towards women.
Qualitative versus quantitative research
Empirical versus theoretical scholarship
Divide the research by sociological, historical, or cultural sources
Theoretical : In many humanities articles, the literature review is the foundation for the theoretical framework. You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts. You can argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach or combine various theorical concepts to create a framework for your research.

What are some strategies or tips I can use while writing my lit review?

Any lit review is only as good as the research it discusses; make sure your sources are well-chosen and your research is thorough. Don’t be afraid to do more research if you discover a new thread as you’re writing. More info on the research process is available in our "Conducting Research" resources .

As you’re doing your research, create an annotated bibliography ( see our page on the this type of document ). Much of the information used in an annotated bibliography can be used also in a literature review, so you’ll be not only partially drafting your lit review as you research, but also developing your sense of the larger conversation going on among scholars, professionals, and any other stakeholders in your topic.

Usually you will need to synthesize research rather than just summarizing it. This means drawing connections between sources to create a picture of the scholarly conversation on a topic over time. Many student writers struggle to synthesize because they feel they don’t have anything to add to the scholars they are citing; here are some strategies to help you:

It often helps to remember that the point of these kinds of syntheses is to show your readers how you understand your research, to help them read the rest of your paper.
Writing teachers often say synthesis is like hosting a dinner party: imagine all your sources are together in a room, discussing your topic. What are they saying to each other?
Look at the in-text citations in each paragraph. Are you citing just one source for each paragraph? This usually indicates summary only. When you have multiple sources cited in a paragraph, you are more likely to be synthesizing them (not always, but often
Read more about synthesis here.

The most interesting literature reviews are often written as arguments (again, as mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is discipline-specific and doesn’t work for all situations). Often, the literature review is where you can establish your research as filling a particular gap or as relevant in a particular way. You have some chance to do this in your introduction in an article, but the literature review section gives a more extended opportunity to establish the conversation in the way you would like your readers to see it. You can choose the intellectual lineage you would like to be part of and whose definitions matter most to your thinking (mostly humanities-specific, but this goes for sciences as well). In addressing these points, you argue for your place in the conversation, which tends to make the lit review more compelling than a simple reporting of other sources.

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50 American Literature Research Paper Topic Ideas

The most defining aspect of your American literature research paper is the topic. It determines the books you will read and the perspective you take in the discussion. The topic also invites readers or will repel them. The topic plays a huge role during grading. Above all, it will determine the perception with which readers approach your paper.

There are many research paper topics American literature you can consider in your writing. When asked to pick a topic for your paper, here are a few considerations to make.

Freshness – are you discussing the same old American literature research topics that your professor explored decades ago? No one will pick your paper from the shelves. Choose the most recent and forward-looking ideas. The oldest professor in your department will be looking for fresh ideas in your work. You would better provide that.
Unique – look for unique American literature research paper ideas to discuss in your paper. Avoid perspectives that every student would discuss in their paper. Choose a topic that immediately captures the attention of the vetting panel because it is original and unique.
Specific – what do you want to discuss about American literature? The area is so wide that it cannot fit into one research paper. Choose a specific idea that creates boundaries for your paper. The person reading the paper should have a clear idea of what to expect based on the topic.
Researchable – can you get reference materials for your literature research paper topic? Choose a strong and researchable topic, especially one that is relevant to the unit you are studying. It must be within the scope of American literature to make sense to a reader. Avoid shallow topics that deny you the opportunity to express your ideas. At the same time, the topic should not be too demanding that you fail to make a comprehensible argument.

Here are the best American literature topics to consider for your paper:

American dream in literature
Labor movement depiction in writing
Cross-generational American authors
Most influential American literature
American literature and social media
Contribution of American writers to the world
American literature and the Nobel price
Religion in the American literature
American book topics ideas across races
Racism depiction in American books
Politics and the growth of the American literary scene
The tradition of the theater and its influence on American literature
Modern American poets
Literature of the American Civil War
Depiction of the indigenous people in American literature
The language of American writing
The place of film in American writing
Authors who have influenced American writing
Sports and literature
The opera and literature
Immigrants writers
American wars and their influence on literature
Capitalism captured in American writing
Influence of foreign languages
Impact of the school system on American writing
The gender divide in literature
Mark Twain influence
Literature and age
Samuel Clemens
Technology and impact on literature
Literature out of quarantine
Gender-based violence in literature
LGBTQ in literature
Sign language and literature
Human rights
The international community in American Literature
American legends
Mythology in American writing
Fiction in American writing
WWI literature
Bibliographies and autobiographies
Literature and propaganda
Literature of the city
Feminism in writing
Social identity
Evolution of American literature
Interracial love
American performed literature
Liberty in American Novels
Black poets

There are many topics you can explore in your American literature research papers. Choose a topic that allows you to exercise your mind and deliver the most insightful discussion. You may also hire a professional writer to assist you with the paper.

An Overview of the Discipline

The study of literature examines and interprets the written text of a language, period, or culture. The word "literature" literally translates to "things made of letters." As such, literature is manifested in many forms such as novels, short stories, plays, and poems. This broad field of study can also be broken down into sub-disciplines. Penn offers courses that explore British, American, Renaissance, Medieval, Postcolonial, Transnational, and African American literature. Though the content of these sub-disciplines differs, their approaches to writing are very similar.

Reasoning and Evidence

Writing in literature is oftentimes justificatory with scholars typically forming a position on or interpretation. In some cases, a scholar will simply seek to explain the meaning of a certain text or poem. Many literary papers manifest a delicate interplay of such explanation and justification.

At the undergraduate level, specific passages of a given text are the most crucial form of evidence. These concrete pieces of language provide the fundamental support for an ensuing argument, position, or explanation. In some analyses, it is also appropriate to draw upon biographical evidence of the author or the historical confluences that work within a given text. Though data-analysis in rare in this discipline, it can still be used in certain situations. An emerging field known as the digital humanities explores the intersection between computing and the disciplines of the humanities. This new disciplines utilizes techniques such as data visualization, text mining, and information retrieval – all quantitative methods of analysis.

The Writing Process

Literature is one of the most individualistic disciplines. It is highly unusual for papers to be co-authored. However, particular subdisicplines, like contemporary poetry, may include a certain degree of collaboration amongst researchers.

Components of Good Literary Writing

Organization
Grammar and Mechanics

Student Writing

Common errors, writing assignments, meet the professors.

Professor English specializes in modern and contemporary British fiction. His research interests include a unique, quantitative method of analyzing literature. This technique is rarely used in his discipline, but an emerging subdiscipline known as digital humantities oftentimes uses similar methods when engaging in reserach projects. More...

Professor Filreis is a Kelly Professor and Faculty Director of the Kelly Writers House. He is particularly interested in the study of modern poetics. His most recent book, Counter Revolution of the Word , details the impact of Cold War anticommunist rhetoric on the modern American poetry movement. More...

What to expect, what to bring
People at the center
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Schedule an appointment
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About Howard Marks
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100 best literary research paper topics for 2023.

Did you know that your professor will most likely award you bonus points simply because you came up with the most literary research paper topics? Or that writing essays on the best literary research paper topics is quicker than writing about other topics? Our list of literary analysis topics, literary analysis research paper topics and English literature topics is exactly what you need. All the topics are completely free to use and entirely original. We are working hard to update the list periodically to make sure we can help as many students as possible.

The Ultimate Literary Research Paper Topics List

Stop searching all over the Internet for excellent literary essay topics. Take a look at our list of literary topics and pick the one you like right now. We have plenty of topics for literary analysis split into different categories, so high school and college students can easily find what they are looking for, not matter if it’s rhetorical analysis essay or a paper related to specific period in literature. In addition, our literature topics are fresh. In other words, they are a great option in 2023. Get the best topics in literature in mere minutes right here (literary debate topics included).

British Literature Research Paper Topics

Are you interested in writing something interesting about British literature? If so, you may be interested in some of our amazing British literature research paper topics:

Cultures influenced by British literature.
Describe the peculiarities of the Orphans theme.
Compare two characters from 2 British literary works.
Utopian civilization in British literature.
Gender issues in British literary works.
What makes a book a classic?
Lake Poets and the Romantic Movement in British literature.
Oliver Twist: individualism and collectivism.

Interesting Literature Topics

Did you know that if you manage to surprise or impress your professor, you will most often get some bonus points? To achieve this, just choose one of these interesting literature topics:

Macbeth and the supernatural theme.
Social issues in modern literature.
Describe two masterpieces of contemporary literature.
Ethnicity in modem literature.
What is formalism in literature?
An in-depth Solomon Northrup biography.

Easy British Literature Essay Topics

We know, you want to write an interesting essay about British literature but don’t want to spend 4 days on it. Here are some easy British literature essay topics you will surely appreciate:

Discuss the Harry Potter books.
The loss of innocence motif (Lord of the Flies by William Golding)
Detective novels and their rise in popularity.
Analyze the three witches in Macbeth.
Describe the theme of class demarcation.
World War I: the use of violent imagery in novels.

Research Topics in English Literature

Do you want some of the best research topics in English literature on the Internet? You are in luck. We have some fresh topics that would work great in 2023:

Compare two of your favorite classis books.
What makes your favorite book so interesting?
Describe your favorite character in a book.
The best 5 authors in modern times.
Why has Harry Potter became so important?
Describe your favorite poet.

Western Literature Topics

Writing about Western literature can be a thrilling experience. Here are some topic ideas to choose from:

Compare and contrast 3 literary devices.
Artificial language in The Lord of the Rings.
The Bildungsroman genre: what is it?
Absalom, Absalom! by William Faulkner: Top 3 themes
Discuss the novel Tom Jones by Henry Fielding.
Paradise Lost’s influence on the modern novel

Literary Argument Topics

If you want to write a literary argument but don’t know where to start, we recommend you select one of these easy literary argument topics and start writing the paper today:

The Genesis myth in literature of the 17th century.
Analyze the poems by Thomas Hardy and identify the love and loss motifs.
Describe the peculiarities of rustic writing.
Gender in gothic novels.
Space age in literature of the 21st century.
Effects of mass print on Renaissance literature.

American Literature Research Paper Topics

Don’t postpone writing the American literature essay. We know you don’t know where to start, so we have put together a list of awesome American literature research paper topics just for you:

In-depth analysis of Colonial-period literature.
Puritan themes in Jonathan Edwards’ sermons.
Analyze Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence.
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: The power of education.
Ernest Hemingway’s Old Man and the Sea: unbreakable spirit
James Weldon Johnson’s The Creation: God’s humanity

Easy American Literature Topics

In case you want to write an essay about American literature but don’t want to spend too much time on it, we have some very interest and very easy American literature topics for students:

Discuss Latin American literature.
Top three literary devices in Moby Dick.
Discuss the main theme in Hamlet.
Eastern and Western literature: Similarities and differences
Discuss the contemporary literary theory.
Peculiarities of the personality of Don Quixote

Literary Analysis Paper Topics

Let’s face it: writing literary analysis essay can be a very difficult thing to do, especially if you don’t have academic writing experience. To make things easier for you, we’ve compiled a list of original literary analysis paper topics:

Analyze your favorite book.
Contrast two characters in your favorite literary work.
Analyze the historical context of your favorite book.
Analyze the main idea of a literary work of your choice.
An in-depth analysis of the cultural context of a book.
She significance of Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy.

European Literature

Are you interested in European literature? Don’t worry, we have some excellent topic ideas you can choose from right now:

Discuss Henrik Ibsen.
The peculiarities of Medieval European literature.
Analyze major divisions in literature in Europe.
The impact of European literature on modern literature.
Discuss The Epic of Gilgamesh
Discuss symbolism in European literature.

American Literature Research Topics for College

College students should pick more complex topics to write their essays about. Our skilled writers managed to create a list of American literature research topics for college students that are entirely original:

Compare American and European literature.
Compare American and Asian literature.
Women in American literature.
Critical issues in American literature.
Comedy in American literature.
War and peace in American literature.

Literary Journalism Topics

Interested in writing about literary journalism? We will make things as easy as possible for you. Just select one of these unique literary journalism topics and start working on your paper in minutes:

Adventure as a form of creative nonfiction.
Write a story about a famous crime.
Write the biography of your favorite writer.
Write a sporting story.
Discuss a political event.
Write about the history of an important invention.

World Literature Research Topics

It can be pretty tough to write a great essay on one of the many world literature research topics. Fortunately for you, we have some interesting ideas that don’t require extensive research:

Compare Chinese and Japanese literary works.
The differences between European and Chinese literature.
Similarities between Iliad and Odyssey,
Compare two Indian anti-British literary works.
How did Marx and Engels influence European literature?
Supernatural and spirituality in American literature.

Poetry Topics

Do you like poetry? If you do, you are most likely interested in writing an essay about it. Here are some great ideas that will get you started (all poetry topics are 100% original):

Discuss Sylvia Plath’s poems.
The Flowers of Evil by Charles Baudelaire
What is prose poetry?
Interesting features of the Sonnets (Shakespeare)
Allen Ginsberg’s influence on poetry
Allusions in modern poetry.

Eastern Literature

Eastern literature has some unique traits that you won’t find anywhere else. If you are intrigued about this and want to write about Eastern literature, pick one of the topics below:

A biography of Khalil Gibran.
Discuss peculiarities of Jewish literature.
Turkish literary devices.
Motifs in Aladdin.
Daoism philosophy in Chinese works.
Compare Arabic and Chinese poetry.

Need More Help?

We know that some students want even more interesting topics. Or perhaps you want some complex topics that will surprise your professor. Our writers are here to help you with anything you need. We can send you another list of literary research paper topics in no time. Each and every topic will be original, so you can safely use any of them without having to worry about plagiarizing anything.

In addition to literature research topics, we can help you with all sorts of writing, editing and proofreading services. Our experienced academic paper writers have written thousands of academic papers in any format and on any topic you can imagine. We have the skills and the experience to help you find complex literary topics for research paper and write an essay that will get you the A+ you need.

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75 Literature Research Paper Topic Ideas For You!

Through the exceptional examples we intent on sharing below, you will know how to stay on topic writing a research literature paper with ease. Stay with me.

English British Literature Research Paper Topic Ideas

A review of the character of Lady Macbeth in the works of William Shakespeare
Typical characters dominant in World War 1 and II books
How did Charles Dickens picture Victorian England in his works?
How Greek and Roman influenced Western literature
The role of the three Medieval Centuries of Literature in Britain
The construction of social identity through British English literature
How the natural world is represented in English British literature
Discuss the Anglo-Saxon oral poet myth

What is a Good Research Paper Topic For Early American Literature?

Major historical characters during the colonial period in America
How the revolutionary period of 1765 to 1789 defines freedom for America
The role of James Fennimore Cooper in enhancing nationalism
Moral ambiguity lessons during the American renaissance period
African Influence and Realism in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book
Social perception of contemporary American literature
The place of women in early American literature
Historical and cultural considerations of early American literature

Literature Research Paper Topic Ideas For High School

Discuss why ‘Harry Potter’ is still dominant
What is the difference between Utopian and dystopian literature?
How to distinguish fan fiction from other genres of literature
The significant contributions of the works of Shakespeare
Describe how literature enhances male chauvinism
Why are sex and romance the most read genre in literature?
The pros and cons of literature to society
How religion coincides with literature

Literature Research Paper Topics For University Degree Students

The impact of digitization on the dissemination and consumption of literature material
Interrelations and patterns existing between fables and human stories
The role of reading behaviors on the growth of literature
The shared elements of oral and written literature
How to make literature more interactive and human-centered
Evaluating the challenges facing the publishing industry
The impact of digital media on old literary forms
Is it possible to attain intellectually oriented people through reading?

Latest British Literature Research Paper Topics

Pertinent issues lacking in the British literature
Myths and facts on the gender issue in British literary materials
Why some books are considered literary classics?
A view of men in the works of William Shakespeare
What is the reception of modern literary works in Britain?
The theme of destiny and free will in the works of William Shakespeare
How the Victorian period impacted British literature
The variation between love presented in the books and the physical

Argumentative American Literature Research Paper Topics

Can books portray a fake reality from that which exists?
Are there realistic features in fiction stories?
Can the media complement the existing literary materials effectively?
Is the American literature a catalyst of violence
Are book reviews able to be without bias?
Is human dependence on technology harmful to print materials?
Has the coronavirus lockdown had an impact on American literature?
Is the government to blame for poor reading habits among citizens?

Hot Literature Topics For Research Paper

How are poets coping in the innovative era?
Which novels have withstood the test of time to now, and why?
Are countries losing their cultures as a result of ignoring literature?
Latest forms of copyright in the technology era
How racism is portrayed in novels in the 21st century
What is the place of literature in shaping a society’s morals?
How does culture affect literature in the American context?
An examination of how religion and literature collide

Controversial Literature Research Paper Topics

How to handle the topic of abortion in literature
Is literature promoting old cultural values that have been overtaken by events?
An analysis of the portrayal of sex in literary materials
Were Romeo and Juliet a mere fantasy story?
How far is too far for comedy in oral literature?
Feminism issues raised in the existing literary materials
The portrayal of ethnicity through literature
Who should censor literary materials used by students?

World Literature Research Paper Topics

The relationship between old and contemporary American literature
What role does gender play in any form of literature?
Compare and contrast the American and British works of the middle and early ages
The role of the works of Muslim philosophers to new inventions
How have publication intervals fallen out of fashion?
Distinguish between performance and narration in literature
The role of the supernatural and spirituality in literature
Why cultural values differentiate different works

High-Quality Literature Research Paper Topic Ideas

The role of female writers in the literature
Why do individual books get banned?
Problems facing the practical study of literature
The use of images in written literature
Early modern American works
Cross-cultural literary books
Functions of literature
Central themes in early British literature

Many students find writing a research paper challenging. Do not feel disappointed if you didn’t find a topic of your choice. You can still try our research paper writing services to get an affordable, customized literature research paper. You can still seek assistance from our writing help from experts on any section of your research paper today. Give it a try. Contact us with a “ do my research paper ” request and get a top grade.

The organisational impact of agility: a systematic literature review

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Published: 21 June 2024

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Tien Nguyen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-060X 1 ,
Cat Vi Le ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-2216 2 , 3 ,
Minh Nguyen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-2749 2 , 3 ,
Gam Nguyen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-2063 2 , 3 ,
Tran Thi Hong Lien ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-638X 2 , 3 &
Oanh Nguyen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-4923 2 , 3

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This paper reviews the literature on agility and its relationship with organisational performance using a sample of 249 recent empirical studies from 1998 to February 2024. We find support for a relatively strong and consistent contribution of different aspects of agility to organisational performance. Our analysis highlights numerous salient issues in this literature in terms of the theoretical background, research design, and contextual factors in agility-performance research. On this basis, we propose relevant recommendations for future research to address these issues, specifically focusing on the role of the board of directors and their leadership in fostering organisational agility.

Reactions towards organizational change: a systematic literature review

Authoritarian leadership styles and performance: a systematic literature review and research agenda

Exploring the challenges and benefits for scaling agile project management to large projects: a review

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

1 Introduction

Since the “Manifesto for Agile Software Development” was declared in 2001 (Highsmith 2011 ), the Agility concept and methodologies have migrated from a narrow area of the IT industry to a wide range of organisational applications. Agility has often been associated with startups and small and medium-sized companies but has recently been extended to large corporations. Due to the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) business environment combined with intense competition and threats from new startup radical growth, large firms are forced to change their status quo and their heavy and inflexible business and management models to quickly adapt to the rapidly changing environment. As such, embracing agility and leading with agility have become new norms and are essential for business survival (Rigby et al. 2016 ).

In recent years, the world economy has gone through unprecedented crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tech and trade war between the US and China, the Ukraine-Russia war, and the most recent Gaza Strip conflict triggering the Red Sea marine crisis; this has intensified the need for organisations to develop more agile business models to weather environmental turbulence and economic downturns (McKinsey & Company 2020 ). Complexity and unpredictability are dominating rules, challenging traditional management methods that rely on well-order planning. As such, in today's business world, being agile is no longer optional—it is essential for a company to stay alive (Harraf et al. 2015 ).

The recent focus on organisational agility in both research and practice can also be tied to some common practices applied in both small and large companies. One example is the use of cross-functional teams with procedures such as SCRUM to work in harmony with customers and deliver what they expect in a timely and cost-efficient manner (Handscomb et al. 2019 ). Teams with members from different functions and disciplines work together to put customers first and respond swiftly to their requests, reducing the waiting time visible in hierarchal organisations. However, further research evidence is needed to examine whether and to what extent it is sufficient for such a practice to build organisational agility. This highlights the need for comprehensive literature reviews with scientific research insights to guide industry practitioners in the application of agile practices.

Organisational agility is often defined as the dynamic capability of an organisation to act and react to uncertainties and the ability to explore and exploit opportunities in the business environment (Overby et al. 2006 ; Roberts and Grover 2012 ). Since 2019, the number of publications on organisational agility in literature has increased notably. However, as this literature evolves, agility is conceptualised inconsistently. This is particularly problematic given that agility is a multidimensional concept that includes but is not limited to various aspects, such as manufacturing agility, strategic agility, supply chain agility, IT agility, marketing agility, and workforce agility (Walter 2021 ). Such disagreement among researchers regarding how agility should be defined and constructed has posed significant challenges for researchers and practitioners in this area moving forwards, making it difficult to build the literature upon previous findings, to generalise those findings in different contexts and to apply this concept in reality (Walter 2021 ). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of agility as an overarching concept, its antecedents, and its effects on organisational outcomes is needed (Walter 2021 ).

Agility is often considered beneficial to organisational performance. With a dynamic ability to weather rapid changes and turbulence, an agile organisation is believed to be in a better position to produce outcomes. However, some evidence shows that the organisational benefits of agility are dependent on a range of factors, including the types of agility and outcomes as the focus of interest and the conditions for agility to contribute to organisational outcomes (Wieland and Wallenburg 2012 ). For instance, agility is found to increase firm financial performance (Rafi et al. 2021 ) or boost innovation (Del Giudice et al. 2021 ). However, in their study, Chakravarty et al. ( 2013 ) found that only entrepreneurial agility—the proactive ability to anticipate and exploit market opportunities and challenges—can help achieve better financial performance, while such effects from reactive types of agility are not significant. Additionally, while researchers have devoted much attention to some aspects of agility, such as supply chain agility or strategic agility, other aspects of agility, such as workforce agility and marketing agility, are still underresearched (Ajgaonkar et al 2022 ; Gomes et al. 2020 ). This demonstrates the need for a comprehensive and systematic review of whether, how, and what agility can contribute to organisational outcomes.

Recent literature reviews in this area have elucidated how agility is measured, what contributes to agility and the impact of agility on organisational outcomes. However, these reviews either adopted a narrow focus on one aspect of agility, such as marketing agility, supply chain agility, or IT agility (Kalaignanam et al. 2021 ; Patel and Sambasivan 2021 ; Tallon et al. 2019 ), or failed to provide an in-depth analysis that focused exclusively on the contribution of agility to business outcomes (Walter 2021 ).

The lack of a consensus on the concept, measurements and association of organisational agility with critical business outcomes indicates the need for a systematic review of the literature to, first, bring together all different types of agility and examine their impact on different organisational outcomes; second, identify the intervening factors that affect this relationship; and third, provide implications for future research in this area. This paper addresses the abovementioned objectives with an overarching research question: What is the current status of the literature on organisational agility and organisational outcomes? Then, this question is broken down into five broad subquestions as follows:

How are organisational agility and organisational performance defined and measured?

What is the relationship between organisational agility and organisational outcomes?

Which theories are used to examine the relationship between organisational agility and organisational outcomes?

What are some possible mediators or moderators that affect the relationship between organisational agility and organisational outcomes?

What are the implications for future research on this topic?

To comprehensively review the literature on agility and organisational performance, this paper adopts the strategy of a systematic literature review to examine 249 empirical studies in this area from 1998 to February 2024. This paper makes two significant contributions to the literature in this field. First, it seeks to provide a comprehensive summary and a conceptual map of whether and how organisational agility affects organisational performance based on 26 years of empirical evidence on this topic. Second, it aims to identify the gaps in knowledge and propose possible directions for future research and practices in this area. The paper starts with an introduction of the research design, followed by a description of the research findings, and ends with a discussion and recommendations for future research.

2 Research design

This paper adopts the widely used systematic review methodology in literature review studies to collect and analyse data because it is comprehensive, transparent, evidence-based, and unbiased (Khan et al. 2003 ; Snyder 2019 ; Tranfield et al. 2003 ). Figure 1 explains the strategy and steps taken to conduct this literature review.

Systematic literature review strategy and procedure

Following Xiao and Watson ( 2019 ), Diaz Tautiva et al. ( 2024 ), Tranfield et al. ( 2003 ), the paper utilises a systematic strategy and review steps through the three main phases of (i) planning, (ii) data collection, and (iii) data extraction, synthesis, and reporting to ensure the replicability and transparency of the methodology and findings. In the planning phase, we formed the review framework by carefully crafting the research objectives and referring to existing systematic review frameworks. Through this process, we were able to determine the search criteria and the framework for data extraction and classification, as indicated in Fig. 1 .

The review framework is based on dimensions of agility, variable measurement, theoretical background, methodology, findings, and intervening factors, followed by a synthesis of a conceptual map (Walter 2021 ; Bhattacharjee and Sarkar 2022 ; Patel and Sambasivan 2021 ). This framework is well aligned with our research questions and objectives and is often used in other literature review papers (Walter 2021 ; Bhattacharjee and Sarkar 2022 ; Patel and Sambasivan 2021 ). By using this framework, we can then move to the next step, which involves identifying the knowledge gaps in the literature and proposing some directions for future research in the field.

Using the predetermined search criteria identified in the planning phase, we first conducted a general search on Web of Science, one of the largest coverage databases, and obtained a sample of 8107 papers. We used the filter function to include 1165 peer-reviewed articles that had full texts available, were written in English, and were published in the fields of business, economics, and management. Then, we screened the titles and abstracts and adopted further exclusion criteria, as shown in Fig. 1 . The final sample consists of 249 English peer-reviewed empirical articles on agility and organisational outcomes, with agility being one of the main variables of interest in studies that test the firm-level impact of agility in the business, economics, and management fields.

Three groups of coders performed the data extraction and grouping based on the predetermined criteria mentioned above. Discussion and moderation were conducted before each group carried out their tasks. The data were extracted into an Excel file and categorised into the following columns: article title, authors, year, journal, theories, sample size, sample type (cross-sectional or panel), independent variables, moderators and contextual variables, mediators, dependent variables, control variables, analytical approach, and findings.

3 Research findings

3.1 descriptive analysis.

Table 1 summarises some key features of our data. In this dataset, agility is either the primary independent variable or a mediator that links inputs to outcomes. We also included other recent literature reviews and conceptual papers in this field to support our data analysis. Thus, our final data consist of 249 empirical studies, 39 literature reviews and conceptual studies, and seven other relevant studies in this area.

Figure 2 presents the distribution of 249 empirical studies on agility and outcomes from 1998 to February 2024, with a sharp increase in the number of publications in recent years since 2017. This indicates researchers’ growing interest in this area and reflects a timely research response to recent environmental and societal changes (Joyce 2021 ).

Publications by year from 1998 to February 2024

Table 2 provides an overview of different subtopics in agility and organisational outcomes research and shows that supply chain agility, organisational agility, and strategic agility are the most researched topics in this area. Other aspects of agility run from manufacturing/operational to marketing, business process, customer, workforce, IT and digital, market capitalising, project management, leadership, intellectual, R&D, social media, and value creation.

3.2 Measuring agility

Table 3 elucidates how different types of agility are measured in the literature. There is no consensus on how agility should be defined and measured. As the most researched type of agility, supply chain agility has been captured based on one or multiple dimensions, such as customers, products, delivery, responsiveness to the environment, competitors, and partners (Mandal 2018 ; Charles et al. 2010 ), collaborative planning (Braunscheidel and Suresh 2009 ; Chiang et al. 2012 ), procurement/sourcing and distribution/logistics (Swafford et al. 2006 ). Other approaches to measuring agility focus more on organisational capabilities such as alertness, accessibility, decisiveness, swiftness, and flexibility (Gligor and Holcomb 2012 ) or internal processes such as network collaboration, information integration, process integration, customer demand responsiveness (Mirghafoori et al. 2017 ) or information sharing (Whitten et al. 2012 ).

Organisational agility has also been measured in different ways. While some pioneering studies consider organisational agility to be flexible (Sharifi and Zhang 1999 ), others reveal that organisational agility should be a broader concept (Vokurka and Fliedner 1998 ). Such a concept can be similar to organisational ambidexterity (Overby et al. 2006 ; Roberts and Grover 2012 ), can feature dynamic capability (Teece et al. 1997 ), or can represent an overall organisational framework (Doz and Kosonen 2008 ; Dyer and Shafer 1998 ). The three most popular dimensions of organisational agility—customers, operation and partnership—are drawn from the work of Tallon and Pinsonneault ( 2011 ). Other approaches capture the sensing capability and response capability of organisations (Overby et al. 2006 ) or have different focuses, including but not limited to internal capabilities (Sharifi and Zhang 1999 ), people (Pramono et al. 2021 ), business processes (Vaculík et al. 2018 ), or products and costs (Zheng et al. 2023 ).

Strategic agility is commonly measured based on strategic sensitivity, resource fluidity, leadership unity, or a combination of technology capability, collaborative innovation, organisational learning, and internal alignment (Clauss et al. 2021 ; Doz and Kosonen 2008 ). Another approach involves adopting the three key dimensions of agility from Tallon and Pinsonneault ( 2011 ) from a strategic perspective. Some other measurement approaches are presented in Table 3 .

Manufacturing agility has been examined as a system leveraged by a range of capabilities, including responsiveness, competency, flexibility and speed (Cao and Dowlatshahi 2005 ; Sharifi and Zhang 1999 ), or as an organisational competency (Jacobs et al. 2011 ). Some of the less popular types of agility, such as customer agility, are measured as customers’ sensing capabilities and customers’ response capabilities (Clauss et al. 2021 ; Doz and Kosonen 2008 ). Intellectual agility is captured as the level of business-related skills, the frequency of skills and knowledge updates, the perception of work tasks as a challenge or an opportunity to practice skills, and the willingness to apply alternative solutions when solving problems (Chen and Chiang 2011 ; Felipe et al. 2016 ; Sambamurthy et al. 2003 ).

Overall, the literature on agility offers a wide range of approaches to measuring organisational agility and other dimensions of agility. While traditional approaches such as those of Sharifi and Zhang ( 1999 ), Overby et al. ( 2006 ), or Tallon and Pinsonneault ( 2011 ) are widely used, the literature continues to evolve with newer and more innovative approaches to measure agility and its dimensions. On the one hand, it motivates researchers in this field to develop better and more comprehensive ways to capture agility. On the other hand, the lack of consistency in measuring agility makes it difficult for researchers to synthesise how agility and its dimensions are constructed and what organisations should focus on to be more agile. Thus, there is a lack of informed guidance for practitioners to build agility in their organisations.

3.3 Measuring organisational outcomes

Table 4 provides an overview of the various aspects of organisational outcomes and the ways in which they are measured. The literature indicates a wide range of organisational outcomes examined in the context of agility. Some popular approaches to measuring organisational outcomes include the use of a self-reported overall organisational performance indicator, the construction of a composite variable with multiple dimensions, or the use of multiple separate indicators to capture different aspects of performance, including but not limited to financial performance (accounting and market indicators), nonfinancial performance, environmental performance, operational performance and beyond (Kurniawan et al. 2021a , b ). Other aspects of organisational outcomes examined in the agility and organisational outcomes literature include supply chain performance, innovation, competitiveness, customer service performance, digital and technology performance, manufacturing and operation, sustainability, international performance, employees, marketing, and organisational capabilities.

The literature offers a diverse set of organisational outcomes in conjunction with agility. This allows researchers and practitioners to look at how agility affects organisations in different angles and layers from financial performance to organisational survival, operation, sustainability, capabilities, employee performance and well-being. However, methodologically, the literature reveals some flaws in measuring and constructing organisational performance. While the predominant use of composite variables helps capture an overall indicator of organisational performance, which eases the analysis process (Panda 2021 ), this approach lacks consideration of the separate impact of each aspect of performance, making it challenging to interpret the results and apply the findings to practice.

The literature also reveals that organisational outcomes are often measured as construct variables through reflective/self-report survey questions (Altay et al. 2018 ; Goncalves et al. 2020 ), which raises some concerns about data reliability and validity. Some other studies use quantitative variables based on secondary data (Gligor and Bozkurt 2021 ; Pereira et al. 2021 ) or examine both qualitative and quantitative performance variables. However, further tests should be adopted to ensure the consistency and congruence of these methods (Feizabadi et al. 2019 ; Gligor et al. 2020a , b ).

3.4 The use of theories in agility and organisational outcome research

Table 5 provides a summary of relevant theories in this area of research. Despite the wide range of theories available in this domain, the use of theories in empirical research in this sample is still inadequate. Out of 249 empirical studies, 141 (56.6%) adopt single or multiple theoretical approaches to build their argument of the contribution of agility to organisational outcomes. However, 109 (43.8%) studies in the dataset did not explicitly utilise relevant theories to support their hypothesis development. Given this lack of solid theoretical frameworks, these studies cannot develop a logical and established view of how or why agility improves organisational outcomes, which might threaten the rigour of their research design and the strength of their argument.

Furthermore, Table 5 highlights a wide range of theories incorporated in this research domain, with the dynamic capabilities perspective and the resource-based view being the most widely used theoretical background. These two theoretical frameworks are often combined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between agility and outcomes (Jabarzadeh et al. 2022 ; Mikalef and Pateli 2017 ). The dynamic capabilities perspective emphasises the importance of perceiving and seizing valuable growth opportunities and the ability to transform the organisation to fit with these opportunities (Teece et al. 1997 ). However, the dynamic capabilities perspective is criticised for its limited explanation of how and to what extent organisations should achieve the abovementioned purposes (Ambler and Wilson 2006). The resource-based view focuses on analysing the internal resources of the enterprise as well as linking internal resources with the external environment to foster innovation and create competitive advantage (Sambamurthy et al. 2003 ). However, similar to dynamic capabilities theory, the resource-based view still has limited practicality (El Shafeey and Trott 2014 ). Therefore, future studies on firm performance and agility should be based on a multitheoretical approach to obtain a more comprehensive view of this relationship (Doz and Kosonen 2008 ; Dyer and Shafer 1998 ).

3.5 The relationship between agility and organisational performance

Figure 3 summarises the findings of the relationship between agility and performance. Evidence from the current literature elucidates the positive impact of agility on organisational performance, with 219 (87.9%) studies confirming the positive impact of different forms of agility on organisational outcomes. Twenty-seven studies reported mixed effects between agility and organisational outcomes, 2 studies found no significant relationship between agility and organisational outcomes, and 1 study showed a negative impact of organisational agility on the continuity of innovation projects in organisations.

The impact of agility on organisational performance

Overall, relatively strong and consistent results support the contribution of organisational agility to organisational outcomes, including overall organisational performance (Stei et al. 2024 ), financial and nonfinancial performance (i.e., Rafi et al. 2021 ), innovation (i.e., Goncalves et al. 2020 ), sustainability ( i.e., Lopez-Gamero et al. 2023 ), competitiveness (i.e., Mikalef and Pateli 2017 ), digital and technology transformation ( i.e., Ly 2023 ), international performance ( i.e., Nemkova 2017 ), and employee job performance ( i.e., Chung et al. 2014 ).

However, some studies still report mixed effects of organisational agility on organisational outcomes. Several factors contribute to this mixed effect. First, it depends on the type of inputs and outcomes in the models where organisational agility serves as a mediator or a main independent variable. For example, even though organisational agility is found to enhance radical innovation, it does not help incremental innovation, even under technological turbulence, according to a study conducted by Puriwat and Hoonsopon ( 2021 ). Organisational agility has been shown to translate firm knowledge management into competitive advantage. However, by taking a closer look at different forms of knowledge management, Corte-Real et al. ( 2017 ) found that organisational agility serves as a mediator only for the relationship between exogenous knowledge management and firm competitiveness but not for that between endogenous knowledge management or knowledge sharing partners. Another study confirmed that knowledge management improves organisational agility, which in turn strengthens firm competitive advantage, but a similar positive mediating effect is not found for knowledgement and firm innovation (Salimi and Nazarian 2022 ).

Second, the impact of organisational agility on organisational outcomes is dependent on its dimensions . For instance, between the two types of organisational agility, entrepreneurial agility improves firm financial performance, while adaptive agility does not (Chakravarty et al. 2013 ). Additionally, El Idrissi et al. ( 2023 ) found that among the three dimensions of organisational agility—customer agility, operational agility, and partnering agility—only the first two help organisations to be more prepared for crises.

Third, the mixed effect of organisational agility on organisational outcomes is found under different contextual factors . For instance, the dynamics of the business environment facilitate the positive effect of organisational agility on firm financial performance but not on environmental performance or social performance (Khan 2023 ). Under a low to moderate level of industry competition, organisational agility positively mediates the impact of operational cooperation on the mass customisation of products and services. However, when competition is too intense, this mediating effect becomes negative (Sheng et al. 2021 ). Vaculík et al. ( 2018 ) found that under disruptive organisational changes, firms need to trade off short-term benefits for long-term performance. In such a situation, being more agile causes firms to abandon their current innovation projects and leads to greater possibilities of innovation project termination.

Supply chain agility has been found to improve organisational financial performance (DeGroote and Marx 2013 , Wamba and Akter 2019 ; Zhu and Gao 2021 ), competitive advantage (Alfalla-Luque et al. 2018 ; Chen 2019 ), commercial performance (Sturm et al. 2021 ), customer service (Avelar 2018 ), customer satisfaction (Gligor et al. 2020a , b ), supply chain performance (Baah et al. 2021 ; Wang and Ali 2021 ), and supply chain resilience (Naimi et al. 2020 ). However, in some specific situations, such as uncertain environmental conditions and supply chain disruptions, only supply chain flexibility—one of the three dimensions of supply chain agility—increases organisational performance, while the impacts of the other two dimensions (velocity and visibility) are not statistically significant (Juan et al. 2021 ). Another study showed that supply chain agility has no significant impact on performance (Wieland and Wallenburg 2012 ).

Strategic agility has been found to directly improve overall performance (Chan and Muthuveloo 2021 ; Kurniawan et al. 2020 ), project performance (Haider and Kayani 2021 ), technological performance (Pereira et al. 2021 ), competitive advantage (Hemmati et al. 2016 ), and innovation (Clauss et al. 2021 ). However, Reed ( 2021 ) shows that under environmental turbulence, firms that are more strategically agile experience lower financial performance.

Manufacturing agility and operational agility have been proven to increase competitiveness (Vázquez‐Bustelo et al. 2007 ), manufacturing performance (Awan et al. 2021 ), and market share (Ettlie 1998 ). However, Jacobs et al. ( 2011 ) found that the relationship between manufacturing and firm financial performance is not significant.

Strong evidence supports the contribution of other forms of agility to organisational outcomes (Abrishamkar et al. 2021 ; Asseraf et al. 2019b; Gupta et al. 2019 ; Ju et al. 2020 ; Roberts and Grover 2012 ). However, the positive contributions of these forms vary under certain conditions. Onngam and Charoensukmongkol ( 2023 ) highlighted that firms benefit more from social media agility when the organisational size is smaller and the dynamism of the business environment is lower. Sharif et al. ( 2022 ) found that market capitalising agility only mediates the relationship between knowledge coupling and firm innovation during business downsizing. Khan ( 2020 ) and Zhou et al. ( 2019 ) noted that marketing agility improves firm financial performance. However, when the market is turbulent, this positive effect becomes nonsignificant; when the complexity of marketing is heightened, higher marketing agility reduces marketing adaptation ability. Ngo and Vu ( 2021 , 2020 ) examined two dimensions of customer agility and found that while sensing capability helps organisations achieve superior financial performance, response capability does not.

Overall, the literature on the organisational impact of agility provides strong evidence to support such a positive and significant effect. However, in some cases, how and whether agility leads to higher outcomes is notably dependent on (i) certain environmental factors, (ii) different dimensions of agility and (iii) the types of organisational outcomes.

3.6 Intervening factors in organisational agility and outcomes relationship

Table 6 presents the use of intervening factors in agility and performance research. Agility is often treated as an important mediator linking organisational inputs to outcomes. This is reflected in 61.8% of the research in the dataset incorporating agility as a mediator in their models. For instance, organisational agility is considered a positive explanatory factor for the impact of technological capability and IT (Govuzela and Mafini 2019 ), corporate network management (Kurniawan et al. 2021a , b ), knowledge and intellectual resources management (Cegarra-Navarro et al. 2016 ), leadership capability (Oliveira et al. 2012b , a ), risk management culture (Liu et al. 2018 ), organisational learning culture (Pantouvakis and Bouranta 2017 ), strategic alignment (Hazen et al. 2017 ), promotion information analysis capability (Shuradze et al. 2018 ), organisational ambidexterity (Del Giudice et al. 2021 ), and dispute management (Yaseen et al. 2021 ) on organisational performance. This indicates the importance of conducting agility-performance research in an organisation's internal and external context to understand how agility plays out with other factors to predict organisational outcomes.

Table 7 presents the types of intervening factors examined in the literature on agility and organisational outcomes. The literature highlights that the organisational impact of agility is subjected to a wide range of moderating factors . As aforementioned, organisational agility tends to exert its strengths under adverse environmental conditions, such as volatile and complex environments (Clauss et al. 2021 ), high competitive pressure (Ahammad et al. 2021 ), and high demand for major technological change in the industry (Ashrafi et al. 2019 ). Additionally, the impact of agility on organisational outcomes depends on external factors such as customer loyalty (Gligor et al. 2020b , a ) and industry type (Lee et al. 2016 ) or internal factors such as firm age (Reed 2021 ), the adaptability of products and marketing (Asseraf et al. 2019a), the nature of work (Chung et al. 2014 ), information technology systems agility (Tallon and Pinsonneault 2011 ), and startup innovation sensitivity (Tsou and Cheng 2018 ).

Third, the literature also elucidates the mediators through which agility contributes to organisational outcomes. These include but are not limited to the following: new technology acceptance (Chung et al. 2014 ), business model innovation (Mihardjo and Rukmana 2019 ), entrepreneurship and innovative behaviour development (Pramono et al. 2021 ), networking structure (Yang and Liu 2012 ) and market and social media analytics capability (Yang and Liu 2012 ). Similarly, supply chain agility is said to improve organisational performance through competitiveness (Sheel and Nath 2019 ), risk management (Okoumba et al. 2020 ), collaboration and re-engineering capabilities (Abeysekara et al. 2019 ), effectiveness, cost reduction (Gligor et al. 2015 ), and customer value and customer service (Um 2017 ).

The above analysis and the aspects that are mentioned in Sect. 3.5 stress the importance of studying the relationship between agility and firm performance in the context of both contextual factors and mediators. This highlights the need for future research to continue searching for factors that affect the contribution of agility to firm performance. Such comprehensive models will enhance our understanding of the relationship between agility and organisational performance and, as such, will significantly contribute to further developing this research area.

3.7 Research methodologies in the agility and firm performance literature

Table 8 presents a summary of popular research methodologies used in agility–organisational outcome research, with several notable findings as follows:

First, most studies in the sample use quantitative methods to examine the effect of agility on firm performance. Qualitative and mixed methods, although considered insightful and comprehensive (Truscott et al. 2010 ), have not been adequately utilised in this literature. Overall, the quantitative approach is appropriate for testing the causal effect between Agility (X) and OP (Y) in one or multiple regression models. However, the over-emphasis on causality testing without a proper investigation of the underlying reasons and insights using qualitative techniques might lead to imprecise findings and conclusions, which may create confusion and misunderstanding when applied to practice (Heyvaert et al. 2013 ).

Second, the research on agility and organisational performance mainly uses primary data from surveys and questionnaires to individuals and organisations at a specific timeframe. This approach is appropriate because, given the complexity of measuring agility, it is challenging and impractical for researchers to use proxy and secondary data for measurement. However, using a one-time survey has disadvantages in terms of reliability and generalisability, as the information collected only reflects the impact of agility on organisational performance at a specific time point. This reduces the generalisability of research findings to other contexts at different time points (Bartram 2019 ; Wooldridge 2010 ).

Third, the most popular analytical tool used in this literature is structural equation modelling (SEM)/PLS-SEM (Mikalef and Pateli 2017 ; Ramos et al. 2021 ), which includes bootstrapping techniques (Felipe et al. 2020 ; Gligor et al. 2019 ), followed by multiregression approaches for cross-sectional or panel data (Chen et al. 2014 ; Pereira et al. 2021 ). It is appropriate to use SEM for complex models with multilevel causal relationships. This method facilitates the examination of models with different pathways, including models with mediators and moderators, and provides suitable treatments for latent variables (Bollen 2014 ; Kline 2015 ).

Notably, there are two widely used methods in SEM: covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) and partial least squares-based SEM (PLS-SEM). CB-SEM is often used in confirmatory research and factor-based models, while PLS-SEM is used in exploratory research and composite-based models (Dash and Paul 2021 ; Rigdon et al. 2017 ). However, the use of PLS-SEM is still debatable in the literature. PLS-SEM is criticised for its limited ability to examine complex and multidirectional causal relationships in SEM and its unproven assumptions (Antonakis et al. 2010 ). This leads to inconsistency in analytical findings and the ability to appraise model fit, especially for models based on small sample sizes (McIntosh et al. 2014 ; Rönkkö et al. 2016 ). Recent research in this area has emphasised that researchers must prioritise understanding their research question, the nature of the variables used, and the purpose of their research to consider the appropriate analytical method (Sarstedt et al. 2016 ).

4 Discussion and implications for future research

Using a dataset of 249 empirical studies from 1998 to 2024, this literature review paper has highlighted that agility is an essential predictor of organisational outcomes. Details about agility, firm performance, and the intervening factors of this causal relationship are summarised in Fig. 4 . The findings of this paper support our understanding of the relationship between agility and organisational performance and provide valuable implications for future research in this field, as indicated below.

A summary concept map of the agility and organisational outcomes relationship

4.1 Measuring agility

The literature shows that organisational agility is a matter of becoming rather than being (Alzoubi, et al. 2011 ; Harraf et al 2015 ). As analysed earlier, the literature on agility and firm performance has not provided a solid answer as to how and to what extent agility and its dimensions should be measured. For instance, Table 2 indicates that organisational agility can be measured with multiple instruments, including a firm’s internal capability, external partnership management, its proactiveness to sensing new opportunities, and its responsiveness to changes in the environment. This provides opportunities for future research to explore more extensive approaches to measuring agility based on the literature and explore how organisational agility and its dimensions could be improved (i.e., Ajgaonkar et al. 2022 ).

4.2 Theoretical background

Our analysis indicates that there is a wide range of theories available in the literature that provide explanations and justifications for the contribution of agility to organisational performance, with dynamic capability theory and resource-based theory being the two most widely used theories. The literature also highlights the growing use of multitheoretical approaches for a more extensive understanding of this relationship. Future research could explore new theories and simultaneously continue to incorporate multiple theories to examine the relationship between agility and firm performance.

4.3 Agility dimensions and their impacts on organisational performance

Our analysis indicates that organisational agility, supply chain agility, strategic agility, and manufacturing/operational agility are the most popular topics in the agility-firm performance literature, while the organisational impact of other types of agility, for instance, workforce agility, intellectual agility, leadership agility, and project management agility, are not thoroughly examined. This provides opportunities for future research to investigate these dimensions and their impact on organisational outcomes.

Another promising pathway moving forwards is leadership agility. While top managers and corporate boards are considered crucial for creating and promoting organisational agility, research on this topic is still scarce in terms of both quantity and quality (Lehn 2018 ). The existing corporate governance literature has emphasised the unparalleled contribution of boards of directors to organisational survival with their ability to link firms to external resources during economic uncertainties, crises, or bankruptcy (Haleblian and Finkelstein 1993 ; Hillman et al. 2009 ). To do so, boards needs to build their dynamic capabilities to create, strengthen, and adjust their internal resources to adapt to the external environment (Barreto 2010 ; Helfat et al. 2009 ). However, except for the work of Desai ( 2016 ) that examines the impact of board size and ownership structure on organisational flexibility and the work of Hoppmann et al. ( 2019 ) on the influence of the board on strategic flexibility, this area of research is still in its infancy. This gap in knowledge encourages future research to examine (i) the processes that allow boards to fulfil their role of facilitating changes and building agility capability in their organisation, (ii) the attributes and characteristics of boards that allow them to be more agile, and (iii) whether such agility can contribute to organisational agility, which translates to organisational outcomes.

Our literature review also indicates that agility can contribute to a wide range of organisational outcomes. However, there is still a lack of evidence on how agility affects outcomes in an orderly way running from the individual level to the group level to organisational level outcomes and how and whether the impact of agility on organisational outcomes might be different in the short, medium, and long term. Thus, it is strongly recommended that future research explore these possibilities to provide a more comprehensive and structured view of agility and outcome relationships.

4.4 Interactions and intervening factors

Our review indicates that many aspects of organisational performance benefit from agility. However, these benefits are likely to be dependent on a wide range of factors. This encourages future research to continue searching for intervening factors that have meaningful impacts on the agility–performance relationship. For instance, how and whether agility impacts organisational outcomes might depend on various factors: the type of organisation – small and medium-sized enterprises, public sector organisations, multinational enterprises, nonprofit organisations or domestic vs. international organisations; different stages of the organisational life cycle; and different types of organisational structure and culture (Harraf et al 2015 ).

Additionally, different types of agility may interact, and such interactions might affect organisational outcomes in different ways. This warrants further investigation to examine the effects of different types of agility on firm performance both separately and interactively (Gunasekaran et al 2019 ), for instance, the interactive effects of workforce agility and manufacturing agility on organisational performance.

4.5 Methodology

Our review shows that quantitative research is a primary approach in agility-firm performance research. However, the overreliance on causality might prevent researchers from understanding the underlying reasons why agility can translate to organisational outcomes and the dynamics behind this causal relationship. As such, future research should use a mixed method with both qualitative and quantitative approaches to first understand the organisational impact of agility at the surface level and, second, reveal the processes, dynamics, blockages, enablers and other organisational factors that explain the relationship between agility and organisational outcomes.

Additionally, our review indicates that there is still a lack of comparative research in this area. This provides some pathways for future research to investigate the effect of agility on firm performance in comparative settings. For instance, is the impact of agility on organisational outcomes different across different national cultures and institutional contexts?

Finally, our review highlighted the need for panel and time series data to examine the short-term, medium-term, and long-term effects of agility on organisational performance. We strongly recommend that future research develop more extensive datasets covering multiple periods to ensure that robust and rigorous studies are added to this literature.

4.6 Implications

The resulting concept model of this paper with antecedents, mediators, moderators, organisational outcomes and types of agility has multiple implications for industry practitioners.

First , organisational agility is constructed from several subcomponents corresponding to multiple business functions, such as the supply chain, strategy, manufacturing, marketing, workforce, IT and leadership. For an entire organisation to be agile, each and every function should be agile.

Organisations can utilise different avenues and practices to build capabilities that contribute to agility.

Second , agility promotes corporate outcomes through its impact on mediating actions. To realise the potential of agility, organisations should account for those mediating steps and outcomes in their implementation.

Finally , a strong finding of this literature review is the way in which the relationship between agility and outcomes is contextualised. As such, organisations should pay attention to both internal and external environments as contingent factors on agility and outcomes. For instance, agility seems to have the greatest impact in complex and volatile environments, so organisations should carefully consider the implementation of agility if they operate in relatively stable industries. Additionally, while startups in high-tech industries are initially agile, established businesses in stable industries are generally not agile. As such, for such businesses to achieve agility, they should consider factors such as firm size, IT infrastructure and their customer base.

5 Research contribution, limitations and conclusion

By answering the research question “ What is the current status of the literature on organisational agility and organisational outcomes?” in the above analysis, this study has provided a comprehensive picture of the current literature on the relationship between several aspects of agility and firm performance, with the former either as independent or as mediator variables. The review covers theories, measurements, relationship structure, methodology, and concepts of agility. Following Walter's ( 2021 ) systematic review of agility, our study has extended the scope of investigation and focuses specifically on the relationship between the two most important concepts of agility and performance that play a minor role in Walter’s OA conceptual map. Additionally, the paper has mapped out the organisational agility–performance relationship with antecedents, mediators and moderators, each with a specific list of dimensions for measurement, as sketched out in the subresearch questions. This conceptual map can guide future studies in establishing well-rooted research models.

With a limited number of empirical studies (249), a sharp increase since 2017, a few with archival data (while a majority with data from questionnaires and interviews), and a significant proportion of research without theories as background, agility performance appears to be an emerging research field in its immature phase. This point is strengthened by the fact that the reviewed articles are not in top theoretical management journals such as the Journal of Management and the Academy of Management Journal. Furthermore, theories of this relationship have not been explicitly developed to support quantitative studies for hypothesis testing. By highlighting this gap, this study opens a new road for researchers to establish theories for the agility–performance relation beyond what is currently borrowed from the strategic management field.

Our paper has several limitations. Our attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of agility and performance prevents us from examining this relationship in a specific country or industry context. In addition, although our dataset covers a long time frame from 1998 to February 2024, some of the most recent research may not be included in our review. Nevertheless, we believe that our findings underline both the importance of organisational agility and the worth viewing it in conjunction with other organisational aspects in predicting organisational performance. Furthermore, we hope that this study will inspire future investigations to move further in this literature.

In conclusion, organisational agility and its association with organisational performance have emerged as attractive research topics since 2017. Even though quantitative empirical studies account for most publications, a significant number of them lack a background theory and a consensus on measuring agility and its subcategories. This is detrimental to the value of the findings and intensifies the need for future studies to develop this immature field.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from Web of Science database for account holders. The data are available from the authors upon request.

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Nguyen, T., Le, C.V., Nguyen, M. et al. The organisational impact of agility: a systematic literature review. Manag Rev Q (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00446-9

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Examining the response to covid-19 in logistics and supply chain processes: insights from a state-of-the-art literature review and case study analysis.

1. Introduction

RQ1 (scientific): How have researchers studied the impact of COVID-19 on logistics and supply chain processes? Which industrial sectors were mostly studied and why? Which additional topics can be related to COVID-19 and logistics/supply chain?
RQ2 (practical): What effects of COVID-19 on logistics and supply chain processes were experienced by companies?

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. systematic literature review, 2.1.1. sample creation, 2.1.2. descriptive analyses, 2.1.3. paper classification.

Macro theme: sustainability, resilience, risk, information technology, economics, performance, planning and food security. This classification represents paper’s core topic.
Industrial sector: aerospace, agri-food, apparel, automotive, construction, e-commerce, electronic, energy, fast-moving consumer goods, food, healthcare, logistics, manufacturing and service.
Data collection method: questionnaire/interview, third-party sources or case study. This classification represents the method used by the authors to collect the data useful to their study.
Research method: statistical, decision-making, simulation, empirical, literature review or economic. This category describes the tool used by the authors to conduct the study and reach the related goals.
Specific method, e.g., descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), etc.; this feature describes more accurately the type of work carried out by the authors and the tools used.
Country: it reflects the geographical area in which the study was carried out, in terms, for instance, of the country in which a sample of people has been interviewed or where empirical data were collected, or where the simulation was set. This method of classification, although more elaborated, was preferred over traditional approaches, in which the country of the study is defined based merely on the affiliation of the first author of the paper, because the exact knowledge of the country in which the study was carried out is, for sure, a more representative source of information about the research. This is true in general, but it is even more important for this subject matter, as the management of the COVID-19 pandemic was made on a country or regional basis, with significant differences from country to country; knowing the exact location of the study helps in better interpreting the research outcomes. Possible entries in this field also include “multiple countries” and “not specified”, with the obvious meanings of the terms.

2.1.4. Cross-Analyses

2.1.5. interrelated aspects, 2.2. case study, 2.2.1. data collection.

Economic data: some key economic data were retrieved from the company’s balance sheet, from 2019 up to the latest available document, which refers to 2022.
Organizational data: these data describe changes in the operational, decision-making and business structure of the company in terms, e.g., of number of employees hired, number of drivers, etc.
The related data were collected and elaborated between July and September 2023.

2.2.2. Survey Phase

2.2.3. analysis and summary, 3. results—systematic literature review, 3.1. descriptive statistics, 3.2. common classification fields, 3.2.1. macro theme, 3.2.2. industrial sector, 3.2.3. data collection method, 3.2.4. research method, 3.2.5. country, 3.3. cross-analyses, 3.3.1. macro theme vs. industrial sector, 3.3.2. research method vs. macro theme, 3.4. interrelated aspects, 4. results—case study, 4.1. company overview, 4.2. pre-covid-19 period, 4.3. covid-19 period, 4.4. post-covid-19 period, 4.5. analysis and summary.

Strengths : at present, Company A benefits from a robust network of relationships with customers and suppliers (e.g., drivers), which was leveraged during the pandemic period to provide a rapid response to the increased request by the consumers. The company has also leveraged the usage of digital technologies, which made logistics activities more efficient and, again, allowed the company to respond to consumer demand in the pandemic period.
Weaknesses : Company A has suffered from low economic results, in particular in the post-COVID-19 period, mainly due to the high production costs. Efforts must be made by the company to reduce expenses. At the same time, however, the service level, in terms of delivery lead time or on-time delivery, should be safeguarded.
Opportunities : the growth of e-commerce, experienced in the COVID-19 period but expected to last over time, creates opportunities for increasing the volume of items handled by Company A. Indeed, the survey phase demonstrated that the company’s consumers have shifted towards the usage of online sales; hence, the company could consider investing in this area to increase its market share. By leveraging the e-commerce logistics and diversifying service, expansions could also be possible at an international level. Even if the company has already embraced the implementation of digital technologies, some emerging technologies (e.g., drones or advanced traceability systems) could also be introduced for further improving the logistics efficiency. Finally, sustainability is another opportunity to be leveraged, because of the current push towards the adoption of environmental-friendly logistics solutions. Examples of those solutions include a reduction in CO 2 emissions, and the usage of electric vehicles or zero-impact materials.
Threats : the growth of e-commerce can be seen as an opportunity, but because many logistics companies have already entered this field, the sector is characterized by very high competition, which could limit the market share of Company A; this could instead be seen as a threat needing to be properly managed. Another threat comes from the increased cost of fuel, which, for sure, for a logistics company plays an important role in determining the cost of the transport activities (also, having previously observed that the company suffered from a limited revenue in recent years). This factor could further push towards the adoption of environmentally friendly transport modes (e.g., electric vehicles), which have been previously mentioned as an opportunity for leveraging in the logistics sector.

5. Conclusions

5.1. answer to the research questions, 5.2. scientific and practical implications, 5.3. suggestions for future research directions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Source	No. of Papers	Scimago Ranking
Sustainability (Switzerland)	10	Q1–Q2
International Journal of Logistics Management	6	Q1
Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing	5	Q2
Agricultural Systems	5	Q1
Benchmarking	4	Q1
International Journal of Production Research	3	Q1

Research Method	No. of Papers

ANOVA	2
Contingency analysis and frequency analysis	1
Cronbach’s alpha	1
Descriptive statistics	8
Econometric	1
Hypothesis test	5
Keyword analysis	1
Logistic regression—R software	1
Partial Least Square (PLS)	1
PLS-SEM	11
Random forest regression	1
Regression	3
SEM	9
Descriptive statistics, bias and common method variance test, multiple regression analysis and mediation test	1
Analysis with SPSS and Nvivo	1

Best Worst Method	1
Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)	1
DEMATEL—Maximum mean de-entropy (MMDE)	1
Fuzzy	10
ISM	1
ISM-Bayesian network (BN)	1
ISM-Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC)	1
Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM)	1
Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT)	1
Multi-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDM)	6
SWOT analysis	2
Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) + MICMAC analysis	1

Case study	7
Framework and case study	1
Product design changes (PDC)—domain modelling	1
Qualitative	5


ABC analysis	2
Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML)	1
Method of stochastic factor economic–mathematical analysis	1

Discrete Event Simulation (DES)	1
System dynamics approach	1
Multi-period simulation	1

Industrial Sector	No. of Papers
Logistics	13
Manufacturing	4
Food	4
Automotive	3
Agri-food	3

Industrial Sector	No. of Papers
Logistics	10
Food	7
Agri-food	6
Manufacturing	6
Healthcare	2
Electronic	2

Industrial Sector	No. of Papers
Logistics	9
Food	3
Agri-food	3
Manufacturing	2

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Share and Cite

Monferdini, L.; Bottani, E. Examining the Response to COVID-19 in Logistics and Supply Chain Processes: Insights from a State-of-the-Art Literature Review and Case Study Analysis. Appl. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 5317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125317

Monferdini L, Bottani E. Examining the Response to COVID-19 in Logistics and Supply Chain Processes: Insights from a State-of-the-Art Literature Review and Case Study Analysis. Applied Sciences . 2024; 14(12):5317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125317

Monferdini, Laura, and Eleonora Bottani. 2024. "Examining the Response to COVID-19 in Logistics and Supply Chain Processes: Insights from a State-of-the-Art Literature Review and Case Study Analysis" Applied Sciences 14, no. 12: 5317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125317

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Global Growth Is Stabilizing for the First Time in Three Years

But 80% of world population will experience slower growth than in pre-COVID decade

WASHINGTON, June 11, 2024 — The global economy is expected to stabilize for the first time in three years in 2024—but at a level that is weak by recent historical standards, according to the World Bank’s latest Global Economic Prospects report.

Global growth is projected to hold steady at 2.6% in 2024 before edging up to an average of 2.7% in 2025-26. That is well below the 3.1% average in the decade before COVID-19. The forecast implies that over the course of 2024-26 countries that collectively account for more than 80% of the world’s population and global GDP would still be growing more slowly than they did in the decade before COVID-19.

Overall, developing economies are projected to grow 4% on average over 2024-25, slightly slower than in 2023. Growth in low-income economies is expected to accelerate to 5% in 2024 from 3.8% in 2023. However, the forecasts for 2024 growth reflect downgrades in three out of every four low-income economies since January. In advanced economies, growth is set to remain steady at 1.5% in 2024 before rising to 1.7% in 2025.

“Four years after the upheavals caused by the pandemic, conflicts, inflation, and monetary tightening, it appears that global economic growth is steadying,” said Indermit Gill, the World Bank Group’s Chief Economist and Senior Vice President. “ However, growth is at lower levels than before 2020. Prospects for the world’s poorest economies are even more worrisome. They face punishing levels of debt service, constricting trade possibilities, and costly climate events. Developing economies will have to find ways to encourage private investment, reduce public debt, and improve education, health, and basic infrastructure. The poorest among them—especially the 75 countries eligible for concessional assistance from the International Development Association—will not be able to do this without international support.”

This year, one in four developing economies is expected to remain poorer than it was on the eve of the pandemic in 2019. This proportion is twice as high for countries in fragile- and conflict-affected situations. Moreover, the income gap between developing economies and advanced economies is set to widen in nearly half of developing economies over 2020-24 —the highest share since the 1990s. Per capita income in these economies—an important indicator of living standards—is expected to grow by 3.0% on average through 2026, well below the average of 3.8% in the decade before COVID-19.

Global inflation is expected to moderate to 3.5% in 2024 and 2.9% in 2025, but the pace of decline is slower than was projected just six months ago. Many central banks, as a result, are expected to remain cautious in lowering policy interest rates. Global interest rates are likely to remain high by the standards of recent decades—averaging about 4% over 2025-26, roughly double the 2000-19 average.

“Although food and energy prices have moderated across the world, core inflation remains relatively high—and could stay that way,” said Ayhan Kose, the World Bank’s Deputy Chief Economist and Director of the Prospects Group . “That could prompt central banks in major advanced economies to delay interest-rate cuts. An environment of ‘higher-for-longer’ rates would mean tighter global financial conditions and much weaker growth in developing economies.”

The latest Global Economic Prospects report also features two analytical chapters of topical importance. The first outlines how public investment can be used to accelerate private investment and promote economic growth. It finds that public investment growth in developing economies has halved since the global financial crisis, dropping to an annual average of 5% in the past decade. Yet public investment can be a powerful policy lever. For developing economies with ample fiscal space and efficient government spending practices, scaling up public investment by 1% of GDP can increase the level of output by up to 1.6% over the medium term.

The second analytical chapter explores why small states—those with a population of around 1.5 million or less—suffer chronic fiscal difficulties. Two-fifths of the 35 developing economies that are small states are at high risk of debt distress or already in it. That’s roughly twice the share for other developing economies. Comprehensive reforms are needed to address the fiscal challenges of small states. Revenues could be drawn from a more stable and secure tax base. Spending efficiency could be improved —especially in health, education, and infrastructure. Fiscal frameworks could be adopted to manage the higher frequency of natural disasters and other shocks. Targeted and coordinated global policies can also help put these countries on a more sustainable fiscal path.

Download the full report: https://bit.ly/GEP-June-2024-FullReport

Download growth data: https://bit.ly/GEP-June-2024-Data

Download charts: https://bit.ly/GEP-June-2024-Charts

Regional Outlooks:

East Asia and Pacific: Growth is expected to decelerate to 4.8% in 2024 and to 4.2% in 2025. For more, see regional overview.

Europe and Central Asia: Growth is expected to edge down to 3.0% in 2024 before moderating to 2.9% in 2025. For more, see regional overview .

Latin America and the Caribbean: Growth is expected to decline to 1.8% in 2024 before picking up to 2.7% in 2025. For more, see regional overview .

Middle East and North Africa: Growth is expected to pick up to 2.8% in 2024 and 4.2% in 2025. For more, see regional overview.

South Asia: Growth is expected to slow to 6.2% in 2024 and remain steady at 6.2% in 2025. For more, see regional overview.

Sub-Saharan Africa: Growth is expected to pick up to 3.5% in 2024 and to 3.9% in 2025. For more, see regional overview.

Website: www.worldbank.org/gep

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World Literature Research Paper Topics

World literature research paper topics are essential for students and scholars to understand the breadth and depth of the literary world across different cultures and time periods. This area of study encompasses a wide range of topics, from ancient literature to contemporary works, reflecting the interconnectedness of human experiences across the globe. Understanding world literature not only provides insights into the cultural and societal contexts of various regions, but it also reveals the common themes and motifs that unite us as humans. By exploring these topics, researchers contribute to a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the world’s literary heritage.

100 World Literature Research Paper Topics

Exploring the vast array of world literature research paper topics is pivotal for students and scholars to gain a comprehensive understanding of the diverse cultural, social, and philosophical narratives that have shaped the world. World literature serves as a reflection of the experiences, struggles, and aspirations of people from various civilizations to modern societies.

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The evolution of epic poetry in different ancient civilizations
Depictions of deities in ancient literature
The impact of ancient Egyptian literature on subsequent cultures
Themes of love and loss in ancient Greek texts
The significance of tragedy in ancient Roman literature
Portrayals of heroes and heroines in ancient literary works
Representations of war and peace in ancient literature
The role of mythology in shaping ancient literature
The depiction of women in ancient literary texts
The development of narrative forms in ancient literature

Medieval Literature

The significance of chivalry in medieval literature
The impact of Christianity on medieval texts
Representations of monarchs in medieval literature
Themes of honor and betrayal in medieval works
Depictions of the supernatural in medieval literature
The role of allegory in medieval texts
The influence of troubadours and minstrels on medieval literature
Portrayals of love and courtship in medieval works
The significance of pilgrimage in medieval literature
The impact of Arthurian legends on medieval literature

Renaissance Literature

The influence of humanism on Renaissance literature
Depictions of nature in Renaissance poetry
The role of women in Renaissance literature
Themes of love and beauty in Renaissance works
The impact of the Reformation on Renaissance literature
The development of drama during the Renaissance
Representations of politics and power in Renaissance literature
The significance of pastoral literature during the Renaissance
The role of classical antiquity in shaping Renaissance literature
The influence of Italian Renaissance literature on other European literatures

Enlightenment Literature

The role of reason and rationality in Enlightenment literature
Depictions of society and social norms in Enlightenment works
The impact of the scientific revolution on Enlightenment literature
Themes of freedom and liberty in Enlightenment literature
The role of satire in Enlightenment literature
Representations of monarchy and authority in Enlightenment works
The influence of the Enlightenment on the development of the novel
The significance of travel literature during the Enlightenment
The impact of the Enlightenment on women writers
The role of the Enlightenment in shaping modern philosophy

Romantic Literature

The role of nature in Romantic literature
Depictions of the individual in Romantic literature
The influence of the French Revolution on Romantic literature
Themes of love and passion in Romantic works
The role of the supernatural in Romantic literature
Representations of history and the past in Romantic literature
The influence of Romanticism on music and art
The significance of Gothic literature during the Romantic period
The impact of Romanticism on nationalist movements
The role of Romanticism in the development of modern poetry

19th-Century Literature

The impact of industrialization on 19th-century literature
Depictions of society and social change in 19th-century works
The role of realism in 19th-century literature
Themes of alienation and isolation in 19th-century literature
The significance of the Bildungsroman in 19th-century literature
Representations of women and gender in 19th-century literature
The influence of 19th-century literature on the development of the modern novel
The role of colonialism and imperialism in 19th-century literature
The impact of 19th-century literature on the development of modern psychology
The significance of 19th-century literature in shaping modern political thought

20th-Century Literature

The impact of world wars on 20th-century literature
Depictions of modernity and urban life in 20th-century works
The role of existentialism in 20th-century literature
Themes of disillusionment and despair in 20th-century literature
The significance of modernism in 20th-century literature
Representations of race and ethnicity in 20th-century literature
The influence of postcolonial literature in the 20th century
The role of postmodernism in 20th-century literature
The impact of the digital age on 20th-century literature
The significance of feminist literature in the 20th century

Contemporary Literature

The impact of globalization on contemporary literature
Depictions of multiculturalism and diversity in contemporary works
The role of technology in contemporary literature
Themes of identity and belonging in contemporary literature
The significance of posthumanism in contemporary literature
Representations of migration and displacement in contemporary literature
The influence of contemporary literature on popular culture
The role of fantasy and science fiction in contemporary literature
The impact of social media on contemporary literature
The significance of environmentalism in contemporary literature

Comparative Literature

The influence of one literary tradition on another
Comparative analysis of themes across different literary traditions
The role of translation in the spread of world literature
Comparative analysis of literary forms across different cultures
The significance of intertextuality in comparative literature
Comparative analysis of representations of gender in different literatures
The influence of religion on literature across different cultures
Comparative analysis of the role of mythology in different literatures
The impact of colonialism on literature across different regions
Comparative analysis of the role of history in different literatures

Literary Theory

The influence of postcolonial theory on the interpretation of world literature
The role of feminist theory in shaping contemporary world literature
The impact of psychoanalytic theory on the interpretation of world literature
The significance of structuralism and poststructuralism in world literature
The role of deconstruction in the analysis of world literature
The influence of reader-response theory on the interpretation of world literature
The impact of intertextuality on the understanding of world literature
The role of queer theory in the analysis of world literature
The influence of eco-criticism on the interpretation of world literature
The significance of cultural studies in shaping the understanding of world literature

Delving into world literature research paper topics is a crucial academic exercise and a journey into the collective human experiences across time and space. Analyzing the different aspects of world literature, from ancient to contemporary texts, provides a deeper understanding of the cultures, societies, and philosophies that have shaped our world. It also allows us to reflect on the common themes and motifs that connect us as humans, despite our diverse backgrounds. Therefore, researching world literature is a vital step towards fostering global understanding and empathy.

World Literature

And the range of research paper topics it offers.

World literature is an expansive term that encompasses the totality of literary works, both ancient and contemporary, from different regions, cultures, and languages around the globe. It includes not only the canonical texts of the Western tradition but also the often overlooked or marginalized works from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. The study of world literature allows for a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of the human experience, as it examines the various ways in which different cultures have engaged with similar themes, narratives, and literary forms. This richness and diversity of world literature make it a fertile ground for a wide range of research paper topics.

The study of world literature research paper topics involves the analysis of various epochs of literature. From ancient civilizations, where literature was often orally transmitted or written on clay tablets and papyrus scrolls, to the medieval period, characterized by the production of manuscripts and the emergence of vernacular languages, and then to the Renaissance, Enlightenment, and Romantic periods, which saw the development of the printing press and the rise of the novel, drama, and poetry. Each epoch presents its unique set of literary works, themes, styles, and authors that have contributed to the development of world literature.

Furthermore, world literature involves the exchange of themes and styles across cultures. A theme common in one culture’s literature can often be found, with variations, in another culture’s literature. For example, the theme of love, which is prevalent in Western literature, can also be found in Persian, Chinese, and African literatures, albeit with different nuances and interpretations. Similarly, the style of magical realism, which is often associated with Latin American literature, can be found in works from other regions, such as Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children or Yann Martel’s Life of Pi . This exchange of themes and styles not only enriches world literature but also provides a plethora of research paper topics that can be explored.

Translations and adaptations also play a crucial role in world literature. They make literary works accessible to a global audience and facilitate the exchange of ideas, themes, and narratives across cultures. However, translation is not a straightforward process. It involves not only the conversion of words from one language to another but also the adaptation of cultural references, idioms, and nuances. This often leads to debates about the fidelity and authenticity of translations, as well as discussions about the role of the translator as a mediator between cultures. Moreover, adaptations, whether they are film, theater, or other literary works, often involve a re-interpretation or re-imagination of the original text, which can lead to new meanings, themes, or perspectives. These issues make translations and adaptations a rich area for research paper topics in world literature.

In conclusion, the study of world literature offers a diverse range of research paper topics that can be explored by students and scholars alike. From the analysis of various epochs of literature to the exchange of themes and styles across cultures, and the role of translations and adaptations, world literature is a vast and rich field of study that provides a deeper understanding of the global literary landscape. Furthermore, delving into world literature research paper topics is not only an academic exercise but also a journey into the collective human experiences that have shaped, and continue to shape, our world.

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A smarter way to streamline drug discovery

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The use of AI to streamline drug discovery is exploding. Researchers are deploying machine-learning models to help them identify molecules, among billions of options, that might have the properties they are seeking to develop new medicines.

But there are so many variables to consider — from the price of materials to the risk of something going wrong — that even when scientists use AI, weighing the costs of synthesizing the best candidates is no easy task.

The myriad challenges involved in identifying the best and most cost-efficient molecules to test is one reason new medicines take so long to develop, as well as a key driver of high prescription drug prices.

To help scientists make cost-aware choices, MIT researchers developed an algorithmic framework to automatically identify optimal molecular candidates, which minimizes synthetic cost while maximizing the likelihood candidates have desired properties. The algorithm also identifies the materials and experimental steps needed to synthesize these molecules.

Their quantitative framework, known as Synthesis Planning and Rewards-based Route Optimization Workflow (SPARROW), considers the costs of synthesizing a batch of molecules at once, since multiple candidates can often be derived from some of the same chemical compounds.

Moreover, this unified approach captures key information on molecular design, property prediction, and synthesis planning from online repositories and widely used AI tools.

Beyond helping pharmaceutical companies discover new drugs more efficiently, SPARROW could be used in applications like the invention of new agrichemicals or the discovery of specialized materials for organic electronics.

“The selection of compounds is very much an art at the moment — and at times it is a very successful art. But because we have all these other models and predictive tools that give us information on how molecules might perform and how they might be synthesized, we can and should be using that information to guide the decisions we make,” says Connor Coley, the Class of 1957 Career Development Assistant Professor in the MIT departments of Chemical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and senior author of a paper on SPARROW.

Coley is joined on the paper by lead author Jenna Fromer SM ’24. The research appears today in Nature Computational Science .

Complex cost considerations

In a sense, whether a scientist should synthesize and test a certain molecule boils down to a question of the synthetic cost versus the value of the experiment. However, determining cost or value are tough problems on their own.

For instance, an experiment might require expensive materials or it could have a high risk of failure. On the value side, one might consider how useful it would be to know the properties of this molecule or whether those predictions carry a high level of uncertainty.

At the same time, pharmaceutical companies increasingly use batch synthesis to improve efficiency. Instead of testing molecules one at a time, they use combinations of chemical building blocks to test multiple candidates at once. However, this means the chemical reactions must all require the same experimental conditions. This makes estimating cost and value even more challenging.

SPARROW tackles this challenge by considering the shared intermediary compounds involved in synthesizing molecules and incorporating that information into its cost-versus-value function.

“When you think about this optimization game of designing a batch of molecules, the cost of adding on a new structure depends on the molecules you have already chosen,” Coley says.

The framework also considers things like the costs of starting materials, the number of reactions that are involved in each synthetic route, and the likelihood those reactions will be successful on the first try.

To utilize SPARROW, a scientist provides a set of molecular compounds they are thinking of testing and a definition of the properties they are hoping to find.

From there, SPARROW collects information on the molecules and their synthetic pathways and then weighs the value of each one against the cost of synthesizing a batch of candidates. It automatically selects the best subset of candidates that meet the user’s criteria and finds the most cost-effective synthetic routes for those compounds.

“It does all this optimization in one step, so it can really capture all of these competing objectives simultaneously,” Fromer says.

A versatile framework

SPARROW is unique because it can incorporate molecular structures that have been hand-designed by humans, those that exist in virtual catalogs, or never-before-seen molecules that have been invented by generative AI models.

“We have all these different sources of ideas. Part of the appeal of SPARROW is that you can take all these ideas and put them on a level playing field,” Coley adds.

The researchers evaluated SPARROW by applying it in three case studies. The case studies, based on real-world problems faced by chemists, were designed to test SPARROW’s ability to find cost-efficient synthesis plans while working with a wide range of input molecules.

They found that SPARROW effectively captured the marginal costs of batch synthesis and identified common experimental steps and intermediate chemicals. In addition, it could scale up to handle hundreds of potential molecular candidates.

“In the machine-learning-for-chemistry community, there are so many models that work well for retrosynthesis or molecular property prediction, for example, but how do we actually use them? Our framework aims to bring out the value of this prior work. By creating SPARROW, hopefully we can guide other researchers to think about compound downselection using their own cost and utility functions,” Fromer says.

In the future, the researchers want to incorporate additional complexity into SPARROW. For instance, they’d like to enable the algorithm to consider that the value of testing one compound may not always be constant. They also want to include more elements of parallel chemistry in its cost-versus-value function.

“The work by Fromer and Coley better aligns algorithmic decision making to the practical realities of chemical synthesis. When existing computational design algorithms are used, the work of determining how to best synthesize the set of designs is left to the medicinal chemist, resulting in less optimal choices and extra work for the medicinal chemist,” says Patrick Riley, senior vice president of artificial intelligence at Relay Therapeutics, who was not involved with this research. “This paper shows a principled path to include consideration of joint synthesis, which I expect to result in higher quality and more accepted algorithmic designs.”

“Identifying which compounds to synthesize in a way that carefully balances time, cost, and the potential for making progress toward goals while providing useful new information is one of the most challenging tasks for drug discovery teams. The SPARROW approach from Fromer and Coley does this in an effective and automated way, providing a useful tool for human medicinal chemistry teams and taking important steps toward fully autonomous approaches to drug discovery,” adds John Chodera, a computational chemist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who was not involved with this work.

This research was supported, in part, by the DARPA Accelerated Molecular Discovery Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation.

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A smarter way to develop new drugs

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A smarter way to streamline drug discovery
Coley is joined on the paper by lead author Jenna Fromer SM '24. The research appears today in Nature Computational Science. Complex cost considerations. In a sense, whether a scientist should synthesize and test a certain molecule boils down to a question of the synthetic cost versus the value of the experiment.

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