what cover letter format is most prevalent

How to Write a Cover Letter [Full Guide & Examples for 2024]

After weeks of heavy job searching, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume.

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send in your application and call it a day, you remember that you need to write a cover letter too.

So now, you’re stuck staring at a blank page, wondering where to start...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

We're going to cover:

What Is a Cover Letter?

• How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter, Step by Step
• 15+ Job-Winning Cover Letter Examples

Let’s get started.

A cover letter is a document that you submit as part of your job application, alongside your resume or CV.

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, it should be around 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter is supposed to impress the hiring manager and convince them you’re worth interviewing as a candidate.

So, how can your cover letter achieve this?

First of all, it should complement your resume, not copy it. Your cover letter is your chance to elaborate on important achievements, skills, or anything else that your resume doesn’t give you the space to cover. 

For example, if you have an employment gap on your resume, the cover letter is a great place to explain why it happened and how it helped you grow as a person. 

If this is your first time writing a cover letter, writing about yourself might seem complicated. But don’t worry—you don’t need to be super creative or even a good writer .

All you have to do is follow this tried and tested cover letter structure:

• Header. Add all the necessary contact information at the top of your cover letter.
• Formal greeting. Choose an appropriate way to greet your target audience.
• Introduction. Introduce yourself in the opening paragraph and explain your interest in the role.
• Body. Elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job and a good match for the company. Focus on “selling” your skills, achievements, and relevant professional experiences.
• Conclusion. Summarize your key points and wrap it up professionally.

Now, let’s take a look at an example of a cover letter that follows our structure perfectly:

New to cover letter writing? Give our cover letter video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Write a Cover Letter?

You should always include a cover letter in your job application, even if the hiring manager never reads it. Submitting a cover letter is as important as submitting a resume if you want to look like a serious candidate.

If the employer requests a cover letter as part of the screening process, not sending one is a huge red flag and will probably get your application tossed into the “no” pile immediately.

On the other hand, if the job advertisement doesn’t require a cover letter from the candidates, adding one shows you went the extra mile.

Putting in the effort to write a cover letter can set you apart from other candidates with similar professional experience and skills, and it could even sway the hiring manager to call you for an interview if you do it right.

Need to write a letter to help get you into a good school or volunteer program? Check out our guide to learn how to write a motivation letter !

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter

Now that you know what a cover letter is, it’s time to learn how to write one!

We’ll go through the process in detail, step by step.

#1. Choose the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, stylish template?

Just choose one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in no time!

As a bonus, our intuitive AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter as you write it. You’ll have the perfect cover letter done in minutes!

#2. Put Contact Information in the Header

As with a resume, it’s important to 

start your cover letter

 with your contact details at the top. These should be in your cover letter’s header, separated neatly from the bulk of your text.

Here, you want to include all the essential contact information , including:

• Full Name. Your first and last name should stand out at the top.
• Job Title. Match the professional title underneath your name to the exact job title of the position you’re applying for. Hiring managers often hire for several roles at once, so giving them this cue about what role you’re after helps things go smoother.
• Email Address. Always use a professional and easy-to-spell email address. Ideally, it should combine your first and last names.
• Phone Number. Add a number where the hiring manager can easily reach you.
• Location. Add your city and state/country, no need for more details.
• Relevant Links (optional). You can add links to websites or social media profiles that are relevant to your field. Examples include a LinkedIn profile , Github, or an online portfolio.

Then it’s time to add the recipient’s contact details, such as:

• Hiring Manager's Name. If you can find the name of the hiring manager, add it.
• Hiring Manager's Title. While there’s no harm in writing “hiring manager,” if they’re the head of the department, we recommend you use that title accordingly.
• Company Name. Make sure to write the name of the company you're applying to.
• Location. The city and state/country are usually enough information here, too.
• Date of Writing (Optional). You can include the date you wrote your cover letter for an extra professional touch.

#3. Address the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed all the contact information, it’s time to start writing the content of the cover letter.

The first thing you need to do here is to address your cover letter directly to the hiring manager.

In fact, you want to address the hiring manager personally .

Forget the old “Dear Sir or Madam” or the impersonal “To Whom It May Concern.” You want to give your future boss a good impression and show them that you did your research before sending in your application.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes something sticks with their generic approach

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager?

First, check the job ad. The hiring manager’s name might be listed somewhere in it.

If that doesn’t work, check the company’s LinkedIn page. You just need to look up the head of the relevant department you’re applying to, and you’re all set.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of Communication Specialist at Novorésumé. The hiring manager is probably the Head of Communications or the Chief Communications Officer.

Here’s what you should look for on LinkedIn:

And there you go! You have your hiring manager.

But let’s say you’re applying for a position as a server . In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager” or “food and beverage manager.”

If the results don’t come up with anything, try checking out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Make sure to address them as Mr. or Ms., followed by their last name. If you’re not sure about their gender or marital status, you can just stick to their full name, like so:

• Dear Mr. Kurtuy,
• Dear Andrei Kurtuy,

But what if you still can’t find the hiring manager’s name, no matter where you look?

No worries. You can direct your cover letter to the company, department, or team as a whole, or just skip the hiring manager’s name.

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department] Team
• Dear [Company Name]

Are you applying for a research position? Learn how to write an academic personal statement .

#4. Write an Eye-Catching Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Hiring managers get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph.

The biggest problem with most opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Here’s an example:

• My name is Jonathan, and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a Sales Manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

And do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start with some of your top achievements to grab the reader’s attention. And to get the point across, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

Your opening paragraph should also show the hiring manager a bit about why you want this specific job. For example, mention how the job relates to your plans for the future or how it can help you grow professionally. This will show the hiring manager that you’re not just applying left and right—you’re actually enthusiastic about getting this particular role.

Now, let’s make our previous example shine:

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name’s Michael, and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed its sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked as a Sales Representative with Company X, another fin-tech company , for 3+ years, where I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month and beat the KPIs by around 40%. I believe that my previous industry experience, passion for finance , and excellence in sales make me the right candidate for the job.

The second candidate starts with what they can do for the company in the future and immediately lists an impressive and relevant achievement. Since they’re experienced in the same industry and interested in finance, the hiring manager can see they’re not just a random applicant.

From this introduction, it’s safe to say that the hiring manager would read the rest of this candidate’s cover letter.

#5. Use the Cover Letter Body for Details

The next part of your cover letter is where you can go into detail about what sets you apart as a qualified candidate for the job.

The main thing you need to remember here is that you shouldn’t make it all about yourself . Your cover letter is supposed to show the hiring manager how you relate to the job and the company you’re applying to.

No matter how cool you make yourself sound in your cover letter, if you don’t tailor it to match what the hiring manager is looking for, you’re not getting an interview.

To get this right, use the job ad as a reference when writing your cover letter. Make sure to highlight skills and achievements that match the job requirements, and you’re good to go.

Since this part of your cover letter is by far the longest, you should split it into at least two paragraphs.

Here’s what each paragraph should cover:

Explain Why You’re the Perfect Candidate for the Role

Before you can show the hiring manager that you’re exactly what they’ve been looking for, you need to know what it is they’re looking for.

Start by doing a bit of research. Learn what the most important skills and responsibilities of the role are according to the job ad, and focus on any relevant experience you have that matches them.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. The top requirements on the job ad are:

• Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
• Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
• Excellent copywriting skills

So, in the body of your cover letter, you need to show how you meet these requirements. Here’s an example of what that can look like:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $40,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation and management process end-to-end. I created the ad copy and images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

• Google Search

Our example addresses all the necessary requirements and shows off the candidate’s relevant skills.

Are you a student applying for your first internship? Learn how to write an internship cover letter with our dedicated guide.

Explain Why You’re a Good Fit for the Company

As skilled and experienced as you may be, that’s not all the hiring manager is looking for.

They also want someone who’s a good fit for their company and who actually wants to work there.

Employees who don’t fit in with the company culture are likely to quit sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary , so hiring managers vet candidates very carefully to avoid this scenario.

So, you have to convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about working with them.

Start by doing some research about the company. You want to know things like:

• What’s the company’s business model?
• What’s the company’s product or service? Have you used it?
• What’s the company’s culture like?

Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or on job-search websites like Jobscan or Glassdoor.

Then, pick your favorite thing about the company and talk about it in your cover letter.

But don’t just describe the company in its own words just to flatter them. Be super specific—the hiring manager can see through any fluff.

For example, if you’re passionate about their product and you like the company’s culture of innovation and independent work model, you can write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features, such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2, were real game changers for the device.

I really admire how Company XYZ strives for excellence in all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone who thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I’ll be a great match for your Product Design team.

So, make sure to do your fair share of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying to that specific company.

Is the company you want to work for not hiring at the moment? Check out our guide to writing a letter of interest .

#6. Wrap It Up and Sign It

Finally, it’s time to conclude your cover letter.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

• Wrap up any points you couldn't make in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? If there’s any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision, mention it here. If not, just recap your key selling points so far, such as key skills and expertise.
• Express gratitude. Politely thanking the hiring manager for their time is always a good idea.
• Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. This means you should ask the hiring manager to do something, like call you and discuss your application or arrange an interview.
• Remember to sign your cover letter. Just add a formal closing line and sign your name at the bottom.

Here’s an example of how to end your cover letter :

I hope to help Company X make the most of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your Facebook marketing goals. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at the provided email address or phone number so that we may arrange an interview.

Thank you for your consideration,

Alice Richards

Feel free to use one of these other popular closing lines for your cover letter:

• Best Regards,
• Kind Regards,

Cover Letter Writing Checklist

Once you’re done with your cover letter, it’s time to check if it meets all industry requirements. 

Give our handy cover letter writing checklist a look to make sure:

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

• Professional Email
• Phone Number
• Relevant Links

Do you address the right person? 

• The hiring manager in the company
• Your future direct supervisor
• The company/department in general

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

• Did you mention some of your top achievements?
• Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?
• Did you convey enthusiasm for the specific role?

Do you show that you’re the right candidate for the job?

• Did you identify the core requirements for the role?
• Did you show how your experiences helped you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

• Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
• Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you conclude your cover letter properly?

• Did you recap your key selling points in the conclusion?
• Did you end your cover letter with a call to action?
• Did you use the right formal closing line and sign your name?

15 Cover Letter Tips

Now you’re all set to write your cover letter! 

Before you start typing, here are some cover letter tips to help take your cover letter to the next level:

• Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Job. Make sure your cover letter is tailored to the job you're applying for. This shows you're not just sending generic applications left and right, and it tells the hiring manager you’re the right person for the job.
• Showcase Your Skills. Talk about how your skills meet the company’s needs. And while your hard skills should be front and center, you shouldn’t underestimate your soft skills in your cover letter either.
• Avoid Fluff. Don’t make any generic statements you can’t back up. The hiring manager can tell when you’re just throwing words around, and it doesn’t make your cover letter look good.
• Use Specific Examples. Instead of saying you're great at something, give an actual example to back up your claim. Any data you can provide makes you sound more credible, so quantify your achievements. For example, give numbers such as percentages related to your performance and the timeframe it took to accomplish certain achievements.
• Research the Company. Always take time to learn about the company you're applying to. Make sure to mention something about them in your cover letter to show the hiring manager that you're interested.
• Follow the Application Instructions. If the job posting asks for something specific in your cover letter or requires a certain format, make sure you include it. Not following instructions can come off as unattentive or signal to the hiring manager that you’re not taking the job seriously.
• Use the Right Template and Format. Choose the right cover letter format and adapt your cover letter’s look to the industry you’re applying for. For example, if you’re aiming for a job in Law or Finance, you should go for a cleaner, more professional look. But if you’re applying for a field that values innovation, like IT or Design, you have more room for creativity.
• Express Your Enthusiasm. Let the hiring manager know why you're excited about the job. Your passion for the specific role or the field in general can be a big selling point, and show them that you’re genuinely interested, not just applying left and right.
• Address Any Gaps. If there are any employment gaps in your resume , your cover letter is a great place to mention why. Your resume doesn’t give you enough space to elaborate on an employment gap, so addressing it here can set hiring managers at ease—life happens, and employers understand.
• Avoid Quirky Emails. Your email address should be presentable. It’s hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Just use a [email protected] format.
• Check Your Contact Information. Typos in your email address or phone number can mean a missed opportunity. Double-check these before sending your application.
• Mention if You Want to Relocate. If you’re looking for a job that lets you move somewhere else, specify this in your cover letter.
• Keep It Brief. You want to keep your cover letter short and sweet. Hiring managers don’t have time to read a novel, so if you go over one page, they simply won’t read it at all.
• Use a Professional Tone. Even though a conversational tone isn’t a bad thing, remember that it's still a formal document. Show professionalism in your cover letter by keeping slang, jargon, and emojis out of it.
• Proofread Carefully. Typos and grammar mistakes are a huge deal-breaker. Use a tool like Grammarly or QuillBot to double-check your spelling and grammar, or even get a friend to check it for you.

15+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Check out some perfect cover letter examples for different experience levels and various professions.

5+ Cover Letter Examples by Experience

#1. college student cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#2. Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#3. Team Leader Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#4. Career Change Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to a career change resume and cover letter here.

#5. Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an executive resume here.

9+ Cover Letter Examples by Profession

#1. it cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#2. Consultant Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#3. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#4. Business Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#5. Sales Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#6. Social Worker Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a social worker cover letter here.

#7. Lawyer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a lawyer cover letter here.

#8. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#9. Engineering Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineer cover letter here.

#10. Receptionist Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

Need more inspiration? Check out these cover letter examples to learn what makes them stand out.

Plug & Play Cover Letter Template

Not sure how to start your cover letter? Don’t worry!

Just copy and paste our free cover letter template into the cover letter builder, and swap out the blanks for your details.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Profession]

[Your Phone Number]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Location]

[Your LinkedIn Profile URL (optional)]

[Your Personal Website URL (optional)]

[Recipient's Name, e.g., Jane Doe],

[Recipient's Position, e.g., Hiring Manager]

[Company Name, e.g., ABC Corporation]

[Company Address]

[City, State/Country]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

As a seasoned [Your Profession] with [Number of Years of Experience] years of industry experience, I am eager to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. With my experience in [Your Industry/Sector] and the successes I've achieved throughout my education and career, I believe I can bring unique value and creativity to your team.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I've taken the lead on more than [Number of Projects/Assignments] projects, some valued up to $[Highest Project Value]. I pride myself on consistently exceeding client expectations and have successfully [Mention a Key Achievement] in just a [Amount of Time] through [Skill] and [Skill].

I've collaborated with various professionals, such as [List Roles], ensuring that all [projects/tasks] meet [relevant standards or objectives]. This hands-on experience, coupled with my dedication to understanding each [client's/customer's] vision, has equipped me to navigate and deliver on complex projects.

My key strengths include:

• Improving [Achievement] by [%] over [Amount of Time] which resulted in [Quantified Result].
• Optimizing [Work Process/Responsibility] which saved [Previous Employer] [Amount of Time/Budget/Other Metric] over [Weeks/Months/Years]
• Spearheading team of [Number of People] to [Task] and achieving [Quantified Result].

Alongside this letter, I've attached my resume. My educational background, a [Your Degree] with a concentration in [Your Specialization], complements the practical skills that I'm particularly eager to share with [Company Name].

I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [Something Notable About the Company or Its Mission]. I'd be grateful for the chance to delve deeper into how my expertise aligns with your needs.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

The Heart of Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application falls through.

After all, your cover letter is meant to complement your resume. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression in your cover letter, only for the hiring manager to never read it because your resume was mediocre.

But don’t worry; we’ve got you covered here, too.

Check out our dedicated guide on how to make a resume and learn everything you need to know to land your dream job!

Just pick one of our resume templates and start writing your own job-winning resume.

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

• A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for the job.
• Your job application should always include a cover letter alongside your resume.
• To grab the hiring manager’s attention, write a strong opening paragraph. Mention who you are, why you’re applying, and a standout achievement to pique their interest.
• Your cover letter should focus on why you’re the perfect candidate for the job and why you’re passionate about working in this specific company.
• Use the body of your cover letter to provide details on your skills, achievements, and qualifications, as well as make sure to convey your enthusiasm throughout your whole cover letter.
• Recap your key selling points towards the end of your cover letter, and end it with a formal closing line and your full name signed underneath.

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve every step of the way! 

Follow our career blog for more valuable advice, or check out some of our top guides, such as:

• How to Make a Resume in 2024 | Beginner's Guide
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 [31+ Examples]
• 35+ Job Interview Questions and Answers [Full List]

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What is the format for a cover letter?

Cover letters are an essential part of your job application as it allows you to provide a deeper insight into your career trajectory to the recruiters.

It allows you to showcase how your skills and experiences are aligned with the recruiters’ requirements, thereby increasing your chances of getting shortlisted.

Surveys show that 83% of recruiters agree that a well-written cover letter can influence their hiring decision and keep a candidate in the running for the position.

However, to ensure that the recruiters read your cover letter, it has to appeal to them at first glance.

Your cover letter format needs to be on point and has to make your letter look professional and crisp.

Read on to learn more about cover letter format and related FAQs like the following:

• When should you write a cover letter?
• What is a cover letter format for job application?
• How to format a cover letter?
• How to structure a cover letter?
• How to structure an email cover letter format?
• What are some great tips to help with a cover letter format?

When to Write a Cover Letter?

As stated earlier, cover letters can play a vital role in determining your chances of getting shortlisted for a job.

Thus, the only time you must skip sending a cover letter is when the recruiters have specified the same in the job listing.

If you are switching careers or have career gaps and layoffs in your professional history, cover letters also allow you to explain the same.

Unless you don’t have an intention to stand out to the employers by putting in the extra effort of writing a thoughtful cover letter, you can skip writing a cover letter and be one of the average candidates.

Also read: What are the factors you must consider before choosing a cover letter design?

What is a cover letter format?

• A cover letter format refers to the structural and visual elements of your cover letter.

An incorrect cover letter format will impact the readability & appeal of your letter while increasing the chances of it ending up in the trash can.

For instance, if you write lengthy paragraphs and choose a cover letter format with a font style that has special characters, the recruiters will not bother reading it.

With that being said, given below are the elements of a cover letter format:

• Margins and spacing
• Font size and style

Also read: How do I write a simple cover letter?

Cover Letter Format for Job Application

The optimum length of a cover letter must never exceed more than a page and must be between 200-300 words.

Additionally, given below are some guidelines that you must follow for a cover letter format that looks professional:

Margin and Spacing

Your cover letter format must have a 1” margin on all sides to maintain uniformity and give your letter a clean look.

And do not shy away from white spaces, as it will enhance the readability of your cover letter. Use 1 or 1.5 line spacing which is the standard business letter format spacing.

Also, leave a single space between the address, salutation, and paragraphs in your cover letter.

Font Size and Style

The most common font size used by candidates in a cover letter is 12 points.

However, your cover letter format can have font sizes ranging from 10-12 points, depending on the font you choose.

Going below or above the suggested font size can either make your letter difficult to read or make the contents exceed a single page.

Also, choose a professional cover letter font style like Calibri, Helvetica, Cambria, and Times New Roman that doesn’t have special characters or look unprofessional.

Also read: How to choose a cover letter font?

Template and File Format

Your cover letter format template must be minimal and simple. Its design should not have loud or bold colors that can distract the recruiters from the content of your letter.

Besides, a colorful and fancy design will make your cover letter look childish and unprofessional.

Choose a cover letter template that has a simple design and ensure that you save your letter in a PDF format rather than a docx. format so that your cover letter format remains intact.

Also read: How to write an email cover letter in 2022?

Cover Letter Structure

The structure of your cover letter format refers to the different sections that you must create in your letter.

A proper cover letter structure gives your letter a polished look and will enhance its readability.

Here’s the breakdown of a cover letter format and its structure:

Cover Letter Header

Similar to your resume, the following details make up the header of your cover letter:

• Your full name
• Profile title
• A reachable phone number
• A professional email address
• Your current location (city & state)
• A link to your LinkedIn profile or an online portfolio

Providing personal details in the header of your cover letter makes it easy for the recruiters to contact you. They won’t have to look at your resume or wonder who is the writer of the cover letter.

Also read: What are the dos and don'ts of a cover letter heading?

Date, Address and Salutation

Right after the header, mention the current date, followed by the personalized address and salutation.

Ensure to leave a single space between each of the said details.

You must address your cover letter with the hiring manager’s name to grab the recruiters’ attention and increase the chances of them reading your cover letter.

And instead of a generic salutation like to whom it may concern, greet the hiring manager with their last name.

For instance, if the hiring manager’s name is Bella Swan, personalize your cover letter salutation by writing Dear Ms. Swan.

Cover Letter Body

The cover letter format of your letter’s body must be divided into three paragraphs.

Each paragraph must contain not more than 3-4 lines or sentences.

The first paragraph must serve as a catchy introduction that hooks the recruiter and entices them to read your letter in its entirety.

The second paragraph must highlight your most notable accomplishments in terms of the job description while aligning your skills with their requirements.

And lastly, in the third paragraph, you must tell the recruiters why you want to work for them and how you can contribute to the company.

Call To Action

To wrap up, close your cover letter with a strong call to action.

Instead of writing thank you for your time or any other generic closing line, urge the recruiters to give you a callback.

Your call to action must be limited to a single line.

Ending Salutation

To sign off your cover letter, end it with an appropriate salutation.

You can use any of the following ending salutations:

• Respectfully

And avoid using causal greetings such as cheers, thanks a ton, or yours truly.

Also read: How long should a cover letter be?

Cover Letter Email Format

The fundamental guidelines for formating an email cover letter remains the same as that of a paper cover letter.

However, there are a few points of differences in the format between the two.

For instance, paper cover letters require you to provide a header with your contact information and recruiter's address while you can skip mentioning these details in your cover letter email.

But, you must write a simple subject line for your cover letter email which is not required in paper cover letters.

Also, recruiters are more likely to read your cover letter before your resume if you've send through an email and vice versa.

As for the body of your cover letter email, ensure to keep it concise and crisp with 2-3 paragraphs at the most.

Cover Letter Format Tips

To help you format your cover letter to its perfection, listed below are some tips that you can follow:

• Ensure that your cover letter is not longer than a page and avoid fluff. Keep it concise and crisp.
• Proofread your cover letter to ensure that it doesn't have any spelling or grammatical mistakes. You can run your cover letter through apps like Grammarly to catch minor mistakes.
• When personalizing your cover letter salutation, if the hiring manager is a female, avoid writing Mrs. or Miss. Simply write Ms. . If they have a professional title like Dr. or Prof. , use those instead.
• Ensure that you get the hiring manager's name right. If you have any doubt, it's better to avoid writing the name all together.
• Just like how you'd include keywords from the job listing to your resume, do the same in your cover letter.
• Avoid bad-mouthing your past employers and mentioning salary requirements in your cover letter.
• Research the type of fonts and colors used on the company's official website and social media pages to match them in your cover letter.
• Attach a headshot of yourself to your resume only if the recruiters have specifically asked for it in the listing.

Also read: What is the best cover letter format template that you can use in 2022?

Concluding Points

• An incorrect cover letter format will impact the readability & appeal of your letter to the recruiters.
• The optimum length of a cover letter must never exceed a page and must be between 200-300 words .
• Your cover letter format must have 1” margin on all sides to maintain uniformity and must have single spacing between paragraphs.
• Depending on the font style, your cover letter format can have font sizes ranging between 10-12 points .
• The cover letter format template should not have loud or bold colors that can distract the recruiters from the content of your letter.
• To ensure that your cover letter format remains intact, save your letter in a PDF format .
• Your cover letter format must have clear sections such as the header, address, salutation, body, and signature.

If you want a professional cover letter format and template, use Hiration’s Cover Letter Builder which will also help you write a compelling cover letter. You can also send us your queries at [email protected] .

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How To Write a Cover Letter: The Ultimate Guide

You have crafted a compelling resume, updated your LinkedIn profile, and even short-listed promising open positions. The only thing left to do is write your cover letters. And for many people, this task proves to be unexpectedly challenging. A lot of questions arise. How do I address these letters? How long should they be? What should I write? And do I still need cover letters in 2022? 

We have created this ultimate guide to answer all your questions and give step-by-step instructions on writing a good cover letter. This guide will teach you:

• How to format your cover letter
• What types of cover letters exist
• When do you need a cover letter even if an employer does not explicitly ask for one
• How to address and end a cover letter
• Common mistakes to avoid

We have also added cover letter examples and tips for making your documents even better.  

Let's get started! 

What Is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a document you send with your resume. In this letter, you express your interest in a job opening, provide some context for your skills and experiences, and explain any parts of your resume that may be confusing or concerning for a potential employer. 

Some people believe writing cover letters is a waste of time and that recruiters rarely read them. Others argue that employers still value these documents for insight into a candidate's personality and motivations. And although there is some truth to the first point, studies show that cover letters are still well worth writing. 

For example, ResumeGo surveyed 236 hiring professionals to determine if cover letters impact their decision-making process. Here are some results:

• 87% of recruiters said that they do indeed read cover letters 
• 81% answered that they value letters written for a particular company and position more than generic ones
• 65% stated that cover letters significantly influence their hiring decisions

So, yes, your cover letter probably will be read. And yes, it better be good because it can be the reason you get an interview!

There are only two situations where you can skip cover letter writing. The first is if an employer explicitly states in their job ad that you should not include a cover letter. The second is if you are applying through an online form and there is no option to submit a cover letter. Otherwise, invest some time introducing yourself to a potential employer and showcasing why you will be a valuable asset to their company. 

And again, your cover letter is the best place to add important information that does not belong on your resume. You can use a cover letter to explain employment gaps, mention that you are willing to relocate, describe why you are changing careers, or address any other concerns a hiring manager might have. You can also use a cover letter to ask a company if there is an open position that suits your qualifications, request help in the job search process from people in your network, or mention a person who referred you for a job. 

Now, let's take a closer look at different types of cover letters. 

Types of Cover Letters

There are three main types of cover letters: 

• Application cover letters are the most common type. These are sent together with resumes to apply for a particular job opening. 
• Referral cover letters indicate a mutual contact you share with a recruiter. It might be an industry expert or an employee at the company where you are applying. Such letters are a powerful tool as hiring managers are likely to look closely at referred candidates.    
• Prospecting cover letters or letters of interest, on the other hand, are not written for a specific position. People send these letters to companies where they would like to work. Prospecting cover letters ask if there are any unpublished openings where your qualifications and skills would be helpful. 
• Networking cover letters are not sent to companies but instead to people in your network. These letters inform your former colleagues, alumni, or friends that you are looking for a new job and ask them if they know of any suitable opportunities. 

In this guide, we will be focusing on application cover letters . However, you can also apply most of our recommendations to other types of cover letters. 

Before we dive deeper into what you should include in your cover letters, let's take a moment to discuss how your letters should look.

Cover Letter Format

The right format and proper structure are as important for your cover letter as its content. You need to make sure that your document is concise, clear, and easy to read. Luckily, this goal is not too difficult to achieve. Just follow these simple tips:

• Font: Use a standard font size (11 or 12-point) and stick with basic styles like Arial, Verdana, Times New Roman or Calibri.
• Spacing: Leave space between each section so your document does not look cluttered. 
• Length: Keep it short. Recruiters have no time to read lengthy cover letters. Try to keep your letters around 200–400 words.
• File format: If the job ad includes instructions regarding the file format, follow them. Some companies prefer Word or PDF attachments. Others favor cover letters in the body of your email. 
• File name or email subject line: Choose a straightforward and informative file name. You can use this template: Cover Letter - . You can follow the same format for your email subject line. 

As to structure, you can follow this simple formula:

• Heading 
• Opening paragraph
• Middle paragraph
• Final paragraph

We will look closer at what to include in each of these parts in the next section. 

How To Write a Cover Letter In 6 Steps

Before spending time on the content of your cover letter, take a moment to think about people who will read it. The goal of hiring managers is to close an open job as soon as possible with the most suitable candidate. Regardless of the position, hiring managers need to find a person who meets two main criteria:

• Has the necessary skill to do the job
• Is likely to stay with the organization for several years. 

A perfect cover letter will demonstrate that you are qualified for the job and that you are excited to join the company. 

With this thought in mind, let's see how to craft a cover letter in 6 simple steps. 

Step 1. Start with a professional header

Your header should include your contact information, the date of application, and the recipient's contact information. You can also include links to your personal website, LinkedIn profile, or online portfolio. For example:

Amanda Smith

Sales Engineer

[email protected]

(617) 123-4567

www.linkedin.com/in/amanda_smith

February 25, 2022

Human Resources Manager 

AAA Company Inc.

123 Some Avenue

Make sure you are using a professional-looking email address. It can be a combination of your first and last names. And remember that it is inadvisable to send resumes or cover letters from your work email. 

Step 2. Open your letter with an appropriate salutation 

Ideally, you should address your letter to a specific person to establish a connection and signal that you tailored your letter to this particular role. If you know the hiring manager's name, start with a greeting like "Dear Mr. Brown," if the company is more traditional, or "Dear John," if you know for sure that the company's culture is more casual. If you have trouble determining the hiring manager's gender, the safest option is to use "Dear" followed by the hiring manager's full name. For example, Dear Aryan Patel.    

What should you do if the ad does not include the recruiter's name? First, do some research using the company's website and LinkedIn page. If this still does not tell you who will read your application, choose one of these common ways to address your letter:

• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear Business Analyst Hiring Team
• Dear Some Company Team 
• Dear QA Team Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Team

It is best to avoid overly formal greetings like "To Whom It May Concern" or "Dear Sir and Madam," or very informal greetings such as "Hi, John."

Step 3. Introduce yourself in your opening paragraph

The first paragraph of your cover letter is a good place to mention which job position you are applying for and how you discovered it. This is because hiring managers may work with documents for different job openings simultaneously. It is perfectly valid to start with something simple like, "I am excited to apply for the Systems Engineer position at AAA Company I found on LinkedIn." Then, explain your interest in this particular organization and briefly state what makes you a good fit for the job:

As a longtime fan of your products, I would be thrilled to become part of your team. I firmly believe that my five years of experience in designing and implementing efficient and secure computer systems will be a valuable addition to AAA Company. 

In the first two or three sentences, you need to give recruiters a reason to read further. Show them that your candidacy answers both requirements we discussed earlier: you are qualified for the position and likely to stay with a company for a long time. 

Step 4. Explain why you are a perfect candidate in the middle section

In the second paragraph, describe your most relevant experiences and achievements, and link them to the position you are applying for. Of course, there is no need to repeat the content of your resume. Instead, expand on the points in your work experience section. Give some examples, demonstrate the measurable impacts you made, or mention the professional praises you received. 

For example:

During my previous role at 123 Technologies, I evaluated work processes, developed business requirements, and created use cases and process models. One of my most significant accomplishments was implementing a new contract management system, which reduced the time needed to complete contract-related tasks by 25% and saved the company $350K yearly. Working on large and small projects, I often communicated with people from different departments. My colleagues praised my extraordinary ability to explain complex technical concepts to non-technical specialists while at the same time being able to discuss technical details with developers easily.

The best way to determine what to write in this section is to read the job description carefully and see what the employer wants in an applicant. Then choose two or three points that correlate with your previous experiences and emphasize those in your cover letter. 

Step 5. Wrap up by relating your experience to the company's needs 

In the closing paragraph, you can summarize skills that make you a perfect fit for the role, restate that you are excited about this opportunity, and thank hiring managers for their time. It is also important to politely ask them to invite you to an interview. You do not want to come off as needy, though. The final sentences of your cover letter should sound confident and focus on what you can bring to the table instead of what you want to get from the job. 

I will be honored to bring my ability to notice opportunities where others might see only obstacles and my passion for improving processes until everything works like a well-oiled machine to AAA company. I look forward to sharing more details of my qualifications with you during the interview. Thank you for your time and consideration.   

The last paragraph is also an excellent place to answer any potential concerns proactively. For example, if you currently live in San Francisco but are applying to a company in Atlanta, mention that you are relocating next month. 

Step 6. End with professional signoff

The last thing to do is complete your letter with a formal closing. The most common sign-offs include:

• Sincerely,  

Best regards,

• Respectfully,
• Kind regards,
• With best regards, 

Then just add your full name, and your cover letter is ready to send!

Professional Cover Letter Examples 

Now that you know what each section of your cover letter should include, let's take a look at two examples. The first is a cover letter from an experienced data analyst. The second is a recent graduate applying for an IT technician role. 

Mid-career cover letter sample: 

David Smith

Data Analyst

www.linkedin.com/in/david_smith

AAA Technologies Inc.

Dear Mr. Brown, 

I am excited to apply for the Data Analyst position at AAA Technologies I found on Indeed. As a long-term admirer of AAA products, I will be honored to help the company base decisions on data. I firmly believe that my 7+ years of experience translating complex sets of numbers into meaningful insights and actionable recommendations would be a valuable addition to your team.    

In my previous job at BBB Industries, I supported our marketing and sales teams with market reports and ad hoc data analysis. My most significant achievements include implementing a new approach to revenue forecasting reports that brought 35% higher accuracy and developing reporting dashboards that reduce the time needed to process data by 40%. 

What I like the most about the data analyst job is the opportunity to explore relationships between numbers and turn them into stories that allow businesses to make better decisions. And I will be thrilled to help your teams identify key data patterns and translate them into valuable insights. 

I appreciate you taking the time to read my letter and look forward to learning more about this opportunity. I would be happy to discuss how my experience and skills can help AAA Technologies reach its business goals.

David Smith  

Entry-level career cover letter sample: 

IT Technician

Dear Mr. Davis, 

I am excited to apply for the entry-level IT technician position at AAA Company advertised on Indeed. I am confident that the practical knowledge I gained during my internships and my excellent university results make me a good candidate for the job.

During my time at Northwestern University, I completed two internships at 123 Industries. In my role, I was responsible for documenting help desk tickets, installing equipment and peripherals, creating accounts for new employees, and troubleshooting various technical issues. I am proud to have helped our department improve ticket response time by 14%.

I won the Dean's Award for achieving exceptional academic results at the university. The trainings I completed have given me a solid foundation in the tools and methodologies involved in managing IT systems. I would be thrilled to bring my knowledge and skills to the IT technician role at AAA Company. 

Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. I look forward to learning more about the position and discussing my qualifications during the interview. 

Final Cover Letter Tips 

By now, you should be confident about writing a compelling cover letter. However, let's add a few more tips to keep in mind.

Do not repeat what is in your resume

Remember that the goal of your cover letter is to highlight how your qualifications are relevant to the target company. Do not simply repeat bullet points from your resume. Pick a couple of skills and provide specific examples of how you demonstrated them. Did you make a business process more efficient? Did you train junior team members in using a certain tool? Did you lead a particularly complex project to successful completion? Write about it! And do not forget to add numbers and percentages to boost the credibility of your statements.   

Tailor your letter to a specific job

There is nothing wrong with preparing a template and recycling a few strong sentences from one letter to another. However, using the exact same document for different jobs is not the best idea. Recruiters can quickly identify when candidates use generic letters to apply for a position. To make a better first impression, take the time to customize your cover letter so that it reflects your interest in a specific company and showcases the most relevant experiences for a particular role. 

Do not focus on weaknesses 

Although your cover letter is a good place to briefly explain a career gap or mention reasons for changing careers, do so in a way that does not draw attention to your weaknesses. Avoid sentences like, "Despite my limited experience…" or "While I lack experience…." Do not focus on the skills or experience you are lacking. Instead, highlight what you bring to the table. Describe transferable skills and include examples of responsibilities relevant to a new role. 

Show your personality 

Of course, a cover letter should be professional. However, this does not mean that you must use overly formal language. Using sentences like "I wish to convey my sincere interest in..." can make you sound insincere. You should also avoid overused phrases such as "self-motivated go-getter" or "thinking outside of the box." Instead, be honest and straightforward, provide unique examples of your skills, or tell a story about how effective you were in a previous job.    

Keep it short 

A cover letter should introduce you to a potential employer and get hiring managers interested in you as a candidate. It should not describe your entire professional life in every possible detail. So, there is no need to write several pages. Keep it brief and straight to the point. The perfect length for a cover letter is between half a page and one page using a 12-point font.

Proofread your cover letter carefully  

Whether your target job requires writing skills or not, there should not be any errors or typos in your resume or cover letter. In a CareerBuilder study , 77% of hiring managers named bad grammar as a top reason for not offering job seekers an interview. So, it is crucial to proofread your documents carefully. It is always a good idea to ask a trusted friend or a family member to read over your resume and cover letters before submission. They may notice small mistakes you missed and can check that your letter is clear and easy to read. 

Follow the instructions 

Before sending your cover letter, take a moment to review the job ad again. Employers often provide specific instructions, such as submitting your documents in a particular format or including a job reference number in the email subject line. Make sure your job application fulfills all such requirements. Otherwise, your application might fall short even though your documents are well-written. 

Conclusion 

A cover letter that demonstrates you are both a qualified candidate and excited to join the company will help you stand out among applicants. Taking the time to craft a customized cover letter for each position is well worth your effort. Hopefully, our guide will make this task less challenging and time-consuming!

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Cover Letter Format: Layout & Format for Your Cover Letter

A cover letter is a written document that accompanies a resume or CV, and provides additional information on the applicant’s qualifications, experience, and interest in a specific role or company. Typically, a cover letter is one page long and is addressed to the hiring manager or recruiter.

Having an effective cover letter is important because it can increase the chances of an applicant being called for an interview. It is the first opportunity to make a good impression on the hiring manager and showcase why an applicant is the best fit for the position.

A well-written cover letter can differentiate an applicant from other candidates, highlight their strengths, and demonstrate a genuine interest in the company and the role. It can also provide context for any gaps in employment, explain a career change, or highlight relevant experience that may not be included in the resume.

In short, a cover letter is a crucial component of a job application, and a well-crafted one can make or break an applicant’s chances of moving forward in the hiring process. In the following sections, we will explore the best practices for formatting and structuring a cover letter to make it stand out and impress hiring managers.

Basic Elements of a Cover Letter

When it comes to writing a cover letter, there are certain basic elements that you need to include to make it effective. In this section, we’ll go over these elements one by one and discuss how to format them properly.

Heading and Contact Information

Your Cover Letter is a professional document, and thus, your contact information needs to be presented in a professional format. The header should include your name, address (or city/state), phone number, and email address, centered at the top of the page.

Make sure to include the date after your contact information. This should be aligned to the left margin, just below your contact information.

Recipient’s Name and Address

It is important to address the letter to the specific individual who will be reading it. If you don’t know the name of the person you’re addressing, you may use “Hiring Manager” as a general greeting. The recipient’s name and address should be placed below the date and aligned to the left margin.

The salutation is a greeting that should be addressed to the person who will be reading your letter. If you don’t know the name of the individual, you can use “To Whom it May Concern” or “Dear Hiring Manager.” Make sure to follow the salutation with a colon.

Opening Paragraph

Your opening paragraph should be brief and engaging. You want to capture the reader’s attention and introduce yourself and your reason for writing. You might start by mentioning the job you are applying for and why it interests you.

Middle Paragraph(s)

In the middle of the Cover Letter, you’ll want to provide more specific information about your experience, skills, and qualifications that make you an excellent candidate for the position. You can also draw from specific achievements or examples that align with the job posting.

Closing Paragraph

Your closing paragraph should end with a call to action, inviting the reader to schedule an interview, contact you with any questions, or leave your contact information. You want to come across as enthusiastic and confident that you are the best fit for the job.

End the letter with a professional closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best Regards,” followed by a space for your signature (if the letter is printed). If you are sending the letter via email, it’s appropriate to include your name, typed out in full.

A Cover Letter is an essential part of a job application, and understanding the correct formatting and structure can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview. Use this guide as a reference to help you create a professional and impactful Cover Letter.

Cover Letter Formatting Tips

When it comes to cover letter formatting, several factors determine the quality of your document. The success of your cover letter depends on different aspects of formatting, including font size and style, margins, alignment, spacing, and length. In this section, we will discuss these elements in detail and provide tips on how to format your cover letter for the best results.

1. Font Size and Style

The font size and style that you use for your cover letter determine how easy it is to read and whether it looks professional. Ensure that the font size is between 10-12 points, as using a smaller font size may make it hard for the recruiter to read. Also, select a font style that is easy on the eyes, like Arial or Times New Roman. Using decorative fonts can be distracting and may make your cover letter appear unprofessional.

When submitting your cover letter, ensure that there are consistent margins on all sides. The standard margin size is one inch, and it should not go below 0.5 inches. The consistency in margin size makes your cover letter look neat and professional.

3. Alignment

Alignment refers to the positioning of text in your cover letter. The alignment of your content should be consistent throughout, with each section aligned correctly. Ensure that your text is aligned to the left, with no stretching or shrinking of letters. Doing this makes your cover letter more organized and easier to read.

Proper spacing in a cover letter provides a balance between readability and professionalism. Use single spacing between sentences and double spacing between paragraphs. This creates an ample amount of white space that provides an appealing appearance and makes your cover letter more inviting to the eye.

The length of the cover letter should not exceed one page. A short and concise cover letter is more effective than a lengthy cover letter. You can achieve this by getting straight to the point and highlighting the most important information only. Unlike the resume that can go up to three pages, the cover letter requires a short and focused approach.

It is important to consider the formatting of your cover letter. Applying the formatting tips discussed above enhances the overall appearance of your document and ensures that it is easy to read while maintaining a professional look.

Common Cover Letter Formats

When it comes to writing a cover letter, the format you choose can make a big difference. The three most common cover letter formats are the chronological format, the functional format, and the combination format. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the one you choose will depend on your individual circumstances.

Chronological Format

The chronological format is the most traditional cover letter format, and it works well for most job seekers. With this format, you start with your contact information at the top of the page, followed by the date and the employer’s contact information. You then move on to the body of the letter, which should be divided into three paragraphs.

In the first paragraph, you introduce yourself and explain why you are applying for the job. In the second paragraph, you highlight your relevant skills and experience, focusing on what you can bring to the role. In the final paragraph, you wrap up by expressing interest in the position and thanking the employer for considering your application.

Functional Format

The functional format is best suited for job seekers who are changing careers or have gaps in employment history. With this format, you still start with your contact information and date, but instead of focusing on your work history, you focus on your skills and accomplishments.

In the first paragraph, you introduce yourself and explain why you are applying for the job. In the second paragraph, you highlight your relevant skills and experience, organized by category. For example, if you are applying for a management position and you have experience leading teams, you might have a section titled “Leadership Skills” where you explain your experience and accomplishments in this area. In the final paragraph, you wrap up by expressing interest in the position and reiterating your qualifications.

Combination Format

The combination format is a hybrid of the chronological and functional formats. With this format, you start with a brief introduction, followed by a section that highlights your skills and accomplishments, and then a section that details your work history.

In the introduction, you explain why you are applying for the job and briefly highlight your qualifications. In the second section, you go into more detail about your relevant skills and experience. This section should be organized by category, similar to the functional format. In the final section, you detail your work history, emphasizing your most relevant positions and accomplishments.

The combination format can be especially effective for job seekers who have a strong work history and want to focus on their skills and accomplishments without downplaying their experience.

Ultimately, the format you choose will depend on your individual circumstances and the job you are applying for. Consider your work history, skills, and accomplishments carefully, and choose the format that best showcases your strengths and makes you stand out as a candidate.

Tailoring Your Cover Letter to the Job

When it comes to crafting an effective cover letter, one of the most important steps is tailoring your content to the specific job you’re applying for. This means taking the time to research the company you’re applying to, analyzing the job posting, and aligning your skills and experience with the job requirements.

Researching the Company

Before you even begin writing your cover letter, it’s important to do some research on the company you’re applying to. This will help you get a better sense of the company’s values, mission, and culture, as well as the specific needs and challenges they may be facing.

To research the company, you can start by visiting their website and reading through their About Us, Mission, and Values pages. You can also check out their social media profiles, as well as any news articles or press releases about the company. This will help you get a sense of what the company is all about, and what they’re looking for in an ideal candidate.

Analyzing the Job Posting

Once you have a better sense of the company you’re applying to, you can then turn your attention to the job posting itself. This is where you’ll find specific details about the role and responsibilities, as well as the qualifications and skills required for the job.

When analyzing the job posting, be sure to read through it carefully, paying close attention to any keywords or phrases that are repeated throughout the posting. These will give you a better idea of the skills and qualifications the company is looking for, and can help you tailor your cover letter accordingly.

Aligning Your Skills and Experience with the Job Requirements

With a better understanding of the company and the job posting, you can now begin aligning your skills and experience with the job requirements. This means highlighting specific experiences or accomplishments that demonstrate your ability to excel in the role, and showing how your past accomplishments can translate into success in the new role.

When aligning your skills and experience with the job requirements, be sure to use specific examples and data to support your claims. This will help demonstrate that you’re not just saying you have the skills and experience, but that you can back up those claims with concrete evidence.

The key to tailoring your cover letter to the job is to take the time to understand the company and the job posting, and then to show how your skills and experience make you the ideal candidate for the role. By doing so, you can create a more targeted, effective cover letter that stands out to potential employers.

Cover Letter Structure for Different Situations

When it comes to cover letters, there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. The structure and content of your cover letter should be tailored to the situation you’re in.

Applying for a Job vs. Inquiring about Opportunities

If you’re applying for a specific job, your cover letter should be targeted towards that job. Mention the job title, and explain why you’re interested in the position and what you can bring to the table. On the other hand, if you’re just inquiring about opportunities, your cover letter should be more general. Explain your relevant skills and experience, and express your interest in the company.

Responding to a Job Posting vs. Sending a Cold Cover Letter

If you’re responding to a job posting, make sure to read the job description carefully and highlight how your skills and experience match the requirements. If you’re sending a cold cover letter, you should focus on showcasing your skills and explaining why you’d be a good fit for the company, even if there aren’t any current job openings.

Sending a Cover Letter via Email vs. Mail

If you’re sending your cover letter via email, keep it concise and to the point. Use a clear subject line, address the recipient by name, and attach your resume and cover letter in PDF format. If you’re sending your cover letter via mail, use a professional-looking envelope and paper, and make sure to include your contact information in the header.

The structure and content of your cover letter will depend on a variety of factors. By tailoring your cover letter to the situation, you’ll maximize your chances of landing the job or opportunity you’re after.

Addressing Cover Letter Gaps and Challenges

When writing a cover letter, addressing gaps or challenges in your employment history can be a tricky task. Here are some tips on how to address three common challenges:

Addressing Employment Gaps

If you’ve had a period of time where you were not employed, it’s important to address this in your cover letter. Be honest but strategic – you don’t want to give the impression that you’re unreliable or unemployable.

One way to frame an employment gap is to explain that you took the time to pursue a personal project or skill-building opportunity. For example:

“After leaving my previous position, I took the opportunity to travel and immerse myself in different cultures. This experience allowed me to develop a new perspective on problem-solving, which I believe will benefit me in my next role.”

Alternatively, you can use the cover letter as an opportunity to explain that you were dealing with a personal issue that has since been resolved. Be brief and don’t overshare; the goal is to give context without making the employer uncomfortable.

Explaining Employment Changes

If you’ve had multiple jobs in a short period of time, you may be concerned about giving the impression that you’re a job-hopper. Again, honesty is important – but so is emphasizing your adaptability and desire to find the right fit.

You can explain a job change by emphasizing your interest in the specific company or position. For example:

“After researching your company’s focus on [specific industry or skill], I knew I wanted to be a part of the team. Although my previous role was rewarding, I believe that my experience and skills make me uniquely qualified for the position at [company].”

Handling Overqualification or Underqualification

If you feel like you’re either overqualified or underqualified for a position, your cover letter is the perfect opportunity to address those concerns. The key is to focus on how your experience can benefit the company, regardless of whether it aligns perfectly with the job description.

For example, if you’re overqualified, you can explain that your experience will allow you to hit the ground running and make a significant impact quickly:

“While my background includes senior-level roles in [specific industry or skill], I’m excited about the opportunity to join a dynamic team and utilize my experience to help [company] grow and achieve its goals.”

Similarly, if you’re underqualified, focus on your willingness to learn and grow in the position:

“Although I don’t have direct experience in [specific skill or industry], I am confident that my transferable skills and dedication to learning will allow me to quickly become a valuable asset to [company].”

By addressing potential gaps or challenges upfront in your cover letter, you’re showing that you’re proactive and thoughtful – two qualities that employers value. Keep these tips in mind and you’ll be well on your way to writing a compelling cover letter that sets you apart from the competition.

Mistakes to Avoid in Your Cover Letter

When it comes to submitting a cover letter for a job application, there are several mistakes that you should avoid at all costs. Here are some of the most common issues that you’ll want to steer clear of:

Grammatical Errors and Typos

One of the quickest ways to turn off a potential employer is by submitting a cover letter filled with grammatical errors and typos. Make sure to proofread your letter thoroughly before sending it, and consider asking a trusted friend or family member to review it as well.

Repeating Your Resume

Your cover letter is an opportunity to showcase skills and experiences that don’t necessarily come through on your resume. Avoid simply restating your resume in your cover letter, and instead use it as a chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and unique qualities.

Using Clichés and Vague Language

Clichés and vague language can make your cover letter come across as generic and uninspired. Avoid using overused phrases like “hard-working” and “detail-oriented,” and instead focus on specific examples or experiences that demonstrate those traits.

Focusing Too Much on Yourself and Not the Employer

While it’s important to showcase your strengths and accomplishments in your cover letter, make sure that you’re also addressing how your skills align with the needs of the employer. Show that you’ve done your research on the company and the position in question, and explain how you can contribute to their success.

Sharing Too Much Personal Information

While it can be tempting to include personal details in your cover letter in an attempt to build a personal connection with the employer, avoid oversharing. Stick to professional details and examples, and avoid discussing personal matters like family, health issues, or political views.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can create a compelling cover letter that stands out from the crowd and increases your chances of getting hired.

Cover Letter Examples and Templates

Crafting a well-written cover letter is essential for job seekers to make a great first impression on potential employers. Choosing the right format and showcasing your relevant skills and experiences can set you apart from the rest. Here are five different cover letter examples and templates to help guide you in creating the perfect cover letter for your job search:

Chronological Cover Letter Example:

Use a chronological format if you have a consistent work history with relevant experience in the field. This format showcases your professional growth and progression throughout your career.

Functional Cover Letter Example:

A functional format emphasizes your skills and abilities rather than your employment history. This is a great option if you are changing careers or have gaps in your work history.

Combination Cover Letter Example:

This format is a blend of chronological and functional formats and highlights both your skills and work history. This is helpful for job seekers with relevant experience across multiple industries.

Job Inquiry Cover Letter Example:

Use this format to express your interest in a company that may not have a current job opening. This type of cover letter highlights your knowledge of the company and how you can add value to their team.

Cold Cover Letter Example:

A cold cover letter is sent to companies without any job postings. This format showcases your skills and experiences and expresses your interest in future opportunities within the company.

Email Cover Letter Example:

Today, many cover letters are sent via email. This format is similar to the traditional cover letter format but should include a subject line, salutation, and email signature.

Choosing the right format and following a template can help you create a professional cover letter that showcases your qualifications and increases your chances of landing an interview. Use the above examples as a guide to help you tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for.

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12 Great Cover Letter Examples

Mike Simpson 0 Comments

By Mike Simpson

There comes a time in nearly every job seekers life when you plop yourself down in front of the computer and say to yourself…

“Okay, it’s time to find a couple good cover letter examples I can use to help me start writing my cover letter…” 

So you do a quick Google search, grab the first three cover letter samples you can find, copy a paragraph from each one, and then you’re off to the races feeling like now all you have to do is “click send” a few times and the interviews will simply start rolling in.

Consider this a gentle wake-up call.

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Why Your Cover Letter Is So Important?

In this ultra-competitive job market, it’s just not good enough to “Frankenstein” together a cover letter from the various bits and pieces you find online.

Because hiring managers have “been there, done that.” In other words, they’ve seen it all before.

Not only that, but they want to find candidates that are unique, interesting, and take the time and make the effort to present the best version of themselves.

Your cover letter is your first impression, and therefore, you want to craft the best darn cover letter your hiring manager has ever seen.

So you want to take the time and select the cover letter example that is “tailored” to your situation… in other words, the example cover letter that fits your personality, skills and abilities the best.

Example cover letters are kind of like shoes.

Sure, you might absolutely love that pair of Air Jordan IV’s that are still fresh in the box in your closet from 1989, but you might want to have a second thought before you consider wearing them to a wedding with a tuxedo.

Or perhaps you’ve got a pair of high heels that make you feel like you could walk into a business lunch at the Four Seasons and walk out having sold your company for a billion dollars?

Would you feel the same way if you showed up at the start line for the half marathon you signed up for with those same heels on?

Okay, ridiculous examples aside, I hope you can begin to see my point.

There is not one example cover letter for every situation … no “one-cover-letter-fits-all” solution in 2022.

You have to carefully evaluate your situation and decide which cover letter example is going to suit you the most.

What kind of work are you looking for?

Full-time?  Or part-time?  There’s a cover letter for that.

Are you sending a cover letter in the mail or by email?  There’s a cover letter for that too.

There are all kinds of situations that warrant a slightly different cover letter, and it’s imperative that you figure out which one fits you best.

But don’t worry.  To help, we’ve compiled a list of 12 of the most common cover letter examples and provided you with an example of a cover letter for each one that should give you a leg up on the competition for 2022.

So take a look at the examples and carefully decide which one fits your situation the most.

Before you dive in, a word to the wise…

Don’t just grab the one that fits you best, change the contact information and then start sending it out. As I said before, hiring managers are pretty smart and will be able to tell that you haven’t taken any time to make it your own.

If you want to get job interviews from your cover letter (and at some point, job offers as well!), you need to “tailor” the cover letter to demonstrate your skills , abilities and relevant experience .

12 Common Cover Letter Examples

Without further ado, here are 12 of the best cover letter examples for nearly every situation you could find yourself in along with a brief description of what makes the style of cover letter unique.

1. Cover Letter Sample For Part-Time Work

If you have no intention of applying for a full-time position, it is very important that you let the hiring manager know this in your cover letter.  After all, if you don’t mention this right up front, anything that comes after this will be a total waste of time, and hiring managers value their time more than anything.

On a side note, you should never really be applying for a full-time position when you are only available as a part-time worker.  The company has very specific needs, so don’t think they are going to change the entire nature of the position to accommodate your availability.

2. For A New Graduate

Cover letters for new graduates can often be tricky, because generally speaking, new graduates don’t usually have much experience.

So how can you still put yourself forward as a good candidate without experience?  You want to focus the cover letter around your skills and abilities, the extra-curricular work you’ve accomplished and your knowledge of the company (and passion for the industry) you’re applying to.

3. When You Have Been Referred

There isn’t anything overly difficult about writing a cover letter when you have been referred by someone else, but the most important thing to know is where you should bring up the referral.

Generally speaking, it is always best to mention your referral in the opening paragraph, because it acts as an attention grabber for the hiring manager.

You’re hoping they’ll think to themselves something along the lines of, “Oh, this person was referred by Jim.  I like Jim…he’s a straight shooter. If this person is good enough for Jim, he’s good enough for me. I’m going to bring him in for an interview…”

4. Cold Call Cover Letter Example

The cold call cover letter is appropriate when you are applying to a position that is not necessarily listed on a job board or advertised anywhere.  And for that reason, it can be a little tricky.

You really need to blow the hiring manager away in order for them to grant an unsolicited interview request, so there a re a few key things to remember.  Most importantly, you really have to do your research and demonstrate that you know the company and position inside out.

After that, it really pays to address the letter to a specific person.  Simply writing “To Whom It May Concern” is a great way to have the letter filed under G (for those keeping track that’s the Garbage).

Finally, this letter needs to be all about “pizazz”. Since the reader wasn’t expecting to receive this, you really need to catch their attention and sell yourself, but most importantly, quickly demonstrate how you will add value to their company.

5. For An Email Submission

Please please PLEASE be careful with this one.

Just because a job posting says “submit your cover letter and resume via email” , doesn’t necessarily mean that you can just put these documents in the body of an email.

More often than not, the posting will give further instructions that include attaching your cover letter and resume to an email.  Anyone who doesn’t follow this step has a ZERO chance of being brought in for an interview.

Why?  Because you can’t follow simple directions.

Now, if there is no stipulation and you determine that using the email body to send your cover letter is okay, then general cover letter writing rules apply.

Where you want to focus your energy is on the subject line.  Don’t just write whatever comes to mind as a throwaway and whatever you do, don’t leave it empty!  Be clear and concise about what is included in the email and identify the position you are applying for.

6.  For A Recruiter

Recruiters are no different than hiring managers, in that they are essentially looking for the same things from your cover letters.  What impresses a recruiter the most is when you take the time to tailor your cover letter to a specific posting rather than simply sending them a general letter inquiring about “miscellaneous opportunities”.

7. Someone Changing Careers

Generally speaking, if you are changing careers, you’ll be short on experience.  So similarly to the “New Graduate” cover letter, you’ll want to put the focus on your reasons for making the career change along with your relevant skills and abilities and how your experience in your past career will translate to your new career.

And remember, enthusiasm goes a long way. Hiring managers get excited about applicants that really show a desire to succeed in the role and industry they are applying to.

So make sure you do your research and know the position and industry inside out so that you are easily able to show how enthusiastic you are about the opportunity and how determined you are to get started on your new career path.

8. A Great Example of a Cover Letter For An Academic

The trick with an academic cover letter is to avoid rambling on and on and on about everything you’ve accomplished.  The reality is, you still need to fall within the “one-page rule” (although some institutions will allow for a second page, you better make darn sure that this is the case!), so t he trick is to be clear and concise and highlight your accomplishments without coming across as an encyclopedia.

One other thing to consider is the nature of any research you have done and how you want to convey that in your cover letter.

Quite often people spend too much time talking about what it is they study or plan on studying without ever getting into the “why” of it all.

Be specific about your intentions and don’t assume that the person on the other end of your cover letter is an expert in your field.

9. For An Internship

There really isn’t a huge difference between writing a cover letter for an internship and writing a cover letter for a job opening.  You still need to list your qualifications, skills and abilities.  You still need to explain how you add value to the company.  You still want to sell yourself.

But one thing you want to keep in mind, is even though this internship might be a springboard to YOUR career or education, you don’t want this to be the focus of your cover letter.

The name of the game is still to put the company’s needs ahead of your own.

You’re not their first intern and you won’t be their last, so don’t write your cover letter thinking that their concern is how the internship will help with your placement in your next opportunity.

Add value. Period.  This is what they really want to hear from you in your cover letter.

10. Direct Mail

A direct mail cover letter is similar to a cold call cover letter, the main difference being you are not applying to a single company with a single position in mind.  Instead, you are “blanketing” as many companies you can at once and therefore trying to send out a general cover letter that can work for them all.

Because of this, we don’t recommend this strategy to our students.  It is generally pretty ineffective and a waste of your time or resources.

There is rarely a time when “tailoring” your resume to a specific company and position is not the most effective strategy.  However, if you are really short on time (and possibly ambition), here is an example of a direct mail cover letter you can reference.

11. Responding To an Advertisement

The only really distinguishing feature of this type of cover letter is that the opening paragraph generally includes a statement such as “I’m responding to your advertisement I saw in the…”

The rest of the cover letter generally follows the principles of other successful cover letters.  However, if you find yourself going through the classifieds in your local newspaper and simply sending off cover letters to whomever has an ad posted, do make sure that you do some research on the company before you send out your cover letter.

Sending one cover letter out for multiple advertisements is a good way to ensure that you won’t be getting too many interviews in the coming days or weeks.

12. When You’re Unemployed

The worst thing you can do when writing an cover letter after you’ve been unemployed for some time is to lie.

Why?  Because eventually, the lies you tell in the cover letter will come home to roost at some point in the interview process, meaning you’ll just end up having wasted everyone’s time.

Having said that, if there are some less-than-attractive reasons for your unemployment, don’t make those reasons the focus of your cover letter. You want to keep it positive.

It’s okay to admit fault in certain situations if you can show that you’ve have learned from the tough times and have changed for the better as a result of these struggles.

Transition to focusing on your skills and abilities, and more importantly, your passion and desire for re-entering the workforce. If you have experience from your past that will clearly add value to this new position, than don’t be afraid to clearly demonstrate the connection.

And if you spent your time being unemployed trying to better yourself (for example, taking a class or volunteering), then shift the focus to that.

Putting It All Together

So there you have 12 good cover letter examples for 2022 that will help you get started on crafting a winning cover letter.

Remember that the most important thing for you to accomplish with your cover letter is to demonstrate how you add value to the company you are applying to, and you want to make sure this never gets lost when you get caught up in trying to sell yourself.

And remember, you’re not on your own! Once you’ve chosen your cover letter example you can head over to How to Write a Cover Letter 101 and get great tips on how to right all parts of your cover letter.

Best of luck to you!

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Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com.

His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others.

Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

About The Author

Mike simpson.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com. His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

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Cover Letter Format: The Ultimate Guide

The cover letter is what most employers will read first. 

This means they will form their first impression about you from this document. So you’d want to make it look professionally polished and memorable. That’s what a business cover letter format is for! It helps you mold your narrative in a sharp, witty, and compelling cover letter. 

How To Format a Cover Letter 

A proper cover letter format is dead-simple. All you need to do is get the four core parts right:

• Cover letter header — the topmost area featuring your contact details and employer details. 
• Cover letter opening — the first paragraph capturing the attention and curiosity of the person reading it.
• The body of your cover letter — two or three paragraphs, detailing your experience, accomplishments, and key value proposition for the employer. 
• Cover letter closure — the final short paragraph with a call to action. 

Now that’s the general cover letter layout. 

If you are sending a cover letter as a Word document rather than an email or form submission, you’ll also need to make sure that it’s readable. 

Here’s a standard format for cover letter text document:

• Use the standard one-inch (2.5 cm) margin in MS Word 
• Apply align center to all contents 
• Keep a readable letter spacing of 1 or 1.15. 
• Use a professional font such as Arial or Times New Roman 
• Leave a double space after each paragraph
• Check that all hyperlinks (if you include any) are clickable 
• Save your cover letter in Word and PDF format (and send over the requested one) 
• Optional: you can also use a professional cover letter template , featuring the above format settings. 

Now let’s put the microscope over each cover letter section. 

Cover Letter Format Template

Your Name Address  Telephone Number  Email  Website or LinkedIn (optional) 

Employer’s Name  Job Title  Company Name Company Address

Re: Application for [Position Name] and [Position Reference Number] (if applicable) 

Dear/Mr/Ms [Hiring person name] 

Opening statement: Keep this one 1-2 long sentences max. Introduce yourself, highlight one relevant skill, and state your interest in this position. 

First Paragraph : Highlight your work experience, key skills, and major accomplishments. Showcase how your expertise is relevant to the employer. Focus at one point at a time. 

Second Paragraph: Transition to your second discussion point. Explain what motivated you for applying, bring up some interesting points about the employer, and state what makes you a good hire. 

Closing paragraph: Provide a logical conclusion to the discussion. Add a call-to-action suggesting the next steps — scheduling an interview, having a quick call, getting on touch for more information, etc. 

Name, Signature

Cover Letter Format Sample (Word version)

Download cover letter format sample (.docx)

Cover Letter Header Format 

This step is optional if you are sending an email cover letter. However, if you prefer to go for the most formal cover letter format, you’ll have to nail header styling. 

A header needs to feature your contact details first, followed by the employer details. 

Here’s a cover letter header template: 

Employer’s Name  Job Title  Company Name Company Address 

Quick note: If you don’t know the hiring person’s name (and job title), go straight to the company name. 

Cover Letter Opening Format 

The open section of your cover letter serves two purposes:

• Reiterates which position you are after and why 
• Hooks the reader into learning more about you 

Usually, a cover letter opening consists of two or three sentences. Don’t go beyond that. Your goal is to provide a teaser, not showcase the full movie.

Here are several sample cover letter openings:

For a cover letter for social worker :  

“Dear Hiring Manager,

The opportunity to apply for the position of Social Worker at the Denver Regional Office of the Department of Social Services is very appealing to me. When I read the job listing on Indeed.com, I realized that my experience as an elderly care coordinator at St Milrose Institution could help you achieve the goal of improving outreach efforts within the local community.” 

For a cover letter for a marketing position : 

Re: Marketing Content Writer (Job Reference Number #123456) at Startup 

Ms. Symone,

Over the past 5 years, I wrote website copy, blog posts, and eBooks for brands such as Slack, Shopify, and BigCommerce. My best performing eBook drover over 800 qualified leaders over the span of 2 years. I’d be delighted to help Startup achieve similar results in the position of Marketing Content Writer. 

Cover Letter Body Format 

The body of your cover letter should be succinct (around 200-250 words), yet informative enough to deliver the information that the employer is looking for.

Thus, pick out hard and soft skills , core competencies , and employment facts that will grab their attention the most and encourage them to read your resume .

Next, ensure that you always customize your cover letter to the job application. 

This is probably THE most important tip that we can pass on to you. Customization is the key to a successful cover letter .

Here’s how to do it:

• Detail the specific skills you possess that the company is looking for.
• Use phraseology that mirrors the company language – mimics how they speak. Describe your skills and knowledge in a way that the company would describe them.
• Drop the common industry buzzwords. Instead, infuse some extra personality and power words .  

To effectively personalize a cover letter, research the company before you apply. 

Read their back history, the company ethos, and their beliefs. If they meet and align with your own then this makes it easier for you to speak with genuine passion about why you want to work for the company in your cover letter.

Always remember that the company will be swamped with perfectly qualified job candidates with the exact same skill-set and work history like you. What makes a candidate stand out is someone that is very well-informed about their company and has shared beliefs and goals.

Check out our collection of cover letter examples to see how the cover letter body should be laid out and personalized. 

Cover Letter Closure Format 

Keep the closing paragraph of your cover letter short and action-oriented. Drop the “thank you for taking the time to consider me”. 

Instead, go bolder and more proactive. Ask the employer to:

• Reach out if they have any questions or would like extra information
• Meet in-person or via Zoom for a preliminary chart 
• Invite you for an interview 

We have a separate guide detailing how to close a cover letter with a bang! 

Extra Cover Letter Formatting and Writing Tips 

Still, feel stuck with writing that cover letter? 

Here are some bite-sized tips to get you going! 

1. Always Analyze the Job Requirements

Note down what skills are listed the highest in the Requirements section. Jot these down and incorporate the ones you have into the cover letter. 

Also, look at who the company mainly deals with. Do they focus on B2C or B2B? This will give you an idea about how to phrase your language in your cover letter. If this is a B2B company you can highlight and reinforce your B2B experience. This will help you to stand out more than a similar candidate with only B2C experience and vice versa.

2. Go with a Format You Use for Your Resume 

Your cover letter is not only a tool of introduction, but it also helps to back up your resume. Thus, make these two documents look consistent. 

Specifically:

• Use the same font size and style as you use for your resume.
• Keep the same  margin sizes and spaces

You can make it a lot easier on yourself if you chose to use a resume template with a matching cover letter . In this way, you can make sure that both documents look like twins, not some distant cousins.

3. Remain Humble

The last thing you want to do is to put off your potential new employer by coming across as a big-headed know-it-all in your cover letter.

While it is fine to talk positively about yourself and your achievements that are relative to the job in hand, it never sounds good to brag.  Instead, stay professional and courteous in your address.

The employer will be looking for a candidate that will fit in well with others in their company. They will be looking for someone that has the knowledge and experience they need, but will also be open-minded and willing to learn from their peers.

4. Check, Edit, Check, Edit, Then Check and Edit Again

You will be amazed at how many resumes and cover letters get rejected because of reasons such as poor grammar, spelling mistakes, repeated information and obvious typos.

While you may be tempted to shoehorn a lot of information into your cover letter, remember that it needs to be kept short. By reviewing and editing your cover letter you can cut out on excessive words or long explanations that can be said in fewer words.

5. Get Someone Else To Review Your Cover Letter

It is always worth having a fresh pair of eyes to scan over your cover letter. Having someone else check your letter may draw your attention to something you missed, such as poor grammar or phraseology, a spelling mistake, or a feeling that the letter is too long/too short etc.

What you need is an objective pair of eyes to cast a look over your letter, so choose someone that you know will give you an honest opinion and isn’t afraid to appraise it with a critical eye.

Choose a trusted work colleague or a friend that has your best interests at heart. This way you will get an honest opinion rather than flattery or praise for your efforts.

To Conclude

We hope that our tips and cover letter format example prepped you well for writing a compelling cover letter. 

But if you still don’t feel that confident, check our complete guide to cover letter writing . It’s choke-full of even more examples, tips, and templates for writing. 

Do remember that your cover letter gives you a chance to get your foot in the door for an interview. Try to stick to the points above and avoid any negative language that will be a turn off to a potential new employer.

Don’t include information that is already listed in your resume. Never repeat your resume in your cover letter. The employer will not appreciate reading the same information twice.

Good luck with your next job interview!

Elena runs content operations at Freesumes since 2017. She works closely with copywriters, designers, and invited career experts to ensure that all content meets our highest editorial standards. Up to date, she wrote over 200 career-related pieces around resume writing, career advice... more

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Types of Cover Letters With Samples

Which Type of Cover Letter to Use

Types of cover letters, examples for job applications, inquiring about openings.

When you are job hunting, it's important to choose an appropriate cover letter so you can make the best impression. There are different types of cover letters you can use depending on the circumstances. These are the most common types: job application letters, cold contact cover letters, email cover letters, referral cover letters, letters of interest, networking, and value proposition letters.

The cover letter you use will be determined by whether you are applying directly for a job, mentioning a referral, inquiring about unadvertised openings, or simply seeking job search assistance from individuals in your professional network.

Your cover letter should be designed specifically for the reason you're writing. If it is a cover letter attached to a resume in a job application, it should be customized for each position you seek.

Be sure to choose a type of cover letter that reflects how you are applying for the job or the type of job search help you are requesting.

Hiring managers can recognize when an applicant’s cover letter is a generic one that they have used to apply for multiple positions. Such cover letters, which show a lack of care or interest in a company, could result in your resume being passed by without a glance.

Here are some of the different types of cover letters job seekers use to apply for employment:  

• Job Application Letter:  An application letter is written to apply for a specific job opening. This is a traditional cover letter that is sent with a resume to apply for a job.
• Referral Cover Letter:  A referral cover letter mentions the name of a person who has referred you to a job. This can be a great way to gain an employer’s interest, particularly if the individual providing the referral is known to the company you are interested in working for.
• Cold Contact Cover Letter: A cold contact cover letter is sent to a company that hasn't advertised openings. It's basically a sales pitch for what you have to offer a company.
• Email Cover Letter: An email cover letter is written to accompany a resume that's emailed to apply for a job.
• Letter of Interest:  A letter of interest , also known as a prospecting letter, inquires about possible job openings at a particular company.
• Networking Letter:  Networking letters request job search advice and assistance. These can be addressed to colleagues, to individuals you have met at professional conferences or other industry events, or to people to whom you connected through professional social networking sites like LinkedIn.
• Value Proposition Letter:  A value proposition is a brief statement explaining what makes the candidate unique.

As mentioned above, your cover letters should be targeted to the potential jobs you are interested in. This means that, before writing an application letter, a referral cover letter, a letter of interest, or a value proposition letter, you need to do your homework and research the company you are sending your letter to.

You can then demonstrate in your letter how your skillset and work experience would strongly contribute to the organization should they hire you.

When creating a letter of application for a job, be sure to include details about how your professional experience relates to the qualifications and requirements listed in the job posting.

Taking the time to match your cover letter to the job posting can help you get selected for an interview.

This makes it easy for the hiring manager to determine that you're a good candidate. You should also try to echo as many of the keywords listed in the job description as possible, both in your cover letter and your resume.

Some employers use automated parsing systems programmed with these keywords to glean through a wave of job applications; cover letters and resumes that incorporate these keywords are more likely to “make the cut” and earn review by a human eye than those that do not.

Here are examples for different situations:

• Cover Letter : Use this example and template as a starting point for your own cover letter.
• Job Application Letter : Includes sample for a paper application (or email attachment) and a cover letter that is sent as the body of an email.
• Cover Letter for a Career Change: Learn how to highlight skills from your previous career that will transfer to your new one.
• Applying for More Than One Job : Includes tips and a sample letter for when you're applying for multiple positions at the same company.
• Cover Letter for a Job Promotion : Use this to help you apply for an internal position with your current employer.
• Cover Letter for a Part-Time Job : Tips on how to write a cover letter for a part-time job even if one is not required.

Your dream company may not advertise a job opening, and there is a chance that they're always seeking talented individuals. Take the initiative and send a letter with your resume to let them know that you're available and interested in working for them.

• ​ Prospecting Letter : Get noticed with these tips and sample letter.
• Value Proposition Cover Letter : Learn how to add a value proposition statement to your cover letter—a statement that shows your specific value to the company and why you should be hired.
• Cold Contact Cover Letter : Includes tips and a sample for writing about unadvertised jobs.
• Sell Your Skills and Experience : These tips and sample will help when you know there is a job opening that isn't advertised or if you don't know if the company is hiring but are interested in working for them.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter ?" Accessed Dec. 8, 2020.

10 Common Cover Letter Questions Answered

• August 16, 2021
• In Resumes & Cover Letters

As you’re applying for jobs, you might run into countless cover letter questions. How long should it be? Is it even necessary? Knowing how to write an effective cover letter can put you miles ahead in your job search. Not only will it set you apart from other applicants, but it will also ensure you leave a great first impression. To help you achieve that, we answered some of the most common cover letter questions that you might have.

What is a cover letter? 

A cover letter is a formal document that is submitted alongside your resume when seeking employment opportunities. It provides an opportunity to discuss your experience and skills in more depth, using paragraphs to explain what you have done and how those experiences have shaped you as a professional in your field. Typically, a cover letter is about three to four paragraphs long and should show your eagerness for the position while explaining how you can meet the prospective employer’s needs

Frequently asked question about cover letter

What is the purpose of a cover letter.

A cover letter is a chance to enhance your application by providing more context to the important details in your resume. It gives you the opportunity to express your passion for the field or industry, show excitement for the company and its mission, and elaborate on relevant achievements in more depth than your resume, all while showcasing your personality.

What should a cover letter include?

At the very top of your cover letter, include your full contact information. Next, write a formal greeting addressed to the recruiter. Then, write the body of your cover letter. The opening part should be eye-catching yet brief. Your past achievements, strengths, and expertise should all make an appearance in the middle part. Apart from showing that you’re qualified for the position, it should also explain why you’re interested in the job and the company. Finally, close off the letter with a summary and a complimentary close followed by your signature.

What’s the best way to address a cover letter?

When addressing a cover letter, aim for a strong first impression by using a formal, full-name salutation to the hiring manager if possible. This shows attention to detail and professionalism. If you don’t have a specific name, use “Dear Hiring Manager” or “Dear Recruitment Manager” for a formal touch. Avoid generic salutations like “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir or Madam” for a more personalized approach.

How should I use keywords in my cover letter?

To use keywords in your cover letter, carefully review the job description and incorporate specific keywords that match your experience. Highlight your accomplishments with recognition keywords to enhance your qualifications. Avoid generic buzzwords and use active language to stand out to recruiters and applicant tracking systems.

How to make my cover letter stand out?

An effective way to make your cover letter stand out is by mentioning a reference from the company. If applicable, you should include this in your first paragraph to grab the employer’s attention right away. Another way to set yourself apart with your cover letter is to include your past successes. Elaborate on what you achieved and how it positively affected the company.

When is a cover letter optional?

Some job listings might not ask for a cover letter directly or may not even mention it. However, in most cases, you should still submit a cover letter. For example, you may need to explain employment gaps, career changes, or include extra information about your background. However, there are times when the cover letter is not needed. If the company says they do not accept cover letters, or if there is no way to submit one, it’s most likely unnecessary. Also, think twice about submitting a cover letter if you’re short on time. Sometimes, it’s better to leave it out than to submit a rushed, low-quality one.

Should I write a cover letter for each position?

In short, yes. You want to show the employer why you’re a good fit for this specific position and company.  Thus, sending out a generic cover letter won’t be very effective. In each cover letter, emphasize why you’re the best person to fulfill the specific job duties. Similarly, explain what makes you a good fit for the company. You can create one generic cover letter and then personalize these details for each position to save time.

How long should my cover letter be?

Keep your cover letter short and to the point. Ideally, aim for three to four paragraphs. Include only the most relevant information and keep your cover letter one page or shorter. That way, you’re not letting the employer lose interest with lengthy paragraphs and too many details.

What do I write if I don’t have any experience?

If you don’t have experience in the field you’re applying for, focus on transferable skills. For example, if you learned to lead a group during a school project, discuss this to emphasize your leadership skills. Essentially, use the experience gained through education, volunteering, or informal employment to make up for a professional experience.

What mistakes should I avoid making in a cover letter?

Forgetting to proofread is a common mistake people make when writing cover letters. So, before you send your application, make sure there are no spelling or grammatical errors in your writing. It’s also common to become repetitive with the use of “I” at the beginning of sentences, making the text harder to read. Also, avoid repeating the exact information you included in your resume. Instead, focus on the most relevant achievements and relate them to the role you’re applying to.

What should you not include in a cover letter?

To avoid looking unprofessional and leaving a bad first impression, make sure not to include any mistakes or typos in your cover letter. Also, you shouldn’t cross the line between relevant and personal information. Only focus on information that is directly related to the job and your professional abilities. Similarly, don’t include information that is untruthful or exaggerated. To ensure a good first impression, leave out any negative comments, complaints, or salary and benefits expectations.

Should I use a cover letter template?

Each cover letter will have the same main sections, which you’ll find in every template . However, you should always tailor the cover letter to reflect who you are and the position you’re applying to. To achieve that, instead, write your own generic template and then tailor it to each job.

Remember that your cover letter should be balanced in all aspects. You can let your personality shine through but keep it professional. Boast about your achievements but explain how you accomplished them. And, of course, tailor it to the job, but make sure you still stand out. A powerful cover letter can expand your resume and present you as a stellar fit for any position.

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