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• 15 April 2024
• Correction 22 April 2024

Revealed: the ten research papers that policy documents cite most

• Dalmeet Singh Chawla 0

Dalmeet Singh Chawla is a freelance science journalist based in London.

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When David Autor co-wrote a paper on how computerization affects job skill demands more than 20 years ago, a journal took 18 months to consider it — only to reject it after review. He went on to submit it to The Quarterly Journal of Economics , which eventually published the work 1 in November 2003.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00660-1

Updates & Corrections

Correction 22 April 2024 : The original version of this story credited Sage, rather than Overton, as the source of the policy papers’ citation data. Sage’s location has also been updated.

Autor, D. H., Levy, F. & Murnane, R. J. Q. J. Econ. 118 , 1279–1333 (2003).

Article   Google Scholar  

Costanza, R. et al. Nature 387 , 253–260 (1997).

Willett, W. et al. Lancet 393 , 447–492 (2019).

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Steffen, W. et al. Science 347 , 1259855 (2015).

Rockström, J. et al. Nature 461 , 472–475 (2009).

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Three years after police reforms, Black Bostonians report harassment and lack of trust at higher rates than other groups

A survey of Bostonians found wide disparities in the ways different racial groups experience their relationship with law enforcement, and negative interactions are also associated with trauma and chronic health conditions. 

Three years after sweeping law enforcement reforms were enacted in Boston to address long-standing concerns of unequal treatment, there is still a striking difference in the way Bostonians of different races experience their interactions with their city’s police force, according to new findings from a team of Harvard Kennedy School researchers. 

Not only did the research find large racial disparities in reports of police harassment and in trust in law enforcement, but it also showed a strong association between negative interactions with police and trauma and chronic health conditions.

The report was conducted by a research team at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Program in Criminal Justice (PCJ) and was led by Sandra Susan Smith , the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Professor of Criminal Justice at HKS. Smith is faculty chair of PCJ and director of the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy .

The team surveyed a representative sample of 1,407 Boston residents—including 286 Black, 245 Latino, 143 Asian American and Pacific Islander, and 667 white residents—about their contact with, and trust in, law enforcement, and about the impacts that those encounters have on their lives and their communities. The survey was conducted in January and February of 2024.

The survey’s key findings include:

Black Bostonians report various types of police harassment at much higher rates than non-Black Bostonians.

In contrast to non-Black Bostonians, Black Bostonians feel a deep distrust towards law enforcement, and their distrust is strongly associated with experiences of police harassment.

More than half of Boston residents report that law enforcement has made their community feel safer, but rates vary by race/ethnicity and are informed by experiences of police harassment and harassment perceived to be racially motivated.

Among Bostonians, police harassment isn’t just predictive of distrust and feelings of community safety, it is also predictive of symptoms of trauma, especially so for Boston’s Black men.

For some Bostonians, most notably AAPI residents, police harassment and associated distrust and trauma symptoms are linked with chronic health conditions.

In June 2020, Boston’s then-mayor Marty Walsh formed a task force to review Boston Police policies and procedures. The move was part of a national reexamination of policing following George Floyd’s murder in May 2020 and the wave of national protests and outrage that followed. The task force recommendations, ultimately accepted by the mayor, included expanding the use of body-worn cameras; diversifying the police force and creating a culture of inclusion and belonging; engaging officers in implicit-bias training; creating an independent oversight review board; and enhancing police use-of-force policies.

“All things considered, are there any signs to suggest that law enforcement officers treat Black residents of Boston the same as people from other racial and ethnic groups?” the report asks. “Based on results of analysis of these survey data, we have little reason to believe that Black Bostonians are treated the same as people from other racial and ethnic groups.

“Racial disparities in police harassment, including harassment perceived to be racially motivated, are large and consistent with police patterns and practices in Boston described by many in the Black community in the years and decades before George Floyd’s murder, during that year of global protest, and in the years since. It is unclear that reforms responding to Boston’s racial reckoning have done much to alter these very troubling and long-standing patterns.”

“The social costs associated with police harassment are far greater than we have imagined, extending well beyond penal system outcomes and distrust in law enforcement to include trauma and chronic health conditions.”

Sandra susan smith.

The survey also sought to measure the extent to which encounters with police were linked with mental health vulnerabilities. They asked respondents to remember an experience with police and then were asked the extent to which they agreed with a series of statements that might be indicative of trauma.

“Black Bostonians responded affirmatively to a greater number of these statements,” the report found. While, on average, Latinos, AAPI, and white Bostonians agreed with 1.1, 1,  and 1.2 statements affirmatively, Black residents responded yes to 1.8. “Further, it is not just that a significantly lower percentage of Black Bostonians responded ‘no’ to all the trauma statements—43% relative to 65%, 63%, and 51% of Latino, AAPI, and White residents, respectively—it is also that a significantly higher percentage of Black Bostonians responded ‘yes’ to between 3 and 6 statements—34% relative to 20% of the other racial/ethnic groups.”

“A growing body of research links aggressive policing to poor mental and physical health outcomes in communities targeted for such interventions,” according to the report. “In fact, in addition to mental health vulnerabilities like depression and PTSD-like symptoms, aggressive policing practices have been linked to high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity/overweight.”

While the analysis “produced several statistically significant findings, they are not always in the direction we would predict, and the strongest associations are not necessarily for the groups we might expect.”

For example, “among Black Bostonians, self-reported high blood pressure is negatively associated with both racially motivated police harassment and distrust; a lower percentage of those who reported racially motivated police harassment and distrust also reported having high blood pressure. The opposite is true for AAPI residents, however; self-reported high blood pressure is positively associated not only with police harassment and racially motivated police harassment but also with trauma symptoms. Among Latino residents, distrust in the police is associated with high blood pressure as well.”

“As with prior research conducted in other cities, findings from this Boston-based study suggest that the social costs associated with police harassment are far greater than we have imagined, extending well beyond penal system outcomes and distrust in law enforcement to include trauma and chronic health conditions,” Smith said. “Thus, even while Boston should be celebrated for the low rates at which its residents die immediately after contact with law enforcement, we should acknowledge and address the extent to which the slow violence of police harassment and the trauma and chronic health conditions it produces diminishes both the quality and likely the length of Bostonians’ lives, especially so for Bostonians of color, and particularly for its Black residents.” 

_ Photography Photo by Matthew J. Lee/The Boston Globe via Getty Images.

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Asked to consider a range of energy sources individually, majorities of Americans say they support more solar panel farms (78%) and more wind power farms (72%). A smaller majority (56%) also supports more nuclear power plants to generate electricity.

By contrast, there is less support for specific forms of fossil fuel development. Fewer than half support more offshore oil and gas drilling (48%), more hydraulic fracturing – sometimes called “fracking” – for oil and gas (44%) or more coal mining (39%).

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Support for more offshore drilling, hydraulic fracturing and coal mining is somewhat higher today than in 2020 due to significant increases in support among Republicans. For example, 68% of Republicans now support more hydraulic fracturing, up from 56% in 2020.

Age differences among Republicans in energy attitudes

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Almost all Democrats, regardless of age, prioritize developing renewable energy sources such as wind and solar.

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• 84% of Republicans ages 65 and older favor more offshore oil and gas drilling, compared with 52% of Republicans ages 18 to 29.

Older Republicans are also more likely than the youngest Republicans to support more hydraulic fracturing and coal mining.

The current GOP age gaps in support for wind and solar energy are a result of shifts that have taken place over the last four years. Support has fallen sharply among older Republicans, while views among those under 30 have changed only modestly. For example:

• Among Republicans ages 65 and older, support for more solar power has declined by 25 points since 2020 and support for more wind power has fallen by 24 points.
• Among Republicans ages 18 to 29, there have been single-digit declines in support for more solar and wind power over this timespan (down 7 points and 4 points, respectively).

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102 Social Policy Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best social policy topic ideas & essay examples, 🎓 good research topics about social policy, ⭐ simple & easy social policy essay titles, ❓ social policy essay questions.

• Social Policy Regimes and Enhance the Social Conditions Social policy is a discipline that employs multidisciplinary approaches in the study of problems that affect social processes and the welfare of human beings in society.
• The Social Policy of Injection Room in Australia North Richmond has a history of major drug abuse problems, which led the locals to protest and lobby for the establishment of a SIF as a way of reducing harm and fatalities in the area.
• Australian Social Policy and Child Protection The social policy of Australia considers the protection of children and the quality of their lives a central concern. The initiative of the policy is to change the way Australian child protection agencies approach the […]
• How a State’s Political Culture Affects Its Social Policy To analyze the influence of political culture on the state’s social policy, one must define precisely what political culture is, and what the nuances of its existence are.
• Poverty, Inequality and Social Policy Understanding The roots of inequality can relate to both welfare and some other factors, for example, the judiciary. Therefore, the principle of equality is violated, and social norms cannot be considered to be respected.
• Social Policy on Substance Use Disorders Notably, there is a need to account for all the specific needs of the different subsets of abusers. Owens in the fifth segment of the six podcast series on policy formation for resiliency on victims […]
• Income Equality and Social Policy Advocacy Lag The lag in income equality can be seen from statistical data: the income inequality ratio in the US is nine to one, which is worse than in Portugal, the UK, France, Canada, Germany, and some […]
• Social Security Benefits: A Policy Proposal At the same time, the advantage of this law is the expansion of benefits, which will contribute to the refinement of individuals and the equal provision of payments.
• Lee Enterprises Inc.’s Social Media Policy Case The NLRB concluded that the company’s action was within the law since the employer sent offensive messages that failed to involve protected concerted activity. The company intended to use the employee to facilitate the creation […]
• Social Welfare Policy Analysis and Letter to Legislator Social welfare policy development should integrate economic and social aspects to protect vulnerable groups through social assistance and services in the current social-economic environment. Thus, the formulation of social welfare had to balance the economic […]
• Social Policy and Family Resilience This requirement is due to the fact that policies largely regulate families’ daily life and the ways in which the professionals are supposed to interact with the family members.
• Health and Social Care Practice and Policy It should begin by evaluating the effectiveness of the current initiatives in attaining various outcomes: William Burns can access health services with the equal quality as the other people and sleeping rough on health to […]
• Social and Economic Policy Program: Globalization, Growth, and Poverty Topic: Sustainable approaches to poverty reduction through smallholder agricultural development in rural South Africa and Kenya The majority of the poor in Africa, and indeed the whole world, live in rural areas.
• Irish Ideology and Social Policy The understanding of the factors which limit the responsibility of any state in providing welfare services to its people call for the analysis of the merits and demerits of the mixed welfare economy.
• Society and Social Policy Analysis A corollary is that scientists debating the ethical use of their discoveries are not necessarily the best people to judge the use of that science; the best people to do so are those who understand […]
• Social Security as a Public Policy Problem in the US Reforming the system is equivalent to doing justice for the generations of the nation that’s known for such actions. This is the same procedure that was followed in Chile, a country that was the first […]
• Social Policy for Human Well-Being The main aim of the United States social health care policy is to improve the welfare of Americans in terms of enhancing social security, housing, and education and health care services.
• American Social Security Policy Evaluation In this essay, the key concepts of program evaluation will be applied to the social security policy of the U. Thus, the issue of control and degree to which the freedom of fund usage should […]
• Facebook as a Social Network and Its Privacy Policy The case study explains that the privacy policy and privacy settings on Facebook are such that they considerably violate the privacy of the social network’s users by selling their data to third parties for a […]
• Child Development and Global Social Policy In order to distinguish between the rationales for actions on behalf of children’s development, it is first necessary to determine the meaning assigned to the dimensions of development, as well as the concept of development […]
• Social Policy: Living on a Minimum Wage One of the primary findings is that the minimum wage is not a living wage. Another matter of concern is the fact that minimum living affects children and their prospects in life.
• The New Deal and Social Welfare Policy The great depression This is one of the major problems that led to the need to adopt the New Deal. This led to a large influx of people moving to the urban centers, and this, […]
• Globalization, Social Policy, and Social Provision In the developed countries on the other hand, majority of the citizens are able to provide for themselves, and therefore the nature of social provision is a matter of governments’ responsibility to all citizens rather […]
• Global Poverty, Social Policy, and Education Defining, compare and contrasting modernization and dependency theories in relation to development and global poverty stating suggestions and causes of poverty globally Modernization theory as the name suggests, refers to modernizing or venturing to new […]
• Understanding Public Policy. Social Impact of Policy Provided that the mistake is made at one of these stages, the policies of the government will be more likely to fail.
• Growth and Motivation Theories: Application in Personal Behavior, Professional Goal Setting, Social Policy Formulation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory of Growth Maslow’s hierarchy of needs growth theory states that, an individual has needs that need to be fulfilled at various levels for the individual to achieve personal and professional […]
• Resource Distribution: Corporate Social Responsibility Policy History The vision of the organisation is to improve the lives of the most susceptible individuals in Australia and across the world by mobilisation of the humanitarian support.
• The Formation of Social Policy Based on Theoretical Assumptions The realization by the criminal justice system that members of the public can participate cooperatively in prevention of crime has led to the formulation of social policies to guide them in their participation.
• Social Welfare Policy That Facilitates Reduction of Poverty and Inequality in the US In spite of the scale of the increase in the inequality, the political class in the US rarely discusses this subject in the public.
• Demographic Change and Intergenerational Relations in Families: Findings and Social Policy Implications
• Alternative Sexual Orientation: Evolution of Social Policy From the Conservative Era to Contemporary Times
• Relationship Between Sociology and Social Policy
• Health and Social Policy: An Overarching Policy Objective
• Education and Social Policy: Academic Outcomes and Additional Social, Economic, and Political Conditions
• How Child Protection Legislation Has Changed Social Policy
• Economic Inequality, Social Policy, and a Good Society
• Social Work and Social Policy: Immigration and Protection
• Business Power and Social Policy: Employers and the Formation of the American Welfare State
• Citizenship: Social Policy Constructs Personal Lives
• Global Economic Trends, Development, and Social Policy
• External Liberalization, Economic Performance, and Social Policy
• Criminological Theory and Social Policy: Crime and Social Policy’s Impact
• Families, Welfare and Social Policy
• Women, Social Policy, and Alcohol Treatment
• Poverty and Its Relationship With Social Policy
• Factors Influencing Social Policy
• Implementing Social Policy Through the Criminal Justice System: Youth, Prisons, and Community-Oriented Policing
• Advancing the Human Right to Food: Social Policy and the Politics of Hunger, Welfare, and Food Security
• Child Labor, Idiosyncratic Shocks, and Social Policy
• Assess the Relationship Between Sociology and Social Policy
• European Court and Social Policy of the European Union
• The Relationship Between Sociology and Social Policy
• Cultural Attitudes Regarding Social Policy
• Balancing Economic Freedom Against Social Policy Principles: EC Competition Law and National Health Systems
• Child Abuse-Reflection and Social Policy Analysis
• Employer Preferences and Social Policy: Business and the Development of Job Security Regulations
• Corruption, Bureaucratic Failure, and Social Policy Priorities
• European Social Policy and Europe’s Party-Political Center of Gravity
• Sectoral Social Dialogue and European Social Policy: Empirical Analysis and Prospects for Development
• Economic Competitiveness and Social Policy in Open Economies
• How Political Ideology Influences Social Policy
• The Basis for Social Policy: Human Needs for Security, Education, Work, Health, and Wellbeing
• Conservative Political Philosophy and Social Policy
• European Integration and External Constraints on Social Policy: Is a Social Charter Necessary
• Gender, Class, and Social Policy in the 21st Century
• Children’s Living Arrangements From a Social Policy Implementation Perspective
• Bearing Tales: Networks and Narratives in Social Policy Transfer
• American Social Policy and Social Change
• Digitalization, Computerization, Networking, Automation, Future of Jobs, and Social Policy in Japan’s Fourth Industrial Revolution
• What Is the Importance of Social Policy?
• How Has Child Protection Legislation Changed Social Policy?
• What Are Examples of a Social Policy?
• Does Social Policy Contribute to Economic Growth?
• What Social Policies Are Most Important?
• How Does Political Ideology Influence Social Policy?
• What Are the Goals That Define for Social Policy?
• Does Social Policy Through Rent Controls Inhibit New Construction?
• What Are Some Policies That Impact Social Work?
• How Did Social Developmentalism Reframe Social Policy in Brazil?
• What Are the Implications for Social Policy of the Changes Occured in Structure and Dynamics of Family Life in Britain?
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Firms' Perceived Cost of Capital

We study hand-collected data on firms’ perceptions of their cost of capital. Firms with higher perceived cost of capital earn higher returns on invested capital and invest less, suggesting that the perceived cost of capital shapes long-run capital allocation. The perceived cost of capital is partially related to the true cost of capital, which is determined by risk premia and interest rates, but there are also large deviations between the perceived and true cost of capital. Only 20% of the variation in the perceived cost of capital is justified by variation in the true cost of capital. The remaining 80% reflects deviations that are consistent with managers making mistakes. These deviations lead to misallocation of capital that lowers long-run aggregate productivity by 5% in a benchmark model. Forcing all firms to apply the same cost of capital would improve the allocation of capital relative to current corporate practice. The deviations in the perceived cost of capital challenge standard models, in particular the production-based asset pricing paradigm, and lead us to reject the “Investment CAPM.” We describe actionable methods that allow firms to improve their perceptions and capital allocation.

We thank John Campbell, Thummim Cho, Kent Daniel (discussant), Gene Fama, Xavier Gabaix, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, Tarek Hassan, John Heaton, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Ralph Koijen, Eben Lazarus, Christian Leuz, Lira Mota, Tyler Muir, Stefan Nagel, Lasse Pedersen, Thomas Philippon, Andrei Shleifer, Amir Sufi, Adi Sunderam, David Thesmar, Rob Vishny, Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, and Ivo Welch as well as many seminar and conference participants for useful comments. The research was supported by Asness Junior Faculty Fellowship, the Fama Faculty Fellowship, the Fama-Miller Center, and the Lee Economics Program Faculty Fellowship at the University of Chicago. We thank Rahul Chauhan, Sonali Mishra, and Esfandiar Rouhani for outstanding research support. This paper is a substantially revised version of an earlier paper entitled “Equity Factors and Firms’ Perceived Cost of Capital.” The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Poll: Majority of Americans say key COVID-19 policies were a good idea—but views of individual policies vary

Those with negative feelings express concerns about policies staying in place for too long, economic impacts, political influence, and lack of personal choice

For immediate release: June 17, 2024

Boston, MA — A majority of Americans say that several key policies to stop the spread of COVID-19 were generally a good idea in hindsight, according to a new national poll by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the de Beaumont Foundation. The poll also found, however, that views varied across policies, and many say the policies had negative impacts.

The poll, U.S. Views on Pandemic Policies: Lessons for Emerging Outbreaks , was conducted March 21 to April 2, 2024, among a nationally representative, probability-based sample of 1,017 adults ages 18 or older.

A majority of Americans say four key pandemic policies were “generally a good idea” in retrospect (Figure 1), including those related to:

• Mask requirements in stores and businesses – 70%
• Healthcare worker vaccination requirements – 65%
• Indoor dining closures – 63%
• K-12 public school closures – 56%

Forty-two percent of Americans say all four policies were a good idea and another third (37%) say only some were a good idea. Only 20% say all were “generally a bad idea.”

Views on these pandemic policies vary by subgroup characteristics, including political party affiliation, race, ethnicity, and metropolitan status. The percentage who say all four policies were generally a good idea:

• Democrats (71%); Independents (44%); Republicans (18%)
• Black adults (62%); Hispanic/Latino adults (55%); white adults (32%)
• People living in urban areas (55%); suburban areas (39%); rural areas (29%)

Notably, there is some policy receptivity among all subgroups, with majorities of each subgroup saying at least one of the four policies was generally a good idea. For example, 62% of Republicans say at least one was generally a good idea, as do 70% of people living in rural areas.

Reasons given for disliking pandemic policies are both practical and principled. Among those who say key policies were generally a bad idea, top reasons include beliefs that policies went on too long (84–87% across policies), concerns about political motivations behind policy decisions (60–81%), concerns about effects on the economy (68–91%), and perceived lack of personal choice for the people involved (75–94%). Among those who say school closures were generally a bad idea, nearly all say major reasons include their perceptions that policies had negative effects on children’s learning (97%) and mental health (91%).

“In order for all Americans to benefit from public health protections during outbreaks, leaders need to see there are opportunities to build on public receptivity, even where it is limited, and understand where people’s concerns come from,” said survey director Gillian SteelFisher , director of global polling in the Harvard Opinion Research Program and principal research scientist at Harvard Chan School. “These data suggest that keeping outbreak response policies focused on the most at-risk populations, communicating clear, limited time frames, and considering the broader economic and societal impacts of policies could go a long way to maintaining public support in the next outbreak and beyond.”

“Public health professionals need to know that these vital protections are still available in their toolboxes,” added Brian Castrucci, president and CEO of the de Beaumont Foundation “Understanding what drives resistance for some people can help inform the best ways to use and communicate about these policies should we need to call on them in the future.”

Additional findings from the poll show that Americans have differing beliefs about how severe the threat of COVID-19 was early on in the pandemic. There are very few total COVID-deniers, with only 3% saying COVID-19 was not a health threat to anyone early in the pandemic. But many say COVID-19 was not a serious health threat to everyone early on. This includes 14% who say it was a serious health threat only to people who are very old or frail and 45% who say COVID-19 was a serious health threat to more people, including people who are very old or frail as well as those with underlying medical conditions. About one third (37%) say it was a serious health threat to everyone early on. Americans who say the threat was more widespread early on are more likely to say key pandemic policies were generally a good idea.

See the poll report for full findings.

Methodology

Results are based on survey research conducted by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation. Representatives from each organization worked closely to develop the survey questionnaire, while analyses were conducted by researchers from Harvard and the fielding team at SSRS of Glen Mills, Pennsylvania.

The project team at Harvard was led by Gillian SteelFisher, principal research scientist and global polling director of the Harvard Opinion Research Program, and included Hannah Caporello, senior research projects manager, and Mary Findling , assistant director.

The project team at the de Beaumont Foundation was led by Brian Castrucci, president and CEO of the de Beaumont Foundation, and included Katy Evans, senior program officer, Emma Dewhurst, program and research associate, Mark Miller, vice president of communications, and Nalini Padmanabhan, communications director.

Interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 1,017 adults, age 18 and older, in English and Spanish online and by telephone. Respondents were reached online and by phone through the SSRS Opinion Panel, a nationally representative, probability-based panel. Panelists were randomly recruited via an Address Based Sampling (ABS) frame and from random-digit dial (RDD) samples on SSRS surveys. Most panelists completed the survey online with a small subset who do not access the internet completing by phone. The interview period was March 21 to April 2, 2024.

When interpreting findings, one should recognize that all surveys are subject to sampling error. Results may differ from what would be obtained if the whole U.S. adult population had been interviewed. The margin of error for the full sample is ±4.1 percentage points. Subgroup differences were emphasized only if they differed by at least 10 percentage points, for statistical significance and practical implications. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latino. For political party affiliation, Democrat/Republican include those who lean toward either party, and Independent includes unaffiliated adults who do not lean toward either party.

Possible sources of non-sampling error include non-response bias, as well as question wording and ordering effects. Non-response in web and telephone surveys produces some known biases in survey-derived estimates because participation tends to vary for different subgroups of the population. To compensate for these known biases and for variations in the probability of selection within and across households, sample data are weighted in a multi-step process by probability of selection and recruitment, response rates by survey type, and demographic variables (race/ethnicity, gender, age, education, region, the frequency of internet use, civic engagement, and population density) to reflect the true U.S. population. Other techniques, including random sampling, multiple contact attempts, replicate subsamples, and systematic respondent selection within households, are used to ensure that the sample is representative.

Visit the Harvard Chan School website for the  latest news ,  press releases , and  multimedia offerings .

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For more information:

Maya Brownstein [email protected]

Nalini Padmanabhan [email protected]

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health brings together dedicated experts from many disciplines to educate new generations of global health leaders and produce powerful ideas that improve the lives and health of people everywhere. As a community of leading scientists, educators, and students, we work together to take innovative ideas from the laboratory to people’s lives—not only making scientific breakthroughs, but also working to change individual behaviors, public policies, and health care practices. Each year, more than 400 faculty members at Harvard Chan teach 1,000-plus full-time students from around the world and train thousands more through online and executive education courses. Founded in 1913 as the Harvard-MIT School of Health Officers, the School is recognized as America’s oldest professional training program in public health.

Founded in 1998, the de Beaumont Foundation creates and invests in bold solutions to create communities where everyone can achieve their best possible health. Its focus is advancing policy, building partnerships, strengthening the public health system, and improving health communication. Recognizing that health is the foundation for a strong nation, de Beaumont incites action and drives change to create thriving communities and improve lives.

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Top 20: Public Policy Topics

This list comprises, in no particular order, the topics on the mind of faculty, staff, and students as we finish up 2019 and head into a new decade and the 2020 elections. Many experts at Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy experts weighed in on these topics this year. 

Michigan leaders worried about possible effects of next recession “While no one knows when the next recession will hit or how bad it will be, the economic growth clock is ticking.” – Thomas Ivacko, associate director of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy

Stevenson debunks five myths about the Fed in Washington Post “When we look at the data, we are not seeing how inflation and unemployment move in response to market forces; instead, we are seeing the Fed actively trying to keep inflation near its 2 percent target. So the relationship now reflects the Fed either undershooting or overshooting its rate.”  – Betsey Stevenson, professor of public policy; professor of economics

10% Happier: Stevenson and Wolfers talk wealth inequality and redistribution on NewsHour

“Rich people are happier than poor people, and that’s true all the way along economic distribution.” – Justin Wolfers, professor of public policy; professor of economics

“Increases in income keep making you happier, but they’re making you happier at a decreasing rate.” – Betsey Stevenson, professor of public policy; professor of economics

Wolfers’ take on Trump’s tariffs “The United States is still less protectionist than it has been throughout most of its history or than most nations are today.” – Justin Wolfers, professor of public policy; professor of economics

Environment

Democratic presidential candidates’ climate change proposals may be unrealistic, says Rabe “What this would look like, and how this would work, probably hasn’t been talked about at the dinner table in most communities. What we don’t know is whether the nominee will stay the course and keep the plan, or hedge and dial back.” – Barry Rabe, Ira and Nicki Harris Family Professor of Public Policy; Arthur F. Thurnau Professor; professor of environmental policy; professor of political science; professor of the environment

Utilities have little financial incentive to plug methane leaks “The overwhelming lesson we’ve taken from doing this research is that the price regulations we’ve relied on in the natural gas distribution sector are out of date, given our current understanding of methane’s role in climate change.” – Catherine Hausman, assistant professor of public policy

Alternative Energy

Sarah Mills work featured on This is Michigan “Wind turbines fit better in some communities than others. It depends on what their development goals are.” – Sarah Mills, senior project manager at the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy

Artificial Intelligence

Parthasarathy talks algorithms place in the criminal justice system “Technology is not neutral. Even when we think about how data is collected and stored and how we measure things, even that in and of itself has a bias.” – Shobita Parthasarathy, professor and director of the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program

Cyberattacks

Cyberattacks are major risk in elections, warns Ford School PhD “Malware seeks to steal, block or alter data. It’s the kind of code used to steal your passwords or credit card numbers. And it can also steal your vote.” – Ford School doctoral student Nadiya Kostyuk and Kenneth Geers, senior fellow with the Atlantic Council

Driverless Vehicles

Ford’s Robert Hampshire forecasts the future of autonomous vehicles Given the approximation that “autonomous vehicles averaged one disengagement [emergency scenario] every 5,000 miles…you’d need around 50,000 to 100,000 employees, distributed city by city. A network like that could operate as a subscription service, or it could be a government entity, similar to today’s air traffic control system.” – Robert Hampshire, associate professor of public policy and a research associate professor in both the U-M Transportation Research Institute’s (UMTRI) Human Factors group and Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS)

Current Political Environment

Axelrod talks “don’t fall into the zero-sum trap” and other lessons on podcast “The biggest lesson for me is don’t fall into the zero-sum trap. Whenever we think of things as a rivalry or a competition, we tend to immediately fall into the simple-minded thinking that it’s a zero-sum game…it’s usually opportunities that are mutually advantageous that are overlooked if you take that approach.” – Robert Axelrod, member of the National Academy of Sciences and former MacArthur Prize Fellow,  Walgreen Professor for the Study of Human Understanding at the University of Michigan. Axelrod has appointments in the Department of Political Science and the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy.

National Debt

Lowering national debt is as easy as 1, 2, $4.95 billion! “The longer we wait to do so, the more burden the current generation will have to take on compared to the baby boomer generation.” – Tyler Evilsizer, Deputy Policy Director for the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB) and guest speaker at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy

Immigration

Withdrawing from the Flores Agreement could keep immigration lawyers in dark, Vieux says “We’re going to see a lot more people detained for longer periods of time in facilities that are not licensed, and significant physical- and mental-health ramifications for the children that we serve.” – Hardy Vieux (MPP/JD ’97), Towsley Policymaker in Residence at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy and vice president, legal at Human Rights First

Health Care

Iovan and Lantz discuss their latest research on super-utilizers “There are two major reasons behind the drive to reduce emergency care use. First, the emergency department is not the best place to receive primary care. Super-utilizers use the ED for a number of reasons other than having a medical emergency.” – Paula Lantz, associate dean for Academic Affairs; professor of Public Policy, James B. Hudak Professor of Health Policy

“Many studies of super-utilizers find that health care use and costs go down the year after the intervention. However, a big problem is that we see this even without an intervention. This is in part because the people in the ‘super-utilizer’ group change somewhat from year to year.”- Samantha Iovan, staff at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy

“We really want to stress the importance of conducting more high-quality evaluation research in this area. These patients certainly have many medical and social needs that have to be addressed, but the current research literature does not provide the evidence to support claims that super-utilizer interventions that are spreading across health care systems are actual working.” – Mahshid Abir, Department of Emergency Medicine at U-M Medical School

Shaefer warns of Medicaid work requirement risks “This should include the highest-quality experimental or quasi-experimental testing of employment, health outcomes and economic impact. Doing so would set Michigan apart in its commitment to really understanding the full impact of work requirements.” – H. Luke Shaefer, PhD, director of Poverty Solutions at U-M, and associate professor at the University of Michigan, School of Social Work, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy and Marianne Udow-Phillips, executive director of the Center for Health and Research Transformation

Ivacko discusses opioid interventions on Michigan Radio “If they don’t have someone to turn to or a helping hand in these difficult times, it’s just that much harder for them to try to take a step forward.” – Thomas Ivacko, associate director of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy

Levitsky warns of consequences from marijuana legalization in Michigan “Keeping marijuana products away from vulnerable youth will require more vigilance and state and local intervention than when marijuana was banned.” – Melvyn Levitsky, professor of international policy and practice at the Ford School, and Kevin Sabet, president of Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM)

Ivacko makes sense of the recreational marijuana ‘haze’ If a chief of police or county sheriff feels it’s important to follow federal law, and a county administrator or a city mayor feels it’s important to follow state law, well, that’s a tough place to be for public officials. And so, opting out, you know, is a way to avoid those kinds of challenges.” – Thomas Ivacko, associate director of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy

National Security

Ali proposes a commission to fight domestic terror “Our country still faces the possibility of additional attacks that will raise the same questions about why the government is not doing more to stop the violence.” – Javed Ali, a Towsley Policymaker in Residence at the University of Michigan’s Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, and Josh Kirshner, former special assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security

Scott Atran et al look at cognitive triggers for extremist violence through brain scans “In this new effort, we sought to learn more about what goes on in the minds of people who have expressed a willingness to die for a cause that is based on sacred values—in this case, sympathizers of an Al-Qaeda associate called Lashkar-et Taiba.” – Scott Atran, adjunct research professor

Pilkauskas finds Earned Income Tax Credit helps low-income moms live on their own “The rule of thumb is that it is generally good to pay less than 30% of your income in rent—but in our study, half of mothers paid more than 50% of their earnings on rent. Increasing the EITC by $1,000 reduced severe housing cost burdens by 5 percentage points.” – Natasha Pilkaukas, assistant professor of public policy

Poverty Solutions & CLOSUP new report find local officials believe many Michigan residents struggle to make ends meet “Economic recovery across Michigan in the wake of the Great Recession has been uneven.  Despite a very low unemployment rate, this survey finds poverty and economic hardship are widespread and common challenges exist in all kinds of communities.” – Tom Ivacko, associate director of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy

Natasha Pilkaukas’ research on three-generation household receives Michigan Minds spotlight “I’m really interested in thinking about what we can do to help children thrive. Who is in the household matters for kids.” – Natasha Pilkaukas, assistant professor of public policy

Higher Education

Dynarski’s work on school day SAT testing cited in Inside Higher Ed analysis of the 2019 test results “Universal testing alone will not get disadvantaged students into college. But it produces small, discernible increases in college attendance, especially at four-year colleges.” – Susan Dynarski, a professor of public policy, education and economics

Seefeldt offers insight on student debt trends on Michigan Radio “So while [these students] may be qualifying for financial aid, financial aid has not kept pace with rising college costs. So you have students who have more need, but the types of grants and aid we can give them is just not there.” – Kristin Seefeldt, professor of public policy and social work

Jason Owen-Smith warns of “serious risks” when universities cater to an industry “I think a narrow focus that closely aligns university work with near-term business needs is perilous.” – Jason Owen-Smith, professor of sociology and public policy

Alternative Transportation

Hampshire receives National Science Foundation Convergence Accelerator grant Robert Hampshire, associate professor of public policy at the Ford School and associate research professor at Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), was awarded a $948,182 grant by the National Science Foundation’s Convergence Accelerator (C-Accel) to study how all Americans’ quality of life and economic prosperity can be improved by recent transportation innovations like ridesourcing and driverless vehicles.

K-12 Education

More harm than good? Professor Brian Jacob criticizes the continued turnover of accountability systems for Michigan schools I think we need more stability in the political and policy environment…to allow the people on the ground to focus on the actual work at hand.” – Brian Jacob, Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Education Policy; professor of public policy; professor of economics; professor of education

Infrastructure

Leiser and Mills contribute to resources for new Michigan Lead and Copper Rule “As part of a project led by the University of Michigan’s Water Center and funded by the C.S. Mott Foundation, we have explored some of the challenges associated with financing LSL replacement under the revised Lead and Copper Rule.” – Sarah Mills, senior project manager at the Ford School’s Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) and Stephanie Leiser, lecturer at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy

Who makes the call? Thacher and Gillooly advocate for 911 operator training “There is a lot of ambiguity on the part of callers, and it would rarely be appropriate to criminally punish them, because there are just so many judgment calls.” – David Thacher, associate professor of public policy and urban planning

“Operators need agency support to train them on how to handle such callers, and protocols about when calls can be appropriately rejected so as to reduce operators’ liability.” – Jessica Gillooly, PhD student

Voter Turnout and Election Reform

Yusuf Neggers discusses latest research with VoxDev “We might think that these information constraints are particularly important in rural areas where you have lower literacy rates and probably lower penetration from radio, television, newspapers, that might otherwise provide information.” – Yusuf Neggers, an assistant professor of public policy

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Policing and Violence

Featured Expert(s)

Andrew v. papachristos.

Sociologist Andrew V. Papachristos’ research aims to understand how the connected nature of cities affect what we feel, think, and do. His main area of research applies network science to the study of gun violence, police misconduct, illegal gun markets, street gangs, and urban neighborhoods.

Research Roundup

Chicago community violence intervention program reduces gun violence.

IPR director and sociologist  Andrew Papachristos , and  CORNERS ’ Marisa Ross and Erin Ochoa, recently  conducted  a study, published in the  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , to determine the effect of the Chicago Create Real Economic Destiny (CRED) program on the participants’ experience with violence. The results  indicated that those who completed the entire program were over 73% less likely to be arrested for a violent crime in the two years post-completion, as compared to the individuals who did not complete the program. 

Shortcomings Revealed in Chicago’s Implementation of Community Policing Initiative

A report   by researchers at   CORNERS   (The Center for Neighborhood Engaged Research and Science) assesses the impact of one such strategy — a pilot community policing initiative adopted in 2019 by the Chicago Police Department in partnership with the Policing Project at New York University (NYU) — found the promising Chicago Neighborhood Policing Initiative (CNPI) has shown no conclusive impact on public safety, likely due to the Chicago Police Department’s failure to fully implement CNPI.

Community Violence Interventionists Face On-The-Job Violence, Trauma

Research co-led by IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos and David Hureau of the University at Albany published in   Science Advances   reveals that 59% of  community violence intervention workers  witnessed someone being shot at, and 32% witnessed a victim struck by gunfire. During work hours, 20% were shot at, and 2% were shot and wounded.

New Study Shows What Community Violence Intervention Workers Face When Responding to Gun Violence

Co-led by IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos and David Hureau of the University at Albany, the survey draws attention to the high exposure to violence that street outreach workers face on the job. The researchers find that 60% of violence intervention workers in Chicago have witnessed a shooting attempt, 32% have seen someone else get shot while at work, and 20% have been shot at while at work. Another 2% have been shot at and injured on the job. 

Identifying Networks of Cops Engaging in Misconduct and Criminal Behavior

New research led by IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos identifies hidden networks of officers engaging in misconduct and criminal behavior within police organizations. The study reveals that police misconduct is a group phenomenon contributing to a disproportionate number of arrests in minority communities.

Papachristos and his co-authors used insights from three known cases of police corruption—including the ongoing case of ex-Chicago Police Sergeant Ronald Watts, whose team ran an extortion racket at a Chicago housing project for more than a decade—to create a statistical model to identify possible crews of cops engaging in misconduct and, at times, criminal behavior. The model was then used to analyze publicly available complaint and arrest data on Chicago police officers from 1971 to 2018.

Police Misconduct Tied to Higher Rates of Preterm Delivery, Heart Disease Among Black Women

IPR postdoctoral fellow Alexa Freedman , IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos , IPR health psychologist Greg Miller , and their colleagues examine everyday forms of police misconduct and the health outcomes of women. The 10-year analysis shows police violence is linked to higher rates of cardiovascular disease and preterm delivery among Black women, suggesting that the consequences of police misconduct may begin in utero.

Communities Partnering 4 Peace (CP4P) Preliminary Individual Results

A report by CORNERS looks at the impact of  Communities Partnering 4 Peace  (CP4P), a Chicago collaboration of outreach and victim services organizations. N3 finds that CP4P has served about 3,600 people since July 2017. N3 concludes, preliminarily, that CP4P successfully locates those people at highest risk of being victims of gun violence, potentially increases positive outcomes such as more education and employment, and potentially reduces the risk of involvement in gun violence.

Reaching and Connecting: Preliminary Results from Chicago CRED’s Impact on Gun Violence Involvement

CORNERS   examines 234 men who entered the CRED program in 2019 from Roseland and West Pullman in a report. Early results suggest that CRED (a) successfully locates high-risk populations, (b) successfully connects participants to intensive programming, and (c) potentially reduces the risk of involvement of gun violence of its participants in the short term. Overall, the number of fatal and non-fatal gunshot injuries across all CRED participants decreased by nearly 50%, and the number of arrests for violent crimes fell 48% in the 18 months following the start of participation in the program.

New Community Policing Program Shows Some Positive Progress, But Requires More Work

This CORNERS  report on the Chicago Neighborhood Policing Initiative (CNPI) finds challenges arose due to the pandemic, aftermath of George Floyd, and Chicago’s high rates of shootings and gun deaths.  However, N3 also found that the police and community participants show some positive changes, such as greater police visibility, more police attention to community concerns, and, most importantly, more meaningful interpersonal interactions between residents and police officers.

Why Individuals at the Highest Risk of Gun Violence Choose Chicago CRED

This  report  by CORNERS identifies how a street outreach program run by Chicago CRED (Creating Real Economic Destiny) not only identifies but also engages such individuals. It details the experiences of participants in the program, highlighting how they perceive the violence that surrounds them, as well as why they joined and choose to stay in CRED.

A Network Analysis of Three Weekends of Shootings in Chicago, June 18–July 5

This report examines the shootings and homicides that occurred during one of the most severe upticks of gun violence in 2020—the two-week period between Father’s Day and the Fourth of July Weekend, June 18 to July 5, 2020. By delving more deeply into this period, the report aims to illustrate how understanding the networks in which gun violence occurred during an especially deadly outbreak of violence might inform policy and practice.

Managing Multiple Pandemics: How Street Outreach Workers Are Addressing Gun Violence and COVID-19

This report details how how street outreach workers are currently dealing with three pandemics: gun violence, the coronavirus, and racism and police violence. Data show that the neighborhoods covered by outreach workers affiliated with Communities Partnering 4 Peace (CP4P) were the very same neighborhoods with Chicago’s highest rates of COVID-19.

New Research Shows That the Typical Homicide Victim Is in Their Late 20s

CORNERS 's latest report   shows that in 2019 the average age of a homicide victim in Chicago was 29 years of age and the median age was 27 years old, meaning that a typical homicide victim is in his or her 20s. Over the past decade, the median has fluctuated between 24 and 28 years old, and Chicago has seen a 71% decrease in the number of victims 12 or younger since the 1990s.

Review of the Evanston Police Department’s Use of Force Policy

CORNERS delivered a report to the City of Evanston reviewing its use of force policy and data for its police department, offering recommendations to strengthen the policy, which in turn, may lead to additional reforms aimed at greater equity, transparency, and accountability . The report was discussed at a city council meeting and is being reviewed by Evanston’s Human Services Committee.

Communities Partnering for Peace (CP4P) Street Outreach: The Moments that Matter

As the research partner for CP4P, CORNERS uses quantitative and qualitative methods to study its impact.  While analysis of administrative and survey data illuminates a wide range of behaviors and outcomes, they cannot fully describe the full spectrum of potential participant outcomes. Therefore, CP4P and CORNERS  launched a qualitative study to provide a more holistic account of participants' lives and experiences with street outreach.

Chicago Community Policing Initiative Shows Promise

In january 2019, the chicago police department (cpd) in collaboration with the policing project at new york university school of law launched the   chicago neighborhood policing initiative (cnpi).  as cnpi’s research and evaluation partner, corners began evaluating cnpi during the initial rollout, and has found results that suggest both community and police believe cnpi to be useful for building trust and fostering meaningful community engagement., retraining police to reduce complaints and misconduct.

IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos , IPR postdoctoral fellow George Wood , and Yale’s Tom Tyler conducted a rigorous evaluation of whether training nearly 8,500 officers in procedural justice strategies from January 2012 to March 2016 would reduce use of force. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , the procedural justice model emphasizes listening and responding to people in the community, and treating the public with dignity, courtesy, and respect.

Preliminary Neighborhood Level Impact Analysis Communities Partnering 4 Peace

In the summer of 2017, eight outreach organizations in Chicago joined together to create a comprehensive, long-term intervention to combat gun violence and gang activity. The initiative, Communities Partnering 4 Peace (CP4P), partnered with CORNERS , is mobilizing a four-pillar approach to violence. This brief presents preliminary results of a community-level analysis, looking at what happened to gun violence trends in CP4P treatment communities from 2017–19.

Networks and Police Misconduct

A recent analysis by IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos and his colleagues of police officers’ work networks finds that officers who worked with others who were accused of misuse of force were more likely to also be involved in misuse of force.

The Network Structure of Police Misconduct 

In research published in Nature Human Behaviour , IPR sociologist Andrew Papachristos , IPR postdoctoral fellow George Wood, and Daria Roithmayr of the University of Southern California discover that police misconduct is concentrated in networks. They explore the role of gender, race, and tenure in the networks and recommend steps to decrease complaints against officers.

Predicting Police Misconduct

Civilian allegations can predict which police officers pose the highest risk for serious misconduct. The allegations can serve as an early warning system to reduce misconduct and save cities money, according to a study co-authored by law professor and IPR associate Max Schanzenbach .

Environmental Policy Research Paper Topics

This page is designed to provide students with a comprehensive list of environmental policy research paper topics , expert advice on how to select the most suitable topic, and guidelines on how to write an impactful research paper on environmental policy. Additionally, the page introduces iResearchNet’s professional writing services, which can assist students in crafting custom research papers on any environmental policy topic. The services offered by iResearchNet are characterized by their high quality, in-depth research, custom formatting, and timely delivery, among other features.

100 Environmental Policy Research Paper Topics

The field of environmental policy is vast and diverse, offering a multitude of topics for research. This section provides a comprehensive list of environmental policy research paper topics, divided into ten categories with ten topics in each. These topics span a wide range of issues, from policy analysis and international environmental policy to the role of environmental policy in various sectors.

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Policy Analysis

• The effectiveness of the Clean Air Act in urban areas.
• The impact of the Endangered Species Act on biodiversity conservation.
• The role of the Environmental Protection Agency in enforcing environmental laws.
• The influence of the Kyoto Protocol on global greenhouse gas emissions.
• The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement in mitigating climate change.
• The role of policy in promoting renewable energy adoption.
• The impact of environmental policy on industrial pollution.
• The role of policy in managing water resources.
• The effectiveness of policy in controlling deforestation.
• The impact of environmental policy on sustainable agriculture.

 International Environmental Policy

• The role of the United Nations in shaping global environmental policy.
• The impact of international treaties on national environmental policies.
• The role of international law in protecting the global commons.
• The effectiveness of international cooperation in addressing climate change.
• The role of trade agreements in promoting environmental sustainability.
• The impact of international policy on biodiversity conservation.
• The role of the World Bank in promoting sustainable development.
• The influence of international policy on national renewable energy adoption.
• The effectiveness of international policy in controlling marine pollution.
• The impact of international policy on global deforestation.

Environmental Policy and Economics

• The role of environmental policy in shaping economic development.
• The impact of environmental regulations on business operations.
• The influence of economic incentives on environmental protection.
• The effectiveness of market-based environmental policies.
• The role of environmental policy in promoting green jobs.
• The impact of environmental taxes on pollution levels.
• The role of economic analysis in environmental policy-making.
• The influence of environmental policy on consumer behavior.
• The effectiveness of economic instruments in promoting renewable energy.
• The impact of environmental policy on economic inequality.

Environmental Policy and Politics

• The role of political institutions in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of political ideology on environmental policy-making.
• The influence of public opinion on environmental policy.
• The effectiveness of political activism in promoting environmental protection.
• The role of political parties in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of lobbying on environmental policy-making.
• The role of political leadership in promoting environmental sustainability.
• The influence of electoral politics on environmental policy.
• The effectiveness of political campaigns in promoting environmental awareness.
• The impact of political conflict on environmental policy implementation.

Environmental Policy and Law

• The role of legal institutions in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of environmental laws on pollution levels.
• The influence of legal precedents on environmental policy-making.
• The effectiveness of environmental litigation in promoting environmental protection.
• The role of legal sanctions in enforcing environmental laws.
• The impact of legal rights on environmental policy-making.
• The role of the judiciary in interpreting environmental laws.
• The influence of constitutional law on environmental policy.
• The effectiveness of legal instruments in promoting environmental justice.
• The impact of legal reforms on environmental policy implementation.

Environmental Policy and Society

• The role of social movements in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of societal values on environmental policy-making.
• The influence of social norms on environmental behavior.
• The effectiveness of social marketing in promoting environmental protection.
• The role of societal institutions in enforcing environmental norms.
• The impact of social inequality on environmental policy outcomes.
• The role of social science research in informing environmental policy.
• The influence of societal change on environmental policy evolution.
• The effectiveness of social policies in promoting environmental justice.
• The impact of social media on environmental policy debates.

Environmental Policy and Technology

• The role of technological innovation in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of environmental policy on technological development.
• The influence of technology diffusion on environmental outcomes.
• The effectiveness of technology policy in promoting environmental sustainability.
• The role of technology assessment in environmental policy-making.
• The impact of information technology on environmental awareness.
• The role of technology transfer in international environmental policy.
• The influence of emerging technologies on environmental policy challenges.
• The effectiveness of technology standards in reducing environmental impacts.
• The impact of technology-driven changes on environmental policy needs.

Environmental Policy and Education

• The role of environmental education in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of environmental policy on education systems.
• The influence of educational attainment on environmental attitudes.
• The effectiveness of education policy in promoting environmental literacy.
• The role of schools in fostering environmental citizenship.
• The impact of environmental curriculum on student outcomes.
• The role of higher education in advancing environmental research.
• The influence of educational resources on environmental awareness.
• The effectiveness of environmental education programs in changing behavior.
• The impact of education reform on environmental learning opportunities.

Environmental Policy and Health

• The role of health considerations in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of environmental policy on public health outcomes.
• The influence of health research on environmental risk assessment.
• The effectiveness of health policy in addressing environmental health risks.
• The role of health impact assessments in environmental policy-making.
• The impact of environmental exposures on health disparities.
• The role of health agencies in enforcing environmental regulations.
• The influence of health advocacy on environmental policy debates.
• The effectiveness of health-based standards in controlling environmental hazards.
• The impact of health care practices on environmental sustainability.

Environmental Policy and the Future

• The role of future scenarios in shaping environmental policy.
• The impact of environmental policy on future generations.
• The influence of future-oriented thinking on environmental decision-making.
• The effectiveness of policy measures in addressing future environmental risks.
• The role of foresight methods in environmental policy planning.
• The impact of future technological changes on environmental policy needs.
• The role of future studies in informing environmental policy debates.
• The influence of future uncertainties on environmental policy strategies.
• The effectiveness of future-proofing measures in environmental policy design.
• The impact of future climate changes on environmental policy responses.

In conclusion, the field of environmental policy offers a wealth of research topics that can cater to various interests and academic requirements. Whether you’re interested in policy analysis, international environmental policy, environmental economics, or any other aspect of environmental policy, there’s a topic for you. Remember, the key to a successful research paper is choosing a topic that not only interests you but also aligns with your academic and career goals.

Environmental Policy Research Guide

In today’s world, environmental issues have become a pressing concern, requiring urgent attention and action. As our planet faces complex challenges such as climate change, pollution, deforestation, and resource depletion, it has become crucial to understand the role of environmental policy in addressing these issues. Environmental policy plays a pivotal role in shaping regulations, laws, and initiatives aimed at preserving and protecting our natural environment.

This page serves as a valuable resource for students studying environmental science and engaging in research paper writing. Here, we delve into the realm of environmental policy research and provide a comprehensive guide to help students explore this fascinating field. By delving into the various aspects of environmental policy research, students can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between policy decisions and environmental outcomes.

The primary objective of this page is to equip students with the necessary knowledge and tools to embark on their own environmental policy research journey. By delving into diverse environmental policy research paper topics and providing expert advice on topic selection, we aim to inspire students to explore the multifaceted world of environmental policy and contribute meaningfully to the field.

As students, you have the power to influence the future of environmental policy through your research and insights. By examining the intersection of environmental science and policy, you can contribute to the development of effective strategies and solutions that promote sustainability, conservation, and equitable environmental outcomes.

Throughout this page, we will explore a comprehensive list of environmental policy research paper topics, spanning various categories and addressing critical issues in environmental governance. Additionally, we will provide expert advice on how to choose suitable research topics within the realm of environmental policy. Furthermore, we will guide you through the process of writing an impactful environmental policy research paper, offering essential tips to enhance your writing and research skills.

Moreover, we understand the challenges that students face when it comes to meeting academic deadlines and the need for high-quality, well-researched papers. To address these needs, we introduce our writing services, where you can order a custom environmental policy research paper on any topic of your choice. Our team of expert degree-holding writers is dedicated to providing you with top-quality, customized solutions tailored to your specific requirements. With our in-depth research, adherence to custom formatting styles, and flexible pricing options, we strive to make your experience seamless and successful.

By combining your passion for environmental science with our expertise in research and writing, together, we can make a meaningful impact in the field of environmental policy. So, whether you are just beginning your research journey or seeking assistance with your environmental policy research paper, we are here to support you every step of the way.

Choosing an Environmental Policy Topic

Choosing the right research topic is a critical step in the process of writing an impactful environmental policy research paper. With a plethora of issues and areas to explore within the realm of environmental policy, it can be challenging to narrow down your focus and select a topic that is both relevant and engaging. To assist you in this endeavor, we have compiled expert advice and 10 essential tips to guide you in choosing environmental policy research paper topics that are meaningful, well-defined, and aligned with your interests and academic goals.

• Identify your passion and interests : Start by reflecting on your personal interests within the field of environmental policy. What aspects of environmental governance intrigue you the most? By choosing a topic that resonates with your passion, you will be more motivated and engaged throughout the research and writing process.
• Stay updated with current issues : Environmental policy is a rapidly evolving field, with new challenges and developments emerging constantly. Stay informed about current environmental issues, policy debates, and emerging trends to identify timely and relevant environmental policy research paper topics that contribute to ongoing discussions and address pressing concerns.
• Consider the scope and depth of the topic : Assess the scope and depth of the topic you wish to explore. Is it broad enough to provide a comprehensive analysis, or does it require further refinement to ensure a focused and manageable research paper? Strike a balance between a topic that is sufficiently narrow to allow in-depth analysis and one that is broad enough to provide substantial content.
• Conduct a preliminary literature review : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct a preliminary literature review to familiarize yourself with existing scholarship and research gaps in the field of environmental policy. This will help you identify areas that have been extensively studied and areas that require further exploration, providing valuable insights for topic selection.
• Consider the policy context : Environmental policy is shaped by various social, political, economic, and cultural factors. When selecting a research topic, consider the policy context within which it operates. Analyze the stakeholders, policy frameworks, and implementation challenges associated with your chosen topic to ensure its relevance and significance.
• Engage in interdisciplinary perspectives : Environmental policy research often requires an interdisciplinary approach. Consider incorporating perspectives from other disciplines such as economics, sociology, law, or public health to enrich your analysis and provide a holistic understanding of the environmental policy issue you are investigating.
• Seek inspiration from real-world case studies : Real-world case studies provide valuable insights and practical implications for environmental policy research. Look for successful or failed policy interventions, case studies of environmental conflicts, or instances where policy measures have made a substantial impact. These examples can serve as a source of inspiration and provide a solid foundation for your research.
• Evaluate the feasibility of data collection : Before finalizing your research topic, consider the availability of data and the feasibility of data collection. Determine if the necessary data sources, such as government reports, surveys, or existing datasets, are accessible for your chosen topic. Adequate data availability is essential for conducting rigorous and evidence-based research.
• Consider the social and environmental justice dimensions : Environmental policy intersects with social and environmental justice issues. Explore environmental policy research paper topics that address issues of equity, inclusivity, and the distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. Consider how your research can contribute to advancing social and environmental justice within the realm of environmental policy.
• Seek guidance from mentors and experts : Engage in discussions with your mentors, professors, and experts in the field of environmental policy. Seek their guidance and input during the topic selection process. They can provide valuable insights, suggest relevant literature, and help you refine your research topic to ensure its academic rigor and contribution to the field.

By following these expert tips, you will be able to choose an environmental policy research paper topic that aligns with your interests, contributes to the existing body of knowledge, and addresses critical environmental challenges. Remember, the topic you choose is the foundation of your research, and investing time and effort in selecting the right one will set the stage for a successful and impactful research paper.

How to Write an Environmental Policy Research Paper

Writing an environmental policy research paper requires careful planning, critical analysis, and effective communication of ideas. To assist you in navigating the process and producing a high-quality research paper, we have compiled ten essential tips that will guide you from the initial stages of research to the final writing and presentation of your findings. Follow these steps to ensure that your environmental policy research paper is well-structured, thoroughly researched, and effectively communicated.

• Define your research question : Start by clearly defining your research question or objective. This will serve as the guiding principle throughout your research and help maintain focus and clarity in your paper. Ensure that your research question is specific, relevant, and aligned with the broader objectives of environmental policy research.
• Conduct a comprehensive literature review : Before diving into your own research, conduct a thorough literature review to familiarize yourself with existing scholarship on the topic. Identify key theories, concepts, and empirical studies that have shaped the understanding of environmental policy in your chosen area. This will help you situate your research within the existing body of knowledge and identify research gaps.
• Develop a coherent research methodology : Based on your research question, identify and employ appropriate research methods and data collection techniques. Consider whether your research requires qualitative or quantitative approaches, primary or secondary data, surveys, interviews, or case studies. Justify your chosen methodology and ensure that it aligns with the research question and objectives.
• Collect and analyze data : Collect data in accordance with your research methodology and analyze it using appropriate analytical tools and techniques. Ensure that you maintain a systematic approach to data collection, organization, and analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of your findings. Use data visualization techniques to present your results effectively.
• Use theoretical frameworks and conceptual models : Incorporate relevant theoretical frameworks and conceptual models into your research paper to provide a theoretical foundation for your analysis. These frameworks will help you analyze and interpret your findings in the context of existing theories and concepts in environmental policy.
• Consider policy implications : Environmental policy research aims to inform policy-making and contribute to the development of effective environmental policies. Analyze the policy implications of your findings and provide recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders. Consider the feasibility and practicality of your recommendations within the political and institutional context.
• Structure your paper effectively : Follow a clear and logical structure for your research paper. Include sections such as an introduction, literature review, research methodology, findings and analysis, discussion, conclusion, and references. Use headings and subheadings to organize your content and facilitate readability.
• Write in a clear and concise manner : Communicate your ideas in a clear and concise manner, using language that is accessible to your target audience. Avoid jargon and technical terms unless necessary, and provide clear explanations for complex concepts. Use proper grammar, punctuation, and citation style to maintain academic integrity.
• Support your arguments with evidence : Ensure that your arguments are supported by robust evidence and relevant examples. Cite credible sources such as academic journals, government reports, and reputable organizations to strengthen the validity of your claims. Include both primary and secondary sources to provide a well-rounded perspective.
• Revise, edit, and proofread : Take the time to revise, edit, and proofread your research paper to ensure clarity, coherence, and accuracy. Check for consistency in formatting, citations, and references. Read your paper multiple times, and consider seeking feedback from peers or mentors to identify areas for improvement.

By following these tips, you will be able to produce an environmental policy research paper that is well-researched, well-structured, and contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field. Remember to allocate sufficient time for each stage of the research process, seek guidance from your professors or mentors, and maintain a disciplined approach to your work.

Custom Research Paper Writing Services

When it comes to tackling a complex and important topic like environmental policy, it’s understandable that you may seek assistance in crafting a well-researched and insightful research paper. At iResearchNet, we offer custom writing services tailored to meet the unique needs of students studying environmental science. Our team of expert writers, with advanced degrees in environmental science and related fields, is committed to delivering high-quality, customized research papers that adhere to academic standards and address the specific requirements of your assignment. Here are 13 features that set our writing services apart:

• Expert degree-holding writers : Our team consists of experienced writers with advanced degrees in environmental science and related disciplines. They have the expertise and knowledge to tackle complex environmental policy topics with precision.
• Custom written works : We understand the importance of originality and tailor each research paper to meet your specific requirements. Our writers start from scratch and create unique, plagiarism-free content for every order.
• In-depth research : Our writers are skilled researchers who are adept at conducting comprehensive literature reviews and gathering relevant data to support your environmental policy research.
• Custom formatting : We follow the required citation styles and formatting guidelines to ensure that your research paper meets the academic standards and is properly formatted.
• Top quality : We are committed to delivering high-quality research papers that demonstrate critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep understanding of environmental policy issues.
• Customized solutions : We understand that each research paper is unique, and we tailor our approach to meet your specific research objectives and requirements. Our writers work closely with you to ensure that your paper reflects your ideas and perspective.
• Flexible pricing : We offer competitive and flexible pricing options to accommodate the budgetary constraints of students. We strive to provide affordable services without compromising on quality.
• Short deadlines : We understand that deadlines can be tight, and we are equipped to handle urgent orders. Our writers work efficiently to deliver quality research papers even within short timeframes.
• Timely delivery : We prioritize timely delivery and understand the importance of submitting your research paper on time. You can rely on us to meet your deadlines without compromising the quality of your paper.
• 24/7 support : Our customer support team is available round the clock to assist you with any queries or concerns you may have. We are dedicated to providing a seamless and responsive support system throughout the writing process.
• Absolute privacy : We prioritize the confidentiality of our clients. Your personal information and order details are kept strictly confidential, and we have robust measures in place to ensure data security.
• Easy order tracking : Our user-friendly platform allows you to track the progress of your order and communicate directly with your assigned writer. You can stay updated on the status of your research paper at every stage.
• Money back guarantee : We are committed to your satisfaction. If, for any reason, you are not fully satisfied with the final research paper, we offer a money-back guarantee to ensure your peace of mind.

By choosing iResearchNet for your custom environmental policy research paper, you can be confident that you are working with a trusted and reliable service provider. Our dedicated team of writers and support staff is committed to delivering a research paper that meets your academic requirements and exceeds your expectations. Place your order today and let us assist you in achieving your academic goals.

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