bibtex dissertation template

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Citation Management Tools: BibTeX

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BibTeX Reference Formatting

B ib T E X references are formatted in the following style:

@type { unique_identifier ,    field1 = "value",    field2 = "value",    field3 = "value",     ... }

Field values can either be enclosed in quotes, as above, or in curly braces (e.g.  field1 = {value} )

The  @type  field identifies the type of resource. Common types include:

• @conference (or @proceedings )
• @inbook (book chapter/section)
• @mastersthesis
• @misc (outside the normal categories, used for websites)

Various fields are available to use. Standard ones include:

• author (i.e. city)
• address  

BibTeX Basics

B ib T E X is the bibliographic side of L A T E X.  Technically speaking, B ib T E X is a specific program which  processes bibliographic data and interfaces between . tex  and .bib files.  However, it is used as a catch-all term for a number of L A T E X  bibliographic tools with  similar functionality. Collectively, these tools get lumped into the term “B ib T E X.”  In essence “using B ib T E X” has come to mean managing references in a .bib file, rather than doing them by hand.

Every B ib T E X citation needs a unique identifier. This is the first item after the opening curly brace, as shown in the example to the left. A best practice is to use a standard system for assigning identifiers, such as the author's last name and year (e.g. sackson1969 ).

Though they all work similarly, each bibliographic tool in  L A T E X has its own syntax. The UPenn dissertation template  uses the  natbib  package, in which the standard citation command is \citep{ identifier } . As an example, suppose you want to cite the following reference:

@book{  engel1961,    author = "Leonard Engel",    title = "Medicine Makers of Kalamazoo",    publisher = "McGraw-Hill",    address = "New York",    year = "1961" }

In your .tex file, use the command \citep{ engel1961 } . By default, the citation will be display as [Engel, 1961] . If you are using the UPenn dissertation template, the citations are pre-formatted, so it will instead display as (Engel, 1961) .

In order to use natbib , you must first add the proper commands to your .tex file. ( NOTE: If you are using the UPenn dissertation template, these commands are already included, so you can skip this step. ) There are three standard commands. The first two go in the preamble:

\usepackage{ natbib } \bibliographystyle{ plainnat }

And the last one goes just before the \end{ document }  command:

\bibliography{ filename }

Note that the filename does not include the .bib  extension.

There are various ways to customize your references and citations. Ample documentation can be found on Overleaf and elsewhere.

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Helpful Links

• Overleaf (natbib) Overleaf's information about bibliography management with natbib.
• Linking Overleaf to Mendeley/Zotero Overleaf's information about linking to citation management programs.
• UPenn Dissertation Template The official UPenn dissertation template.
• LaTeX LibGuide Penn Libraries' LibGuide about using LaTeX.
• Penn Libraries LaTeX Instruction A series of instructional videos demonstrating how to use LaTeX.
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• Last Updated: Feb 28, 2024 4:55 PM
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Overleaf for LaTeX Theses & Dissertations: Home

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Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX is a file format used for lists of references for LaTeX documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate BibTeX files of your library or folders for use in your LaTeX documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks has a Bibliography Management page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

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How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the Overleaf Gallery .

You can upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other tutorial videos  if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

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5-part Guide on How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX

5-part LaTeX Thesis Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex corresponding video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract corresponding video

ShareLaTeX Joins Overleaf!

Read more about Overleaf and ShareLaTeX joining forces here

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LaTeX Theses and Dissertatons

Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in  Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX  is a file format used for lists of references for  LaTeX  documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate  BibTeX  files of your library or folders for use in your  LaTeX  documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks   has a  Bibliography Management  page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf   here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

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Getting Started with Your Thesis or Dissertation

How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the  Overleaf Gallery .

You can  upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery   if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other  tutorial videos   if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

How to Write your Thesis/Dissertation in LaTeX: A Five-Part Guide

Five-Part LaTeX Thesis/Dissertation  Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure   corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout   corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding  video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex  corresponding  video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract   corresponding  video

Link Your ORCID

Link yo ur  ORCiD  account  to your  Overleaf account  via the  ORCID @ CMU Portal

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• Last Updated: Oct 4, 2023 9:31 AM
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CWRU CSE LaTeX Thesis Template

• CSE LaTeX Dissertation Template The 2022 version template provided by Prof. Frank Ernst, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
• CWRU Dissertation Template on Overleaf Template created by Prof. Bryan Schmidt (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering).
• CWRU Dissertation Microsoft Word Template Microsoft Word template created based on the dissertation template Created by Prof. Bryan Schmidt (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering) on Overleaf.

Beginning Spring 2023, electronic theses and dissertations (ETD) submitted for graduation requirements should meet the School of Graduate Studies’ Minimum Digital Accessibility Standards (MDAS). Established based on CWRU guidelines and the new OhioLINK recommendations on digital accessibility, the MDAS are as follows:

• PDF file includes full text
• PDF accessibility permission flag is checked
• Text language of the PDF is specified
• Figures and images require alternative text
• PDF includes a title and headings for major sections of the document

For more details see School of Graduate Studies website .

Currently, since it is very difficult to to produce an accessible document via LaTeX on the front end, documents written in LaTeX can be made accessible after conversion to PDF. Instructions on making PDF file accessible are available on the School of Graduate Studies website .

LaTeX and BibTeX

LaTeX (pronounced Lah-tech) is an open source markup language used for typesetting a large variety of documents types. The advantage over any other word processor is that it has good control over large documents and complex layouts documents, allows typesetting of complex mathematical formula, special fonts or characters, tables and figures, as well as typesetting of multi-lingual documents. LaTeX also facilitates automatic generation of bibliographies and indexes. For these reasons, LaTeX is preferred in science and engineering writing.

To run LaTeX on the personal computer, one have to install one of the TeX distribution packages. LaTeX can be used without installation using an online platforms like Overleaf that makes collaborative writing and publishing much quicker and easier . Other online platforms are Papeeria and LaTeX base .

BibTeX is the native format style for citations used in LaTeX. With BibTeX, each reference is typed once, and citations and reference list are created in a consistent output, in a style of your choice that is part of LaTeX.

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LaTeX Resources for Graduate Students: BibTeX reference format

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Bib file format

A .bib file is a text file (database) containing publication references formatted in the bibtex format. It can have anywhere from one to thousands of  entries. Examples of different bibliographic sources are:

All major reference managers and scholarly search engines are able to export references in the bibtex file format. These new entries can be added to an existing .bib file using simple cut and paste.

Since bibtex references do not lose their validity, many researchers maintain a .bib file of references they have cited in the past. Using the bibtex manuscript command they can select references for their upcoming paper without having to start a new bibliography from scratch.

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Are You a LaTeX/BibTeX User?

LaTeX/BibTeX Templates

Under "Support for Formatting Theses and Dissertations", there are some handy LaTeX thesis and dissertation templates:

• https://graduate.ku.edu/etd-formatting-and-working-multimedia-files

LaTeX/ BibTeX Libguide

Do you have a general question about how to use LaTeX? Here is a link to the KU libguide:

• https://guides.lib.ku.edu/LaTeX/BibTeX
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  BIBTEX NPS Template v2.6 and earlier: Code Examples (Click  here  if you are using version 2.7 or above)

The following codes are customized for NPS theses and are not intended for use with any other publisher or template. The NPS thesis LaTeX template comes prepackaged with a BibTeX tool and a bib file containing the examples below.

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• Last Updated: Apr 6, 2024 3:12 PM
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Basic thesis template

This Thesis LaTeX template is an ideal starting point for writing your PhD thesis, masters dissertation or final year project. The style is appropriate for most universities, and can be easily customised. This LaTeX template includes a title page, a declaration, an abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of figures/tables, a dedication, and example chapters and sections.

This template was originally published on ShareLaTeX and subsequently moved to Overleaf in November 2019.

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The 14 BibTeX entry types

Possibly the most difficult aspect of using BibTeX to manage bibliographies is deciding what entry type to use for a reference source. We list all the 14 BibTeX entry types including their description on when to use.

An article from a journal, magazine, newspaper, or periodical.

A book where the publisher is clearly identifiable.

A printed work that is bound, but does not have a clearly identifiable publisher or supporting institution.

An article that has been included in conference proceedings. See inproceedings for details.

A section, such as a chapter, or a page range within a book.

• incollection

A titled section of a book. Such as a short story within the larger collection of short stories that make up the book.

• inproceedings

A paper that has been published in conference proceedings. The usage of conference and inproceedings is the same. The conference entry was included for Scribe compatibility.

A technical manual for a machine software such as would come with a purchase to explain operation to the new owner.

• mastersthesis

A thesis written for the Master’s level degree.

Used if none of the other entry types quite match the source. Frequently used to cite web pages, but can be anything from lecture slides to personal notes.

A thesis written for the PhD level degree.

• proceedings

A conference proceeding.

An institutionally published report such as a report from a school, a government organization, an organization, or a company. This entry type is also frequently used for white papers and working papers.

• unpublished

A document that has not been officially published such as a paper draft or manuscript in preparation.

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Check your paper before your teacher does!

Avoid plagiarism — quickly check for missing citations and check for writing mistakes., is this source credible consider the criteria below..

Is the purpose to entertain, sell, persuade, or inform/teach ? Journal articles are often designed to inform or teach. Books and websites could have any of these or a combination of the purposes above. So it is important to determine why the source was created and if it is appropriate for your research. For websites in particular, looking at their "About Us" page or "Mission Statement" can help you evaluate purpose.

Accuracy is the reliability and truthfulness of the source. Here are a few indicators of an accurate source:

• Citations or a works cited list. For websites, this can be links to other credible sites.
• Evidence that backs up claims made by the author(s).
• Text that is free of spelling and grammatical errors.
• Information that matches that in other, credible sources.
• Language that is unbiased and free of emotion.

Based on the above the source could be accurate, inaccurate, a mixture of accurate and inaccurate, or hard to tell.

Authority: Author

The author is the individual or organization who wrote the information in the book, in the journal article, or on the website. If no author is listed, there may be another contributor instead. For example, an editor or a translator. A credible author has:

• Written several articles or books on the topic.
• Provided contact information. For example, an email address, mailing address, social media account, etc.
• The experience or qualifications to be an expert on the topic.

Authority: Publisher

The credibility of the publisher can contribute to the authority of a source. The publisher can be a person, company or organization. Authoritative publishers:

• Accept responsibility for content.
• Are often well-known.
• Often publish multiple works on the same or related topics.

Relevance describes how related or important a source is to your topic. While a source may be credible, it does not necessarily mean it is relevant to your assignment. To determine relevance, you should:

• Determine the website's intended audience. Look at the level of the information and the tone of the writing. For example, is it meant for academics or the general public?
• Make sure that the information is related to your research topic.
• Make sure that the information helps you answer your research question.

A publication date is an important part of evaluating the credibility of a source and its appropriateness for your topic. It is generally best to use content that was recently published or updated, but depending on your assignment, it may be appropriate to use older information. For example, a journal entry from Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War is too outdated to use in a discussion about modern politics and war, but would be appropriate for a paper about the Civil War. Consider the following when evaluating currency:

• Was it published or updated recently? If a website, is there even a publication date listed?
• Is the date of the source appropriate or inappropriate for my assignment?

After analyzing your source, do you believe it is credible, not credible, partially credible, or are you unsure? If you are still unsure, it may help to ask your instructor a librarian for assistance.

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Guide to BibTeX Type MasterThesis

BibTeX is a reference management tool that is commonly used in LaTeX documents. The “masterthesis” BibTeX type is used for master’s theses. In this guide, we will explain the required and optional fields for the “masterthesis” BibTeX type.

Need a simple solution for managing your BibTeX entries? Explore CiteDrive!

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Required Fields

The “masterthesis” BibTeX type requires the following fields:

• author : The author of the thesis.
• title : The title of the thesis.
• school : The name of the institution that awarded the degree.
• year : The year the degree was awarded.

Optional Fields

In addition to the required fields, the “masterthesis” BibTeX type also has a number of optional fields that can be used to provide additional information. These fields include:

• type : The type of the thesis, such as “Master’s thesis”.
• address : The location of the institution.
• month : The month the thesis was submitted.
• note : Any additional information about the thesis.

Here is an example of how to use the “masterthesis” BibTeX type:

In this example, the BibTeX entry defines a master’s thesis authored by Jane Doe titled “A Study of Example”. The degree was awarded in 2022 by the University of Example, and the thesis was submitted in June in Example City, CA. The type of the thesis is specified as “Master’s thesis”, and a note is included that provides a URL for the thesis.

Dalton Transactions

Snowflake relocated cu2o electrocatalyst on ag backbone template for the production of liquid c2+ chemicals from co2.

In this study, we perform the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with a structural composite catalyst of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and silver (Ag) that simultaneously electrodeposited. While the underneath Ag electrodeposits maintain its spiky backbone structures even after CO2RR, the Cu2O deposits were reduced to Cu(111) and relocated on the backbone template. The structural changes of Cu2O to Cu increases the active area of Cu-Ag interface, resulting in remarkable production rate of 125.01 umol/hr of liquid C2+ chemicals via the stabilization for C-C coupling of a key intermediate species of acetaldehyde. This study provides new insight of bimetallic catalyst design for sustainable C2+ products from CO2 without any selectivity towards the production of methane.

Supplementary files

• Supplementary information PDF (5356K)

Article information

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Y. Lee, M. Choi, S. Bae, A. Tayal, O. Seo, H. Lim, K. Lee, J. H. Jang, B. Jeong and J. Lee, Dalton Trans. , 2024, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4DT00199K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content .

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