case study class 8

New QB365-SLMS
NEET Materials
JEE Materials
Banking first yr Materials
TNPSC Materials
DIPLOMA COURSE Materials
5th Standard Materials
12th Standard Materials
11th Standard Materials
10th Standard Materials
9th Standard Materials
8th Standard Materials
7th Standard Materials
6th Standard Materials
12th Standard CBSE Materials
11th Standard CBSE Materials
10th Standard CBSE Materials
9th Standard CBSE Materials
8th Standard CBSE Materials
7th Standard CBSE Materials
6th Standard CBSE Materials
Tamilnadu Stateboard
Scholarship Exams
Scholarships

CBSE 8th Standard CBSE all question papers, important notes , study materials , Previuous Year questions, Syllabus and exam patterns. Free 8th Standard CBSE all books and syllabus online. Practice Online test for free in QB365 Study Material. Important keywords, Case Study Questions and Solutions. Updates about latest education news and Scholorships in one place.

8th Standard CBSE Subjects

8th standard cbse study materials.

Class VI to XII

Tn state board / cbse, 3000+ q&a's per subject, score high marks.

Latest CBSE 8th Standard CBSE Study Material Updates

A to Z Classes

Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science.

There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

What is Case Study Question?

Ans. At case Study there will one paragraph and on the basis of that concept some question will made. Students have to solve that question.

How many marks will have at case based question?

Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

Important links:

CBSE Class 8

CBSE Class 8 is considered as one of the crucial stage in the academic career of a student. It is a Class wherein students need to understand all the fundamentals which will help you to score more marks in your further grades. It is a very important standard for a student as in this standard student learn all the basic concepts that they will need in their future classes. Students of CBSE Class 8 should understand the basics of each subject because the next higher class is no different but it is in a more detailed form.

CBSE Class 8 Subjects

Given below are the subjects for Class 8 CBSE Board which is included in the curriculum for the respective academic year. All the subjects are compulsory for the students to study in Class 8 so that they get promoted to the next class.

CBSE Class 8 Science
CBSE Class 8 Maths
Social Science

CBSE Syllabus for Class 8

Class 8 CBSE syllabus for all the subjects will help students to get to know what they are going to study in the respective academic year. Knowing the syllabus will help students of Class 8 to prepare effectively for their exam and it is prepared by the CBSE board as per the guidelines.

CBSE class 8 Syllabus All Subject
CBSE Class 8 Maths Syllabus
CBSE Class 8 Science Syllabus
CBSE Class 8 English Syllabus
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Syllabus

CBSE Study Materials for Class 8

CBSE study materials for Class 8 for students so that they can prepare effectively for their exam and score better marks. These study materials are prepared as per the latest syllabus of the CBSE board for Class 8.

CBSE Class 8 Notes All Subject
CBSE Class 8 Maths Notes
CBSE Class 8 Science Notes
CBSE Class 8 English Notes
Unseen Passages for Class 8
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes
CBSE Class 8 History Notes
CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes
CBSE Class 8 Geography Notes
NCERT Notes for class 8
NCERT Notes for class 8 Science
NCERT Notes for Class 8 Maths

CBSE Class 8 Books

Books are an important resource for Class 8 students for study purpose because the questions that are asked in the final exam mostly picked up from the textbooks. The textbooks that are mentioned below are available for download in pdf version for students.

CBSE class 8 Science Book
CBSE class 8 Maths Book
CBSE class 8 Social Science Book
CBSE class 8 History Book
CBSE class 8 Geography Book
CBSE class 8 Civics Book
CBSE class 8 English Book

CBSE Class 8 Textbooks Solutions

NCERT solutions for Class 8 CBSE covers the entire syllabus of the respective subject. Solving these textbook solutions will help students to score good marks and will also boost up the student’s confidence. Given below are the textbook solutions for CBSE Class 8 students.

NCERT Solutions for class 8
NCERT Solutions for class 8 Maths
NCERT Solutions for class 8 Science
NCERT Solutions for class 8 Social Science
NCERT Solutions for class 8 History
NCERT Solutions for class 8 Civics
NCERT Solutions for class 8 Geography
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions

CBSE Sample Papers for class 8

Solving these CBSE sample papers for Class 8 will help students while preparing for their exam and some of the questions mentioned in the sample papers might be asked in the final exam question paper. It is always advisable to solve these sample papers before the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Maths
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Science
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Social Science
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 English

CBSE Question Papers for Class 8

Class 8 CBSE question papers help students to get an idea about the final question paper, marking scheme, important questions, etc. Solving these Class 8 CBSE question papers will help students while preparing for their final exam paper.

Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 8

The previous year question papers for CBSE Class 8 gives students an idea about the types of questions they can expect from each section. These previous year question papers are prepared as per the latest syllabus designed by the CBSE Board.

CBSE Class 8 Marks wise Important Questions

We at BYJU’S provide CBSE Class 8 marks wise important questions from each chapter so that they can prepare accordingly. The marks wise important questions provide Class 8 students a brief idea about the types of questions that can be asked in the examination.

Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
Important 3 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
Important 4 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science
Important 3 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science
Important 5 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science

CBSE Class 8 Chapter wise Important Questions

CBSE Class 8 chapter wise important questions will help students prepare well for the exams due to time constraint. Studying these chapterwise important questions can clear all their doubts with respect to each chapter by practicing.

Chapter wise important Questions for class 8 Maths
Chapter wise important questions for class 8 Science
Chapter wise important Questions for class 8 Social Science

CBSE Class 8 Science Experiments

CBSE Class 8 Science Experiments we at BYJU’S offer help every student in a unique manner by explaining the content to them in a practical manner. These science experiments help students to expand their scientific horizons and get submerged into the world of science. Also, students can get the CBSE Class 8 Science Lab Manual through which they get all the details about project works and types of experiments.

Static Electricity Experiment
Create your own Quicksand
CBSE Class 8 Science Lab Manual

Students of Class 8 can also go through the Maths Lab Manual of Class 6 to 8 to get ideas on Maths activities and project work.

CBSE Class 8 Maths Lab Manual

CBSE Class 8 Science Projects

Science project work plays an important role in students life. They help the Class 8 student to understand a concept effectively and practically. Class 8 science projects are important as they tend to learn many new things in the class.

Gauss Rifle

CBSE Class 8 Science working Models

CBSE Class 8 Science working models explain and even predicts the behavior of various systems and real-world objects. All these experiments will be in some way related to the day to day activities of our life.

Solar Energy Project
Electric Generator
Potato Battery

CBSE Class 8 Videos

How to Study in CBSE Class 8 (Preparation Tips )

Students should know their respective syllabus before they start their exam preparation.
Solve previous year question paper and sample paper on a regular basis so that they can score better marks in their exams.
Students should have a clear understanding of the concepts and topics that are taught in their respective class.
Students must prepare according to the syllabus mentioned in the respective subject textbook.
Study your concepts thoroughly, but make sure that you can write what you read.

Keep learning and stay tuned with BYJU’S for the latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams. Also, download the BYJU’S App for interactive study videos.

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Counselling

CBSE Papers, Questions, Answers, MCQ ...

Blog provides NCERT solutions, CBSE, NTSE, Olympiad study material, model test papers, important Questions and Answers asked in CBSE examinations. References to Educational Sites and resources.

CareerAfter12
Syllabus 2017-18
Entrance Exams

Thursday 15 December 2022

Cbse class 8 - physics - sound - case study based question #class8science #sound #physics #eduvictors.

CBSE Class 8 - Physics - Sound - Case Study Based Question

Q1. Read the following and answer the questions given below:

Sound is a form of energy that is produced when air molecules vibrate in a particular pattern called waves. Hence, the sound is a wave. Sound is produced by vibrating objects. Vibration can be described as to and fro motion of an objects. Sound cannot be produced without any vibrations. Sound always requires a medium to travel from the source of its production to the receiver end. Speed of the sound is maximum in solids and minimum in gases.

(i) The audible frequency range of a human ear is:

(a) The range of audible frequency of human ear is 20 to 200 Hz

(b) The range of audible frequency of human ear is 2 Hz to 20 Hz

(c)The range of audible frequency of human ear is 200 to 2000Hz.

(d) The range of audible frequency of human ear is 20 to 20,000Hz

(ii) Ria used a device to measure the loudness of a machine. She recorded her observation as given below. Which of the following represents the correct measurement of loudness?

(iii) Arrange the speed of sounds in solids, liquids and gases in an ascending order:

(a) Gas < Liquid < Solid

(b) Liquid > Gas > Solid

(d) Solid > Liquid > Gas

(iv) The number of vibrations made by a vibrating body in one second is:

(a) frequency

1. (d) The range of audible frequency of human ear is 20 to 20,000Hz

2. (c) 80 dB

3. (a) Gas < Liquid < Solid

4. (a) frequency

Ch 13 - Sound (Q & A) Ch 13 - Sound (MCQs) Ch 13 - Sound (Worksheet) Ch 13 - Sound (Question Bank) Ch 13 - Sound (Worksheet)

CBSE All In One NCERT Based Science Class 8 2022-23 Edition

No comments:

Ad-Blocker Detected!

Please turn off the ad blocker. This is only way that we can earn some penny. Please support us by trun off the ad blocker. Thank you!!

Rational Numbers Class 8 Case Study Questions Maths Chapter 1

Last Updated on April 30, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 maths. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 maths. In this article, you will find case study questions for CBSE Class 8 Maths Chapter 1 Rational Numbers. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 8 Maths Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Rational Numbers

Passage 1: Aditya who is working in a multinational company earns ₹150000 per month. Out of his earnings he spend 1/10th on food items, 1/4th on shopping with family, 1/5th of remaining on education of his two kids and rest of his money he puts in his savings.

Difficulty Level: Easy

On basis of this information given in passage answer the following questions.

Q. 1. How much money he spends on food items? (a) 15000 (b) 1500 (c) 1050 (d) 10500

Q. 2. How much money he spend on shopping? (a) 32000 (b) 37500 (c) 25000 (d) 27500

Q. 3. How much money was left with him after spending on food and shopping? (a) 90000 (b) 95000 (c) 98500 (d) 97500

Ans. Option (d) is correct. Explanation: Total earning = ₹ 150000 Money spent on food and shopping = ₹ 15000 + ₹ 37500 = ₹ 52500 Money left after food and shopping = ₹ 150000 – ₹ 52500 = ₹ 97500

Q. 4. Calculate the amount spend by Aditya on education of children?

Sol. Total money earn by Aditya = ₹150000 Total amount spend by him on shopping and food = ₹52500 Money left = ₹150000 – ₹52500= ₹97500 Money spend on education of children $=\frac{1}{5}$ of Money left $\quad=\frac{1}{5}$ of 97500 = ₹19500

Q. 5. How much money he saved?

Sol. Saving = Total earning – total expenditure = 150000 – (15000 + 37500 + 19500) = 150000 – 72000 = ₹78000. Thus money saved by Aditya is ₹78000.

Understanding Quadrilaterals Class 8 Case Study Questions Maths Chapter 3

Linear equations in one variable class 8 case study questions maths chapter 2, download ebooks for cbse class 8 maths rational numbers.

Rational Number Topicwise Worksheet for CBSE Class 8 Maths

Topics from which case study questions may be asked

Rational Number and its identification.
Whole Number, Natural Number and their Properties.
Difference between Rational and Irrational Number.

Case study questions from the above given topic may be asked.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Rational Numbers Case Study

Q1: what is the significance of rational numbers in mathematics.

A1: Rational numbers play a crucial role in mathematics as they represent quantities that can be expressed as fractions of integers. They include both integers and fractions, making them essential for various mathematical operations and real-life applications.

Q2: How are rational numbers defined, and what are their properties?

A2: Rational numbers are defined as numbers that can be expressed in the form p/q , where p and q are integers and q≠0. They possess properties such as closure under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as the commutative, associative, and distributive properties.

Q3: Can you provide real-life examples where rational numbers are used?

A3: Real-life examples of rational numbers include measurements such as length, mass, and time, as well as quantities like money, fractions of a whole, and ratios in cooking recipes or construction projects.

Q4: What are the key concepts covered in Chapter 1 of CBSE Class 8 Maths regarding rational numbers?

A4: Chapter 1 of CBSE Class 8 Maths covers concepts such as understanding rational numbers, representation on the number line, operations on rational numbers, and solving problems involving rational numbers. More Precisely, (i) Rational Number and its identification. (ii) Whole Number, Natural Number and their Properties. (iii) Difference between Rational and Irrational Number.

Q5: Can you explain the operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) involving rational numbers with examples?

A5: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers follow specific rules. For example, to add or subtract rational numbers, we find a common denominator, while for multiplication and division, we multiply or divide the numerators and denominators.

Q6: What are the common misconceptions students have about rational numbers, and how can they be clarified?

A6: Common misconceptions include confusion between rational and irrational numbers, misunderstanding the concept of fractions, and errors in performing operations. These can be clarified through hands-on practice, visual representations, and providing clear explanations of concepts.

Q7: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing rational number case study questions?

A7: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 8 Maths on our website . Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams. If you need more case study questions, then you can visit Physics Gurukul website. they are having a large collection of case study questions for all classes.

Q8: What are the important keywords for CBSE Class 8 Maths Rational Numbers?

A8: List of important keywords given below – Natural Numbers: Positive Counting number starting from 1. Whole Number: All natural number together with 0. Rational Number: Numbers which can be expressed in p/q form, where q ≠ 0 and p and q are integers. Fraction: Numbers which can be expressed in form of p/q but are only positive

Syllabus 2024-25
CBSE Class X SQP 2023-24
CBSE Class XII SQP 2023-24
Class X SQP 2022-23
Class XII SQP 2022-23
Request Answers

Case Based (Factual) Unseen Passages: Practice English Grammar for School Classes

Post last modified: 17 September 2022
Post category: Grammar Exercises / School Grammar

What are Case Based (Factual Passages)? Simply put, factual passages are those passages, which let the readers imagine and feel the factual qualities of a topic as mentioned in the passage. The topic can be about a place, person, thing or event. A factual passage tells the reader about the consecutive things related to the topic in detail, occurring in an orderly manner.

Case Based (Factual) Passages

1. read the passage given below: [cbse set 2, 2021-22] .

Milkha Singh, also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold in 400 metres at the Asian Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo) He was awarded the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements
The race for which Singh is best remembered is his fourth-place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games. He led the race till the 200 m mark before easing off, allowing others to pass him. Singh’s fourth-place time of 45.73 seconds was the Indian national record for almost 40 years.
From beginnings that saw him orphaned and displaced during the partition of India, Singh became a sporting icon in the country. In 2008, journalist Rohit Baijnath described Singh as “the finest athlete India has ever produced”.
He was disappointed with his debut performance at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. *1 returned to India, chastened by my poor performance in Melbourne. I had been so excited by the prospects of being part of the Indian Olympics team, but, hadn’t realized how strong and professional the competition would be. My success in India had filled me with a false sense of pride and it was only when I was on the track that I saw how inconsequential my talents were when pitted against superbly fit and seasoned athletes. It was then that I understood what competition actually meant, and that if I wanted to succeed on the international arena, I must be prepared to test my mettle against the best athletes in the world.”
Then he decided to make sprinting the sole focus of his life. “Running had thus become my God, my religion and my beloved”. My life during those two years was governed by strict rules and regulations and a self-imposed penance. Every morning I would rise at the crack of dawn, get into my sports kit and dash off to the track, where I would run two or three miles cross-country in the company of my coach.”
On how he pushed himself through the tough days of vigorous training. “I practiced so strenuously that often I was drained of all energy, and there were times when I would increase my speed to such an extent that after my rounds, I would vomit blood or drop-down down unconscious through sheer exercise. My doctors and coaches warned me, asked me to slow down to maintain my health and equilibrium but my determination was too strong to give up. My only focus was to become the best athlete in the world. But then images of a packed stadium filled with cheering spectators, wildly applauding me as I crossed the finishing line, would flash across my mind and I would start again, encouraged by visions of victory.”

Based on your reading answer any five questions from the six given below: 1×5=5

(i) What is Milka Singh known as? What realization did Milkha Singh have when he was on the track during the Melbourne Olympics?

(ii) List any two of Milkha Singh’s achievements.

(iii) What strict rules and regulations did Milkha Singh follow?

(iv) State two consequences of his hard and strenuous practice.

(v) What motivated Milkha Singh to become the best athlete in the world?

(vi) Explain the phrase ‘I would start again’ in the last sentence.

1. Milkha Singh was known as ‘The Flying Sikh’.

He realised how inconsequential his talents were when pitied against superbly fit seasoned athletes. He also realised that he needed to prepare well to test his mettle against the best athletes in the world.

2. (i) The only athlete to win 400 meters at the Asian Games as well as Commonwealth Games.

(ii) Won gold in 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. His national record stood unbroken for 40 years.

(iii) He was awarded Padam Shiri for his sporting achievements.

3. Every morning he would rise at the crack of the dawn, get into his sports kit and dash off to the track, where he would run two or three miles cross-country with his coach.

4. ( i) He was drained of all energy.

(ii) He would vomit blood or drop-down unconscious through sheer exercise.

5. He was motivated by his vision of victory at a packed stadium with spectators cheering and applauding him as he crossed the finishing line.

6. ‘I would start again’ means here that he was encouraged to shun any complacency and start again with the double energy and determination to become the best athlete.

Q. Read the following excerpt from a Case Study. J.K. Rowling – A Journey. [CBSE SET 2, 2022]

The story of Joanne Kathleen Rowling’s near magical rise to fame is almost as well known as the characters she creates.

Rowling was constantly writing and telling stories to her younger sister Dianne. “The first story I ever wrote down was about a rabbit called Rabbit.” Rowling said in an interview. “He got the measles and was visited by his friends including a giant bee called Miss Bee. And ever since Rabbit and Miss Bee, I have always wanted to be a writer, though I rarely told anyone so.

However, my parents, both of whom come from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that would never pay a mortgage or secure a pension.

A writer from the age of six, with two unpublished novels in the * drawer, she was stuck on a train when Harry walked into her mind fully formed. She spent the next five years constructing the plots of seven books, one for every year of his secondary school life.

Rowling says she started writing the first book, Harry’ Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, in Portugal, where she was teaching English.

At first nobody wanted to publish Harry Potter. She was told that plot was too complex. Refusing to compromise, she found a publisher.

n 1997 Rowling received her first royalty cheque. By book three, she had sky rocketed to the top of the publishing world. A row of zeroes appeared on the author’s bank balance and her life was turned upside down. Day and night she had journalists knocking on the unanswered door of her flat.

Rowling’s quality control has become legendary, as her obsession with accuracy. She’s thrilled with Stephen Fry’s taped version of the books and outraged that an Italian dust jacket showed Harry minus his glasses. “Don’t they understand that the glasses are the clue to his vulnerability.”

Annual earnings of J.K. Rowling from 2010 to 2019

On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer any five of the six questions given below. 1×5=5

(i) Explain J.K. Rowling’s ‘near magical rise to fame’.

(ii) What reason did the publishers give for rejecting Rowling’s book?

(iii) What was the drawback of achieving fame?

(iv) Why was Rowling outraged with the Italian dust jacket?

(v) Find a word in the last para that means the same as ‘insecure/helpless.

(vi) According to the graph, how many years did it take Rowling to become very successful?

(i) Jk Rowling’s near magical rise to fame is well known as the character she creates I.e. her popular characters led her to magical fame. She was on top of the world of publishing house after the book three was published and her bank balance increased tremendously.

(ii) She was told that her plot of Harry Potter was too complex.

(iii) The draw back was that she was approached day and night by journalists knocking at the door of her flat. It was becoming a nuisance and she did not respond all of them.

(iv) She was obsessed with quality and accuracy and therefore was outraged at an Italian just Jacket for showing Harry without glasses.

(v) vulnerability

(v) It took around 6 years for Rowlings to become very successful.

Q. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

India Covid-19 numbers explained

1. With novel Coronavirus spreading rapidly all over the country, there are only three states right now, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, that have less than 1,000 people infected with the disease.

2. Lakshadweep, of course, still hasn’t reported even a single case till now, the only region in India entirely free of the epidemic.

3. Otherwise, even the relatively smaller states now have significantly large spread of the disease. Goa, for example, has seen more than 7,000 of its people infected by the virus till now. Tripura has over 5,500 cases, while Manipur has more than 3,000, and Nagaland a little less than 2,500. Puducherry has more than 4,000 cases, while even Daman and Diu has over 1,300 people infected.

4. And in each of these states, the numbers are rising at a fast pace, at a rate higher than the national level. The infections had initially reached these states in the first and second week of May, when the lockdown was relaxed for the first time to enable people stuck in different parts of the country to return to their native places.

5. After a period of very slow growth, the number of cases have begun to rise rapidly in the last one month. In Goa, for example, the total number of infected people has nearly doubled in the last 15 days. Same has happened in Puducherry, as well.

6. Tuesday was one of those rare occasions when the number of active cases in the country, those who are yet to recover from the disease, went down compared to the previous day. That is because the number of recoveries, combined with the number of deaths, exceeded the new cases that were detected on Tuesday.

7. With over 52,500 new cases detected in the country, the total number of infections crossed 19 lakh, out of `which 12.82 lakh people have recovered from the disease. The number of dead is now close to 40,000.

8. The number of recoveries on Tuesday was the highest-ever for a single day. More than 51,700 people were declared to have been recovered. Three days earlier, the number of recoveries had crossed 50,000 for the first time, but in the next two days the number had fallen to much lower levels.

Choose the correct option to answer the questions based on the above passage and graphics. Do any ten.

(a) How are these three states – Meghalaya, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands – different from the rest of India? (i) they are the only states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (ii) they are three of the five states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (iii) they are the only states to have less than 2,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (iv) none of these

(b) __________ is the only region in India which is entirely free of the epidemic. (i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ii) Maharashtra (iii) Lakshadweep (iv) Tripura

(c) What is common among Goa, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland, Puducherry and Daman and Diu? (i) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates lower than the national level (ii) the numbers are falling at a fast pace at rates equal than the national level (iii) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates higher than the national level (iv) none of these

(d) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the inherent qualities of climate in the present times. (i) 1 and 4 (ii) 2 and 6 (iii) 1 and 3 (iv) 3 and 5

(e) Which date in the graph shows the highest jump of detected cases in a day? (i) July 30 (ii) July 31 (iii) August 1 (iv) August 2

(f) Of the 19 lakh infected cases, how many have recovered? (i) 11.82 lakh (ii) 13.82 lakh (iii) 12.81 lakh (iv) 12.82 lakh

(g) More than 51,700 people were declared to have been recovered on _______. (i) Wednesday (ii) Sunday (iii) Tuesday (iv) Monday

(h) When had the number of recoveries crossed 50,000 for the first time? (i) two days earlier (ii) Tuesday (iii) three days earlier than Tuesday (iv) none of these

(i) Which word in the passage means the same as “quickly”? (i) rapidly (ii) significantly (iii) native (iv) rare

(j) Which word in the passage is opposite in meaning to “indigenous”? (i) rapidly (ii) significantly (iii) native (iv) rare

Answers: (a) (i) they are the only states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (b) (iii) Lakshadweep (c) (iii) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates higher than the national level (d) (iii) 1 and 3 (e) (ii) July 31 (f) (iv) 12.82 lakh (g) (iii) Tuesday (h) (iii) three days earlier than Tuesday (i) (i) rapidly (j) (iii) native

Australia’s 2019-2020 Bushfire Season was not Normal

Data from satellite sources assembled by the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) World Environment Situation Room confirms that the wildfires in Australia in the last two months of 2019 and the first six weeks of 2020 were far from normal. 2019 was the second hottest year on record since 1880, and Australia recorded its warmest temperatures ever in December 2019.
“Rising temperatures continue to melt records. The past decade was the hottest on record. Scientists tell us that ocean temperatures are now rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second. One million species are in near-term danger of extinction. Our planet is burning,” says United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres.
“The trend is very clear: 37 of the last 40 years were the warmest recorded since 1880, and the six warmest years recorded were the last six years,” says Pascal Peduzzi, Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database in Geneva. “For those who think Australia is always burning, graphs clearly show that these fires were exceptional.”
“This service, accessible via the UNEP’s World Environment Situation Room, is provided for all countries at national and provincial levels. It identifies trends in wildfire activity since 2003, when the data first became available and monitoring began. We have sliced and diced the satellite-based data on wildfires worldwide from 2009 to the present day. We analyse the wildfires’ data by month, type of land cover, protected area, province and nation to produce information products,” Peduzzi adds. (Source: UN Environment)

(a) What do the reports confirm about the 2019-20 Australian fires? (i) the fires were not normal (ii) the fires were normal (iii) the fires were natural (iv) data inconclusive

(b) What was the difference in the recorded temperatures in 2019 from the 1880s? (i) 2019 recorded the wettest temperatures since 1880s (ii) 2019 recorded the hottest temperatures ever (iii) 2019 recorded the cooler temperatures than 1880s (iv) 2019 recorded the warmest temperatures since 1880s

(c) What comparison has been made between the rising sea temperatures and Hiroshima? (i) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of three Hiroshima bombs a second (ii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second (iii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs an hour (iv) none of these

(d) Choose the option that lists the CORRECT answers for the following:

“Rising temperatures continue to melt records. The past decade was the hottest on record. Scientists tell us that ocean temperatures are now rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second”. Whose statement is this?

“The trend is very clear: 37 of the last 40 years were the warmest recorded since 1880, and the six warmest years recorded were the last six years.” Whose statement is this?

(i) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the UN President (ii) (1) is from the UN President and (2) is from the UN General Secretary (iii) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the Director of UNEP (iv) (1) is from the UN General Secretary and (2) is from the UN President

(e) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the inherent qualities of climate in the present times. (i) 1 and 3 (ii) 2 and 6 (iii) 3 and 4 (iv) 5 and 6

(f) Which of the following independent data source is NOT PRESENT in the given graph? (i) NASA (ii) NOAA (iii) ISRO (iv) JMA

(g) Choose the option that lists the CORRECT statement. (i) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Renaissance Information Database (ii) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNO’s Global Resource Information Database (iii) Pascal Peduzzi is the Manager of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database (iv) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database

(h) How can you say that the UN is concerned about the rising numbers of coal plants? (i) UNDP Secretary General António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (ii) UN Secretary General António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (iii) UN Executive Secretary António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (iv) UN Secretary General Antony Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants

(i) UNEP’s World Environment Situation Room has been tracking the world temperatures since. (i) 2003 (ii) 2013 (iii) 2000 (iv) 2001

(j) The graph compiled with data from four different sources shows that the global surface temperatures have been _ . (i) steady (ii) falling (iii) on the rise (iv) none of these

(k) Which word in the passage means the same as “collect”? (i) assembled (ii) extinction (iii) exceptional (iv) provincial

(l) Which word in the passage is opposite to the meaning of ‘vague/murky’? (i) assembled (ii) clear (iii) extinction (iv) provincial

(a) (i) the fires were not normal (b) (iv) 2019 recorded the warmest temperatures since 1880s (c) (ii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second (d) (iii) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the Director of UNEP (e) (i) 1 and 3 (f) (iii) ISRO (g) (iv) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database (h) (ii) UN secretary general António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (i) (i) 2003 (j) (iii) on the rise (k) (i) assembled (l) (ii) clear

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [CBSE, 2019]

Hyderabad — The City of Nizams GOLCONDA

1. In the 16th century, when Golconda was the capital of Qutb Shahi Kingdom, it is believed that a shepherd boy came across an idol on the hill. It was then that the Kakatiya dynasty’s ruler built the fort, which is 120 m high. After it was captured by Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, the fort fell into ruins.

2. The beautiful ruins of the fort have a story to tell. They make you wonder how the fort may have looked in its days of glory and grandeur. The fort also organises a sound and light show every day and the history of this fort is narrated in such an interesting manner that even a child can understand and enjoy it. The climb to the fort is a difficult one and unless you are physically fit, you should avoid the climb and relax in the gardens below. The view from the top is breath-taking.

3. The next place is Charminar. The literal meaning of the monument is ‘four minarets’. There is a mosque on the second floor. It is said that when the state was hit by severe plague, Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, prayed to end the plague and promised to build a mosque in the very place where he was praying. Thus, Charminar came into being!

4. The walk from the bottom to the top of the monument is a little frightening, owing to the narrowness of the pathway and the steepness of the steps. Once you reach the top, the view of the crowds moving below will surely lift your spirits.

5. Make sure you visit the nearby Laad Bazaar, where there are rows of shops selling the famous Hyderabadi glass bangles and lac bangles.

SALAR JUNG MUSEUM

6. The Salar Jung Museum is the third largest museum in the country and boasts of owning the biggest one-man collection of antiques in the world. A visit to the Salar Jung Museum is a must even if you are not a fan of antique stuff. You can view the Nizam’s collection of textiles, arms, metalware, ivory carvings, Indian bronzes and carpets.

7. The main attraction is definitely the Musical Clock, made by Cook and Kelvy of England. Inside the clock is a timekeeper. Every hour, he comes out and beats a gong as many times as the time indicates. Another attraction of the museum is the Veiled Rebecca, an amazing sculpture made by the Italian sculptor, Giovanni Maria Benzoni.

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, answer any ten of the following questions: (any eight) (a) What led to the construction of the Golconda Fort? (b) What led to the destruction of the Golconda Fort? (c) How is the interest in the Fort kept alive? (d) What does the word ‘breath-taking’ in para 2 mean? (e) Why did Quli Qutb Shah build a mosque? (f) How does one feel after reaching the top of Charminar? (g) What is unique about the Salar Jung Museum? (h) What else can one find in this museum apart from antiques? (i) Name the two attractions of the Salar Jung Museum.

Answers by a topper

want to share! Share this content

Opens in a new window

Subject verb agreement rules, analytical paragraph writing english grammar cbse class 9 & 10, prepositions: rules and usage english grammar cbse/icse schools, unseen comprehension passages practice cbse questions: grammar for schools, this post has one comment.

Very useful material.

Case Study Questions Class 8 History The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

Case study questions class 8 history chapter 8 the making of the national movement: 1870s–1947.

CBSE Class 8 Case Study Questions History The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947. Important Case Study Questions for Class 8 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

The above-mentioned developments led the people to ask a crucial question: what is this country of India and for whom is it meant? The answer that gradually emerged was: India was the people of India – all the people irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language, or gender. And the country, its resources and systems, were meant for all of them. With this answer came the awareness that the British were exercising control over the resources of India and the lives of its people, and until this control was ended, India could not be for Indians. This consciousness began to be clearly stated by the political associations formed after 1850, especially those that came into being in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these were led by English-educated professionals such as lawyers. The more important ones were the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association, and of course the Indian National Congress. Note the name, “Poona Sarvajanik Sabha”. The literal meaning of “sarvajanik” is “of or for all the people” (sarva = all + janik = of the people). Though many of these associations functioned in specific parts of the country, their goals were stated as the goals of all the people of India, not those of any one region, community or class. They worked with the idea that the people should be sovereign – a modernconsciousness and a key feature of nationalism. In other words, they believed that the Indian people should be empowered to take decisions regarding their affairs. The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. In the same year, the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. The Act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable”. In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But when white opposition forced the government to withdraw the bill, Indians were enraged. The event highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India. The need for an all-India organisation of educated Indians had been felt since 1880, but the Ilbert Bill controversy deepened this desire. The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885. The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji,Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, among others – was largely from Bombay and Calcutta. Naoroji,a businessman and publicist settled in London, and for a time member of the British Parliament, guided the younger nationalists. A retired British official, A.O. Hume, also played a part in bringing Indians from the various regions together.

QUESTIONS MARKS : 1

1.) The Arms Act was passed in which year ?

Ans: The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms.

2.) What is the literal meaning of ‘Sarvajanik’?

Ans: The literal meaning of “sarvajanik” is “of or for all the people” (sarva = all + janik = of the people).

QUESTIONS MARKS : 2

1.) In which year the Vernacular Press Act was passed ? And what was the reason behind this Act ?

Ans: In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed.And this Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government.

2.) What is the meaning of ‘Sovereign’?

Ans: a modern consciousness and a key feature of nationalism. In other words, they believed that the Indian people should be empowered to take decisions regarding their affairs.

Dadabhai Naoroji’s book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule. By the 1890s, many Indians began to raise questions about the political style of the Congress. In Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab, leaders such as Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai were beginning to explore more radical objectives and methods. They criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayers”, and emphasised the importance of self-reliance and constructive work. They argued that people must rely on their own strength, not on the “good” intentions of the government; people must fight for swaraj. Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!” In 1905, Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal. At that time Bengal was the biggest province of British India and included Bihar and parts of Orissa. The British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience. But what did “administrative convenience” mean? Whose “convenience” did it represent? Clearly, it was closely tied to the interests of British officials and businessmen. Even so,

instead of removing the non-Bengali areas from the province, the government separated East Bengal and merged it with Assam. Perhaps the main British motives were to curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and to split the Bengali people. The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called –opposed it.Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed.

The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement, strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere too – in deltaic Andhra for instance,it was known as the Vandemataram Movement. The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and use of Indian languages. To fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods. Some individuals also began to suggest that “revolutionary violence” would be necessary to overthrow British rule. The opening decades of the twentieth century were marked by other developments as well. A group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim League at Dacca in 1906. The League supported the partition of Bengal. It desired separate electorates for Muslims, a demand conceded by the government in 1909. Some seats in the councils were now reserved for Muslims who would be elected by Muslim voters.

This tempted politicians to gather a following by distributing favours to their own religious groups. Meanwhile, the Congress split in 1907. The Moderates were opposed to the use of boycott. They felt that it involved the use of force. After the split, the Congress came to be dominated by the Moderates with Tilak’s followers functioning from outside. The two groups reunited in December 1915. Next year, the Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact and decided to work together for representative government in the country.

1.) Who wrote the book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”?

Ans: Dadavai Naoraji wrote the book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”.

2.) Which slogan did Tilak raise ?

Ans : Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”

1.) Who partitioned Bengal ? And why did the British argue for ?

Ans : In 1905,Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal. And the British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience.

2.) What was the result of the Partition of Bengal ? And what was known as the Vandemataram Movement?

Ans: The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement, strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere too – in deltaic Andhra for instance, it was known as the Vandemataram Movement.

Case No : 3

In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. The Act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi,Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms. They criticised the Act as “devilish” and tyrannical. Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition to this Act, as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and hartal (strike). Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement. The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities. In April 1919,there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression. On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.

During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule. This was also the call of Mahatma Gandhi who always saw India as a land of all the people who livedin the country – Hindus,Muslims and those of other religions. He was keen that Hindus and Muslims support each other in any just cause. Revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sukhdev and others wanted to fight against the colonial rule and the rich exploiting classes through a revolution of workers and peasants. For this purpose, they founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi. On 17 December, 1928, Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru assassinated Saunders, a police officer who was involved in the lathi-charge that had caused the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. On 8 April, 1929, Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly. The aim, as their leaflet explained, was not to kill but “to make the deaf hear”, and to remind the foreign government of its callous exploitation. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were executed on March 23, 1931. Bhagat Singh’s age at that time was only 23.

1.) When did Gandhiji give a call for a Satyagraha?

Ans : In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed.

2.) Who did feel that the Government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms ?

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi,Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms.

1.) Why did Tagore express the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his ‘Knighthood’?

Ans: The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression. On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his ‘knighthood’.

2.) Who were known as Revolutionary nationalists? And what was their aim ?

Ans : Revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sukhdev and others wanted to fight against the colonial rule and the rich exploiting classes through a revolution of workers and peasants. For this purpose, they founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi.

Case study 1 –

It has often been said that the Congress in the first twenty years was “moderate” in its objectives and methods. During this period, it demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration. It wanted the Legislative Councils to be made more representative, given more power, and introduced in provinces where none existed. It demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government. For this purpose, it called for civil service examinations to be held in India as well, not just in London. The demand for Indianisation of the administration was part of a movement against racism, since most important jobs at the time were monopolised by white officials, and the British generally assumed that Indians could not be given positions of responsibility. Since British officers were sending a major part of their large salaries home, Indianisation, it was hoped, would also reduce the drain of wealth to England. Other demands included the separation of the judiciary from the executive, the repeal of the Arms Act and the freedom of speech and expression. The early Congress also raised a number of economic issues. It declared that British rule had led to poverty and famines: increase in the land revenue had impoverished peasants and zamindars, and exports of grains to Europe had created food shortages. The Congress demanded reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure, and more funds for irrigation. It passed many resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian labourers abroad, and the sufferings of forest dwellers – caused by an interfering forest administration. All this shows that despite being a body of the educated elite, the Congress did not talk only on behalf of professional groups, zamindars or industrialists. The Moderate leaders wanted to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. They published newspapers, wrote articles, and showed how British rule was leading to the economic ruin of the country. They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public opinion. They felt that the British had respect for the ideals of freedom and justice, and so they would accept the just demands of Indians. What was necessary, therefore, was to express these demands, and make the government aware of the feelings of Indians.

1.) How would you describe the objectives and methods of the early Congress during the first twenty years?

Answer- The early Congress was considered “moderate” in its objectives and methods. It demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government, more representative Legislative Councils, and Indianization of the administration to counter racism and reduce the drain of wealth to England.

2.) What were some of the main governmental and administrative requests made by the early Congress?

Answer- The early Congress called for the Indianization of government, the separation of the judiciary from the executive, and increased power and representation for Indians in the Legislative Councils.

3.) What economic challenges did the early Congress address, besides political reforms?

Answer- Early on, the Congress expressed worries about how British control might affect India’s economy. They criticised policies causing poverty, famines, and food shortages and sought reductions in land revenue, military spending reductions, and increased funding for irrigation.

4.) Who were the target audiences of the early Congress, and how did they spread their message?

Answer- The early Congress targeted the educated elite as well as the general public. They published newspapers, wrote articles, gave speeches, and sent representatives to different parts of the country to raise public awareness and mobilize support.

5.) How did the early Congress view the British government’s response to their demands?

Answer- The early Congress believed that the British government respected freedom and justice and would accept just demands. They aimed to express these demands and make the government aware of the sentiments of Indians.

Case study 2 –

By the 1890s, many Indians began to raise questions about the political style of the Congress. In Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab, leaders such as Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai were beginning to explore more radical objectives and methods. They criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayers”, and emphasised the importance of self-reliance and constructive work. They argued that people must rely on their own strength, not on the “good” intentions of the government; people must fight for swaraj. Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!” In 1905, Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal. At that time Bengal was the biggest province of British India and included Bihar and parts of Orissa. The British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience. But what did “administrative convenience” mean? Whose “convenience” did it represent? Clearly, it was closely tied to the interests of British officials and businessmen. Even so, instead of removing the non-Bengali areas from the province, the government separated East Bengal and merged it with Assam. Perhaps the main British motives were to curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and to split the Bengali people. The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called – opposed it. Large public meetings and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed. The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement, strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere too – in deltaic Andhra for instance, it was known as the Vandemataram Movement.

1.) Who were some of the leaders who explored more radical objectives and methods within the Congress during the 1890s?

Answer- Leaders like Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai in Bengal, Maharashtra, and Punjab respectively, began exploring more radical objectives and methods within the Congress.

2.) What criticism did the radical leaders have for the Moderates within the Congress?

Answer- The radical leaders criticized the Moderates for their “politics of prayers” and stressed the importance of self-reliance and constructive work. They advocated fighting for swaraj (self-rule) and not relying on the government’s good intentions.

3.) What was the significance of the partition of Bengal in 1905?

Answer- The partition of Bengal was significant as it infuriated people across India. Both Moderates and Radicals opposed it, and it led to the emergence of the Swadeshi movement, with mass protests and demonstrations.

4.) Why did the British government partition Bengal?

Answer- The British government claimed that the partition was for administrative convenience, but it was seen as a move to curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and divide the Bengali people.

5.) Where was the Swadeshi movement strongest, and what was it known as in deltaic Andhra?

Answer- The Swadeshi movement was strongest in Bengal, but it also had echoes in deltaic Andhra, where it was known as the Vandemataram Movement.

Case study 3 –

The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and use of Indian languages. To fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods. Some individuals also began to suggest that “revolutionary violence” would be necessary to overthrow British rule. The opening decades of the twentieth century were marked by other developments as well. A group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim League at Dacca in 1906. The League supported the partition of Bengal. It desired separate electorates for Muslims, a demand conceded by the government in 1909. Some seats in the councils were now reserved for Muslims who would be elected by Muslim voters. This tempted politicians to gather a following by distributing favours to their own religious groups. Meanwhile, the Congress split in 1907. The Moderates were opposed to the use of boycott. They felt that it involved the use of force. After the split, the Congress came to be dominated by the Moderates with Tilak’s followers functioning from outside. The two groups reunited in December 1915. Next year, the Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact and decided to work together for representative government in the country.

1.) What were the key ideas promoted by the Swadeshi movement?

Answer- The Swadeshi movement aimed to oppose British rule and encouraged self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and the use of Indian languages. It advocated mass mobilization and boycott of British institutions and goods.

2.) The All India Muslim League was founded when, where, and for what reasons?

Answer- In Dacca, India, in 1906, the All India Muslim League was established. It advocated for the division of Bengal and called for separate Muslim electorates, which the government complied with in 1909.

3.) Why did the Congress split in 1907?

Answer- The Congress split in 1907 due to differences between the Moderates and the Radicals. The Moderates opposed the use of boycott and believed it involved the use of force, while the Radicals supported more aggressive means to fight for swaraj.

4.) How did the Congress and the Muslim League cooperate after reuniting in 1916?

Answer- After reuniting in 1916, the Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact and decided to work together for representative government in India.

5.) What was the significance of the Lucknow Pact?

Answer- The Lucknow Pact marked a significant development in Indian politics as it brought the Congress and the Muslim League together, fostering a united front in the demand for representative government in the country.

Case study 4 –

After 1919, the struggle against British rule gradually became a mass movement, involving peasants, tribals, students and women in large numbers and occasionally factory workers as well. Certain business groups too began to actively support the Congress in the 1920s. Why was this so? The First World War altered the economic and political situation in India. It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. The government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people. On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war. As you have seen (Chapter 6), the war created a demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India. So Indian industries expanded during the war, and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development. The war also lead the British to expand their army. Villages were pressurised to supply soldiers for an alien cause. A large number of soldiers were sent to serve abroad. Many returned after the war with an understanding of the ways in which imperialist powers were exploiting the peoples of Asia and Africa and with a desire to oppose colonial rule in India. Furthermore, in 1917, there was a revolution in Russia. News about peasants’ and workers’ struggles and ideas of socialism circulated widely, inspiring Indian nationalists.

1.) Why did certain business groups begin supporting the Congress in the 1920s?

Answer- certain business groups supported the Congress in the 1920s because the First World War led to increased military expenditure and taxes on individuals and businesses. While the common people faced difficulties due to rising prices, these business groups made huge profits from the war and demanded greater opportunities for development.

2.) What kind of effects did the First World War have on Indian industries?

Answer- In response, Indian businesses grew as a result of the First World War’s demand for industrial goods. Indian firms saw a chance for expansion and development during the war as a result of the drop in imports from other nations.

3.) What effect did the British expansion of the army have on Indian villages?

Answer- The British expansion of the army led to pressurizing Indian villages to supply soldiers for the war efforts. Many soldiers served abroad and returned with an understanding of how imperialist powers exploited Asia and Africa, inspiring them to oppose colonial rule in India.

Case study 5 –

The advent of Mahatma Gandhi It is in these circumstances that Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a mass leader. As you may know, Gandhiji, aged 46, arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa. Having led Indians in that country in non-violent marches against racist restrictions, he was already a respected leader, known internationally. His South African campaigns had brought him in contact with various types of Indians: Hindus, Muslims, Parsis and Christians; Gujaratis, Tamils and north Indians; and upper-class merchants, lawyers and workers. Mahatma Gandhi spent his first year in India travelling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs and the overall situation. His earliest interventions were in local movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad where he came into contact with Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhbhai Patel. In Ahmedabad, he led a successful millworkers’ strike in 1918. In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. The Act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi,Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms. They criticised the Act as “devilish” and tyrannical. Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition to this Act, as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and hartal (strike). Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement. The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities. In April 1919, there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression. On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood. During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule. This was also the call of Mahatma Gandhi who always saw India as a land of all the people who lived in the country – Hindus, Muslims and those of other religions. He was keen that Hindus and Muslims support each other in any just cause.

1.) What did Mahatma Gandhi accomplish in South Africa prior to his arrival? He arrived in India when?

Answer- At the age of 46, Mahatma Gandhi arrived in India in 1915. He had battled for the rights of Indians from various origins in South Africa and had organised nonviolent marches against discriminatory limitations, earning him credibility as a leader.

2.) What was the purpose of the Rowlatt Satyagraha initiated by Gandhi in 1919?

Answer- The Rowlatt Satyagraha, initiated by Gandhi in 1919, was a non-violent opposition to the Rowlatt Act, which curbed fundamental rights and strengthened police powers. It aimed to protest against the Act’s restrictions and fight for people’s basic freedoms.

3.) How did the government respond to the Rowlatt Satyagraha demonstrations in April 1919?

Answer- In April 1919, the government responded to the Rowlatt Satyagraha demonstrations with brutal measures to suppress them. This repressive response included General Dyer’s tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

4.) Mahatma Gandhi envisioned Hindu and Muslim collaboration in the fight against British authority.

Answer- In the fight against British authority, Mahatma Gandhi supported cooperation between Hindus and Muslims. He encouraged Hindus and Muslims to help each other in any worthy cause for the greater welfare of the nation since he believed that India was a nation of the people, for the people, and by the people.

Case study 6 –

The Khilafat issue was one such cause. In 1920, the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. People were furious about this as they had been about the Jallianwala massacre. Also, Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire. The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign against “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj. The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921–22. Thousands of students left governmentcontrolled schools and colleges. Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices. British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth. The imports of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920 and 1922. But all this was merely the tip of the iceberg. Large parts of the country were on the brink of a formidable revolt. In many cases, people resisted British rule non-violently. In others, different classes and groups, interpreting Gandhiji’s call in their own manner, protested in ways that were not in accordance with his ideas. In either case, people linked their movements to local grievances. Let us look at a few examples. In Kheda, Gujarat, Patidar peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British. In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed. In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of “forest satyagrahas”, sometimes sending their cattle into forests without paying grazing fee. They were protesting because the colonial state had restricted their use of forest resources in various ways. They believed that Gandhiji would get their taxes reduced and have the forest regulations abolished. In many forest villages, peasants proclaimed swaraj and believed that “Gandhi Raj” was about to be established. In Sind (now in Pakistan), Muslim traders and peasants were very enthusiastic about the Khilafat call. In Bengal too, the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation alliance gave enormous communal unity and strength to the national movement. In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove corrupt mahants – supported by the British – from their gurdwaras. This movement got closely identified with the Non-Cooperation Movement. In Assam, tea garden labourers, shouting “Gandhi Maharaj ki Jai”, demanded a big increase in their wages. They left the Britishowned plantations amidst declarations that they were following Gandhiji’s wish. Interestingly, in the Assamese Vaishnava songs of the period, the reference to Krishna was substituted by “Gandhi Raja”.

1.) What was the Khilafat issue, and why did it become a cause for agitation in India?

Answer- The Khilafat issue arose when the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa, leading to widespread anger among Indians. Indian Muslims were particularly concerned about retaining Muslim sacred places in the former Ottoman Empire under the Khalifa’s control.

2.) What was the Non-Cooperation Movement’s purpose, and how did Mahatma Gandhi support the Khilafat agitation?

Answer- Mahatma Gandhi urged the Congress to fight against the “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre) and the Khilafat agitation in addition to asking for swaraj (self-rule). He advocated for boycotting British institutions and products and saw the Non-Cooperation Movement as a non-violent uprising against British control.

3.) What were some of the methods by which the Non-Cooperation Movement grew in popularity throughout India?

Answer- During the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of students left government-controlled schools, many lawyers gave up their practices, British titles were surrendered, legislatures were boycotted, and public bonfires of foreign cloth were lit, drastically reducing foreign cloth imports.

4.) How did different regions and communities interpret Gandhiji’s call for Non-Cooperation in their own way?

Answer- Various regions and communities interpreted Gandhiji’s call differently. For example, Patidar peasants in Kheda, Gujarat, organized non-violent campaigns against high land revenue demands, while in Assam, tea garden laborers demanded higher wages and left British-owned plantations in support of Gandhiji’s wish.

5.) What role did the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation alliance play in mobilizing people during the national movement?

Answer- The Khilafat-Non-Cooperation alliance gave immense communal unity and strength to the national movement. It inspired diverse groups, such as Muslim traders and peasants in Sind, Sikhs in Punjab, and forest-dwelling peasants in Andhra Pradesh, to join the movement in different ways to express their grievances against British

Case study 7 –

Gandhiji wished to build class unity, not class conflict, yet peasants could imagine that he would help them in their fight against zamindars, and agricultural labourers believed he would provide them land. At times, ordinary people credited Gandhiji with their own achievements. For instance, at the end of a powerful movement, peasants of Pratapgarh in the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) managed to stop illegal eviction of tenants; but they felt it was Gandhiji who had won this demand for them. At other times, using Gandhiji’s name, tribals and peasants undertook actions that did not conform to Gandhian ideals. Mahatma Gandhi, was against violent movements. He abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movement when in February 1922, a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. Twenty- two policemen were killed on that day. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration. Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies. Through sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India. These parties have held very different ideas about the kind of country India should be. Find out about their ideas with the help of your teacher. The revolutionary nationalist Bhagat Singh too was active in this period. The decade closed with the Congress resolving to fight for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) in 1929 under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru. Consequently, “Independence Day” was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country.

1.) How did Gandhiji’s approach to class unity sometimes create expectations among peasants and agricultural laborers?

Answer- Gandhiji’s emphasis on class unity made peasants and laborers believe that he would support their struggles against zamindars and help them secure land, leading to expectations from him.

2.) Provide an example of how ordinary people credited Gandhiji with their achievements during a powerful movement.

Answer- In Pratapgarh, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), peasants stopped illegal eviction of tenants, and they attributed this success to Gandhiji’s influence.

3.) Why did Gandhiji abruptly call off the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?

Answer- Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 after a violent incident in Chauri Chaura where a crowd of peasants killed twenty-two policemen. He opposed any form of violent protests.

4.) How did Gandhiji’s followers adapt their approach after the Non-Cooperation Movement ended?

Answer- After the Non-Cooperation Movement, Gandhiji’s followers stressed the importance of constructive work in rural areas, focusing on sincere social work to extend their support base.

5.) What major events in the middle of the 20s shaped India’s political environment?

Answer- The main developments were the creation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Communist Party of India, which provided various perspectives on India’s future.

Case study 8 –

Purna Swaraj would never come on its own. It had to be fought for. In 1930, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law. According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of our food. The Salt March related the general desire of freedom to a specific grievance shared by everybody, and thus did not divide the rich and the poor. Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling sea water to produce salt. Peasants, tribals and women participated in large numbers. A business federation published a pamphlet on the salt issue. The government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful satyagrahis. Thousands were sent to jail. The combined struggles of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. The Congress formed governments in 7 out of 11 provinces. In September 1939, after two years of Congress rule in the provinces, the Second World War broke out. Critical of Hitler, Congress leaders were ready to support the British war effort. But in return they wanted that India be granted independence after the war. The British refused to concede the demand. The Congress ministries resigned in protest.

1.) Gandhiji’s Salt March had a specific goal in mind in 1930.

Answer- The purpose of Gandhiji’s Salt March was to protest the unfair charge on such a necessary good and to end the government’s monopoly on salt production and sales.

2.) How did the Salt March link everyone’s shared grievance with the general longing for freedom?

Answer- The salt tax, which affected people from all walks of life and did not foster divisions between the rich and the poor, served as the common grievance with which the Salt March linked the larger independence struggle.

3.) What was the significance of the Government of India Act of 1935?

Answer- The Government of India Act of 1935 provided provincial autonomy and introduced elections to provincial legislatures in 1937, leading to the Congress forming governments in 7 out of 11 provinces.

4.) What happened when the Second World War broke out in September 1939?

Answer- Congress leaders, critical of Hitler, were willing to support the British war effort but demanded independence for India after the war. The British refused, leading to the resignation of Congress ministries in protest.

5.) How did the British respond to the nonviolent movement, including the Salt March?

Answer- The British tried to crush the movement through brutal actions against peaceful satyagrahis, resulting in thousands being sent to jail for their participation in the nonviolent protests.

Case study 9 –

Mahatma Gandhi decided to initiate a new phase of movement against the British in the middle of the Second World War. The British must quit India immediately, he told them. To the people he said, “do or die” in your effort to fight the British – but you must fight non-violently. Gandhiji and other leaders were jailed at once but the movement spread. It specially attracted peasants and the youth who gave up their studies to join it. Communications and symbols of state authority were attacked all over the country. In many areas the people set up their own governments. The first response of the British was severe repression. By the end of 1943, over 90,000 people were arrested, and around 1,000 killed in police firing. In many areas, orders were given to machine-gun crowds from airplanes. The rebellion, however, ultimately brought the Raj to its knees. Meanwhile, in 1940 the Muslim League had moved a resolution demanding “Independent States” for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan. From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate “nation” from the Hindus. In developing this notion, it may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in the 1920s and 1930s. More importantly, the provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. The Congress’s rejection of the League’s desire to form a joint Congress-League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League. The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940s when most Congress leaders were in jail. At the end of the war in 1945, the British opened negotiations between the Congress, the League and themselves for the independence of India. The talks failed because the League saw itself as the sole spokesperson of India’s Muslims. The Congress could not accept this claim since a large number of Muslims still supported it. Elections to the provinces were again held in 1946. The Congress did well in the “General” constituencies but the League’s success in the seats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. It persisted with its demand for “Pakistan”. In March 1946, the British cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine this demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India. This mission suggested that India should remain united and constitute itself as a loose confederation with some autonomy for Muslim-majority areas. But it could not get the Congress and the Muslim League to agree to specific details of the proposal. Partition now became more or less inevitable. After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for winning its Pakistan demand. It announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”. On this day riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and resulting in the death of thousands of people. By March 1947, violence spread to different parts of northern India. Many hundred thousand people were killed and numerous women had to face untold brutalities during the Partition. Millions of people were forced to flee their homes. Torn asunder from their homelands, they were reduced to being refugees in alien lands. Partition also meant that India changed, many of its cities changed, and a new country – Pakistan – was born. So, the joy of our country’s independence from British rule came mixed with the pain and violence of Partition

1.) During the Second World War, Mahatma Gandhi started a new phase of the anti-British agitation for what reason?

Answer- Mahatma Gandhi wished for the British to leave India right away. He exhorted people to engage in nonviolent resistance under the motto “do or die” in order to win freedom.

2.) During the Second World War, how did the British react to Gandhi’s nonviolent movement?

Answer- the British repressed severely, detaining over 90,000 people and shooting over 1,000 of them to death. harsh strategies, such as machine-gunning crowds from aeroplanes, were employed.\

3.) What was the demand of the Muslim League in the 1940 resolution?

Answer- The Muslim League demanded “Independent States” for Muslims in the north-western and eastern regions, without mentioning partition or Pakistan.

4.) What factors led to the rise of the Muslim League and its demand for Pakistan?

Answer- The League sought to enlarge its support base when Congress leaders were jailed in the early 1940s. It saw Muslims as a separate “nation” due to perceived minority status and differences with Congress.

5.) How did the riots in Calcutta in August 1946 contribute to the Partition of India?

Answer- The riots during “Direct Action Day” led to widespread violence in northern India, escalating communal tensions. Eventually, the failure of negotiations andongoing violence made Partition more likely.

Also See: Previous Chapter Case based Questions

We have a strong team of experienced Teachers who are here to solve all your exam preparation doubts

My view to make exams stress free essay in 400 words, amader poribesh class 4 solutions chapter 1 jib jogot, 700 word essay on a nation can develop only if all are educated, dav class 6 sst solution chapter 2 representation of the earth.

Username or Email Address

Remember Me

Antipsychotic-Related DRESS Syndrome: Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database

Original Research Article
Open access
Published: 09 May 2024

Cite this article

You have full access to this open access article

Renato de Filippis ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-1224 1 ,
John M. Kane ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2628-9442 2 , 3 , 4 ,
Elena Arzenton ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-1522 5 ,
Ugo Moretti ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-5807 5 ,
Emanuel Raschi ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-7996 6 ,
Gianluca Trifirò 5 ,
Corrado Barbui ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-9282 7 ,
Pasquale De Fazio ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-3565 1 ,
Chiara Gastaldon ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-2962 7 , 8 na1 &
Georgios Schoretsanitis ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-4117 2 , 3 , 9 na1

Introduction

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is gaining attention in pharmacovigilance, but its association with antipsychotics, other than clozapine, is still unclear.

We conducted a case/non-case study with disproportionality analysis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) global spontaneous reporting database, VigiBase®. We analyzed individual case safety reports of DRESS syndrome related to antipsychotics compared to (1) all other medications in VigiBase®, (2) carbamazepine (a known positive control), and (3) within classes (typical/atypical) of antipsychotics. We calculated reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian information component (IC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Disproportionate reporting was prioritized based on clinical importance, according to predefined criteria. Additionally, we compared characteristics of patients reporting with serious/non-serious reactions.

A total of 1534 reports describing DRESS syndrome for 19 antipsychotics were identified. The ROR for antipsychotics as a class as compared to all other medications was 1.0 (95% CI 0.9–1.1). We found disproportionate reporting for clozapine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1–2.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3), cyamemazine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 0.5–1.7), and chlorpromazine (ROR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1; IC 0.6, 95% CI 0.1–1.0). We found 35.7% of cases with co-reported anticonvulsants, and 25% with multiple concurrent antipsychotics in serious compared to 8.6% in non-serious cases ( p = 0.03). Fatal cases were 164 (10.7%).

Conclusions

Apart from the expected association with clozapine, chlorpromazine and cyamemazine (sharing an aromatic heteropolycyclic molecular structure) emerged with a higher-than-expected reporting of DRESS. Better knowledge of the antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome should increase clinicians’ awareness leading to safer prescribing of antipsychotics.

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

1 Introduction

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, first described in 1950 [ 1 ], refers to a series of serious clinical manifestations induced by hypersensitivity reactions to pharmacotherapy [ 2 , 3 ]. Although its pathogenesis is still debated [ 4 , 5 ], DRESS syndrome has generally a severe and prolonged course, and up to 10% mortality rate, when misdiagnosed and untreated [ 6 , 7 ]. Due to its heterogeneity of clinical manifestations (including fever, skin rash, hematological findings, internal organ involvements, and lymphadenopathy) [ 2 , 8 ] and low incidence, estimated around 1/1000 to 1/10,000 antiepileptic drug exposures [ 9 , 10 ], DRESS syndrome is considered a rare and unpredictable condition, also known as a designated medical event, which is generally serious and with a recognized drug-attributable component; therefore, case reports and analysis of large pharmacovigilance databases represent pivotal sources of real-world data for post-marketing monitoring and characterization of such an adverse drug reaction (ADR) [ 11 ]. DRESS syndrome is classified among severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) [ 12 ], and considering the similar clinical presentation and the probable overlapping pathogenic mechanisms with the drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), it has also been proposed to refer to this condition as DiHS/DRESS syndrome [ 11 , 13 ].

DRESS syndrome has been reported after exposure to several drugs [ 4 , 14 ], and has been primarily associated with antiepileptics, allopurinol, sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and some antibiotics [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. More recently, DRESS syndrome following the use of psychotropic drugs has been reported [ 14 , 16 ]. Specifically, most of the reports of DRESS syndrome have been observed after the use of clozapine [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], describing a peculiar clinical pattern (i.e., fever, eosinophilia, and internal organ involvement) [ 8 ]. Clinical manifestations can be heterogeneous on the basis of the involved drug, thus increasing the challenge of timely DRESS syndrome identification in different contexts and in relation to previously unsuspected drugs [ 8 , 20 ].

Many risk factors as well as demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic features of DRESS syndrome may have been still overlooked; in addition, a comprehensive analysis of the drugs with a strong association with DRESS syndrome, due to limited scientific evidence, is currently lacking [ 19 ]. In this regard, knowledge on antipsychotics, other than clozapine, which are potentially related to DRESS syndrome, is very scarce and limited to a few case reports or sporadic literature data [ 21 , 22 ]. Thus, we need a broader analysis for all antipsychotics, as it is hypothesized that antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome frequency may be underestimated, in line with what has been previously observed also for clozapine [ 17 , 18 ].

In addition, considering the consistent worldwide growing trend in antipsychotic prescription rates since early 2000s, which further increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [ 23 , 24 ], both in children/adolescents and adults [ 25 , 26 ], there is a pressing imperative to gain deeper insights into whether, and to what extent, exposure to antipsychotics—both as a pharmacological class and individually—is associated with DRESS syndrome.

This study aims to analyze the reporting patterns of DRESS syndrome related to antipsychotic drugs recorded in VigiBase®, the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) [ 27 ].

2 Materials and Methods

The protocol was registered in advance on OpenScienceFramework ( https://osf.io/sf34j/ ). Using a case/non-case study design [ 28 ], we conducted a disproportionality analysis on suspected ADRs reported to the WHO global database of ICSRs, VigiBase®, which was established in 1968 and is managed by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) [ 27 ]. With more than 30 million ICSRs from over 170 member countries, VigiBase® is the largest pharmacovigilance database worldwide [ 27 ]. Additional information about the components of ICSRs can be found on the UMC website [ 29 ].

We searched the WHO VigiBase® database using the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Query (SMQ) ‘Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome,’ and we selected all DRESS reports in adults (≥ 18 years old) for which antipsychotic drugs were the suspected/interacting agent (cases), from inception to July 2022. To perform a case/non-case study with disproportionality analysis, we included as non-cases all the reports of other suspected ADRs in adults. We included reports involving 82 typical and atypical antipsychotic agents according to the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) index [ 30 ]. The full list of included antipsychotic agents is reported in the Supplementary Table 1 (see the electronic supplementary material). Detailed information on the items contained in ICSRs are described on the UMC website [ 31 ]. According to WHO policy and the UMC’s guidelines, ICSRs sent from member countries to VigiBase® are anonymized.

2.1 Statistical Analysis

We summarized descriptive statistical information on demographic and clinical characteristics of cases, such as median age (and interquartile range [IQR]), sex, signs/symptoms, median (IQR) symptoms duration, outcomes, median (IQR) duration of antipsychotic treatment, median (IQR) dose of antipsychotic (expressed as a ratio between the dose in milligrams and the defined daily dose [DDD]), and comorbidities/co-medications. We used two disproportionality approaches: we estimated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) [ 32 , 33 ] and the Bayesian information component (IC) [ 34 ] for all drugs with at least four reports of DRESS, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Traditionally used thresholds for disproportionality were adopted (i.e., lower limit of the 95% CI > 1 and > 0 for ROR and IC, respectively), and disproportionality was considered in the case of a statistically significant ROR and IC. A statistically significant disproportionality suggests the existence of a potentially causal association between drug(s) and adverse event(s) that requires further investigation.

We performed three disproportionality analyses. First, we estimated RORs and ICs of antipsychotic-related DRESS compared to all other (non-antipsychotic) drugs registered in VigiBase®. For this analysis, we provided a cumulative ROR and IC for antipsychotics altogether as a group, one for each class of antipsychotics (typical and atypical), and one for each individual antipsychotic.

Second, we calculated the so-called disproportionality by therapeutic area, namely for each individual antipsychotic compared with all other antipsychotics from the same class (e.g., olanzapine versus other atypical antipsychotics). This approach can mitigate potential bias such as confounding by indication and offers a preliminary intraclass analysis by comparing individuals sharing at least a set of common risk factors [ 35 , 36 ].

Finally, we performed the so-called active-comparator disproportionality analysis by employing carbamazepine as a positive control, as carbamazepine has a well-known immunological pathogenetic potential [ 37 ] and, among psychotropic drugs, it is most frequently associated with DRESS syndrome [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 38 ]. The use of an active comparator may limit false-positive findings and reduce channeling bias and provides a clinically relevant comparison [ 39 ].

Further, we compared age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) distribution, dose of antipsychotic (expressed as a ratio of dose to DDD), duration of antipsychotic treatment, duration of DRESS symptoms, co-medications (including anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and miscellaneous), concurrent use of multiple antipsychotics, and oral/long-acting injectable formulations between reports with serious versus non-serious of DRESS syndrome. Last, we performed a sensitivity analysis for ROR calculation including only cases with one suspected/interacting drug, reducing the potential confounding due to co-suspected drugs.

To prioritize pharmacovigilance data, we classified antipsychotics with a statistically significant disproportionality by scoring the following criteria: (1) number of cases of DRESS syndrome/total number of reports of any ADR (0–2 points); (2) number of cases of DRESS syndrome without confounders/number of all cases of DRESS (0–2 points); (3) significant ROR and IC consistent across different analyses (in the main analysis, the intraclass analysis, and with carbamazepine as a comparator) (0–2 points); and (4) magnitude of the lower limit of the 95% CI of the ROR (0–1 point). We reduced the percentage reported from the maximum of 10% to 0.4% in criterion 1 compared to previous works [ 40 ] to adapt it to the DRESS as being a rare ADR. More details about the score assigned to each criterion is reported in the Supplementary Table 2 (see the electronic supplementary material).

3.1 Characteristics of the Study Sample

A total of 1534 reports involving antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome were identified in VigiBase®, with an increasing reporting trend over the years (48.9% of cases reported in the last 10 years, 2013–2022). Of these, 164 were fatal cases (10.7%). The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients experiencing DRESS syndrome are provided in Table 1 . For cases of DRESS, the median age was 41.0 (IQR 29.0–54.0) years, with a slightly higher prevalence of males ( n of males = 892, 58.1%), the median BMI was 23.9 kg/m 2 (IQR 21.3–28.4), the median reported dose of antipsychotic was 0.7 DDDs (IQR 0.2–1.3), and the median duration of antipsychotic treatment was 22.0 days (IQR 12.0–52.0). The median duration of DRESS symptoms was 11.0 days (IQR 5.0–25.0). The most represented route of administration was oral (998 cases, 65.1%). Of the cases, 691 (45.0%) were concurrently prescribed another co-medication with DRESS-related potential [ 4 , 6 , 14 ]: 547 cases had an anticonvulsant (35.7%), 91 had an antibiotic (5.9%), while 53 presented other drugs (ibuprofen, ramipril, sulfasalazine, allopurinol) (3.5%). Reports were mostly derived from the United States ( n = 391, 25.5%) and, considering the reporters, from physicians ( n = 698, 45.5%) (Table 1 ).

3.2 Antipsychotics Versus All Other Drugs

We did not find disproportionate reporting for all antipsychotics as a group, when compared to all other drugs (ROR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.1; IC 0.0, 95% CI − 0.1 to 0.1). However, we found a marginal disproportionality of DRESS syndrome for atypical antipsychotics when compared to all other medications (ROR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; IC 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.2), but not for typical antipsychotics (ROR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0; IC −0.2, 95% CI − 0.4 to 0.0) (Table 2 ). We found disproportionate reporting for clozapine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1–2.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3), cyamemazine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 0.5–1.7), and chlorpromazine (ROR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1; IC 0.6, 95% CI 0.1–1.0) (as illustrated in Figure 1 ). Detailed ROR and IC values, with their corresponding 95% CIs, for each antipsychotic, each pharmacological class of antipsychotics, and antipsychotics overall are provided in Table 2 .

Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals for each antipsychotic (ROR > 1 indicates increased reporting of DRESS syndrome associated with antipsychotics; all other drugs were considered as a comparator). DRESS drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

3.3 Antipsychotics Versus Carbamazepine

DRESS syndrome for antipsychotics as a group was not disproportionately reported as compared to carbamazepine (ROR 0.13; 95% CI 0.12–0.14; IC −0.56, 95% CI − 0.61 to − 0.52). The same holds true for typical (ROR 0.04, 95% CI 0.04–0.05; IC − 3.25, 95% CI − 3.5 to − 3.07) and atypical antipsychotics (ROR 0.05, 95% CI 0.05–0.06; IC − 1.5, 95% CI − 1.59 to − 1.43), when analyzed separately. The evaluation comparing individual antipsychotic medications to carbamazepine found that for the three antipsychotics showing a DRESS safety signal in the primary analysis, there was no disproportional report of DRESS syndrome cases when compared to carbamazepine (Table 3 ).

3.4 Antipsychotics Intraclass Comparison

Disproportionate reporting of DRESS syndrome for chlorpromazine, cyamemazine, and clozapine, as compared to other antipsychotics within their respective pharmacological classes, was found. Accordingly, statistically significant disproportionality was observed for chlorpromazine (ROR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31–2.72; IC 0.92, 95% CI 0.37–1.31) and cyamemazine (ROR 2.82, 95% CI 1.82–4.37; IC 1.38, 95% CI 0.68–1.87) among the typical antipsychotics, and for clozapine (ROR 4.23, 95% CI 3.76–4.76; IC 1.47, 95% CI 1.35–1.55) among the atypical antipsychotics group (as outlined in Supplementary Table 3; see the electronic supplementary material).

3.5 Comparison of Serious Versus Non‑serious DRESS Syndrome Reports

We did not identify any difference between individuals experiencing serious ( n = 1055) versus non-serious ( n = 39) DRESS syndrome (Table 4 ). We observed a trend showing that males have a higher risk of serious DRESS syndrome compared to females (odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 0.93–3.86; p = 0.07). Antipsychotic treatment showed a trend of a longer duration in serious versus non-serious reactions (22.00 days, quartile 1–3 [Q1–Q3] 12.00–46.00, vs. 16.00 days, Q1–Q3 4.00–23.00, p = 0.10). We did not detect differences for reported co-prescription agents, although there was a trend for more frequent co-medication with antibiotic in serious versus non-serious cases ( n = 55, 7.9% vs. n = 0, 0%, p = 0.07). We found a difference between serious and non-serious DRESS syndrome cases in terms of concurrent use of multiple antipsychotics (serious [ n = 245] 25% vs. non-serious [ n = 3] 8.6%, p = 0.03), while this was not found regarding oral/long-acting injectable formulations (serious n = 577/18 vs. non-serious n = 16/2, p = 0.11).

3.6 Ranking of Pharmacovigilance Disproportionate Reporting

We ranked the identified disproportionate reporting for clozapine, chlorpromazine, and cyamemazine, the three drugs with disproportionate reporting, using a clinical priority score. All of them were appointed with the highest clinical priority (as shown in Supplementary Table 4; see the electronic supplementary material).

4 Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first post-marketing investigation on DRESS syndrome related to antipsychotics, but not limited to clozapine, using the largest pharmacovigilance database. The results of our study showed notable statistical associations between DRESS syndrome and three antipsychotics of both typical (i.e., chlorpromazine and cyamemazine) and atypical (i.e., clozapine) classes. However, disproportionality did not emerge when compared to carbamazepine, a well-known DRESS syndrome-inducing drug.

These results are extremely relevant as these drugs are widely prescribed. To date, clozapine remains the only licensed antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia [ 41 ]; chlorpromazine is one of the most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in China and African countries [ 42 , 43 ], but also in some European countries such as the UK [ 25 , 44 ], and it is included in the WHO online repository of essential medicines lists (EMLs) in many countries [ 45 ]; and cyamemazine is the second most frequently prescribed antipsychotic in France [ 46 ], and its use is also authorized in Portugal [ 47 ]. Thus, the heightened reporting of DRESS syndrome in patients using three specific antipsychotics highlights a potential oversight in understanding the link between drug exposure and adverse event reporting. Given the rarity and often overlooked nature of DRESS syndrome, the number of reported cases within a drug class can serve as a proxy for drug exposure in the population. This insight is valuable for estimating and comparing drug exposure using pharmacovigilance databases.

In addition, these results are highly relevant given the paucity of data reported in the literature, which has mainly focused on clozapine [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Instead, the role of chlorpromazine and cyamemazine in potentially causing DRESS is extremely limited, and has not been previously described. Cyamemazine is a typical antipsychotic with D 2 , 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , and 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist activity, anxiolytic properties, and a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects [ 48 ]. Interestingly, cyamemazine shares an aromatic heteropolycyclic molecular structure with clozapine and chlorpromazine [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], a common structural characteristic among several other DRESS syndrome-related drugs, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine [ 11 , 52 ]. Although the full pathogenesis of DRESS syndrome is still unknown, many hypotheses support the role of intermediate metabolites of aromatic anticonvulsants (e.g., arene oxides) [ 53 ]. Other plausible hypotheses are delayed cell-mediated immune responses, genetic predisposition related to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes with an immunological mechanism, graft-versus-host disease, and human herpes virus (HHV)-6 infection/reactivation [ 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. This would explain the disproportionate reporting found in this study for three antipsychotics with aromatic structure and with immunological effects.

There is little data on chlorpromazine and DRESS syndrome, with only three published case reports. The first one, recently described by Ghozlane and colleagues, was a suspected case of DRESS syndrome probably triggered by chlorpromazine [ 22 ]. In their literature review of antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome, they identified only another case associated with chlorpromazine. The second chlorpromazine-related DRESS syndrome case was a female diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, and was effectively managed with corticosteroid therapy [ 60 ]. Finally, the third published case was a patient who developed DRESS syndrome after taking olanzapine with sodium valproate, and previous chlorpromazine-based treatment [ 61 ]. The unconfirmed hypothesis was that chlorpromazine may have sensitized the patient to the onset of DRESS syndrome. A potential explanation of the relationship between chlorpromazine and DRESS syndrome could involve a delayed hypersensitivity immune response [ 62 ], considering that prolonged use of chlorpromazine has been linked to the development of a lupus-like circulating anticoagulant and various immunological abnormalities [ 63 ]. However, this hypothesis would not explain cases of early DRESS onset, which, similar to clozapine, could be explained by a number of other factors, such as genetic predisposition, polypharmacy, and comorbidities [ 18 ].

Ultimately, clozapine has been identified as the antipsychotic most burdened by the association with DRESS syndrome, in line with previous literature [ 17 ]. To date, the most extensive pharmacovigilance analysis of the EudraVigilance identified a total of 47 cases of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome and, when added to the 27 cases previously identified from the literature review [ 18 ], raises the total to 74 clozapine-related DRESS cases [ 17 ]. The results obtained from VigiBase® confirm and extend the analysis of the EudraVigilance. The high reporting of clozapine-related DRESS could be explained both by pathogenic reasons as well as by the stringent safety monitoring dedicated to clozapine in routine care [ 64 ]. As we previously discussed, clozapine’s aromatic structure may support some hypothesis about its immunomodulating effects [ 65 ]. However, following this hypothesis, other drugs sharing similar structural characteristics (e.g., olanzapine, quetiapine) should also induce adverse events related to hypersensitivity, but current data are not consistent in this respect [ 16 ]. One hypothesis is that DRESS could be a hypersensitivity syndrome connected to a specific chemical structure such as dibenzazepine derivatives (e.g., clozapine and carbamazepine), with some of these characteristics also shared by other commonly utilized psychotropic substances, such as tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline) or second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine, olanzapine, clotiapine, asenapine) [ 66 , 67 ]. In this regard, a connection between clozapine-induced T cell hyperstimulation has been proposed, which could lead to eosinophil activation and recruitment [ 6 ]. In essence, individuals undergoing clozapine treatment may develop a distinctive immunological profile, susceptible to DRESS syndrome together with other inflammation reactions [ 68 ]. Based on this assumption, clozapine-related DRESS syndrome would fit within the spectrum of immunological and inflammatory reactions extensively studied with clozapine [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Another partial explanation for the high number of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome cases could be the well-established safety monitoring of clozapine in routine care, which could help the timely recognition and reporting of any suspected adverse reaction, including the often underdiagnosed DRESS syndrome [ 72 ].

One final interesting result is the identification of a subgroup of patients more susceptible to severe or long-lasting DRESS syndrome. Although our analysis was not conclusive, probably due to the lack of power, we identified some trends. Males with longer duration of symptoms and co-prescribed antibiotics were more at risk of severe reactions. The median dose was lower than the DDD in both serious and non-serious cases, suggesting that DRESS may have occurred during antipsychotic titration. Additionally, literature supports the idea that the risk of antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome may increase in patients taking multiple medications, independently from the antipsychotic dose [ 17 ]. We identified a similar trend, as serious cases had co-medications with anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and other medications, whereas non-serious cases only had co-medications in a small percentage of cases. In addition, combinations of more than two antipsychotics were more common in serious cases of DRESS than in non-serious cases. Finally, the role of synergies between antipsychotics must also be considered when assessing the risk of DRESS.

4.1 Limitations and Strengths

There are some limitations to consider when interpreting the findings of this study. Firstly, we acknowledge the well-known limitations of pharmacovigilance research [ 28 , 73 ], such as the inability to establish causality and the lack of denominators to calculate incidence rates.

Indeed, under-reporting represents a well-known limitation of pharmacovigilance data. This concern would suggest that ADRs may be more frequent than what is reported in pharmacovigilance databases, and therefore the absence of signals for a particular drug should not be interpreted as an endorsement of safety. Additionally, notoriety bias cannot be ruled out, especially for clozapine [ 74 ], which can lead generally to an increase in spontaneous reports following a safety alert or when concerns are raised in the literature [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Increased reporting of known adverse reactions for a specific drug may cause the so-called competition bias by masking the identification of rare side effects for other drugs. This may explain the lack of disproportionality for different antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine) despite the number of reported DRESS cases not being negligible. Despite these limitations, our scoring system used well-established criteria trying to overcome this limitation and trying to establish clinical relevance of safety signals [ 78 ]. Another limitation is the overlap between the nonspecific and systemic symptoms of DRESS syndrome and those of other conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome or poor tolerance to the drug, making differential diagnosis challenging [ 79 , 80 , 81 ]. Likewise, the lack of clinical details did not allow us to fully apply RegiSCAR criteria. However, we chose the most conservative definition of DRESS syndrome, and identified cases confirmed by the VigiBase® case classification. Moreover, our analysis did not provide an intraclass comparison between chemically different substances (e.g., phenothiazines, thioxanthen derivatives, dibenzazepine derivatives) although a chemical-based approach focusing on substances with similar structurers could add some valuable insights to the etiology of antipsychotic-related DRESS, and it is desirable for future investigations. Finally, the lack of information on the modality of antipsychotic initiation makes it difficult to determine whether slower antipsychotic titration could mitigate antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome. Despite these limitations, in the case of DRESS syndrome, pharmacovigilance databases prove to be robust tools for identifying and characterizing rare ADRs in real-world setting [ 11 , 40 , 82 ]. Considering that studying rare ADRs, such as DRESS syndrome, with prospective and interventional or observational studies is difficult and would require a huge number of participants [ 11 , 83 , 84 ], pharmacovigilance databases may be a suitable data source to provide initial ranking within a given therapeutic class [ 82 ].

4.2 Clinical Implications

In the process of weighing potential clinical advantages and disadvantages of antipsychotic use, it is crucial not to overlook DRESS syndrome, although rare. When prescribing antipsychotics, physicians should be aware of the potential onset of DRESS syndrome, which may vary across different antipsychotics. When prescribing antipsychotics with a clear potential for DRESS, such as clozapine, carbamazepine, and cyamemazine, physicians should actively monitor patients for early signs of DRESS syndrome, such as fever, eosinophilia, rash, and/or internal organ involvements. Additional monitoring may be required for certain subgroups of patients receiving the abovementioned antipsychotics. This includes men who have recently started new antipsychotic therapy with high-risk antipsychotics and with other DRESS-related drugs. It is crucial to closely monitor these patients, as they might experience more severe DRESS syndrome manifestations with potentially serious/fatal outcomes [ 17 ].

Current guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of DRESS syndrome are limited and could be expanded to include information on antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome for clozapine, chlorpromazine, and cyamemazine [ 85 ].

5 Conclusion

Using the world’s largest database of spontaneous reports, clozapine, chlorpromazine, and cyamemazine, which share an aromatic heteropolycyclic molecular structure similar to other antipsychotics less associated with DRESS, were associated with higher-than-expected reports of DRESS syndrome compared with other drugs. Although we recognize that DRESS syndrome represents only a small portion of the total number of potential antipsychotic-related suspected ADR reports, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential onset of DRESS syndrome, especially for those antipsychotics. Further research is needed to strengthen these findings, investigating the biological plausibility of these results and potentially identifying antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome risk-minimization strategies.

Chaiken BH, Goldberg BI, Segal JP. Dilantin sensitivity. N Engl J Med. 1950;242:897–8. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM195006082422304 .

Article CAS Google Scholar

Kardaun SH, Sidoroff A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Halevy S, Davidovici BB, Mockenhaupt M, et al. Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist? Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:609–11.

Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y, Chu CY, Creamer D, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:1071–80.

Camous X, Calbo S, Picard D, Musette P. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an update on pathogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012;24:730–5.

Hama N, Abe R, Gibson A, Phillips EJ. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): clinical features and pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10:1155-1167.e5.

Corneli HM. DRESS syndrome: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33:499–502.

Article Google Scholar

Wolff K, Allen R, Arturo J, Saavedra P, Roh E. Fitzpatrick’s color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology. In: Suurmond D (ed) 8th ed. McGraw Hill; 2018; pp. 564–5.

de Filippis R, De Fazio P, Kane JM, Schoretsanitis G. Core clinical manifestations of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome: a network analysis. Schizophr Res. 2022;243:451–3.

Shiohara T, Kano Y. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): incidence, pathogenesis and management. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2017.1270940 .

Fiszenson-Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, Farinotti R, Durand-Stocco C, Crickx B, et al. A 6-month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:1018–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05584.x .

de Filippis R, De Fazio P, Kane J, Schoretsanitis G. Pharmacovigilance approaches to study rare and very rare side-effects: example of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2022;21:858–587.

Wilkerson RG. Drug hypersensitivity reactions. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2022;40:39–55.

Miyagawa F, Asada H. Current perspective regarding the immunopathogenesis of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS). Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:2147.

Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, Meyer O, Speirs C, Finzi L, et al. The DRESS syndrome: a literature review. Am J Med. 2011;124:588–97.

Mori F, Caffarelli C, Caimmi S, Bottau P, Liotti L, Franceschini F, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in children. Acta Biomed. 2019;90:66–79.

CAS Google Scholar

Renda F, Landoni G, Bertini Malgarini R, Assisi A, Azzolini ML, Mucchetti M, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): a national analysis of data from 10-year post-marketing surveillance. Drug Saf. 2015;38:1211–8.

de Filippis R, Kane JM, Kuzo N, Spina E, De Sarro G, de Leon J, et al. Screening the European pharmacovigilance database for reports of clozapine-related DRESS syndrome: 47 novel cases. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;60:25–37.

de Filippis R, Soldevila-Matías P, Guinart D, De Fazio P, Rubio JM, Kane JM, et al. Unravelling cases of clozapine-related drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in patients reported otherwise: a systematic review. J Psychopharmacol. 2021;35:1062–73.

de Filippis R, Soldevila-Matías P, De Fazio P, Guinart D, Fuentes-Durá I, Rubio JM, et al. Clozapine-related drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: a systematic review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13:875–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2020.1787831 .

Sim DW, Yu JE, Jeong J, Jung J-W, Kang H-R, Kang DY, et al. Variation of clinical manifestations according to culprit drugs in DRESS syndrome. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019;28:840–8.

Taleb S, Zgueb Y, Ouali U, Jomli R, Kort Y, Nacef F. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome related to aripiprazole therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019;39:691–3. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001138 .

Ghozlane L, Asma J, Ahmed Z, Ons C, Sarrah K, Riadh D, et al. Antipsychotics induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: literature review and a report of a suspected case related to chlorpromazine. Curr Drug Saf. 2023;18:571–5.

Leong C, Kowalec K, Eltonsy S, Bolton JM, Enns MW, Tan Q, et al. Psychotropic medication use before and during COVID-19: a population-wide study. Front Pharmacol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.886652/full .

Ojeahere MI, de Filippis R, Ransing R, Karaliuniene R, Ullah I, Bytyçi DG, et al. Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: the lessons thus far. Brain, Behav Immun Health. 2020;9:100147 ( Under Rev ).

Radojčić MR, Pierce M, Hope H, Senior M, Taxiarchi VP, Trefan L, et al. Trends in antipsychotic prescribing to children and adolescents in England: cohort study using 2000–19 primary care data. Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10:119–28.

Hálfdánarson Ó, Zoëga H, Aagaard L, Bernardo M, Brandt L, Fusté AC, et al. International trends in antipsychotic use: a study in 16 countries, 2005–2014. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;27:1064–76.

Lindquist M. VigiBase, the WHO global ICSR database system: basic facts. Drug Inf J. 2008;42:409–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/009286150804200501 .

Faillie J-L. Case–non-case studies: principle, methods, bias and interpretation. Therapies. 2019;74:225–32.

Uppsala Monitoring Centre. Individual case safety reports and VigiBase—the vital importance of quality. 2012. https://who-umc.org/media/163807/vigibase-the-vital-importance-of-quality-2017.pdf

World Health Organization (WHO). ATC/DDD Index 2023. 2023. https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/

World Health Organization (WHO). Uppsala Monitoring Center. https://who-umc.org/

van Puijenbroek EP, Bate A, Leufkens HGM, Lindquist M, Orre R, Egberts ACG. A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2002;11:3–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.668 .

Rothman KJ, Lanes S, Sacks ST. The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13:519–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.1001 .

Bate A, Lindquist M, Edwards IR, Olsson S, Orre R, Lansner A, et al. A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54:315–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050466 .

Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Koci A, Moretti U, Spina E, Behr ER, et al. Antipsychotics and torsadogenic risk: signals emerging from the US FDA adverse event reporting system database. Drug Saf. 2013;36:467–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-013-0032-z .

Grundmark B, Holmberg L, Garmo H, Zethelius B. Reducing the noise in signal detection of adverse drug reactions by standardizing the background: a pilot study on analyses of proportional reporting ratios-by-therapeutic area. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70:627–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-014-1658-1 .

Simper GS, Hò G-GT, Celik AA, Huyton T, Kuhn J, Kunze-Schumacher H, et al. Carbamazepine-mediated adverse drug reactions: CBZ-10,11-epoxide but not carbamazepine induces the alteration of peptides presented by HLA-B. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:1–12.

Husain Z, Reddy BY, Schwartz RA. DRESS syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68:693.e1-693.e14.

Alkabbani W, Gamble J. Active-comparator restricted disproportionality analysis for pharmacovigilance signal detection studies of chronic disease medications: an example using sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;89:431–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15178 .

Gastaldon C, Schoretsanitis G, Arzenton E, Raschi E, Papola D, Ostuzzi G, et al. Withdrawal syndrome following discontinuation of 28 antidepressants: pharmacovigilance analysis of 31,688 reports from the WHO spontaneous reporting database. Drug Saf. 2022;45:1539–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01246-4 .

Siskind D, McCartney L, Goldschlager R, Kisely S. Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;209:385–92.

Xing M, Sheng J, Cui M, Su Y, Zhang C, Chen X, et al. Differing prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndromes between chlorpromazine and clozapine: a 10-year retrospective study of a male Chinese cohort. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2022;20:1969–77.

Rukat A, Musisi S, Ströhle A, Mundt AP. Prescription patterns of psychotropic medications for the treatment of psychotic disorders in the largest mental health institutions of Uganda. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;34:571–6.

Meraya AM, Banji OJF, Khobrani MA, Alhossan A. Evaluation of psychotropic medications use among elderly with psychiatric disorders in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2021;29:603–8.

Todesco B, Ostuzzi G, Barbui C. Mapping the selection, availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for mental health conditions at a global level. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2022;31: e22.

Rolland B, Dalon F, Gauthier N, Nourredine M, Bérard M, Carton L, et al. Antipsychotic prescribing practices in real-life (APPREAL study): findings from the French National Healthcare System Database (2007–2017). Front Psychiatry. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1021780/full .

Kovess-Masfety V, Balusson F, Leray E, Husky M, Scailteux L. Prescription patterns of first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs in the French population. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2020;34:603–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12553 .

Benyamina A, Arbus C, Nuss P, Garay RP, Neliat G, Hameg A. Affinity of cyamemazine metabolites for serotonin, histamine and dopamine receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;578:142–7.

Jafari S, Fernandez-Enright F, Huang X-F. Structural contributions of antipsychotic drugs to their therapeutic profiles and metabolic side effects. J Neurochem. 2012;120:371–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07590.x .

Phenothiazine MS. The parent molecule. Curr Drug Targets. 2006;7:1181–9.

Fehsel K, Schwanke K, Kappel B, Fahimi E, Meisenzahl-Lechner E, Esser C, et al. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by clozapine induces preadipocyte differentiation and contributes to endothelial dysfunction. J Psychopharmacol. 2022;36:191–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211055811 .

Yun S, Lee J, Kim E, Quan G, Kim S, Won Y, et al. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms induced by valproate and carbamazepine: formation of circulating auto-antibody against 190-kDa antigen. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86:241–4.

Stirton H, Shear NH, Dodiuk-Gad RP. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)—readdressing the DReSS. Biomedicines. 2022;10:999.

Leeder JS, Riley RJ, Cook VA, Spielberg SP. Human anti-cytochrome P450 antibodies in aromatic anticonvulsant-induced hypersensitivity reactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992;263:360–7.

Descamps V, Bouscarat F, Laglenne S, Aslangul E, Veber B, Descamps D, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infection associated with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and reactive haemophagocytic syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 1997;137:605–8.

Kano Y, Inaoka M, Shiohara T. Association between anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and hypogammaglobulinemia. Arch Dermatol. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.140.2.183 .

Scheuerman O, Nofech-Moses Y, Rachmel A, Ashkenazi S. Successful treatment of antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome with intravenous immune globulin. Pediatrics. 2001;107:e14–e14.

De A, Rajagopalan M, Sarda A, Das S, Biswas P. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an update and review of recent literature. Indian J Dermatol. 2018;63:30.

Choudhary S, McLeod M, Torchia D, Romanelli P. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013;6:31–7.

Google Scholar

Gowda SM, Kumar KGV, Shilpa K. Chlorpromazine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42:99–101. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_364_19 .

Penchilaiya V, Kuppili PP, Preeti K, Bharadwaj B. DRESS syndrome: addressing the drug hypersensitivity syndrome on combination of sodium valproate and olanzapine. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017;28:175–6.

Kar S, Yadav S, Dhanasekaran S. Chlorpromazine-induced severe exfoliative photoallergic reaction. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2015;5:34.

Canoso RT, Sise HS. Chlorpromazine-induced lupus anticoagulant and associated immunologic abnormalities. Am J Hematol. 1982;13:121–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830130204 .

de Leon J, Ruan C-J, Schoretsanitis G, Rohde C, Yağcıoğlu EA, Baptista T, et al. An international guideline with six personalised titration schedules for preventing myocarditis and pneumonia associated with clozapine. Gen Psychiatry. 2022;35:e100773. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2022-100773 .

Røge R, Møller BK, Andersen CR, Correll CU, Nielsen J. Immunomodulatory effects of clozapine and their clinical implications: What have we learned so far? Schizophr Res. 2012;140:204–13.

Bruhwyler J, Liégeois JF, Lejeune C, Rogister F, Delarge J, Géczy J. New dibenzazepine derivatives with disinhibitory and/or antidepressant potential: neurochemical and behavioural study in the open-field and forced swimming tests. Behav Pharmacol. 1995;6:830–8.

Lawthom C, Peltola J, McMurray R, Dodd E, Villanueva V. Dibenzazepine agents in epilepsy: how does eslicarbazepine acetate differ? Neurol Ther. 2018;7:195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-018-0111-2 .

de Filippis R, De las Cuevas C, Sanz EJ, Schoretsanitis G, Correll CU, de Leon J. Clozapine-associated pericarditis and pancreatitis in children and adolescents: A systematic literature review and pharmacovigilance study using the VigiBase database. Schizophr Res. 2023; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0920996423003870 .

de Leon J. Reflections on the complex history of the concept of clozapine-induced inflammation during titration. Psychiatr Danub. 2022;34:411–21.

de Leon J, Ruan C-J, Verdoux H, Wang C. Clozapine is strongly associated with the risk of pneumonia and inflammation. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33: e100183. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100183 .

Amerio A, Magnani L, Arduino G, Fesce F, de Filippis R, Parise A, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of clozapine: more than just a side effect in schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023;22:1233–47.

Correll CU, Agid O, Crespo-Facorro B, de Bartolomeis A, Fagiolini A, Seppälä N, et al. A guideline and checklist for initiating and managing clozapine treatment in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2022;36:659–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-022-00932-2 .

Raschi E, Poluzzi E, Salvo F, Pariente A, De Ponti F, Marchesini G, et al. Pharmacovigilance of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: what a clinician should know on disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reporting systems. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28:533–42.

Ak T, Erdem S, Durmus RB, Kimyon U, Engin B, Bavunoglu I. How to recognize and manage challenging <scp>DRESS</scp> cases: two case reports and a review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.15785 .

Rani F, Murray ML, Byrne PJ, Wong ICK. Epidemiologic features of antipsychotic prescribing to children and adolescents in primary care in the United Kingdom. Pediatrics. 2008;121:1002–9.

Verdoux H, Tournier M, Begaud B. Antipsychotic prescribing trends: a review of pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121:4–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01425.x .

Pariente A, Gregoire F, Fourrier-Reglat A, Haramburu F, Moore N. Impact of safety alerts on measures of disproportionality in spontaneous reporting databases. Drug Saf. 2007;30:891–8. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200730100-00007 .

Gatti M, Antonazzo IC, Diemberger I, De Ponti F, Raschi E. Adverse events with sacubitril/valsartan in the real world: emerging signals to target preventive strategies from the FDA adverse event reporting system. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28:983–9.

Warnock JK, Morris DW. Adverse cutaneous reactions to antipsychotics. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3:629–36. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200203090-00005 .

Nurenberg JR, Schleifer SJ. Reported allergies to antipsychotic agents in a long-term psychiatric hospital. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009;15:489–92.

Guinart D, Misawa F, Rubio JM, Pereira J, de Filippis R, Gastaldon C, et al. A systematic review and pooled, patient-level analysis of predictors of mortality in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021;144:329–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13359 .

Khouri C, Petit C, Tod M, Lepelley M, Revol B, Roustit M, et al. Adverse drug reaction risks obtained from meta-analyses and pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses are correlated in most cases. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;134:14–21.

Chan EW, Liu KQL, Chui CSL, Sing C-W, Wong LYL, Wong ICK. Adverse drug reactions—examples of detection of rare events using databases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80:855–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12474 .

Guinart D, Misawa F, Rubio JM, Pereira J, Sharma H, Schoretsanitis G, et al. Outcomes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with depot versus oral antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;82. https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/outcomes-of-nms-with-depot-versus-oral-antipsychotics.aspx .

Cabañas R, Ramírez E, Sendagorta E, Alamar R, Barranco R, Blanca-López N, et al. Spanish Guidelines for Diagnosis, Management, Treatment and Prevention of DRESS syndrome. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol; 2020. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31932268 .

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), which provided and gave permission to use the data analyzed in the present study. The authors are indebted to the national centers that make up the World Health Organization (WHO) Program for International Drug Monitoring and contribute reports to VigiBase®. The information comes from a variety of sources, and the probability that the suspected adverse effect is drug related is not the same in all cases. Information and conclusion do not represent the opinion of the UMC or the WHO.

Author information

Chiara Gastaldon and Georgios Schoretsanitis have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy

Renato de Filippis & Pasquale De Fazio

The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA

John M. Kane & Georgios Schoretsanitis

Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA

Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA

John M. Kane

Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

Elena Arzenton, Ugo Moretti & Gianluca Trifirò

Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Emanuel Raschi

WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy

Corrado Barbui & Chiara Gastaldon

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Chiara Gastaldon

Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Georgios Schoretsanitis

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renato de Filippis .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

No commercial organizations had any role in the writing of this paper for publication. In the last 3 years, RdF has received speaker fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Lundbeck and travel support from Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, and ROVI Pharma Industrial Services. JMK has been a consultant and/or advisor for, or has received honoraria from, Alkermes, Allergan, LB Pharmaceuticals, H. Lundbeck, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, Newron, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre, Reviva, Roche, Sumitomo Dainippon, Sunovion, Takeda, Teva, and UpToDate and is a shareholder in LB Pharmaceuticals and Vanguard Research Group. GT participated in advisory boards and seminars on topics not related to this presentation and sponsored by the following pharmaceutical companies in the last 2 years: Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Amgen, Novo Nordisk, Sobi, Gilead, Celgene, and Daikii Sankyo. He is also scientific coordinator of the academic spin-off INSPIRE, which carried out in the last 2 years observational studies/systematic reviews on topics not related to the content of this presentation and which were funded by PTC Pharmaceutics, Kiowa Kirin, Shonogi, Shire, Chiesi, and Daiichi Sankyo. GS has received speaker/consultation fees from Dexcel Pharma, HLS Therapeutics, Saladax, and Thermo Fisher. In the last 3 years, the remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.

Author Contributions

All authors formulated the research question and designed the study, carrying it out. EA, UM, and GT extracted the data, based on the search strategy defined by RdF, CG, and GS. RdF, CG, and GS analyzed the data. All authors interpreted the results. RdF wrote the first draft of this article. All authors reviewed, provided modifications, and approved the final version of the study.

Data Availability

VigiBase® does not allow the distribution of the files with each case of DRESS, but in the tables and in the electronic supplementary material, all detailed information needed to perform the analyses is provided, i.e., number of cases, non-cases, number of other AEs, and total number of reports in VigiBase®. Other requests for data can be submitted to the corresponding UMC. The code will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Ethical Approval

The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of University Hospital Mater Domini of Catanzaro (Italy) ‘Regione Calabria, sezione Area Centro’ (n. 103/April 21 st , 2022). VigiBase®, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs), is the source of the information; the information comes from a variety of sources, and the probability that the suspected adverse effect is drug related is not the same in all cases; the information does not represent the opinion of the UMC or the WHO. According to WHO policy and UMC guidelines, reports sent from the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring (PIDM) member countries to VigiBase® are anonymized. Identifiable data are not published.

Consent to Participate

Patient consent was waived as VigiBase® database contains anonymized data that cannot allow patients’ identification.

Consent to Publish

Not applicable.

Code Availability

The code will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 136 KB)

Rights and permissions.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ .

Reprints and permissions

About this article

de Filippis, R., Kane, J.M., Arzenton, E. et al. Antipsychotic-Related DRESS Syndrome: Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database. Drug Saf (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01431-7

Download citation

Accepted : 10 April 2024

Published : 09 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01431-7

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

Andhra Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
West Bengal
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Jammu & Kashmir
NCERT Books 2022-23
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Notes
NCERT Exemplar Books
NCERT Exemplar Solution
States UT Book
School Kits & Lab Manual
NCERT Books 2021-22
NCERT Books 2020-21
NCERT Book 2019-2020
NCERT Book 2015-2016
RD Sharma Solution
TS Grewal Solution
TR Jain Solution
Selina Solution
Frank Solution
ML Aggarwal Solution
Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Solution
I.E.Irodov solutions
ICSE - Goyal Brothers Park
ICSE - Dorothy M. Noronhe
Sandeep Garg Textbook Solution
Micheal Vaz Solution
S.S. Krotov Solution
Evergreen Science
KC Sinha Solution
ICSE - ISC Jayanti Sengupta, Oxford
ICSE Focus on History
ICSE GeoGraphy Voyage
ICSE Hindi Solution
ICSE Treasure Trove Solution
Thomas & Finney Solution
SL Loney Solution
SB Mathur Solution
P Bahadur Solution
Narendra Awasthi Solution
MS Chauhan Solution
LA Sena Solution
Integral Calculus Amit Agarwal Solution
IA Maron Solution
Hall & Knight Solution
Errorless Solution
Pradeep's KL Gogia Solution
OP Tandon Solutions
Sample Papers
Previous Year Question Paper
Value Based Questions
CBSE Syllabus
CBSE MCQs PDF
Assertion & Reason
New Revision Notes
Revision Notes
HOTS Question
Marks Wise Question
Toppers Answer Sheets
Exam Paper Aalysis
Concept Map
CBSE Text Book
Additional Practice Questions
Vocational Book
CBSE - Concept
KVS NCERT CBSE Worksheets
Formula Class Wise
Formula Chapter Wise
JEE Crash Course
JEE Previous Year Paper
Important Info
JEE Mock Test
JEE Sample Papers
SRM-JEEE Mock Test
VITEEE Mock Test
BITSAT Mock Test
Manipal Engineering Mock Test
AP EAMCET Previous Year Paper
COMEDK Previous Year Paper
GUJCET Previous Year Paper
KCET Previous Year Paper
KEAM Previous Year Paper
Manipal Previous Year Paper
MHT CET Previous Year Paper
WBJEE Previous Year Paper
AMU Previous Year Paper
TS EAMCET Previous Year Paper
SRM-JEEE Previous Year Paper
VITEEE Previous Year Paper
BITSAT Previous Year Paper
UPSEE Previous Year Paper
CGPET Previous Year Paper
CUSAT Previous Year Paper
AEEE Previous Year Paper
Crash Course
Previous Year Paper
NCERT Based Short Notes
NCERT Based Tests
NEET Sample Paper
Previous Year Papers
Quantitative Aptitude
Numerical Aptitude Data Interpretation
General Knowledge
Mathematics
Agriculture
Accountancy
Business Studies
Political science
Enviromental Studies
Mass Media Communication
Teaching Aptitude
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
SAINIK SCHOOL (AISSEE)
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Civil Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
CBSE Board News
Scholarship Olympiad
School Admissions
Entrance Exams
All Board Updates
Miscellaneous
State Wise Books
Engineering Exam
Daily Updates

CBSE Class 8th English 2023 : Chapter-wise Competency-Based Test Items with Answers; Download PDF

CBSE Class 8th Science 2023 : Chapter-wise Competency-Based Test Items with Answers; Download PDF

CBSE Class 8th Mathematics 2023 : Chapter-wise Competency-Based Test Items with Answers; Download PDF

CBSE Class 8th Maths 2023 : Competency-Based Practice Question Sets with Answers; Download PDF

CBSE Class 8th Science 2023 : Competency-Based Practice Question Sets with Answers; Download PDF

CBSE Class 8th : All Subject Syllabus 2020-2021

Class 8th : Foundation Course Study Material

IIT Foundation Mathematics : Class - 8th

NCERT Alternative Academic Calendar for Class 1 to Class 8 Released

Second click on the toggle icon

Provide prime members with unlimited access to all study materials in PDF format.

Allow prime members to attempt MCQ tests multiple times to enhance their learning and understanding.

Provide prime users with access to exclusive PDF study materials that are not available to regular users.

Gurukul of Excellence

Classes for Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics by IITians

Join our Telegram Channel for Free PDF Download

Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorisation

Last modified on: 8 months ago
Reading Time: 1 Minute

Here we are providing Case Study questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorisation .

Factorisation Class 8 Maths Case Study Questions

Related posts, cbse class 8 maths chapter 14 factorisation, learning outcomes, important keywords, download cbse books.

Exam Special Series:

Sample Question Paper for CBSE Class 10 Science (for 2024)
Sample Question Paper for CBSE Class 10 Maths (for 2024)
CBSE Most Repeated Questions for Class 10 Science Board Exams
CBSE Important Diagram Based Questions Class 10 Physics Board Exams
CBSE Important Numericals Class 10 Physics Board Exams
CBSE Practical Based Questions for Class 10 Science Board Exams
CBSE Important “Differentiate Between” Based Questions Class 10 Social Science
Sample Question Papers for CBSE Class 12 Physics (for 2024)
Sample Question Papers for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry (for 2024)
Sample Question Papers for CBSE Class 12 Maths (for 2024)
Sample Question Papers for CBSE Class 12 Biology (for 2024)
CBSE Important Diagrams & Graphs Asked in Board Exams Class 12 Physics
Master Organic Conversions CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Board Exams
CBSE Important Numericals Class 12 Physics Board Exams
CBSE Important Definitions Class 12 Physics Board Exams
CBSE Important Laws & Principles Class 12 Physics Board Exams
10 Years CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year-Wise Solved Papers (2023-2024)
10 Years CBSE Class 12 Physics Previous Year-Wise Solved Papers (2023-2024)
10 Years CBSE Class 12 Maths Previous Year-Wise Solved Papers (2023-2024)
10 Years CBSE Class 12 Biology Previous Year-Wise Solved Papers (2023-2024)
ICSE Important Numericals Class 10 Physics BOARD Exams (215 Numericals)
ICSE Important Figure Based Questions Class 10 Physics BOARD Exams (230 Questions)
ICSE Mole Concept and Stoichiometry Numericals Class 10 Chemistry (65 Numericals)
ICSE Reasoning Based Questions Class 10 Chemistry BOARD Exams (150 Qs)
ICSE Important Functions and Locations Based Questions Class 10 Biology
ICSE Reasoning Based Questions Class 10 Biology BOARD Exams (100 Qs)

✨ Join our Online JEE Test Series for 499/- Only (Web + App) for 1 Year

✨ Join our Online NEET Test Series for 499/- Only for 1 Year

Discover more from Gurukul of Excellence

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Type your email…

IMAGES

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTION/Class-8
Case Study Based Question based on Profit, Loss and Discount
Case Study Class 8 Maths
Case Study Class 8 Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
Case Study Class 8 Data Handling and Probability
Case study based question class 8

VIDEO

Psychology case study class 12
Case study based questions
Case Study,Class-13, Date : 09-02-2024 Best oNline vastu course for free
Case Study Based Questions Term -1 Class 10 Standard Maths
II CASE STUDY BASED QUESTION II CLASS -7
CBSE Class 8 English 'It so Happened' All Chapters Revision

COMMENTS

CBSE 8th Standard CBSE all Case study Questions Updated
CBSE 8th Standard CBSE all English medium question papers, important notes , study materials , Previuous Year questions, Syllabus and exam patterns. Free 8th Standard CBSE all books and syllabus online. Practice Online test for free in QB365 Study Material. Important keywords, Case Study Questions and Solutions. Updates about latest education news and Scholorships in one place
Case Study Questions Class 8 Introduction: How, When and Where
At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 5 marks, 5 marks. Case Study 1. In 1817, James Mill, a Scottish economist and political philosopher, published a massive three-volume work, A ...
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms
Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 science Chapter 2 Microorganisms-Friend and Foe. Case Study Questions. Question 1: Daksh lived in delhi and he loves to play football. But as of now his half yearly exams were going on so his mother didn't allow him to go out and play. She promised Daksh that as soon as his exams are ...
Class 8 Science Case Study Question
Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science. There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe ...
Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Cell
It controls the transfer of hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring. Que. 5)Answer: Green coloured plastids are known as chloroplasts. They provide green colour to leaves and are essential for photosynthesis. CBSE Class 8 Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell - Structure and Functions.
CBSE Case Study Questions Class 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11 and 12
CBSE Case Study Questions for Maths, Science, Social Science for Class Class 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11 and 12 by Experienced Subject Teachers.
Crop Production and Management Class 8 Case Study Questions Science
Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 science. In this article, you will find case study ...
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Here in this article, we are providing case study questions for class 8 maths. Maths Class 8 Chapter List Latest Chapter List (2023-24) Chapter 1 Rational NumbersChapter 2 Linear Equations in One VariableChapter 3 Understanding QuadrilateralsChapter 4 Data HandlingChapter 5 Squares and Square RootsChapter 6 Cubes and Cube … Continue reading Case Study ...
CBSE Class 8 Study Material, Notes, Videos, Syllabus, Papers and more
CBSE Class 8 Books. Books are an important resource for Class 8 students for study purpose because the questions that are asked in the final exam mostly picked up from the textbooks. The textbooks that are mentioned below are available for download in pdf version for students. CBSE class 8 Science Book; CBSE class 8 Maths Book
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and
Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. Case Study Questions. Question 1: A boy named Yash from Gwalior who studies in 8th standard is very fond of plants. He has a small garden in the backyard. Where he's planted many small plants and takes good care of them.
CBSE Class 8
CBSE Class 8 - Physics - Sound - Case Study Based Question. Q1. Read the following and answer the questions given below: Sound is a form of energy that is produced when air molecules vibrate in a particular pattern called waves. Hence, the sound is a wave. Sound is produced by vibrating objects. Vibration can be described as to and fro motion ...
Rational Numbers Class 8 Case Study Questions Maths Chapter 1
Natural Numbers: Positive Counting number starting from 1. Whole Number: All natural number together with 0. Rational Number: Numbers which can be expressed in p/q form, where q ≠ 0 and p and q are integers. Fraction: Numbers which can be expressed in form of p/q but are only positive. Hello students, we are providing case study questions for ...
Case Study Questions Class 8 History
Case Study Questions Class 8 History Chapter 6 Civilising the "Native", Educating the Nation Case study 1 Case study 2 Case study 3 Case study 4 Case study 5 Case study 6 -. At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study.
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling
CBSE Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling. Learning Outcomes. Circle Graph or Pie Chart; Chance and Probability; Important Keywords. Data: Numerical observations collected by an observer is called data (raw data). Frequency: The number of times an observation occurs in the given data is called the frequency of the observation. Frequency Distribution: A way of presenting data that exhibits the ...
CBSE Class 8th Maths Value Based Questions PDF Download
CBSE Maths Value Based Questions for Class 8th download here in PDF format. The most CBSE Maths Value Based Questions for annual examination are given here for free of cost. The additional questions for practice the Class 8th exam are collected from various sources. It covers questions asked in previous year examinations.
Case Based (Factual) Unseen Passages: Practice English Grammar for
Case Based (Factual) Passages. 1. Read the passage given below: [CBSE SET 2, 2021-22] Milkha Singh, also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold in 400 metres at the Asian Games as well as the Commonwealth Games.
Case study.pdf
Notes of Class 8, Mathematics Case study.pdf - Study Material. Notes of Class 8, Mathematics Case study.pdf - Study Material ... MCQs And Case Studies class-10th. Maths. 0 Likes. 313 Views. Copied to clipboard Krishna Kumar Keshri. Oct 15, 2021. Test. Surface Area and Volume (Ex 13.1 and 13.2) class-9th.
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6
Here we are providing case study questions for class 8 social science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource. Case Study Question 1: The way in which people are spread across the earth's surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90 per cent of the world's population lives in about 30 per cent of the land surface.
Case Study Questions Class 8 History The Making of the National
Important Case Study Questions for Class 8 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947. At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that ...
Antipsychotic-Related DRESS Syndrome: Analysis of Individual Case
Introduction Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is gaining attention in pharmacovigilance, but its association with antipsychotics, other than clozapine, is still unclear. Methods We conducted a case/non-case study with disproportionality analysis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) global spontaneous reporting database, VigiBase®. We analyzed ...
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Here we are providing Case Study questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable. Maths Class 8 Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Maths CBSE Class 8 Chapter Covered Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Topics Solving … Continue reading Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear ...
2024 AP Exam Dates
AP African American Studies Exam Pilot: For the 2024 AP Exam administration, only schools that are participating in the 2023-24 AP African American Studies Exam Pilot can order and administer the exam. AP Seminar end-of-course exams are only available to students taking AP Seminar at a school participating in the AP Capstone Diploma Program.
Class 8
CBSE Class 8th Science 2023 : Chapter-wise Competency-Based Test Items with Answers; Download PDF. 28 December, 2022, 12:09 pm. Class 8.
Case Study Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorisation
Here we are providing Case Study questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorisation. Maths Class 8 Chapter 14. Factorisation. Maths. CBSE Class 8. Chapter Covered. Class 8 Maths Chapter 14. Topics. Type of Questions.