business research methods question paper pdf 2021

Business Research Methods Notes, PDF I MBA 2024

• Post last modified: 5 April 2022
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• Post category: MBA Study Material

Download Business Research Methods Notes, PDF, Books, Syllabus for MBA 2024. We provide complete business research methods pdf. Business Research Methods study material includes business research methods notes, book , courses, case study, syllabus, question paper, MCQ, questions and answers and available in business research methods pdf form.

Business Research Methods subject is included in MBA so students are able to download business research methods notes for MBA 1st year and business research methods notes for MBA 2nd semester.

Table of Content

• 1 Business Research Methods Syllabus
• 2 Business Research Methods Notes PDF
• 3 Business Research Methods Notes
• 4 Business Research Methods Questions and Answers
• 5 Business Research Methods Question Paper
• 6 Business Research Methods Books

Business Research Methods Notes can be downloaded in business research methods pdf from the below article.

Business Research Methods Syllabus

A detailed business research methods syllabus as prescribed by various Universities and colleges in India are as under. You can download the syllabus in business research methods pdf form.

• Unit 1: Introduction Business Research: Definition-Types of Business Research. Scientific Investigation: The Language of Research: Concepts, Constructs, Definitions, Variables, Propositions and Hypotheses, Theory and Models. Technology and Business Research: Information needs of Business – Technologies used in Business Research: The Internet, E-mail, Browsers and Websites. Role of Business Research in Managerial Decisions Ethics in Business Research.
• Unit 2: The Research Process: Problem Identification: Broad Problem Area-Preliminary Data Gathering. Literature Survey, Online Data Bases Useful for Business Research, Hypothesis Development, Statement of Hypothesis, Procedure for Testing of Hypothesis. The Research Design: Types of Research Designs: Exploratory, Descriptive, Experimental Designs and Case Study, Measurement of Variables, Operational Definitions and Scales, Nominal and Ordinal Scales, Rating Scales, Ranking Scales, Reliability and Validity.
• Unit 3: Collection and Analysis of Data : Sources of Data-Primary Sources of Data, Secondary Sources of Data, Data Collection Methods, Interviews, Structured Interviews and Unstructured Interviews, Face to face and Telephone Interviews. Observational Surveys, Questionnaire Construction, Organizing Questions, Structured and Unstructured Questionnaires, Guidelines for Construction of Questionnaires.
• Unit 4: Data Analysis: An overview of Descriptive, Associational and Inferential, Statistical Measures.
• Unit 5: The Research Report: Research Reports, Components, The Title Page-Table of Contents, The Executive Summary, The Introductory Section, The Body of the Report, The Final Part of the Report, Acknowledgements, References, Appendix, Guidelines for Preparing a Good Research report Oral Presentation, Deciding on the Content, Visual Aids, The Presenter, The Presentation and Handling Questions.

Business Research Methods Notes PDF

Business Research Methods Notes

Business Research Methods Questions and Answers

If you have already studied the business research methods and notes , then it’s time to move ahead and go through previous year business research methods question papers .

• What is information? Discuss the type of information need to run the Business.
• Define the term ‘Research’, Enumerate the characteristics of research. Give a Comprehensive definition of research.
• What do you mean by scientific investigation and explain them in detail.
• Indicate the sources of research process. Enumerate the steps of the research process.
• Give the sources of research problem. How a problem is identified? Enumerate the criteria for the selection of a problem.
• How is a problem stated? Describe the various ways of defining a problem. Discuss characteristics of good problem and criteria for evaluating a problem.
• Define the term ‘Review of literature’, how is it different from traditional meaning? Enumerate the objectives and significance of review of literature.
• What do you mean by ‘Sample Design’? What points should be taken into consideration by a Researcher in developing a sample design for this research project.
• How would you differentiate between simple random sampling and complex random sampling Designs? Explain clearly giving examples.
• Why probability sampling is generally preferred in comparison to non-probability sampling? Explain the procedure of selecting a simple random sample.
• Explain the phrase ‘Analysis of Data’ or ‘Treatment of Data’. Indicate the need and importance of data analysis.
• Differentiate between descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis.
• Distinguish between parametric statistics and non-parametric statistics. Indicate their uses in different types of data or researches.
• Indicate the basis for selecting a statistical technique in analyzing data for educational research.
• What do you understand by research report or thesis? Indicate its need and importance in the research work.

Business Research Methods Question Paper

If you have already studied the business research methods and notes , then it’s time to move ahead and go through previous year business research methods question and answers .

It will help you to understand the question paper pattern and type of business research methods question and answer asked in MBA 1st year business research methods exam. You can download the syllabus in business research methods pdf form.

Business Research Methods Books

Below is the list of business research methods books recommended by the top university in India.

• Green and Tull, Research Markets Decisions, PHI.
• Tull Donald and Hawkins De, Marketing Research, PHI.
• G.C.Beri, Marketing Research, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishers.
• Luck David and Rubin Ronal, Marketing Research, PHI.
• Naresh Malhotra, Marketing Research, Pearson Education. Green E. Paul, Tull S. Donald & Albaum, Gerald, Research for Marketing decisions, 6th Ed, PHI, 2006.

In the above article, a student can download business research methods notes for MBA 1st year and business research methods notes for MBA 2nd semester. Business Research Methods study material includes business research methods notes , business research methods books , business research methods syllabus , business research methods question paper , business research methods case study, business research methods questions and answers , business research methods courses in business research methods pdf form.

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Research Methods and Data Analysis for Business Decisions

A Primer Using SPSS

• © 2021
• James E. Sallis 0 ,
• Geir Gripsrud 1 ,
• Ulf Henning Olsson 2 ,
• Ragnhild Silkoset 3

Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Department of Marketing, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway

Department of economics, bi norwegian business school, oslo, norway.

• Presents research methods and data analysis tools in non-technical language, using numerous step-by-step examples
• Uses QDA Miner Lite for qualitative and IBM SPSS Statistics for quantitative data analysis
• Benefits business and social science students and managers alike

Part of the book series: Classroom Companion: Business (CCB)

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Table of contents (13 chapters)

Front matter, designing the study, research methods and philosophy of science.

• James E. Sallis, Geir Gripsrud, Ulf Henning Olsson, Ragnhild Silkoset

The Research Process and Problem Formulation

Research design, data collection, secondary data and observation, qualitative methods, questionnaire surveys, quantitative data analysis, simple analysis techniques, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, cluster analysis and segmentation, factor analysis, reporting findings, back matter.

• research methodology
• data analysis
• decision making in business
• quantitative data analysis
• qualitative data analysis
• data analysis software
• research skills
• QDA Miner Lite
• research process
• research design
• statistical methods

About this book

This introductory textbook presents research methods and data analysis tools in non-technical language. It explains the research process and the basics of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, including procedures and methods, analysis, interpretation, and applications using hands-on data examples in QDA Miner Lite and IBM SPSS Statistics software. The book is divided into four parts that address study and research design; data collection, qualitative methods and surveys; statistical methods, including hypothesis testing, regression, cluster and factor analysis; and reporting. The intended audience is business and social science students learning scientific research methods, however, given its business context, the book will be equally useful for decision-makers in businesses and organizations.

Authors and Affiliations

James E. Sallis

Geir Gripsrud, Ragnhild Silkoset

Ulf Henning Olsson

About the authors

James Sallis is a Professor at the Department of Business Studies at Uppsala University, Sweden. He teaches marketing, research methods, and statistics in the undergraduate, graduate, and executive education programs. He is statistical advisor for the department's faculty and students and is a frequent guest lecturer at business schools worldwide.

Geir Gripsrud is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Marketing at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway, where he has acted as Dean of both Bachelor and Master Programs. An experienced teacher of marketing, marketing research, distribution channels, and international marketing, he is a co-author of widely used Norwegian textbooks on Research Methods as well as on Distribution Channels and Supply Chains.

Ulf H. Olsson is a Professor at the Department of Economics at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway. He has held the position as Provost with responsibility for research and academic resources. Working mainly on structural equation modeling, statistical modeling and psychometrics, he has published research articles in leading statistics and psychometric journals and has also authored textbooks on statistics and mathematics.

Ragnhild Silkoset is a Professor of Marketing at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway. She has held the position as the Head of the Department of Marketing, as well as Dean for the Executive Programs. Her areas of interest include marketing, marketing research, pricing strategy, network analysis and blockchain technology.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Research Methods and Data Analysis for Business Decisions

Book Subtitle : A Primer Using SPSS

Authors : James E. Sallis, Geir Gripsrud, Ulf Henning Olsson, Ragnhild Silkoset

Series Title : Classroom Companion: Business

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84421-9

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Mathematics and Statistics , Mathematics and Statistics (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-84420-2 Published: 31 October 2021

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-84423-3 Published: 01 November 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-84421-9 Published: 30 October 2021

Series ISSN : 2662-2866

Series E-ISSN : 2662-2874

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XI, 258

Number of Illustrations : 26 b/w illustrations, 112 illustrations in colour

Topics : Statistics for Business, Management, Economics, Finance, Insurance , Management Education , Statistics, general , Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law , Statistics and Computing/Statistics Programs

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Business Research Methods (MGT-221) | IV Year | Question Paper 2077 | BBS (4 Yrs. Prog.) | TU

| DOWNLOAD PDF | Bachelor Level | Business Research Methods MGT-221 | Question Paper | 2077-2020 | BBS 4 Years Program | IV (4th) Year MGMT| Tribhuvan University (TU)

Download Business Research Methods (MGT-221) IV Year Question Paper 2077 BBS (4 Yrs. Prog.) TU.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

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Download PDF of Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (FIN-250) | IV Year | MGMT | Question Paper 2077 | BBS (4 Yrs. Prog.) | TU.

Brief Answer Questions:

Attempt ALL the questions. [5x2=10]

Download PDF of Business Research Methods (MGT-221) | Question Paper 2076 | BBS (4 Yrs. Prog.) | IV Year | TU.

1. Define research problem. 2. What does management research mean? 3. State any four features of research design.

4. Differentiate between null and alternative hypothesis used in management research.

5. What is thematic analysis?

Short Answer Questions:

Attempt any two questions from Q. No. 6 to 8 and Q. No. 9 is compulsory. [2x10=20]

6. Describe the basic principles of research design. Also mention the criterion of good research design.

7. State and explain about research proposal. Discuss the essential steps of proposal writing.

8. Describe the methods of primary data collection. Also write down the sources of secondary data.

9. Write short notes on any ONE: [5]

a. Role of hypothesis in research works.

b. Likert scale of measurement.

Comprehensive Answer Questions [1x15=15]

Attempt any ONE question.

10. Explain the purposes and types of research report. Also mention the procedures of writing research report.

11. Explain the qualitative and quantitative research. Discuss the various methods of qualitative research.

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Download "business research methods" question paper pdf of bba 4th semester previous years paper for students..

BBA 4th Semester Business Research Methods Paper: BBA-223

Time Allowed: Three Hours] [Maximum Marks: 80

Note: (1) Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions. Each question carries 2 marks in Section A.

(i) From Sections B and C two questions each are compulsory.

Each question carries 15 marks.

(i) What is it important to define research problem appropriately?

(ii) "For any research to be successful it must be well designed". Justify this statement.

(iii) What is the criteria for evaluating the quality of secondary data? Differentiate between internal and external secondary data.

(iv) "Scaling describes the procedure by which numbers are assigned to various degrees of opinion, attitude and other concepts". Discuss.

(v) Why would a researcher want to use multivariate analysis rather than univariate or bivariate?

(vi) What characteristics must it possess in order to be a good research hypothesis?

II. How does primary data differ from secondary data? Discuss advantages and disadvantages of various methods of primary data collection.

III. What are the major decisions involved in constructing an itemized rating scale? What is a semantic differential scale? For what purpose is this scale used? What are the differences between the staple scale and the semantic deferential? Which scale is more popular?

IV. Explain the difference between collection of data through questionnaires and schedules. Design a Questionnaire to study Customer's Satisfaction towards services provided by State Bank of India. (Make necessary assumptions).

V. Write short notes on : 

(a) Exploratory and descriptive research. 

(b) Ethics in business research. 

(c) Qualitative and quantitative research.

VI. Discuss various steps in the procedure of testing hypothesis. 

VII. Explain the characteristics of a good research report. Explain the layout of research report.

VIII. Write short notes on :

(i) Chi-square test

(ii) t-test. 

IX. Distinguish between:

(a) Restricted and unrestricted sampling (b) Convenience and purposive sampling (c) Systematic and stratified sampling (d) Cluster and area sampling.

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Which social media platforms are most common, who uses each social media platform, find out more, social media fact sheet.

Many Americans use social media to connect with one another, engage with news content, share information and entertain themselves. Explore the patterns and trends shaping the social media landscape.

To better understand Americans’ social media use, Pew Research Center surveyed 5,733 U.S. adults from May 19 to Sept. 5, 2023. Ipsos conducted this National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS) for the Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol that included both web and mail. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race and ethnicity, education and other categories.

Polls from 2000 to 2021 were conducted via phone. For more on this mode shift, read our Q&A.

Here are the questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and  its methodology ­­­.

A note on terminology: Our May-September 2023 survey was already in the field when Twitter changed its name to “X.” The terms  Twitter  and  X  are both used in this report to refer to the same platform.

YouTube and Facebook are the most-widely used online platforms. About half of U.S. adults say they use Instagram, and smaller shares use sites or apps such as TikTok, LinkedIn, Twitter (X) and BeReal.

Note: The vertical line indicates a change in mode. Polls from 2012-2021 were conducted via phone. In 2023, the poll was conducted via web and mail. For more details on this shift, please read our Q&A . Refer to the topline for more information on how question wording varied over the years. Pre-2018 data is not available for YouTube, Snapchat or WhatsApp; pre-2019 data is not available for Reddit; pre-2021 data is not available for TikTok; pre-2023 data is not available for BeReal. Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.

Source: Surveys of U.S. adults conducted 2012-2023.

Usage of the major online platforms varies by factors such as age, gender and level of formal education.

% of U.S. adults who say they ever use __ by …

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This fact sheet was compiled by Research Assistant  Olivia Sidoti , with help from Research Analyst  Risa Gelles-Watnick , Research Analyst  Michelle Faverio , Digital Producer  Sara Atske , Associate Information Graphics Designer Kaitlyn Radde and Temporary Researcher  Eugenie Park .

Follow these links for more in-depth analysis of the impact of social media on American life.

• Americans’ Social Media Use  Jan. 31, 2024
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• Q&A: How and why we’re changing the way we study tech adoption  Jan. 31, 2024

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Title: lora: low-rank adaptation of large language models.

Abstract: An important paradigm of natural language processing consists of large-scale pre-training on general domain data and adaptation to particular tasks or domains. As we pre-train larger models, full fine-tuning, which retrains all model parameters, becomes less feasible. Using GPT-3 175B as an example -- deploying independent instances of fine-tuned models, each with 175B parameters, is prohibitively expensive. We propose Low-Rank Adaptation, or LoRA, which freezes the pre-trained model weights and injects trainable rank decomposition matrices into each layer of the Transformer architecture, greatly reducing the number of trainable parameters for downstream tasks. Compared to GPT-3 175B fine-tuned with Adam, LoRA can reduce the number of trainable parameters by 10,000 times and the GPU memory requirement by 3 times. LoRA performs on-par or better than fine-tuning in model quality on RoBERTa, DeBERTa, GPT-2, and GPT-3, despite having fewer trainable parameters, a higher training throughput, and, unlike adapters, no additional inference latency. We also provide an empirical investigation into rank-deficiency in language model adaptation, which sheds light on the efficacy of LoRA. We release a package that facilitates the integration of LoRA with PyTorch models and provide our implementations and model checkpoints for RoBERTa, DeBERTa, and GPT-2 at this https URL .

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