what is cultural sensitivity essay

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Global Cognition

What is cultural sensitivity and how does it develop.

by Winston Sieck updated September 21, 2021

As a manager or employee, when you travel to another country for your job, adapting to a new culture can be quite intimidating. The same can be said when you need to collaborate with diverse team members in your own country.

The global business environment is quickly blurring the lines between home and foreign work assignments, but the cultural gaps are often a struggle in either case. Cultural sensitivity helps ease the adjustment.

Cultural sensitivity means that you are aware and accepting of cultural differences. It implies that you withhold judgment of cross-cultural practices, and that you can deal effectively with these differences.

Cultural sensitivity is integral in any cross-cultural relationship. But it is critical in international working relations, such as in business or government jobs. For example, some studies show that workers at all levels are more effective and are more competent at negotiation when they are culturally sensitive.

At a more basic level, understanding the nuances of a culture that are reflected in body language, speech patterns, and customs allow the worker to better understand and communicate with coworkers, business partners, affiliates, and customers.

A handshake, for instance, is acceptable, even expected in western culture. However, in Thailand it is not. Instead, a wai is offered, a bow with the hands palm to palm at chest level and you should return it. You should offer a handshake only if the person does not offer a wai.

While the importance of cultural sensitivity in the workplace is widely recognized, there is not a great deal of research that examines the development and progression of cultural sensitivity.

Jon Shapiro, Julie Ozanne, and Bige Saatcioglu conducted a study that explores stages of development of cultural sensitivity, with an emphasis on their application to business people working overseas. The results apply as well to situations involving employees with diverse backgrounds working together within their home country. Shapiro and colleagues published their paper , “An Interpretive Examination of the Development of Cultural Sensitivity in International Business” in the Journal of International Business Studies .

Their investigation turned up four stages of cultural sensitivity development: the romantic sojourner, the foreign worker, the skilled worker, and the partner. The researchers describe these stages in terms of natural development based on experience. Well structured cross-cultural training could potentially lead to quicker progression along the developmental path.

The Romantic Sojourner: A stranger in a strange land

At this stage of cultural sensitivity, the business professional is a tourist. They are caught up in the romance and adventure of exploring a different culture. They are more a cultural spectator than an actual participant.

They may be excited for the opportunity to experience another culture. What they don’t realize is that they are often seeing that culture’s “tourist manners” and not really seeing into the depths of the culture all that much.

The romantic sojourner will take part in the local cultural events, such as festivals and parades, but that is typically the extent of their interaction with the members of the host culture. It is the primary interaction with little more. It may look and feel like immersion, but it is very superficial, especially when it comes to the professional working culture.

It is much like a love affair. At first, they are infatuated, riding the waves of a new romance with new experiences. But everyone has on their best manners and they don’t really know each other on a deep, personal level. It is all just skimming the surface and they are treating it more like an escape or vacation than a home situation where they are immersed in the culture.

In the romantic sojourner’s eyes, everything is glittering and magical. It is not realistic, and it sets them up for some serious disillusionment. They have an idealized view of the culture and are enamored with that, but have not yet become acquainted with the aspects of it that tend to be concealed from outsiders.

The Foreign Worker: The business side of things

The emotional, naïve romantic sojourner eventually gives way to the foreign worker. At this stage of cultural sensitivity, the individual has a more realistic view of the host culture norms. As the immersion develops into something deeper, beyond the shallow infatuation, they get their first real taste of the local cultural norms .

This stage develops when the individual stops being a starry-eyed tourist and engages in the everyday business of their work and living. They observe their environment, both on a professional and personal level, and place themselves in that culture. Then, they begin to see the deeper layers that they didn’t or couldn’t see as a tourist.

During this stage, the worker starts out as an observer, but, over time, grows and develops into an active participant. They begin to join in the more authentic cultural ceremonies and rituals, adapting to them as a way of life.

The individual’s business colleagues who are native to the local culture, begin inviting the foreign worker to participate and attend them. This is one of the benchmarks of the foreign worker’s advancement from the romantic sojourner stage.

The more the foreign worker is immersed in the local culture, the more realistic a view the develop of that culture. They develop knowledge of cultural practices that are more sophisticated.

They learn to take part in authentic local social behaviors although at this point it is more about mimicry than true immersion. They may role play or pretend at this stage, but even that is an integral step in the development of cultural sensitivity.

At this point the foreign worker is often hit with the reality that they are, indeed, an outsider. Culture shock and disenchantment may set in, but they also get a more realistic view and attitude. As they are immersed in the business culture, they naturally get deeper into the social culture as well.

The Skilled Worker: The knowledgeable foreigner

Foreign workers who are able to stick it out and make the initial cultural adjustment develop into skilled workers. When they reach this cultural sensitivity stage, they have attained a much deeper understanding of the host culture. They also have more cultivated interactions with their business associates.

The attitude has changed and instead of just trying to be diplomatic on the surface, they are genuinely concerned with preserving the relationships with members of the local culture.

While still feeling a bit like a fish out of water, the skilled worker becomes a cautious politician at this stage. They work hard to blend in with the social practices and customs that are consistent with the culture. Interacting with members of the local culture is becoming second nature on both the business and personal fronts.

They are very keen observers at this stage of cultural sensitivity. The skilled workers scan their environment and mimic behaviors that allow them to blend in. They reduce or control unacceptable behaviors that would cause them to stand out. They are much more skilled at acting and role playing.

It is also interesting to note that at this stage they tend to limit their business relationships to something that is personally manageable. This helps them foster more meaningful, successful relationships. They begin to depend on the local members who are business associates instead of turning to agents of their own culture.

As the skilled worker socializes with the members of the local culture, they develop relationships that are comfortable and intimate. As time goes on, they begin to have a more realistic understanding of the host culture. They begin to appreciate it.

Although at some level they realize that they are outsiders and always will be to some degree, they settle into their role within the culture and enjoy what they do glean from it.

The Partner: At home in a new culture

Not all workers achieve the partner stage of cultural sensitivity. It requires patience, perseverance, and work. It is at this stage that the worker is at their most sensitive to cultural distinctions. They have negotiated a business culture that is rooted in relational trust.

Partners share knowledge and intimately understand nuances of the culture, finding common ground where possible. However, they put away any desires to be an insider of the local culture.

At this stage of cultural sensitivity, the person is not forgetting or denying their own culture. They are not putting their own background aside. Rather many find a deeper appreciation for their own culture and come to have a greater understanding of it. They notice and welcome elements of their own culture that they once took for granted.

This new, settled attitude allows the partner to more fully appreciate business and personal relationships. The partner is deeply immersed in the local culture, but is balanced and content with their role.

The “cultural sensitivity” journey is long and challenging, but can be very rewarding. Early on, cultural misunderstandings are bound to happen. As an individual becomes more familiar with and immersed in another culture, those bumps become fewer and fewer.

Coming to grips with another culture is like developing any other relationship that builds trust, little by little. It settles in a comfortable peace that isn’t perfect but doesn’t have to be. The individual identifies, adapts, and embraces their own role in the local culture, fitting in as they can.

Image Credit: johnhain

Shapiro, J. M., Ozanne, J. L., & Saatcioglu, B. (2008). An interpretive examination of the development of cultural sensitivity in international business. Journal of International Business Studies , 39, 71-87.

Click below to check out Save Your Ammo , a guide to cultural competence in demanding situations.

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About Winston Sieck

Dr. Winston Sieck is a cognitive psychologist working to advance the development of thinking skills. He is founder and president of Global Cognition, and director of Thinker Academy .

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Understanding Cultural Sensitivity: A Guide for Writers

In the world of writing, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of cultural sensitivity . This guide is designed to help writers navigate the complexities of different cultures and avoid potential misunderstandings. By considering cultural nuances and sensitivities, you can create content that resonates with diverse audiences and fosters inclusivity. Whether you are a professional writer or simply someone who loves to share stories, this guide will provide you with invaluable insights and practical tips on how to approach writing with cultural sensitivity in mind.

Understanding Cultural Sensitivity

Cultural sensitivity plays a vital role in effective communication, fostering inclusivity and diversity, and building trust and respect. As a writer, it is important to cultivate cultural sensitivity to ensure your work is respectful and relatable to a diverse audience. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the key elements of cultural sensitivity, the significance of researching cultural nuances, language considerations, addressing stereotypes and biases, non-verbal communication and body language, sensitivity to taboos and sensitive topics, seeking feedback and collaboration, and finally, a conclusion highlighting the importance of cultural sensitivity in the writing process.

Importance of Cultural Sensitivity

Achieving effective communication.

Effective communication is the cornerstone of any successful piece of writing. By being culturally sensitive, you are better able to understand and connect with your readers, regardless of their cultural background. Cultural sensitivity allows you to choose appropriate language, metaphors, and examples that resonate with your target audience, ultimately enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of your message.

Fostering Inclusivity and Diversity

In today’s globalized world, promoting inclusivity and diversity is more important than ever. By being culturally sensitive, you can ensure that your writing is inclusive, welcoming, and representative of various cultures and perspectives. This fosters a sense of belonging and allows individuals from different backgrounds to feel seen and valued, ultimately enriching the reading experience for all.

Avoiding Stereotypes

Stereotypes can perpetuate harmful biases and reinforce negative perceptions of certain cultures. By incorporating cultural sensitivity into your writing, you can avoid falling into the trap of perpetuating stereotypes. Instead, you can present accurate and nuanced portrayals of different cultures, challenging preconceived notions and promoting cultural understanding.

Building Trust and Respect

Cultural sensitivity is key to building trust and respect with your readers. When individuals feel that their cultural values and beliefs are respected and accurately represented, they are more likely to engage with and trust your work. By demonstrating cultural sensitivity in your writing, you are building a foundation of trust and respect, fostering positive relationships with your readers.

Key Elements of Cultural Sensitivity

Cultural awareness.

Cultural awareness is the foundation of cultural sensitivity. It involves recognizing and understanding the customs, traditions, values, and norms of different cultural groups. By actively seeking to expand your cultural awareness, you can develop a deeper appreciation for diversity and avoid unintentional cultural insensitivity in your writing.

Empathy and Emotional Intelligence

Empathy and emotional intelligence are crucial elements of cultural sensitivity. By putting yourself in the shoes of individuals from different cultural backgrounds, you can better understand their experiences, perspectives, and emotions. This enables you to write with empathy, crafting narratives and characters that resonate with readers from diverse cultures.

Open-mindedness

Being open-minded is essential when approaching topics related to culture. It involves being receptive to new ideas, challenging your own assumptions, and embracing diverse perspectives. By cultivating open-mindedness, you can ensure that your writing reflects a respect for different cultural viewpoints, fostering a more inclusive and enriching reading experience.

Respect for Differences

Respecting cultural differences is at the core of cultural sensitivity. It involves acknowledging that different cultures have their own unique values, norms, and practices, and refraining from judgment or criticism. By respecting cultural differences, you can write in a way that celebrates diversity and promotes mutual understanding.

Researching Cultural Nuances

Engaging with Authentic Sources

When writing about a particular culture, it is important to engage with authentic sources. This could include reading books by authors from that culture, watching movies or documentaries, or accessing reliable online resources. Engaging with authentic sources helps to ensure accuracy and authenticity in your writing, avoiding misrepresentations or stereotypes.

Understanding Historical and Socio-political Contexts

To fully grasp the nuances of a culture, it is essential to understand its historical and socio-political contexts. Delving into a culture’s history and the social, political, and economic factors that have shaped it provides valuable insights into its values, beliefs, and practices. This understanding allows you to write with greater depth, sensitivity, and accuracy.

Identifying Cultural Values and Norms

Each culture has its own set of values and norms that shape the behaviors and interactions of its members. By identifying and understanding these values and norms, you can avoid unintentionally causing offense or misunderstanding in your writing. It also enables you to create authentic and relatable characters and narratives that resonate with readers from that culture.

Recognizing Dialects and Regional Variations

Language is a living entity, evolving and taking different forms across regions and dialects. When writing about a specific culture, it is important to recognize dialects and regional variations in language usage. This level of awareness allows you to capture the unique linguistic characteristics of a culture, making your writing more realistic and relatable to readers from that culture.

Language Considerations

Avoiding offensive language.

Using offensive language can alienate readers and perpetuate harmful stereotypes and biases. It is essential to be mindful of the impact your words may have on individuals from different cultural backgrounds. By avoiding offensive language and slurs, you can create a safe and inclusive environment for all readers.

Using Inclusive and Gender-Neutral Language

Inclusive and gender-neutral language ensures that all readers feel included and represented. By avoiding gender-specific terms or assuming gender roles, you can write in a way that respects and values diverse identities. Using inclusive language promotes equality and creates an inclusive reading experience.

Being Mindful of Cultural Connotations

Different words, phrases, or symbols may have specific cultural connotations that vary across cultures. When writing, it is crucial to be mindful of these cultural connotations to avoid misinterpretation or offense. Doing your research and seeking feedback from individuals from the culture you are writing about can help ensure that your writing is culturally sensitive and respectful.

Balancing Simplicity and Cultural Specificity

Writing with cultural sensitivity involves finding a balance between simplicity and cultural specificity. While it is important to provide enough cultural context for readers to understand, it is equally vital to avoid overwhelming them with excessive details. Striking the right balance allows you to convey cultural nuances without sacrificing clarity and accessibility.

Addressing Stereotypes and Biases

Challenging cultural stereotypes.

As a writer, it is your responsibility to challenge cultural stereotypes and present a more accurate and nuanced portrayal of different cultures. By avoiding one-dimensional or exaggerated stereotypes, you can contribute to a more balanced and inclusive representation of diverse cultures. This helps to foster understanding, empathy, and appreciation among your readers.

Avoiding Assumptions and Generalizations

Assumptions and generalizations can lead to misunderstandings and perpetuate biases. When writing, it is crucial to avoid making sweeping assumptions or generalizations about cultures or cultural groups. Instead, focus on individual experiences and perspectives, ensuring that your writing reflects the complexity and diversity within a culture.

Promoting Diverse Perspectives and Experiences

Diversity within cultures is as important as diversity between cultures. By promoting diverse perspectives and experiences within a culture, you can challenge monolithic narratives and showcase the richness and complexity of different cultural groups. This encourages readers to engage with diverse stories, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of various cultures.

Recognizing Unconscious Biases

Unconscious biases can influence our perceptions and judgments, even when we are unaware of them. It is important for writers to recognize and confront their own unconscious biases to ensure that their writing is culturally sensitive and inclusive. By actively working to identify and challenge these biases, you can create a more balanced and respectful portrayal of cultures in your writing.

Non-Verbal Communication and Body Language

Understanding cultural variations in non-verbal cues.

Non-verbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language, can differ significantly across cultures. It is essential to understand and respect these variations when writing about characters from different cultural backgrounds. By accurately depicting non-verbal cues, you can add depth and authenticity to your characters, making your writing more relatable and engaging.

Interpreting Gestures and Facial Expressions Accurately

Gestures and facial expressions can convey a range of emotions and meanings. However, their interpretations may vary across cultures. It is important to research and understand the cultural context and meaning behind specific gestures and facial expressions to avoid miscommunication or misinterpretation in your writing. Accuracy in the portrayal of non-verbal communication enhances the authenticity of your writing.

Respecting Personal Space and Physical Contact Norms

Personal space and physical contact norms can differ greatly from culture to culture. Some cultures may place a greater emphasis on personal space, while others may have different standards for physical contact. When writing, it is crucial to respect these norms and reflect them accurately for the cultures you are portraying. This attention to detail demonstrates cultural sensitivity and enhances the realism of your writing.

Paying Attention to Tone and Volume of Voice

Tone and volume of voice can convey subtle nuances of meaning and cultural context. Different cultures may have varying preferences when it comes to tone and volume of voice in communication. By paying attention to these cultural preferences, you can accurately portray the dynamics and interactions between characters from different cultural backgrounds, adding depth and authenticity to your writing.

Sensitivity to Taboos and Sensitive Topics

Recognizing culturally sensitive subjects.

Cultural sensitivity requires an awareness of culturally sensitive subjects, such as religious beliefs, cultural traditions, or historic events. Recognizing and respecting these sensitivities is crucial to avoid causing offense or discomfort to your readers. Researching and seeking guidance from individuals within the culture you are writing about can help you navigate these sensitive subjects with care and respect.

Approaching Taboo Topics with Caution

Taboo topics touch on areas that are considered inappropriate or forbidden within a culture. When writing, it is important to approach these topics with caution and sensitivity. Take the time to research the cultural norms and perspectives surrounding the taboo topic and consider how best to address it in your writing. This enables you to navigate potentially contentious subjects while still promoting understanding and respect.

Being Sensitive to Religious and Cultural Beliefs

Religious and cultural beliefs are deeply personal and hold significant meaning for individuals. Being sensitive to these beliefs is crucial when writing about characters or situations that involve religion or specific cultural practices. Always approach these subjects with respect and ensure that your portrayal is accurate and free from judgment or bias.

Respecting Privacy and Confidentiality

Respecting privacy and confidentiality is vital when writing about sensitive topics. Cultural sensitivity entails understanding and honoring boundaries, particularly when discussing personal experiences or private matters. Obtain consent when sharing personal stories or experiences, and use discretion when handling sensitive information. Respecting privacy and confidentiality builds trust with your readers and demonstrates your commitment to ethical writing practices.

Seeking Feedback and Collaboration

Consulting cultural experts or sensitivity readers.

To ensure cultural sensitivity in your writing, consider consulting cultural experts or sensitivity readers who have experience and knowledge in the specific culture you are writing about. Their insights and feedback can help you identify blind spots, correct inaccuracies, and enhance the authenticity of your writing. Collaborating with experts promotes cultural understanding and strengthens the quality of your work.

Collaborating with Individuals from Diverse Backgrounds

Collaborating with individuals from diverse backgrounds can provide valuable perspectives and insights into cultural sensitivity. By engaging in conversations and seeking diverse voices, you can broaden your understanding and challenge your own assumptions. This collaborative approach encourages a more inclusive and empathetic portrayal of cultures in your writing, enriching the overall storytelling experience.

Welcoming Feedback and Constructive Criticism

Welcoming feedback and constructive criticism is essential for continual growth as a culturally sensitive writer. Actively seek feedback from readers, colleagues, and cultural experts to identify areas for improvement. By embracing feedback with a growth mindset, you can iteratively enhance your cultural sensitivity, ensuring that your writing evolves and resonates with your audience.

Iteratively Improving Cultural Sensitivity

Cultural sensitivity is not a static concept but an ongoing journey of learning and growth. Continuously strive to improve your cultural sensitivity by staying informed, engaging with diverse perspectives, and consciously reflecting on your own biases. By embracing this iterative process, you can refine your writing skills and contribute to a more inclusive and culturally aware literary landscape.

Cultural sensitivity is essential for writers who seek to connect with diverse audiences and create meaningful and impactful work. By understanding the importance of cultural sensitivity, embracing key elements such as cultural awareness and empathy, conducting thorough research, carefully considering language choices, challenging stereotypes and biases, being aware of non-verbal communication, addressing sensitive topics with caution, seeking feedback, and collaborating with individuals from diverse backgrounds, you can craft writing that respects, represents, and celebrates the multitude of cultures in our world. Embrace cultural sensitivity in your writing journey, and open doors to deeper connections, understanding, and appreciation among readers from all walks of life.

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Cultural Awareness—How to Be More Culturally Aware & Improve Your Relationships

Wendy Wisner is a health and parenting writer, lactation consultant (IBCLC), and mom to two awesome sons.

Ivy Kwong, LMFT, is a psychotherapist specializing in relationships, love and intimacy, trauma and codependency, and AAPI mental health.  

The Importance of Cultural Awareness

How to be more culturally aware, what if i say the wrong thing, cultural awareness and sensitivity in intercultural/interracial relationships, can i ask someone to help me learn about their culture, pitfalls of not developing cultural awareness.

Cultural awareness, sometimes referred to as  cultural sensitivity , is defined by the NCCC (National Center for Cultural Competence) as being cognizant, observant, and conscious of the similarities and differences among and between cultural groups.

Becoming more culturally aware is a continual process and it can help to have curiosity, an open mind, a willingness to ask questions, a desire to learn about the differences that exist between cultures, and an openness to becoming conscious of one’s own culturally shaped values, beliefs, perceptions, and biases.

The Value of Cultural Awareness

Cultural awareness is important because it allows us to see and respect other perspectives and to appreciate the inherent value of people who are different than we are. It leads to better relationships, healthier work environments, and a stronger, more compassionate society.

Read on to learn more about cultural awareness, including the impacts it can have, how to become more culturally aware, how to approach conversations about cultural awareness, and how to address cultural awareness in intercultural relationships.

Cultural awareness involves learning about cultures that are different from your own. But it’s also about being respectful about these differences, says  Natalie Page  Ed.D., chief diversity officer at Saint Xavier University in Chicago. “It’s about being sensitive to the similarities and differences that can exist between different cultures and using this sensitivity to effectively communicate without prejudice and racism,” she explains.

5 Reasons Why Cultural Awareness Is Important

Here are five reasons why it’s important to become more culturally aware:

• When you strive to become more culturally aware, you gain knowledge and information about different cultures, which leads to greater cultural competence, says Dr. Page
• Engaging in cultural awareness makes you more sensitive to the differences between cultures that are different than your own, Dr. Page says; you also become less judgmental of people who are different than you.
• Studies have found that greater cultural awareness in the workplace leads to an overall better workplace culture for everyone involved.
• Research has found that cultural awareness creates better outcomes for people in healthcare environments, and in other environments where people are receiving care from others.
• According to Nika White, PhD, author of Inclusion Uncomplicated: A Transformative Guide to Simplify DEI , cultural awareness can improve your interpersonal relationships. “Just like any other relationship, you must understand their culture to truly understand someone’s lived experiences and how they show up to the world,” Dr. White describes.

Knowing about the importance of being more culturally aware is one thing, but actually taking steps to do so is something else.

It’s about being sensitive to the similarities and differences that can exist between different cultures and using this sensitivity to effectively communicate without prejudice and racism.

Here are a few tips for how to go about becoming more culturally aware.

Understand That It’s a Process

“Becoming culturally aware is a process that is fluid, birthed out of a desire to learn more about other cultures,” says Dr. Page.

She says it can be helpful to study the model laid out by Dr. Ibram Kendi, the author of How To Be An Antiracist . Dr. Kendi says that there are basically three paths to growing cultural awareness:

• “The first is moving from the fear zone, where you are afraid and would rather stay in your own culture comfort zone,” Dr. Page describes.
• Next is moving into the learning zone, where you strive to learn about different cultures, how people acquire their cultures, and culture's important role in personal identities, practices, and mental and physical health of individuals and communities. The learning zone can also include becoming more aware of your own culturally shaped values, beliefs, and biases and how they impact the way you see yourself and others.
• “The last phase is the growth zone, where you grow in racial advocacy and allyship,” says Dr. Page.

Ask Questions

Dr. White says that asking questions is a vital part of becoming more culturally aware. You can start by asking yourself some important questions, such as: “How is my culture affecting how I interact with and perceive others?” Dr. White suggests.

You can also respectfully ask others about their lives. But make sure the exchanges aren’t one-sided, she recommends: when you ask others about their cultures, tell them about yours, too. “Tell your own stories to engage, build relationships, find common ground, and become more culturally aware of someone from a different culture,” she says.

Educate Yourself and Do the Work

There’s no way around it: if you want to become more culturally aware, you need to take action and educate yourself.

“Don’t lean on assumptions,” says Dr. White. “Actually research cultures different from yours.” This can help you become more aware of how culture affects every aspect of your life and the lives of others. In addition to research, educating yourself often involves seeking and participating in meaningful interactions with people of differing cultural backgrounds. “Expand your network to include people from different cultures into your circle,” Dr. White recommends.

Study the Cultural Competence Continuum Model

The Cultural Competence Continuum Model is an assessment tool that helps us understand where people are on their journey to becoming more culturally competent.

Different people fall into various categories along the continuum. Categories include cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, cultural pre-competence, cultural competence, and cultural proficiency.

Studying this model can help us become more aware of the process of moving toward more cultural sensitivity, and become more patient with ourselves and others as we move through the process.

Acknowledge Your Own Bias

We all have our own biases when it comes to cultural awareness, because we all begin by looking at the world and at others through our own cultural lens.

It is important to acknowledge this as it can help us see how our cultural  biases  may prevent us from being as culturally sensitive as we wish to be.

Often, people don’t want to address topics having to do with culture or race because they are afraid they will say the wrong thing or make a mistake while talking to someone.

The truth is, most people make mistakes on their journey toward cultural awareness, and that’s understandable, says Dr. Page.

“If you make a mistake, simply apologize and let the person that you may have offended know that you are learning and be open to any suggestions they may have,” she recommends. Sometimes it even makes sense to apologize in advance, if you are saying something you are unsure of. You can say, “I may have this wrong, so I apologize beforehand but…” Dr. Page suggests. “The key is to be sincere in your conversations and always open to learning from others,” she says.

Making mistakes is a necessary part of the learning process and it is important to approach these topics and conversations with shared respect, compassion, and grace.

If you are in a relationship with someone who is of a different race or culture than you, it’s important to have open, honest discussions about this. “If a person is going to grow in interracial and intercultural relationships, you have to step out of your cultural comfort zone and seek an understanding about other cultures,” says Dr. Page.

Questions to Ask Someone to Learn About Their Culture

Having a genuine discussion with someone about your differences can feel awkward, and it can be helpful to kick-start the conversation with a few open-ended questions. Dr. White shared some helpful questions:

• Can you tell me about your culture?
• Tell me a little something about how you were raised?
• What role does religion play in your life?

Here are some additional questions that could be asked with respect and consent, to another (and also to yourself!):

• What holidays and celebrations are important in your culture?
• What customs and etiquette are important in your culture?
• What is your favorite food in your culture?
• Is religion an important part of life in your culture? If so, what religion do people practice most often and why do you think that is?
• How do you express your cultural identity?
• What stereotypes or misconceptions do people from your culture often face and what do you wish more people knew?
• Is there anything about your culture that you find challenging?
• How has your culture changed over time?
• How do you think your culture has influenced your personal values and beliefs?
• What is the importance of family in your culture?

One of the important ways to develop culture awareness is to educate yourself about other cultures. Learning directly from people of different cultures is a fantastic way to get authentic information. But it’s important to engage in conversations with others about their cultures in respectful , appropriate manners.

When you decide to ask others about their culture, be mindful that they may not want to answer, and know that that’s okay, says Dr. White. It’s also important to make the conversation a two-way street. Don’t just ask them about their culture—talk about your culture as well. “Share your culture first to model the behavior and let others know it is safe to talk about their culture,” Dr. White suggests.

Finally, make sure to take it upon yourself to do some of the work. “Once you learn of someone’s culture you wish to cultivate a relationship with, do your homework to learn as much as you can,” Dr. White says. Don't simply rely on others to educate you—this may be seen as insensitive, Dr. White says.

The main pitfalls of not developing cultural awareness is that we don’t expand our understanding of other cultures, we don’t deepen our relationship with people who are different than we are, and that we risk continuing to have a narrow view of the world around us. 

“We live in an ever-changing diverse world,” Dr. Page says. “We rob ourselves when we only hang out with people from our cultural groups. We have to branch out and experience the beauty that others bring.”

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By Wendy Wisner Wendy Wisner is a health and parenting writer, lactation consultant (IBCLC), and mom to two awesome sons.

Home — Essay Samples — Arts & Culture — Cultural Competence — Importance of Incorporating Cultural Sensitivity

Importance of Incorporating Cultural Sensitivity

• Categories: Cultural Competence

About this sample

Words: 461 |

Published: Jan 30, 2024

Words: 461 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Table of contents

Definition and explanation of cultural sensitivity, importance of cultural sensitivity in education, cultural sensitivity in the workplace, cultural sensitivity in healthcare.

• National Education Association. (2019). Culturally responsive instruction: Resource roundup. Retrieved from https://www.nea.org/professional-excellence/student-engagement/tools-resources/culturally-responsive-instruction-resource-roundup
• Forbes. (2020). New research: How diversity and inclusion drives better business outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesinsights/2020/07/27/diversity?sh=3f3136d11ae8
• Journal of General Internal Medicine. (2018). Enhancing patient-provider communication: Strategies for bridging the cultural divide. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4495-3

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Cultural Sensitivity and Language Use Analytical Essay

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The use of words and symbols is the primary source of communication. From the time we are born, we are taught to verbally express our thoughts and feelings through language. The tone and choice of words used can differ given the context of the situation; however it remains the constant tool of expression.

Cultural beliefs are transmitted by the use of words and language. Words alone are meaningless until they are applied within a designed context. For example, stories and proverbs are frequently used to provide moral lessons that reflect the values from within the society.

Each region carries its own unique style in which messages are communicated. Although the language might be different, the goal of using words and symbols to instill a common idea within the community remains the same regardless of placement on the globe (Bonvillain, 2008). The right combination of terms can manipulate our way of thinking and behaving.

The selection of positive or negative expressions can trigger certain thoughts and emotions from within the subconscious mind. The response from individual behavior will ultimately reflect the feeling behind the words that are being used depending on the tone. The response to a given set of words also varies depending on a person’s interpretation behind the meaning.

Certain expressions used carry different significance which can influence the reaction of the intended audience. In terms of the product and sales industry for example, marketing campaigns will incorporate the use of slogans and key words in order to capture the consumers’ attention. The expected result of such messages is to excite the purchasing power and to bring up sales (Three Rivers 1996).

The context behind a set of words can be interpreted differently depending on facial expression, tone of voice, body gestures and circumstances. The meaning can change dramatically from a compliment to an insult depending on the comprehension of the listener.

The English language for example, contains many words that carry different meanings depending on the context in which it is being used. Take the word smart when used as an adjective it means intelligent, however depending on the tone used by the speaker it can be interpreted very differently. For instance, a young teenage girl getting her first pair of glasses asks her family’s opinion on them.

They respond that the glasses make her look smart . Although the comment was meant to be delivered as a compliment, the young girl who is already in an awkward stage and is self-conscious about herself could take it in a negative way. She could assume that her family is telling her that she merely appears to be intelligent now that she has glasses, but in fact is not.

The word smart has become a derogatory term used in this context, by implying that all people who wear glasses are brainy, and those who do not are not knowledgeable. This is an example of a typical stereotype that has been adapted into the western culture.

These types of cliché’s that are found in TV shows and movies that are meant for entertainment have created social misconceptions, societal gaps and emotional misunderstandings. They have also de-sensitized society of morally wrong forms of expression, blurring the lines of what is a correct form of speech and what is not.

Politically correct form of speech has become a major debated topic over the past few decades. The uses of derogatory phrases and words have been deemed unacceptable and are not tolerated in the work place, school and in public affairs. The quest for a mutual inoffensive form of expression is not an easy task however. Misconceptions and misunderstandings always seem to create more controversy rather than solving the issue.

“To help define what is politically correct, the University of Missouri’s Multicultural Program developed the Dictionary of Cautionary Words and Phrases” (Spring, 1992).

Its primary objective is to help define stereotypical terms and to create an understanding amongst different cultures. Freedom of Speech activists have been the biggest critics of such dictionaries. They argue that not being able to use specific terms to describe certain events causes more confusion and creates ambiguity rather than creating understanding.

A journalist from Montreal wrote his opinion as “Politically correct language is not so much about politics as about illdefined sensitivity. It often involves replacing a short, clear, precise word with four of five fuzzy words” (Spring, 1992). Another issue arises when attempting to create a considerate form of speech is the words being used to replace other ones, can actually be construed as racists or sexist.

A recent example noted was United States Senator Joseph Biden and his use of the word articulate in his description of the now President Barack Obama. This sparked controversy, especially amongst the African American community, stating that using articulate in this context is “the implication that most black people do not have the capacity to engage in articulate speech…” (Clemetson, 2007).

It was taken as a narrow-minded way of speaking and thinking. However under different circumstances the use of the word articulate is a compliment to a person’s ability to express themselves clearly and consistently.

It is apparent that creating a set of politically correct words that cater to the sensitivities of each individual is a near impossible task. In any given situation, the innocent message that is trying to be conveyed by the speaker, can be interpreted in a multitude of different ways by the listener. Words remain a powerful source in the exchange of information and ideas. They can also be used in ways of manipulation and assimilation.

A certain set of combinations can transform an entire way of thinking and behaving. Single words without any context remain insignificant until they are interpreted by the intended listener. The meaning behind the spoken language can vary depending on cultural belief or in the manner in which they are being transmitted.

The only way to truly gain overall understanding within society is to use language a communication tool rather than as a weapon. It is only through knowledge and understanding will we break down the misconceptions that divide us.

Works Cited

Bonvillain, Nancy. Language, Culture and Communication . USA: Prentice Hall, 2008 Print.

Clemetson, Lynette. “ The Racial Politics of Speaking Well .” . 2007. Web.

Spring, Natasha. “Freedom of Speech vs. Politically correct language”. 1992. Web.

Three Rivers, Amoja. “ Cultural Etiquette. A Guide for the Well-Intentioned ”. Communities Magazine . 1996. Web.

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Cultural Sensitivity

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The social sciences, especially those involved in the application of research, recently have come to highlight the importance of cultural sensitivity as it relates to theory, research, and practice. This understanding, for example, has compelled the creation of accreditation standards, publication standards, practice standards, and governance of the major psychological professions (see Gallardo et al. 2009 ). Although commentators and researchers have yet to establish a unified understanding of cultural sensitivity, researchers and theorists dealing with human development issues now widely acknowledge the need to have an understanding of cultural sources of human experience. Despite important growth in this area, it appears fair to say that the study of adolescence has yet to embrace fully the importance of cultural sensitivity, although it is true that research increasingly does focus on ethnic, racial, and cultural understandings (see Levesque 2007 ).

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American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. The American Psychologist, 58 , 377–402.

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Fowers, B. J., & Davidov, B. J. (2006). The virtue of multiculturalism: Personal transformation, character, and openness to the other. The American Psychologist, 61 , 581–594.

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Gallardo, M. E., Johnson, J., Parham, T. A., & Carter, J. A. (2009). Ethics and multiculturalism: Advancing cultural and clinical responsiveness. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40 , 425–435.

Levesque, R. J. R. (2007). The ethnicity of adolescent research. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36 , 375–389.

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Levesque, R.J.R. (2018). Cultural Sensitivity. In: Levesque, R.J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_633

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An Essay about Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence in Higher Education

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Cultural Sensitivity: The Importance of Cultural Sensitivity in Providing Effective Care for Diverse Populations (Position Paper)

A position paper of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)

The vision of the AAFP is “to transform healthcare to achieve optimal health for everyone.” All persons, regardless of linguistic or other cultural characteristics, deserve access to high quality health services. However, in our nation and elsewhere, health inequities persist, and health outcome disparities remain an ethical and practical dilemma  (1) . Culturally and linguistically appropriate services, broadly defined as care and services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of all individuals  (2) , hold the promise to reduce these health outcome disparities. Such services are the hallmark of culturally proficient health care delivery for our nation’s increasingly diverse population.

Cultural sensitivity is broadly recognized as the knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs that enable people to work well with, respond effectively to, and be supportive of people in cross-cultural settings. Cultural sensitivity is not solely the acceptance of cultural differences, but rather a transformational process that allows individuals to acknowledge interdependence and align with a group other than their own. Culturally proficient health care, in particular, makes use of a patient’s language and culture as tools to improve outcomes for that individual.

“Culture” is a term whose meaning has evolved and broadened. In 2013, the enhanced National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care  (3) define culture as:

“The integrated pattern of thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions associated, wholly or partially, with racial, ethnic or linguistic groups, as well as with religious, spiritual, biological, geographical or sociological characteristics. Culture is dynamic in nature, and individuals may identify with multiple cultures over the course of their lifetime.”

The enhanced CLAS standards list the following elements of culture, acknowledging that culture is not limited to the following:

• Cognitive ability or limitations
• Country of origin
• Degree of acculturation
• Educational level attained
• Environment and surroundings
• Family and household compositions
• Gender identity
• Health practice, including use of traditional healer techniques such as Reiki and acupuncture
• Linguistic characteristics, including language(s) spoken, written or signed; dialects or regional variants; literacy levels; and other related communication needs
• Military affiliation
• Occupational groups
• Perceptions of family and community
• Perceptions of health and well-being and related practices
• Perceptions/beliefs regarding diet and nutrition
• Physical ability or limitations
• Political beliefs
• Racial and ethnic groups - including but not limited to - those defined by the US Census Bureau
• Religious and spiritual characteristics, including beliefs, practices and support systems related to how an individual finds and defines meaning in his/her life.
• Residence (i.e. urban, rural or suburban)
• Sexual orientation
• Socioeconomic status

Cultural sensitivity is an essential element for patient safety and adherence. The National Center for Culture Competence provides six reasons for the implementation of cultural sensitivity  (4) :

• To respond to current and projected demographic changes in the United States.
• To eliminate long-standing disparities in the health status of people of diverse racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
• To improve the quality of services and primary care outcomes.
• To meet legislative, regulatory and accreditation mandates.
• To gain a competitive edge in the market place.
• To decrease the likelihood of liability/malpractice claims.

These six reasons touch upon two overarching and intertwined themes: social justice and good business practice. Cultural sensitivity, with its expected outcome, health equity, is not simply the “right thing to do.” In today’s era of accountable care and emphasis on improving care and controlling cost, cultural proficiency is a “must do.” Cultural sensitivity potentially can save both lives and money  (5) .

The AAFP endorses the document, National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Heath Care: A Blueprint for Advancing and Sustaining CLAS Policy and Practice, from the Office of Minority Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, April 2013. The Blueprint  (3)  describes 15 distinct standards that are organized around 3 themes:

Theme 1: Governance, Leadership and Workforce Theme 2: Communication and Language Assistance Theme 3: Engagement, Continuous Improvement and Accountability

The Principal Standard of the Blueprint is, “To provide effective, equitable, understandable and respectful quality care and services that are responsive to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred languages, health literacy and other communication needs.” This standard frames the essential goal of the remaining 14 standards and aligns with AAFP’s vision “to transform healthcare to achieve optimal health for everyone.”

AAFP adopts the Principal Standard and the remaining 14 CLAS standards  (3)  with the following family medicine-specific perspectives on the three themes listed above.

Governance, Leadership and Workforce Creating an environment in which culturally diverse individuals feel welcome and valued is of great importance to AAFP in order to infuse multicultural perspectives into the plan, design and execution of AAFP-driven health initiatives, not just for AAFP members but the population as a whole. Recruiting and retaining culturally diverse individuals into the field of family medicine is an important strategy to reduce disparities in health outcomes. Preparing and supporting a workforce that demonstrates the attitudes, knowledge and skills necessary to work effectively with diverse populations is another.

Leadership in AAFP aspires to reflect the diversity of the community it serves. Leadership commitment to integrating cultural and linguistic competency is essential in order to move cultural sensitivity from theory to action.

Structural and governance examples of AAFP’s leadership commitment to the principles of cultural sensitivity include its Subcommittee on Health Equity, Center for Diversity and Health Equity, and its National Conference of Constituency Leaders.

Communication and Language Assistance The AAFP endorses the 2013 enhanced CLAS standards that improve patient safety and reduce medical error due to miscommunication. Patients need to understand their care and participate in decisions regarding their health. In order to ensure that individuals with limited English proficiency have equitable access to health services, AAFP supports the use of qualified interpreters who demonstrate special language aptitude in both the language of medical terminology and in health systems.

All AAFP members or their staff should be knowledgeable about the types of communication and language services available and be prepared to share this information with patients.

The AAFP supports private and public payer initiatives that facilitate access to, and reward the promotion and provision of, appropriate and professional language services in diverse care settings, particularly at the practice level. Without support from such initiatives to provide resources, these vital services will be beyond the practical reach of what many individual practices will be able to deliver.

Organizations must comply with requirements such as Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other relevant federal, state and local requirements. Written materials (informed consent, instructions, notices of non-coverage of services, etc.) and signage should be easy to understand and translatable.

Engagement, Continuous Improvement and Accountability With its vision “to transform health care to achieve optimal health for everyone”, AAFP integrates cultural sensitivity in advocacy, policy-making and governance.

AAFP promotes cultural sensitivity training of its members and their staff by providing enduring, updated materials and resources in multiple venues.

AAFP supports the ongoing collection of social and demographic data of all patients in all settings so that outcomes can be stratified, disparities will be identified and solutions to promote health equity may be planned and implemented. The patient-centered medical home standards, endorsed and promoted by AAFP, exemplify this commitment. An additional example of this commitment is AAFP’s participation in efforts to integrate public health and primary care. The sharing of community-based data and resources between the two entities holds the potential to promote health equity for local populations in all states.

AAFP supports its members’ direct engagement of community and rewards this behavior by conferring the status of fellow to individual members who, among other activities, promote the health of their communities through education and service beyond the usual standards of medical practice.

AAFP is accountable to its members and to the communities its members serve. AAFP recruits diverse leadership and encourages its members to advocate for diverse populations. The AAFP’s governance structure promotes grass roots input: ideas and resolutions are presented and debated democratically by a diverse representation of membership.

Summary AAFP supports the broad adoption of cultural sensitivity standards by government, payers, health care organizations, practices and individuals. When cultural sensitivity is an expected standard in health care delivery, “optimal health for everyone” means every one.

References:

1) American College of Physicians. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Updated 2010. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2010: Policy Paper. 2) American College of Physicians, 2010; Griffith, Yonas, Mason and Havens, 2010. 3) National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care: A Blueprint for Advancing and Sustaining CLAS Policy and Practice. Office of Minority Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2013. 4) Policy Brief 1: Rationale for Culture Competence in Primary Care. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development. Goode TD and Dunne C. 5) Commonwealth Fund Publication No. 962, The Evidence Base for Cultural and Linguistic Competency in Health Care. Goode TD, Dunne C, Bronheim SM, 2006.

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Understanding the Importance of Cultural Sensitivity in Classroom

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• Posted on March 13, 2024
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In today’s diverse and interconnected world, cultural sensitivity has become an essential aspect of education. Classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse, with students hailing from various cultural backgrounds. This diversity enriches the learning environment, providing students with a broader perspective and preparing them for a multicultural society. As classrooms become increasingly multicultural, teachers must promote an environment that respects and values the diversity of their students. Teachers must recognize and understand the various cultural nuances present among their students to create inclusive classrooms that foster mutual respect, empathy, and appreciation for different cultures by understanding and embracing cultural sensitivity.

Embracing Cultural Sensitivity: Bridging Diversity for Understanding

A. multicultural classroom.

As classrooms become microcosms of the wider world, teachers find themselves working with students from diverse cultural, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. This diversity can be a tremendous asset, contributing to a rich tapestry of ideas and experiences. However, it also poses challenges, as teachers must navigate cultural differences to ensure an equitable and inclusive educational experience for all students.

b. Cultural Sensitivity in the Classroom

Cultural sensitivity in classrooms refers to the awareness and understanding of different cultural backgrounds, beliefs, values, and practices. It involves recognizing and respecting the unique perspectives and experiences of students from various cultural backgrounds. It goes beyond acknowledging the visible differences and extends to understanding the underlying beliefs, traditions, and communication styles that shape students’ worldviews. Cultural sensitivity plays a vital role in promoting a positive learning environment and enhancing students’ academic and social development. By embracing cultural sensitivity, teachers create an environment where every student feels seen, heard, and valued.

Impact of Culturally Sensitive Classroom on Student Learning

Cultural sensitivity plays a crucial role in shaping the educational experience and outcomes of students. When students feel a sense of belonging and connection in the classroom, their motivation and engagement increase. Conversely, a lack of cultural sensitivity can lead to feelings of isolation, marginalization, and disengagement, hindering academic performance and overall well-being.

1. Promotes effective communication: One of the key benefits of a culturally sensitive classroom is the promotion of effective communication. Students from different cultural backgrounds may have distinct communication styles, and teachers need to be attuned to these variations. By fostering open and respectful communication, teachers can bridge cultural gaps, ensuring that every student has an equal opportunity to express themselves and participate in class discussions.

2. Promotes positive attitude: Moreover, cultural sensitivity promotes a positive attitude towards diversity, fostering a more inclusive learning environment. When students encounter diverse perspectives and experiences in their coursework, it broadens their understanding of the world and prepares them for collaboration in a globalized workforce. This exposure helps break down stereotypes and prejudices, promoting empathy and understanding among students.

3. Promotes inclusivity: One of the primary benefits of cultural sensitivity in the classroom is the promotion of inclusivity. When students feel valued and respected for their cultural identities, they are more likely to engage in the learning process actively. This inclusivity also helps to create a sense of belonging and acceptance, which is crucial for students’ overall well-being and academic success. Research has consistently shown that students who feel included and accepted in their classrooms perform better academically and have higher self-esteem

4. Foster’s open-mindedness and empathy: Cultural sensitivity also fosters open-mindedness and empathy among students. By exposing students to different cultures and perspectives, teachers can broaden their horizons and challenge stereotypes and biases. This exposure helps students develop a more comprehensive understanding of the world and cultivates their ability to empathize with others. These skills are essential for fostering global citizenship and creating a more harmonious and tolerant society.

5. Students gain a better understanding of lessons and people: Students obtain a greater understanding of the subject matter when they collaborate and study in the classroom alongside students and teachers from various backgrounds and cultures. It also teaches students how to contribute to a diversified working environment by utilizing their skills and points of view.

6. Prepares for multicultural workforce: In addition to academic benefits, cultural sensitivity in the classroom prepares students for the multicultural workforce they will encounter in the future. As globalization continues to shape our society, individuals with cultural competence are highly valued in the job market. Employers seek individuals who can effectively collaborate with people from diverse backgrounds and navigate cross-cultural situations. By promoting cultural sensitivity in the classroom, teachers are equipping students with the skills and attitudes necessary for success in a globalized world.

Detrimental Effects of a Lack of Cultural Sensitivity in the Classroom

In an era characterized by increasing diversity, cultural insensitivity can lead to a myriad of challenges, hindering the educational experience and personal growth of students. delves into the negative impacts of a deficient cultural sensitivity approach in the classroom, exploring how it affects students, fosters an exclusionary environment, and impedes the overall goals of education.

1. Marginalization and alienation – One of the primary consequences of a lack of cultural sensitivity is the marginalization and alienation of students from diverse backgrounds. When educators fail to acknowledge and appreciate the cultural nuances of their students, it sends a message that certain perspectives are not valued. This can result in students feeling isolated, misunderstood, and excluded from the learning community, negatively impacting their academic performance and overall well-being.

2. Limited academic engagement – Cultural insensitivity can contribute to limited academic engagement among students. When the curriculum and teaching methods do not consider diverse learning styles and cultural backgrounds, some students may struggle to connect with the material. This disengagement can lead to a cycle of underachievement, as students may disassociate from the educational process due to a perceived lack of relevance to their own experiences.

3. Communication barriers – In a culturally insensitive classroom, communication barriers often arise. Students from different cultural backgrounds may have distinct communication styles, and educators need to be aware of and adapt to these differences. Failure to do so can result in misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and a breakdown in effective communication. This not only hampers learning but also perpetuates stereotypes and reinforces cultural biases.

4. Impact on mental health and well-being – The emotional and mental well-being of students is significantly affected by the cultural sensitivity of the learning environment. A lack of cultural sensitivity can contribute to heightened stress, anxiety, and a sense of exclusion among students. These negative emotions can impede their ability to focus on academic tasks, hindering both their short-term academic performance and long-term personal development.

5. Reinforcement of stereotypes and prejudices – Educators play a crucial role in shaping the perceptions and attitudes of students. A lack of cultural sensitivity can inadvertently reinforce stereotypes and perpetuate biases. When cultural differences are not recognized and respected, students may internalize negative stereotypes, leading to the perpetuation of harmful prejudices. This not only affects the targeted individuals but also creates a toxic learning environment for everyone involved.

6. Missed opportunities for learning and growth – Cultural diversity in the classroom presents a wealth of opportunities for learning and personal growth. However, a lack of cultural sensitivity results in missed opportunities to explore and appreciate different perspectives. Students are denied the chance to develop critical skills such as empathy, intercultural communication, and a global mindset, which are essential in today’s interconnected world.

Practical strategies for fostering a Culturally Responsive Educational Setting

Creating a culturally sensitive classroom requires a proactive approach from teachers. So how can teachers promote cultural sensitivity in their classrooms? Here are some practical strategies:

1. Educate yourself: Take the time to learn about different cultures, histories, and traditions. This will help you better understand and appreciate the experiences of your students.

2. Cultural competence training: Educators should undergo training to enhance their cultural competence. This training can provide insights into various cultural backgrounds, helping teachers understand the diverse needs of their students and adapt their teaching methods accordingly.

3. Get to know your students: Understanding each student is the first step in promoting cultural awareness in the classroom. Learn about each student’s cultural background, interests, learning methods, and what distinguishes them. A genuine interest in knowing about each kid and their culture can help you create trust and form a link with them, making them feel appreciated.

4. Inclusive curriculum: Review and revise the curriculum to ensure it reflects the diversity of the student body. Incorporate materials, diverse perspectives, literature, texts, and examples from various cultures to make the content more relatable and inclusive. This allows students to see themselves represented and exposes them to different cultures and perspectives

5. Flexible teaching methods: Recognize that students have different learning styles shaped by their cultural backgrounds. Adopt flexible teaching methods that cater to diverse learning preferences, allowing students to engage with the material in ways that resonate with them.

6. Collaborative learning: Promote collaborative learning activities that encourage students to work together and appreciate the unique strengths and perspectives each individual brings to the group. This fosters mutual respect and understanding.

7. Create a safe and inclusive environment: Foster a classroom culture that celebrates diversity and encourages open dialogue. Establish clear guidelines for respectful communication and address any instances of discrimination or bias promptly.

8. Encourage student participation: Provide opportunities for students to share their cultural experiences and traditions. This can be done through presentations, projects, or class discussions. Encourage all students to listen and ask questions respectfully.

9. Celebrating diversity: Create opportunities to celebrate and showcase the cultural diversity within the classroom. Organize cultural events, guest speakers, or activities that highlight different traditions, holidays, and customs.

10. Regular self-reflection: Regularly reflect on teaching practices and assess their cultural sensitivity. Educators should be open to feedback from students and colleagues, using it as an opportunity for continuous improvement.

Cultural sensitivity in the classroom is not merely a commendable aspiration but a necessity in today’s educational landscape. As classrooms become more diverse, teachers must actively embrace and incorporate cultural sensitivity into their teaching practices. The impact of a culturally sensitive approach extends beyond academic success, influencing students’ social and emotional well-being and preparing them for a globalized and interconnected world. By fostering cultural sensitivity, teachers contribute to the development of a generation of individuals who appreciate diversity, value inclusion, and possess the skills to navigate a multicultural society.

1. How do you promote cultural sensitivity in the classroom?

Promoting cultural sensitivity in the classroom is crucial for fostering a respectful and inclusive learning environment. To achieve this,

• Teachers can incorporate diverse perspectives and experiences into the curriculum.
• They can also encourage open discussions about different cultures, beliefs, and traditions, allowing students to share their own experiences and learn from one another.
• Creating opportunities for cross-cultural interactions, such as celebrating cultural festivals or inviting guest speakers from different backgrounds, can also enhance cultural understanding.
• Teachers should model and encourage empathy, respect, and appreciation for all cultures, helping students develop a global mindset that values diversity and promotes harmony in the classroom and beyond.

2. What is cultural sensitivity in school?

Cultural sensitivity in school refers to the awareness, understanding, and respect for different cultures, beliefs, and traditions. It involves creating an inclusive environment that values diversity, promotes empathy, and encourages open dialogue, fostering a sense of belonging and respect among students from various cultural backgrounds.

3. What is the culturally sensitive approach to teaching?

A culturally sensitive approach to teaching involves recognizing and respecting the diverse cultural backgrounds and experiences of students. It requires teachers to incorporate culturally relevant content and pedagogical practices that reflect the students’ identities and experiences. This approach emphasizes the use of inclusive materials, such as literature, art, and history, that represent various cultures. It also encourages teachers to incorporate multicultural perspectives into their teaching methods, promoting cross-cultural understanding and respect. Culturally sensitive teaching involves creating a safe and inclusive classroom environment where students feel valued and empowered to share their cultural perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging and promoting positive intercultural relationships among students.

4. How do you practice being socially sensitive in the classroom?

To practice social sensitivity in the classroom, teachers can:

• Create a supportive environment: Encourage students to share their thoughts and opinions in a safe and inclusive space.
• Establish guidelines for respectful conversations: Develop rules that promote active listening, avoiding generalizations, and using evidence when disagreeing.
• Incorporate diverse perspectives: Use inclusive materials, literature, and art that represent various cultures.
• Teach empathy: Discuss and write about empathy, encouraging students to understand and consider others’ feelings.
• Promote kindness: Encourage random acts of kindness and build a positive school culture.
• Address sensitive topics: Teach sensitive issues through structured discussions, role-playing, and storytelling, allowing students to express their thoughts and emotions.
• Practice gratitude: Engage students in gratitude exercises to foster appreciation and empathy.
• Foster social skills: Provide opportunities for students to learn and practice social skills through activities like cooperative learning and role-playing.

5. Why is culture important in education?

Culture is important in education for several reasons.

• Firstly, education helps individuals develop their personalities and gain self-confidence, which are essential for personal growth and success in life.
• Secondly, education plays a crucial role in shaping the future and way of life for individuals.
• Additionally, education is a basic need for humans, and it is highly valued in many cultures as a means to achieve success.
• Moreover, culture-based education ensures that teaching and learning are aligned with the values, norms, beliefs, and practices of different cultures, promoting inclusivity and catering to the diverse backgrounds of students.
• Lastly, education helps preserve and transmit cultural heritage, ensuring that social customs, traditions, values, and norms are passed onto future generations.

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References:

• Ozgen, C., Nijkamp, P., & Poot, J. (2017). The elusive effects of workplace diversity on innovation. Papers in Regional Science, 96, S31S32.
• Alesina A, La Ferrara E (2005) Ethnic diversity and economic performance. Journal of Economic Literature 43: 762800

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Practicing Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility in the Care of Diverse Patients

Diversity is the one true thing we all have in common. Celebrate it every day. — Author Unknown

The 2002 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare , brought into stark focus the issues of inequities based on minority status in health care services. The IOM report concluded that, “Bias, stereotyping, prejudice, and clinical uncertainty on the part of healthcare providers may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare” ( 1 ). Persons in racial and ethnic minority groups were found to receive lower-quality health care than whites received, even when they were insured to the same degree and when other health care access-related factors, such as the ability to pay for care, were the same ( 1 ). Clients in minority groups were also not getting their needs met in mental health treatment ( 2 , 3 ). The IOM report was a primary impetus for the cultural competence movement in health care.

Cultural competency emphasizes the need for health care systems and providers to be aware of, and responsive to, patients’ cultural perspectives and backgrounds ( 4 ). Patient and family preferences, values, cultural traditions, language, and socioeconomic conditions are respected. The concepts of cultural competence and patient-centered care intersect in meaningful ways. The IOM’s Crossing the Quality Chasm ( 5 ) document defines patient-centered care as “providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions” (p. 3). Both patient centeredness and cultural competence are needed in striving to improve health care quality ( 6 , 7 ). To deliver individualized, patient-centered care, a provider must consider patients’ diversity of lifestyles, experience, and perspectives to collaborate in joint decision making. Patient-centered care has the potential to enhance equity in health care delivery; cultural sensitivity may likewise enhance patient-centered care ( 6 ). Indicators of culturally sensitive health care identified in focus groups of low-income African-American, Latino American, and European American primary care patients included interpersonal skills, individualized treatment, effective communication, and technical competence ( 8 ). The U.S. Office of Minority Health has set national standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate health care services ( 9 ). The Principal Standard is that health care must “provide effective, equitable, understandable and respectful quality care and services that are responsive to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred languages, health literacy and other communication needs” (p. 1).

Five key predictors of culture-related communication problems have been identified in the literature: cultural differences in explanatory models of health and illness, differences in cultural values, cultural differences in patients’ preferences for doctor–patient relationships, racism and perceptual biases, and linguistic barriers ( 10 ). Physicians are often poorly cognizant of how their communication patterns may vary with respect to the characteristics of the individual they are treating ( 11 ). This unconscious preconceptualization is termed implicit bias , which refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner ( 12 ). All people experience these—even those who strive to maintain a multicultural orientation and openness to diversity. Health care providers must openly reflect on and discuss issues of the patient’s culture, including ethnicity and race, gender, age, class, education, religion, sexual orientation and identification, and physical ability, along with the unequal distribution of power and the existence of social inequities, to effectively coconstruct a treatment plan that is patient centered and culturally sensitive.

Merging Cultural Competence With Cultural Humility

Cultural humility ( 13 ) involves entering a relationship with another person with the intention of honoring their beliefs, customs, and values. It entails an ongoing process of self-exploration and self-critique combined with a willingness to learn from others. Authors have contrasted cultural humility with the concept of cultural competence. Cultural competence is characterized as a skill that can be taught, trained, and achieved and is often described as a necessary and sufficient condition for working effectively with diverse patients. The underlying assumption of this approach is that the greater the knowledge one has about another culture, the greater the competence in practice. The concept of cultural humility, by contrast, de-emphasizes cultural knowledge and competency and places greater emphasis on lifelong nurturing of self-evaluation and critique, promotion of interpersonal sensitivity and openness, addressing power imbalances, and advancement of an appreciation of intracultural variation and individuality to avoid stereotyping. Cultural humility encourages an interpersonal stance that is curious and other-oriented ( 14 , 15 ).

The infusion of cultural humility into cultural knowledge has been coined competemility : the merging of competence and humility ( 16 ). Cultural competemility is defined as “the synergistic process between cultural humility and cultural competence in which cultural humility permeates each of the five components of cultural competence: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural desire, and cultural encounters” ( 16 ). The competemility position allows a meaningful connection with each patient as a unique individual, with diverse perspectives, culture, and lifestyles. Cultural competemility necessitates a consciousness of the limits of one’s knowledge and the awareness of the ever-present potential for unconscious biases to limit one’s viewpoint ( 15 , 16 ).

Practicing Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility

Cultural competence, cultural humility, and patient-centered care are all concepts that endeavor to detail essential components of a health care system that is sensitive to patient diversity, individual choice, and doctor–patient connection. A culturally competent health care workforce highlights five components: cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, desire, and encounters. Cultural humility focuses on identifying one’s own implicit biases, self-understanding, and interpersonal sensitivity and cultivating an appreciation for the multifaceted components of each individual (culture, gender, sexual identity, race and ethnicity, religion, lifestyle, etc.), which promotes patient-centered approaches to treatment. The new concept of competemility is the synergistic combination of cultural competence with cultural humility. Health care professionals need both process (cultural humility) and product (cultural competence) to interact effectively with culturally diverse patients ( 17 ).

Establishing a collaborative mutual partnership with diverse patients requires an open, self-reflective, other-centered approach to understanding and formulating the patients’ strengths and difficulties and coconstructing the treatment plan. Below are tips for practicing cultural competence and cultural humility.

Get to know your community. Who lives there, and what are the resource disparities in the community? Is there a large immigrant or refugee population? What are the most common ethnicities and languages spoken? What is the climate in the community regarding cultural diversity?

• Consider whether politics or laws, such as immigration laws or a recent federal government move to eliminate protections in health care for transgender Americans ( 18 ), are adding to the stress of diverse communities.
• If you, as the physician, are a person of color, consider how that affects your practice and work with diverse patients. If you are European American, reflect on the implicit biases that may affect your practice with diverse patients and theirs with you.
• Pay attention to office practices: do they enhance an atmosphere of welcoming everyone? Are interpreter services available, if needed?
• Ask patients by which pronoun they would prefer to be addressed.
• Use a journal to jot down potential implicit biases and observations about rapport building, for ongoing self-reflection.
• Don’t assume. Ask the patient about background, practices, religion, and culture to avoid stereotyping.
• Reassure by words and actions that you are interested in understanding the patient and helping to coconstruct a plan to fit his or her needs. State upfront that this is a collaborative process and that you welcome input on the process (communicating openly with each other) and the product (treatment plan).
• Ask directly what the patient wants to achieve with the psychiatric consultation/treatment. This can help identify patient goals and treatment methods.
• A family genogram may help clarify family dynamics, cultural background, and possible generational trauma.
• Ask directly about experiences of discrimination, bullying, traumas, or harassment. Are there fears associated with minority status?
• Identify strengths, interests, and resilience factors.
• Discuss patient-centered care to determine whether this is understood or if this is an unfamiliar practice. Get patient input about collaborating in health care decisions. For patients who are accustomed to the doctor being the one making all the decisions, consider initiating a request for decisions, even small ones, to reinforce with them that you want to know their preferences and help them become comfortable with making health care decisions and communicating wants and needs.
• Inquire about what the patient feels would be helpful. Are there cultural practices or herbal remedies that they have already tried—and what was the result? Are there religious, cultural, or individual convictions that affect choice of treatment?
• Ask during the session whether the patient has any clarification of information that he or she didn’t feel the physician appropriately understood. If using an interpreter, make sure that he or she is interpreting the full discussion (and not summarizing, which loses the nuance and some meaning).
• After the session, ask the patient if he or she felt understood, if he or she understands the process, and if there is anything else he or she would like to add to be better understood.
• Model coconstruction of the treatment plan by asking about goals and helping the patient consider possible methods of meeting those goals.
• Clarify the patient’s preference for family involvement and, depending on the age and competence of the patient, what information will be communicated to the family.

Dr. Stubbe reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.