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OBU RAP Topics – Choosing the best topic

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Introduction to OBU RAP Topics

This section is devoted to choosing the appropriate topic among the 15 available OBU RAP Topics, understanding the structure of the critical OBU RAP topics, and suggested models for essential research report topic. please check other articles If you desire a complete step on  how to write a successful ACCA OBU research report , or you desire information about the  critical changes to the information pack and important dates

ACCA students who intend to submit a Research and Analysis Project (RAP) to Oxford Brookes University are required to choose one (1) of twenty (15) approved Acca OBU RAP Topics List. No student is allowed to submit any RAP that deviates from the approved ACCA OBU degree topics.

It is advisable to choose a topic based on your passion, work experience, and ability to generate enough information/data to achieve the full requirements of any ACCA Obu RAP Topic. While many of the OBU RAP topics require some form of a primary source of information such as questionnaires or interviews, a few ones can be completed with information that is readily available online and other published sources. Examples of such Acca OBU RAP topics include Topic 4,Topic 5, Topic 8, Topic 13 and Topic 14. resubmitting or writing the research report newly, you should discuss it with an experienced mentor. Please read a useful article from the ACCA on how to choose a topic

Here is a video by john playle on How to choose a research and analysis project ACCA Applied Accounting BSc

You can contact our mentors for a free consultation and also join our WhatsApp group discussion .

ACCA OBU RAP Topic 8, OBU RAP Topic 4 and OBU RAP Topic 5 – Business and financial analysis suggested approach

These are interesting topic out of the twenty OBU RAP Topics. OBU Topic 8, OBU Topic 4 and OBU topic 5 title deals with the analysis and evaluation of the business and financial performance of an organization for over three years. Critical changes were made to these topics recently in the newly released information pack 2021/2022 which completely change the topic title for topic 4 and 5 and adjusted topic 8

These set of topics are the most popular of twenty OBU RAP topics. However, to achieve success, the industry and organization chosen for the research must have adequate secondary information to support the requirement of the topic.

OBU RAP Topic 4 – Analyse and evaluate the business and financial performance of an organization which has performed exceptionally poorly over a three-year period with a critical analysis of the reasons for its difficulties.

OBU RAP Topic 5 – Analyse and evaluate the business and financial performance of an organisation which has performed exceptionally well over a three-year period with a critical analysis of the reasons for its success.

OBU RAP Topic 8 -Analyse and evaluate the business and financial performance over a three-year period of an organisation operating in a sector that has faced strategic and operational challenges with an emphasis on how management have addressed these challenges

These set of ACCA OBU RAP Topics has two major requirements

1 Analysis and evaluation of the business performance of a company

2. Research and evaluation of the financial performance of a company

You should give equal priority to both the business analysis and the financial analysis sections of the topic. Suggested models are SWOT and PEST. Students should try to avoid repetition when using business models. The most crucial factor here is synchronization, which means you should explain changes/movements in your financial ratios with external and internal business factors gathered from a wide range of sources. On the other hand, the business factors explained under the financial section should be well described within the business analysis section based on the models chosen by a student. All major economic variables, such as interest rate, exchange rate, inflation, and critical policies within the industry, must be utilized during the analysis. Please go through detailed explanation from the examiners on the Research report cha nges

Note : the organisation chosen will depend on the specific requirement of the topics and management action to address critical challenges must be included to ACCA OBU RAP topic 8

Please read examiner’s feedback comments for this topic s in the OBU RAP topics Feedback comments

OBU RAP Topic 6 – Motivation of employees suggested approach

This is also a popular topic out of the twenty OBU RAP Topics. The full topi is ‘A critical review of key factors or indicators in the motivation of employees in an organization’ OBU RAP Topic 6 is also a popular topic out of the twenty OBU RAP topics and has a reasonable pass rate. Success on the topic depends and the listed factors below:

1. Sound understanding of relevant motivational models.

2. Well-structured research objectives and project questions which is consistent with the models and topic title.

3. Well-structured questionnaire from those applicable motivational models that is also consistent with the research objectives and question

4. Questionnaire summary in tables and grafts.

5. good analysis and evaluation of the questionnaire that is consistent with the logical flow of the research objectives

6. The extensive use of other primary sources of information to support analysis, for example, employee handbook, HR policies e.g., conditions, pay, and training provision.

7. The use of other external secondary information to enrich the analysis of the questionnaire each questionnaire

OBU RAP Topic 6 – Information Gathering And Referencing

Students need to understand that this topic involves both primary and secondary research. When you get the appropriate secondary information, your analysis becomes robust. 

You may also find yourself in this muddle when you pick a company that won’t grant you access to their primary information. Apart from your questionnaire, other internal sources such as employee handbook, Bonuses, training, and remuneration policy are also needed. Besides, secondary sources of information in the relevant section is also critical for robust analysis. You have to be careful when you choose your case-study company.

OBU RAP Topic 6 – Understanding Of Accountancy/Business Models

You cannot use a model you do not understand, as this will affect the quality of your RAP. The first thing, a mentee needs to do is to pick motivational models and understand them thoroughly. Because understanding them will help the mentee structure the questionnaire towards a comprehensive analysis as wrong questionnaire questions will invalidate any form of research and conclusion, leading to a failed grade.

Students should use about (3) motivational models, not just one or two. Suggested models include Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Motivation, McGregor Theory X and Theory Y and Vroom expectancy Theory, Lock goal theory.

Clear, unambiguous questions are the starting point for any reliable research questionnaire. This is why we always request students to ask clear and specific questions in their questionnaire. Also, students need to go personal when asking questions from the respondents.

OBU RAP Topic 6 – Evaluation Of Information, Analysis, And Conclusions

 This has to do with making sense of all the information you have gathered from primary and secondary sources and drawing conclusions from them. The mistake students make here is when they start drawing conclusions that are not based on data provided. They just assume with no evidence. They make assertive statements; however, they have offered little or no information on the subject matter to support their statements.

Two factors are critical to your analysis, proving or disproving your model during your research, and the usage of other sources of information such as the Employee handbook to give the required quality to each of your analysis.

Your presentation has to be structured and arranged. Students sometimes present their findings in ways that do not connect to the research objectives/questions. We always suggest mentees to highlight their  research questions  one after the other and place the analysis that answers each underneath the questions. If you are not careful about this, the output will not make sense, and irrelevancies will be in your work. When we return projects based on this, mentees have to remove irrelevant analysis or restructure the research report to answer their research questions.

Please read examiner’s feedback comments for this topic in the OBU RAP topics Feedback comments

OBU RAP Topic 7 – Restructuring suggested approach

 There are two requirements here

1. Evaluation of the restructuring of an organization’s operational activities

2. Evaluation of the effect of restructuring on the organization’s financial performance

OBU RAP Topic 7 – Overall Concept Of Restructuring/ Business Combination or new business growth

Part of meeting the requirements of this topic is for you to clearly state your research objectives and research questions and ensure it is not only consistent with the topic title and applicable models and techniques, but it also relates to what is in chapter 3 section of the research report

ACCA OBU RAP TOPIC 7 – Recommended Approach

Suggested Business models to meet the first requirement of this topic includes SWOT and Force-field analysis to analyze the restructuring of an organization’s operational activities critically. Your models from the options listed above should be applied appropriately to meet the requirements of the topic.

Industry focus Financial ratios can then be used to meet the second requirement of the topic. The focus here is evaluating and analyzing the per-restructuring and post-restructuring periods while synchronizing information between the business analysis and financial analysis is key to success.

OBU RAP Topic 15: Marketing strategy suggested approach

A review of the marketing strategy of an organization and its effectiveness.

ACCA OBU RAP Topic 15 title focuses on two major aspects

1. Evaluation of the marketing strategies of the choosing organization 

2. Evaluation of the effectiveness of such marketing strategies.

The suggested models to evaluation of the marketing strategies of the choosing organization are 4/7 Ps of marketing, Ansoff, Boston Consulting Group Matrix. However, the application will depend on the organization chosen. You should then explore possible approaches to segmentation, targeting, and positioning before analyzing the marketing mix (7 Ps or 4 Ps) of your selected organization for OBU RAP Topic 18. Good benchmarking is suggested during the marketing mix and analyzing marketing effectiveness

The second requirement of the ACCA OBU RAP Topic 18 focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of the organization’s marketing strategy. Marketing specific ratios are recommended.

The trend in marketing spend to revenue over a period of time

The proportion of marketing costs to sales should be stable or show a slight downward trend (if they are continually rising then it tends to indicate that the company is having to increase promotional costs just to maintain its current level of sales or maintain market share

Market share per segment and Market share in total

Increasing market share or maintain market share if the main competitors’ parts are decreasing is another indicator of success

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Obu faq frequently asked questions, as the obu forum moderator trephena have answered some of the most obu faq frequently asked questions here and an obu marker for the bsc (hons) degree in applied accounting has added a few relevant comments., we hope that all this will really help students coming to our obu forums, how long does it take to complete the rap.

This depends to a certain extent how much time you have and the grade you want! As a general guideline I suggest 3 months should be sufficient to do a good RAP if you work steadily at it during that time. There is normally a correlation between time spent and quality, so if you want a decent grade, do not try to do it in a hurry! Reviewing your work objectively as you go along and making the necessary revisions if required, is another way of improving your RAP and again this needs to be built into the timetable. Students who do the whole RAP in 4-6 weeks are very unlikely to get more than a C grade. (Trephena)

What evidence must I produce of my ability in English as it is not my first language?

This is administered by ACCA not OBU. Details of the qualifications that meet Oxford Brookes University’s proof of English proficiency can be found in the links below: https://www.brookes.ac.uk/international/how-to-apply/english-language-requirements https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-applying-for-uk-visa-approved-english-language-tests

Remember that the real proof of proficiency in English will actually be demonstrated in the RAP itself. Although we make great efforts to mark fairly regardless of a student’s first language, we do need to understand the important concepts and ideas in both the report and the SLS. If we can’t then we may have to fail on Communication in the assessment criteria, although we make some allowances for grammar and other mistakes. (OBU Marker)

How do I go about choosing a suitable topic?

 I always think that students should choose a topic and organisation that interests them (and as it their work, it should be their choice rather than their mentor’s!). However there are certain principles that MUST be borne in mind right at the beginning so that you do not waste time and then discover that you will not have sufficient information to do a good analysis. Does your topic require primary data and will you have adequate access to this primary information? Or will you be able to conduct primary research if relevant (which it is normally the case for Topic 6 for example)? (Please also see the FAQs below relating to primary and secondary data for further explanations). Many topics require inside information or access to confidential information – so you must establish and get permission that you may use this information before you start (otherwise you may be in breach of your employment contract). You must be able to use a model and apply it (to fulfil the assessment criteria) so you should give some thought to an appropriate model for your topic and its application. Most importantly you should also consider how you may be able to evaluate your information objectively. Unfortunately a significant amount of RAPs on Topic 11, 13 and 16 fail because the student has done some excellent research and described what the situation is, but has not applied any original analysis of their own (see below). Remember you have to use your information not just state it – otherwise you are only demonstrating research skills. (Trephena)

I’ve read that lack of ‘Evaluation and Analysis’ is a very common cause of failure, so how do I avoid this?

Unfortunately, yes this is probably the most frequent reason why students fail. The ‘clever bit’ of the RAP is the evaluation & analysis section (Part 3) – as it demonstrates what you yourself are capable of in terms of using the data and information sources.

This is an extract from the Information pack that I think is useful in this respect: “In order to produce a successful RAP you have to evaluate and / or analyse information from a range of sources. This means creating some meaning of what you have found, or making a judgement or coming to a conclusion. If you only report the information that you have found or generated, you will not pass the RAP. The ability to evaluate and / or analyse information is a very important graduate attribute and the grade that you are awarded for your RAP will be significantly influenced by ‘how well’ you demonstrate your evaluative and / or analytical skills in your RAP.”  Take a look at my forum posts where I discuss aspects of this a little further:  https://opentuition.com/reply/167195/https://opentuition.com/reply/166934/  (Trephena)

Many students overlook the fact that RAP stands for ‘Research & ANALYSIS Project’ so you need to appreciate BOTH aspects and demonstrate analytical skills. They also forget that someone has to read, follow and mark their work – throwing lots of figures at the marker and reciting the annual report extracts without any meaningful comments is not going to get a pass. Please also see the article by Al Neilson (OBU Senior marker for the BSc degree and Moderator) section (e) p32-35 of the Information Pack as this gives some insight into how to address evaluation correctly.  (OBU marker)

I read something in the Information Pack about Primary and Secondary data, what is this?

Primary data is normally data that you yourself have collected specifically for your research (and may include data from a survey, interviewing key personnel and by observation), whereas secondary data has been collected by someone else but you may use it to help you in your research. There is no requirement to conduct primary research for some topics (see below) although in selecting your topic and organisation and setting your objectives you must consider whether or not you will need some primary information. Primary data in the form of a questionnaire will normally be necessary for Topics 6, 13 & possibly also Topic 12 and Topics 2 and 9 (unfortunately there can be no hard and fast rules on this as it depends on exactly what other information may be available).

Primary data from interviewing and observation may be necessary in some form to do an objective analysis for many other topics. However with Topics 5, 8, 15, 17 and 20, secondary data only will suffice and normally too for Topic 18 (although a questionnaire in the context of marketing objectives can occasionally be relevant depending on what other information is available but most Topic 18 reports do not need one). (Trephena)

If you need to conduct research to obtain primary data then you are recommended to consult section 7 of the Information Pack which discusses Information gathering and in particular, read the extract from an article produced by Phil Clarke (OBU BSc Senior marker and Moderator) on pp 36-38. Many students fail to incorporate the principles of a good design approach in their questionnaires or set out the precise manner in which they have conducted their research. This can lead to failure in both ‘Application’ and ‘Evaluation’ as if the research principles are not adhered to, the reliability of the results may not be valid and allow proper conclusions to be drawn from it.  (OBU marker)

I do not work and therefore do not have access to primary information so which topics do not require any primary data at all, and might be suitable for me?

Topics that only need secondary data (in numerical order) are: 8. An analysis and evaluation of the business and financial performance of an organisation over a three year period

15. An analysis and evaluation of the management of an organisation’s working capital over a three year period and its impact on the organisation’s funding strategies

17. An assessment of the quality of the corporate governance within an organisation and the impact on an organisation’s key stakeholders

18. A review of the marketing strategy of an organisation and its effectiveness

20. An assessment of an organisation’s corporate social responsibility policies, including business ethics, and their impact on business practice and key stakeholders

Topic 5 ‘An evaluation of the use of short term and long term Islamic financial instruments and their impact on the financial statements of an organisation’ may also be suitable if you already have some understanding of the principles underlying Islamic banking. (Trephena)

Can I change the topic title slightly?

No, you need to tailor your RAP to the exact topic title because that is how it will be assessed. For example if it is Topic 18 ‘A review of the marketing strategy of an organisation and its effectiveness’ this is precisely what your research and analysis should be uncovering and evaluating. Producing a RAP that is in effect ‘Comparing company X’s marketing strategy with Company Y’s’ is not what you were asked to do (Trephena)

Exam markers often comment that students answer the question that they wish the examiner had set and not the one that was actually set, and trying to change the title falls into the same type of category and will probably fail  (OBU Marker)

Why do I need a comparator company for some topics?

If you haven’t already done so, first read section (e) pp34-35 of the P29-30 Information Pack where Al Neilson’s, a senior OBU moderator, explains WHY you need to be able to make comparisons to make your evaluation valid. Then read my post to a student on the Forum ‘ Business Analysis/ OBU Topic 8: Competitor for ratio analysis’ April 26, 2014 where I explain the relevance of this in detail If comparator analysis is relevant and compulsory for your topic (e.g. Topic 8) and there is insufficient comparator analysis you will fail on the assessment criteria (‘Evaluation of information , analysis and conclusions’ and possibly also ‘Application of accountancy /business models’). In my experience comparator analysis may often enhance evaluation for Topic 15 so is advised. It seems to complement Topics 17 and 20 too so it is also recommended for those topics, so essentially as a general rule – apart from Topic 18 – where you are using secondary data it should be used, as comparator analysis may strengthen the evaluation. (Trephena)

What is included in the current word count limits?

The current word count has been extended from 6,500 to 7,500 words but now includes everything from the Title page to the end of the Conclusions The Reference list should be maintained as a separate file (required for submission anyway) as this then should make it easy for students to check the total word count for themselves. The SLS word count is 2,000 words and although the answer to Q1 normally warrants more words than the others answers, there should not be a complete imbalance otherwise it may mean that there is insufficient self-reflection elsewhere. (Trephena)

Please note that the word count breakdown between sections is a general guide and you will not be penalised if you allocate your words differently. However you should aim not to exceed the word count of 7,500 as OBU reserves the right to fail on excessive word count  (OBU marker)

I’m worried about plagiarism, how can I avoid it?

The short answer on how to avoid it is to do all of your work yourself! Reference well and try not to ‘copy and paste’ too many items into your work – paraphrase and summarise and if you do make citations, keep them short and use quotation marks as well as a reference. (Trephena)

There are two main types of plagiarism – the first tends to be accidental – the student does not appreciate the importance of referencing and forgets to reference fully or so much of their report is taken word for word from a source that it compromises the standard of their work. The second type of plagiarism is deliberate – a student has copied or colluded and they present work that they know is not their own. As experienced markers we can usually discern the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Plagiarism. With the first type of plagiarism we tend to fail the work on Referencing as it constitutes bad academic practice and poor scholarship, however the marking team and the Academic Conduct Office (ACO) take a dim view of the second type as its purpose is to gain the degree by unfair means. We will always refer work for a second opinion if we suspect cheating. The ACO has no hesitation in informing ACCA of cases of cheating as it is a breach of professional ethics and if a mentor has assisted with the cheating and has colluded, we recommend disciplinary action against the mentor too and have the full support of ACCA on this.  (OBU marker)

I read there are no right or wrong answers for the SLS – so why has my SLS failed?

The SLS is all about you – the Information Pack tells you what is meant by self-reflection (see pages 46-48 of the Period 29 & 30 Pack). “When you plan your project research work you should also plan to collect evidence to contribute to your Skills and Learning Statement, so that some of your self-reflection will ‘fall out’ of the activities undertaken for your Research Report.” I therefore always recommend that students start their SLS in draft at the beginning rather than trying to remember all of the things that happened at the end. You may use and cite the help you derived from our forums as part of your evidence of how you learned correct approaches etc. (Trephena)

In many cases students list out what they did but do not reflect upon why they took a particular course of action. With Q2 we don’t just want to know what went well, we are also interested in the challenges you met in coping with producing the RAP. When you address all 4 questions try to tell us HOW you feel you learned something from doing your work and how this may help you in future. There are no set answers as everything is dependent on the individual student and their experience however if a student does not do sufficient self-reflection like this as they have not fulfilled the assessment criteria, then we have no alternative but to fail them on Self-reflection.  (OBU marker)

How important is it that I include graphs and bar charts in my Report and Presentation?

Very important for a number of reasons. Students often do not appreciate how useful graphs and charts and other graphical depictions are in communicating information effectively (see Top Tops for the RAP at the top of our Forum where Bassanio Broke and I discuss how these can be used to best effect). A picture really does tell a thousand words (well almost!) They are really useful too to save on the word count and break up the text. (Trephena)

It is much easier to see a relationship in the trends and ratios if a student uses graphics such as pie charts, bar charts, diagrams and graphs as they can depict complex situations and relationships far better than a whole paragraph of text. Just about every topic contains some numerical data that can benefit from being presented in this way rather than in written text – and although we have tried to get this message across it still seems to fall on some deaf ears…. There are two relevant assessment criteria that apply here – presentation of the project findings in the report and the PowerPoint Presentation. If a student has not used graphs and charts etc. I am inclined to fail them either on one or both sections as the work usually has not demonstrated effective presentation of the findings. There is nothing more daunting than seeing a RAP that contains hundreds of written figures and knowing there are much better ways the student could have shown this data . (OBU marker)

Why do I need a mentor and how do I find one?

A mentor is required to verify that the work you have done is your own. You are also required to do a PowerPoint presentation to your mentor. For these reasons you MUST have a mentor who is capable of certifying that the work you have submitted is your own. You are recommended to select a mentor who has done the OBU online mentoring course and is on the OBU mentor list (meaning they have successfully completed the course but does not represent a particular recommendation or endorsement from OBU by the way). See the Information Pack for how to find an OBU trained and listed mentor. (Trephena)

The new online mentoring course was successfully launched in February. Although it had been intended to make having a registered mentor mandatory for P30 this has now been pushed back to P31. Although having an OBU listed Mentor is advised for P30 the old rules will still apply in May and therefore you will still be able to use any mentor who meets the requirements – see our information on Mentoring by accessing our homepage  (OBU marker)

What happens if I fail ?

You have 3 attempts to be successful. Unless you change your topic and / or company any sections passed will be carried forward to your next submission. So for example if you pass the SLS and Presentation you will only have to resubmit your RAP report. You will be supplied with a mark-sheet which sets out the elements where you failed to meet the assessment criteria and should also outline any areas where you made errors or omissions. This information should help you to prepare for a successful resubmission. Please see my article on how to use your  Resubmission Statement for a successful resubmission    (Trephena)

My RAP has been failed, so can I appeal?

“You may not appeal against the academic judgment of an examiner. You may request a review of the decision to award a particular grade to your Research and Analysis Project. However disagreement with the academic judgment of an examiner is not grounds for such a review, which would normally only consider whether the assessment has been conducted in accordance with the RAP regulations. Further details of the regulations can be viewed on the Oxford Brookes University website”  OBU Information Pack 2014-2015 OBU has adopted a very robust system of marking. The marking team for the BSc in Applied Accounting RAP is made up of experienced markers most of whom have marked thousands of projects. Every single RAP that is failed is reviewed by a moderator who is a senior marker (with at least 5 years RAP marking experience) who checks all of the assessment criteria. In cases where they consider that the work has been incorrectly assessed, it will be changed and passed to a senior moderator (10+ years RAP experience) for a final decision. Where occasionally a new marker joins the team, their assessment work will be heavily scrutinised by moderators to ensure that they are applying the assessment criteria consistently and fairly. Whilst a student may believe that they have grounds for appeal they are advised to fully familiarise themselves with the appeals process as in view of the rigorous system in place, very few appeals are normally successful.  (OBU marker)

We have tried to answer as many important relevant questions here but many other OBU FAQ Frequently Asked Questions, particularly relating to administrative procedures are included on the OBU website so please look there . Please read the latest Information Pack for any items which we haven’t covered here.

You can also use OpenTuition forum search facility to search there for answers to more specific queries.

Reader Interactions

May 11, 2023 at 2:45 pm

I submited my RAP for period 45 , i paid obu fee and i failed due to plagrasim issue, academic conduct officer have provided me chance to submit if i am eligible, for resubmission i have to choose other topic excluding 4,5 ,8. I would like to ask do i have to pay fee for resubmission or am i eligible to submit through same fee i previously paid to obu ? also any guidelines for me to help me continue me my RAP ?

May 6, 2022 at 4:36 pm

Hi Guys just a quick question regarding Submission p44 for the OBU RAP.

Just wanted to confirm the reference list is uploaded separately? The reason for my concern was Turnitin only requested the Research Report [RR] and the SLS. I would have thought that Turnitin would need the reference list for the plagiarism check? Or was I suppose to put the reference list at the bottom of the RR? I hope I did it correctly…

I’ve emailed Brookes but no response as of yet… and they currently not answering phone calls..

Thank you in Advance

August 31, 2021 at 10:01 am

From the time of submission, how long does it take for the RAP to be marked and results submitted?

August 31, 2021 at 8:11 am

Can I use grammar checking tools in my Research Report?

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OBU RAP Topic 5 – Analyse and evaluate the business and financial performance of a company which has performed exceptionally well over a three-year period with a critical analysis of the reasons for its success’

Business performance or corporate performance refers to the company’s ability to use its resources in the best way possible to manage its business activities. In comparison, financial performance measures the company’s ability to generate profits.

The main factors to be considered in this topic are:

• The exceptional performance must have become obvious within the last three years.
• The reasons for good performance must not entirely relate to COVID-19
• Reasons other than COVID-19 must be researched

The main objective of this topic is to identify and analyze an organization that has shown unusually impressive performance in both the business and financial sectors while also discussing the main reasons for the company’s roaring success for three years in a detailed manner.

Many companies roared to success during covid-19, which is an obvious factor in the performance of the companies in relevant sectors during the previous three years. Only mentioning this reason will not be sufficient. All other reasons must be considered.

Key features/requirements

This topic relates to the study of the performance of the company in business and financial aspects. It is crucial that all requirements must be fully understood before starting your RAP

• Identification of a suitable company with a record of outstanding performance over three years
• Identification of the business and financial aspects of the company
• Evaluating how the business performance improved over three years
• Evaluating how financial performance improved over three years
• Critically analysing the factors that led to the excellent performance
• Creating a link between the factors and the performance of the company

Key success factors

Under the guidance of a mentor, topic 5 can be tackled very successfully. Some points need to be followed to ensure high-quality RAP.

• Selecting a suitable company that has performed very well over three years
• Justifying the choice of organisation and justifying why you consider the performance exceptionally good
• Providing academic justification for the selection of the company performing well
• Indication of COVID-19 as a sole reason for the successful performance will not be sufficient
• Identifying the positive changes in the business performance of the selected company
• Identifying the positive changes in the financial performance of the selected company
• Detailed knowledge of the performance of other companies operating in the same industry
• In-depth knowledge of the factors that resulted in the outstanding performance of the selected company in the past three years
• A critical assessment of the reasons for the great financial performance
• Studying the performance of the relevant companies in the same industry and analysing if they also showed good results
• Demonstrating a clear understanding of the industry sector and its competitive pressures
• Adequate application of the selected goals and objectives that were set at the beginning of the RAP in the proper sections of RAP
• The implementation of the correct research methodology to get good results on all the selected goals and objectives that were put in place at the beginning of the RAP
• Keeping the discussion logical by keeping all the objectives in mind
• Using reliable and appropriate sources for data gathering
• Properly referencing the information gathered according to the Harvard referencing style as told by the OBU.
• Usage of suitable business models to study various aspects of performance and its reasons
• A comparison to another organization or the industry sector average
• Providing appropriate reasons for the impressive performance of the company and not just relying on any one of the reasons like COVID-19

Accounting and business models for topic 5

For the strategic analysis of the external environment, the following models can be used:

• PESTEL : A PESTEL analysis is an acronym for a tool used to identify the macro (external) forces facing an organization. The letters stand for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. It is an extremely popular model used by management for strategic planning and also for risk management
• Porter’s five forces model : It identifies and analyses five competitive forces that make every industry and helps determine an industry’s weak points.

For the strategic analysis of the organization’s position, the following models can be used:

SWOT : The SWOT model can be used to study the before and after 3-year changes in the company’s performance. It is a situational analysis or assessment that helps us to study the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are related to the company under consideration.

Value chain: A value chain is a guide that helps us to transform our ideas and dreams into reality by providing us with 5 steps of a business model, Value chains aid to increase a company’s efficiency so the business can deliver the most value for the least possible cost. Five steps to developing a value chain analysis

• Step 1: recognize all value chain activities.
• Step 2: Assess each value chain activity’s cost.
• Step 3: judge what your customers value the most
• Step 4: assess the value chain of your most competitive peer.
• Step 5: finalize your competitive advantage.

Business Canvas : This model is a strategic management model that helps to design and create new models and also helps in the maintenance of already existing models. This model can be studied to highlight all the key strategic factors involved in the performance of the company. It is a complete review of the company’s workings, profits, revenue streams, customer experience, and much more. This model can give you a complete overview of how it managed to achieve such a remarkable performance.

Financial Analysis (Ratio Analysis): A complete financial analysis of the organization with the help of ratio analysis is important. Ratio analysis is a quantitative measure of a company’s position regarding its profitability, liquidity, gearing, and efficiency. It helps the investors to make informed decisions regarding their investments. Many financial ratios can be used such as GP margin, NP margin, current ratio, quick ratio, gearing ratio, interest cover ratio, EPS, DPS, P/E ratio, etc.

KPIs: Key performance indicators can be used to detect the performance of the company through different measures. These are the critical indicators of a company’s progress toward its objectives. Many relevant KPIs such as revenue, profit, customer satisfaction, and employee satisfaction can be used to judge the performance of the company over the three years.

So which model can be used for the best evaluation of the topic? Well, it depends on the company you chose and the business that the company is involved in.

Major benefits of choosing topic 5

This topic has several benefits that will motivate the students to write a competent RAP

• Students will get to know about the companies showing outstanding performance
• Students will learn about the relevant companies and the industry of the selected company
• Insight will be gained regarding all the success factors of the company
• A detailed study regarding the company’s operational and financial performance will equip the students for their professional careers
• Students can apply their theoretical knowledge to real-world situations.
• A critical analysis of the company’s business and financial performance will help to sharpen the required skills needed by an accountant
• Studying the financial performance of a company and the reasons for it may increase students’ business acumen

Possible limitations faced by the students while researching topic 5

The main aim of conducting research is to set up new facts or confirm the outcomes of the previous research. It enables us to gain new knowledge regarding the subject. However, while preparing for OBU thesis research students face many problems.

Some of the key limitations are as follows:

General Limitations

• Research method : Students need to have a clear understanding of the research methods. The research methods are not relevant or reliable as students are not trained in different methodologies. Simply replicating the knowledge available online or from various sources is not wise. There is a lack of basic knowledge regarding the correct methods of research.
• Interaction between the subject company and student: There isn’t any proper interaction between the subject company and the student. This means that a substantial amount of data going into the thesis goes untapped. The key issues of the company can only be highlighted with the help of internal company management.
• Authorization for research : Students may not be able to get authorization to talk to the higher management and some information may not be provided due to confidentiality issues.
• Limited Time : it is quite common that children start to lose track of time and they are not able to complete their projects in time. Time is also a big limitation in the thesis.

Specific limitations

Some limitations specific to topic 5 can be faced by the students and overcoming them is necessary

• Poor understanding of models: A good analysis can only be done if students have a clear understanding of the models they are using. These models must be understood with the help of a mentor.
• No access to internal management: To fully understand the operations of the company, access to internal management is important so that processes and activities can be fully comprehended. students might not get access to internal information.

Suitable organization for topic 5

The most suitable organization is the one which has shown outstanding performance in the last three years. Selecting a company that is established enough so that its performance and financial position to be studied over some time is necessary. To make a high-quality RAP, it is essential that students choose a company whose operations are easily understood by the student, and he can make connections between several topics.

The following factors should be kept in mind when choosing a company for RAP:

• The general interest of the students in the company
• The amount of information available for the company
• Access to reliable secondary sources of information
• Familiarity with the industry sector associated with the company

Innovation is particularly important for companies to grow and adapt to the challenges of change. Any company that has adapted to innovate in the rapidly changing environment failing can be considered for this research. Many companies prosper due to several factors such as the TESLA company which has been profitable consistently because of its huge technology that is years ahead of its competitors. The IT sector is continually growing with high revenues. More information about these companies can be found here:

https://www.ft.com/content/f8251e5f-10a7-4f7a-9047-b438e4d7f83a

Suggested approach for topic 5

Before starting your research, you should understand the assignment. The guidelines mentioned in the information pack should be read. Words must be kept between 7001-7500. The font size is 11 and the ‘Arial’ font must be used.  The style of citation ‘Harvard referencing’ should be understood by the students. All the other requirements and directions made by the OBU must be complied with. After choosing this topic, a proper mind map must be made from the start, so the student conducts all the required tasks in a proper and timely manner. All the major requirements and aspects of the topic should be considered thoroughly so that a strategy can be devised to meet those requirements. A research methodology and all reliable websites and authentic sources should be noted down. The style of referencing must be kept in mind while researching this topic to pass the OBU RAP.

In Part 1- ( Research objectives and overall research approach) , Students need to make a table of contents and a title page mentioning the ACCA reg number and the selected topic. Part 1 mostly contains the introduction and the objectives of the RAP. The objectives should be consistent with the research of the project. This topic requires the student to fully study the financial statements and look for the figures that led to the success. Your personal aims and goals are not required to be a part of this section. The reasons for selecting the topic must be jotted down. The organisation which is suitable for topic 5 and why that organisation was deemed appropriate for the topic.  The aims and objectives of the project should be explained in several points. Research questions are written in detail, and it targets the specific areas that need to be researched. Usually, there are 3 or 4 research questions. Consideration of all these points is important in part 1. If you follow all these instructions, you can move very strongly ahead.

Part 2- (Information gathering/accounting and business techniques) is a crucial section as all your understanding of the business and accountancy models is analysed here. A quality explanation of the used models or any other frameworks and analysis of all their limitations must be performed. The most structured way of representing section 2 is by first mentioning the sources of information that were used to acquire the data for research on topic 5. Topic 5 relates to financial and business performance so publicly available information can be used such as the annual reports of the company and other articles that provide evidence for the reasons for its success. Students are advised to select only those resources that they can understand easily.  Briefly describe all the sources used and why they were considered useful sources. A discussion of the limitations of your information gathering must be included. Students should find references to mention limitations instead of writing from their own opinion. Any ethical issues that arose during information gathering and your solutions regarding the issues. Every part should be backed up by good references. Next, you would list all the business and accountancy models and their limitations. SWOT model and PESTEL are the most appropriate for this topic. To find out more about the selection of respective models for topic 5, kindly refer to section ‘Accounting and business models for topic 5’ above.  Word count is to be prioritized which is 1800-2000 words.

In part 3 , there is a further evaluation, analysis, and conclusion . It should contain a description of the results obtained and all the limitations. Further research with examples and comparisons between the two companies is done. Evaluation and analysis of topic 5 means you need to explain the financial performance with the help of ratios and compare those ratios over the three-year time period. Analysis and evaluation are done by using ratios and not absolute numbers. Students should analyse trends over time like how much the profit has increased. The working capital cycle changes, customer satisfaction rate, and revenue streams should be presented with the help of graphs. Merely writing the figures or absolute numbers will not be sufficient.  Ratios like liquidity, gearing, P/E ratio, profitability, and EPS movement help to critically analyse the changes taking place in the selected company. The reasons for growth should be considered. Was it because of the greater market dominance, greater buying and bargaining power, lower costs, or an increase in sales? Using relevant KPIs is a way to check how the company is performing and what targets have been met. Conclusions must be made based on your research work. Recommendations to the selected company may be made but it is not very necessary. It is of utmost importance that the word count must be kept in mind. If you exceed it in any way, then the examiner will not mark the conclusions resulting in failure.  4500 words must be written to ensure a detailed analysis.

Every student takes his approach regarding the given topic, and this is only an extremely broad version of what can be done. The detailed approach depends on the student’s perception of the topic and the sources of information being used. Whatever approach is taken, the guidance of the project mentor is needed every step of the way to pass RAP with good grades.

Suggested approach for SLS

The meetings with the mentor must be planned at the start of the RAP and a track of those meetings must be kept in a diary as it will help later to write the SLS. In your SLS. You should not describe the events and focus on the self-development and learning process. You should explain the purpose of self-reflection as well. There may be many new business and financial models that you learned while researching topic 5. There are 2 questions that need to be answered. Both the questions should be answered well. It must reflect your ability to make judgements, and all the actions that you took during the process. A timetable should be made at the start and make sure you follow it.  SLS word count should be limited to two thousand words.

Sources of information

There are two types of sources that can be used, primary and secondary.

Primary sources are the data that you collect on your own and it is considered first-hand. This can be done by conducting interviews, surveys or having participants fill in questionnaires. In this topic, students are not required to gather information directly from the management.

Secondary information on the other hand refers to already available and published information. Using it to your own advantage by checking the authenticity of these sources can be beneficial for RAP.  All other sources of information such as online websites, journals, and articles are considered secondary sources of information. The students can look for statistical reports, environmental reports, and any other reports available online to judge the performance of the company.

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