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School Bullies: Unmasking The Causes, Effects, and Solutions

• Categories: Bullying Youth Violence

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Words: 706 |

Published: Sep 7, 2023

Words: 706 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Table of contents

The causes of school bullying, the effects of school bullying, addressing school bullying: potential solutions, the role of cyberbullying, conclusion: a collective responsibility.

• Family Environment: Some bullies come from dysfunctional or abusive households, where they may witness aggressive behavior or experience neglect, leading to a lack of empathy and poor coping mechanisms.
• Peer Influence: Bullying can be perpetuated by peer groups or friends who encourage or reinforce aggressive behavior, creating a culture of harassment within school settings.
• Low Self-Esteem: Some bullies engage in aggressive behavior as a means of boosting their self-esteem or compensating for feelings of insecurity or inadequacy.
• Power Imbalance: Bullying often occurs in situations where there is a perceived power imbalance, such as differences in physical strength, popularity, or social status.
• Media and Technology: Exposure to violent media, cyberbullying through online platforms, and social media can contribute to the normalization of aggressive behavior among young people.
• Psychological Impact: Victims of bullying often experience anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and an increased risk of developing mental health issues that can persist into adulthood.
• Academic Consequences: Bullying can disrupt a student's ability to concentrate, leading to a decline in academic performance and a reduced enthusiasm for learning.
• Physical Health: Bullying can lead to physical health problems, such as headaches, stomachaches, and sleep disturbances, due to the stress and anxiety it induces.
• Social Isolation: Victims of bullying may withdraw from social activities, resulting in feelings of isolation and a diminished sense of belonging.
• Long-Term Effects: The effects of bullying can persist into adulthood, impacting relationships, career prospects, and overall quality of life.
• Educational Programs: Schools can implement anti-bullying programs that promote empathy, conflict resolution skills, and respect for diversity, fostering a culture of inclusivity.
• Teacher Training: Educators should receive training on recognizing and addressing bullying behavior, creating safe and supportive classroom environments.
• Parental Involvement: Parents can play a crucial role by monitoring their children's online activities, fostering open communication, and actively addressing any signs of bullying.
• Peer Support: Encouraging students to act as allies and report instances of bullying can help create a supportive network within schools.
• Legal Frameworks: Policymakers can enact and enforce anti-bullying legislation, ensuring that schools take appropriate measures to prevent and respond to bullying incidents.
• Mental Health Support: Schools should offer access to counseling services for both victims and perpetrators of bullying to address underlying emotional and psychological issues.
• Digital Literacy Education: Schools should educate students about responsible online behavior, digital etiquette, and the consequences of cyberbullying.
• Reporting Mechanisms: Establish clear channels for reporting cyberbullying incidents and ensure swift and appropriate responses.
• Parental Involvement: Parents should actively engage with their children's online activities, promote responsible internet use, and be vigilant about signs of cyberbullying.
• Platform Responsibility: Social media platforms should enforce anti-cyberbullying policies, respond to user reports, and take steps to prevent online harassment.

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The Broad Impact of School Bullying, and What Must Be Done

Major interventions are required to make schools safe learning environments..

Posted May 2, 2021 | Reviewed by Hara Estroff Marano

• How to Handle Bullying
• Find a therapist to support kids or teens
• At least one in five kids is bullied, and a significant percentage are bullies. Both are negatively affected, as are bystanders.
• Bullying is an epidemic that is not showing signs of improvement.
• Evidence-based bullying prevention programs can be effective, but school adoption is inconsistent.

According to the U.S. federal government website StopBullying.gov :

There is no federal law that specifically applies to bullying . In some cases, when bullying is based on race or ethnicity , color, national origin, sex, disability, or religion, bullying overlaps with harassment and schools are legally obligated to address it.

The National Bullying Prevention Center reports data suggesting that one in five children have been bullied. There are many risk factors for being targeted, including being seen as weak, being different from peers including being LGBT or having learning differences or visible disabilities, being depressed or anxious, and having few friends. It's hard to measure how many engage in bullying, but estimates range from one in twenty, to much higher .

The American Association of University Women reports that in grades 7-12, 48 percent of students (56 percent of girls and 40 percent of boys) are sexually harassed. In college, rates of sexual harassment rise to 66 percent. Eleven percent are raped or sexually assaulted.

Silence facilitates traumatization

Only 20 percent of attacked young women report sexual assault . And 89 percent of undergraduate schools report zero sexual harassment. This means that children, adolescents, young adults and their friends are at high risk for being victimized. It means that many kids know what is happening, and don't do anything.

This may be from fear of retaliation and socialization into a trauma-permissive culture, and it may be from lack of proper education and training. Institutional betrayal , when organizations fail to uphold their promises and responsibilities, adds to the problem.

In some states such as New York, laws like “ the Dignity for All Students Act ” (DASA) apply only to public schools. Private, religious, and denominational schools are not included, leaving 20 percent of students in NYC and 10 percent throughout the state unprotected. Research shows that over the last decade, bullying in U.S. high schools has held steady around 20 percent, and 15 percent for cyberbullying.

The impact of bullying

While there is much research on how bullying affects mental health, social function, and academics, the results are scattered across dozens of papers. A recent paper in the Journal of School Violence (Halliday et al., 2021) presents a needed systematic literature review on bullying’s impact in children aged 10-18.

1. Psychological: Being a victim of bullying was associated with increased depression , anxiety , and psychosis . Victims of bullying reported more suicidal thinking and engaged in greater self-harming behaviors. They were more likely to experience social anxiety , body-image issues, and negative conduct. Simultaneous cyberbullying and conventional bullying were associated with more severe depression.

2. Social: Bullying victims reported greater problems in relationships with family, friends and in day-to-day social interactions. They reported they enjoyed time with family and friends less, felt they were being treated unfairly more easily, and liked less where they lived. Victimized children were less popular and likeable, and experienced more social rejection. They tended to be friends with other victims, potentially heightening problems while also providing social support.

3. Academic achievement: Victimized kids on average had lower grades. Over time, they did worse especially in math. They tended to be more proficient readers, perhaps as a result of turning to books for comfort in isolation (something people with a history of being bullied commonly report in therapy ).

4. School attitudes: Bullied children and adolescents were less engaged in education, had poorer attendance, felt less belonging, and felt more negatively about school.

5. What happens with age? Researchers studied adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying, looking at both victims and bullies, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Psychiatry (Copeland et al., 2013). After controlling for other childhood hardships, researchers found that young adults experience increased rates of agoraphobia (fear of leaving the house), generalized anxiety, panic disorder, and increased depression risk. Men had higher suicide risk.

The impact of bullying does not stop in early adulthood. Research in the Journals of Gerontology (Hu, 2021) found that people over the age of 60 who were bullied as children had more severe depression and had lower life satisfaction.

6. Bullying and the brain: Work reported in Frontiers in Psychiatry (Muetzel et al., 2019) found that victims of bullying had thickening of the fusiform gyrus, an area of the cerebral cortex involved with facial recognition, and sensing emotions from facial expressions. 1 For those with posttraumatic stress disorder, brain changes may be extensive.

7. Bystanders are affected: Research also shows that bystanders have higher rates of anxiety and depression (Midgett et al., 2019). The problem is magnified for bystanders who are also victims. It is likely that taking appropriate action is protective.

Given that victims of bullying are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ; Idsoe et al., 2012), it’s important to understand that many of the reported psychiatric findings may be better explained by PTSD than as a handful of overlapping but separate diagnoses. Trauma often goes unrecognized.

What can be done?

The psychosocial and academic costs of unmitigated bullying are astronomical, to say nothing of the considerable economic cost. Change is needed, but resistance to change, as with racism, gender bias, and other forms of discrimination , is built into how we see things.

Legislation: There is no federal antibullying legislation, and state laws may be weak and inconsistently applied. Given that bullying rates are no longer falling, it’s important for lawmakers and advocates to seek immediate changes.

Bullying prevention: Schools can adopt antibullying programs, though they are not universally effective and sometimes may backfire. Overall, however, research in JAMA Pediatrics (Fraguas et al., 2021) shows that antibullying programs reduce bullying, improve mental health outcomes, and stay effective over time. 2

Trauma-informed education creates an environment in which all participants are aware of the impact of childhood trauma and the need for specific modifications given how trauma is common among children and how it affects development.

According to the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN):

"The primary mission of schools is to support students in educational achievement. To reach this goal, children must feel safe, supported, and ready to learn. Children exposed to violence and trauma may not feel safe or ready to learn. Not only are individual children affected by traumatic experiences, but other students, the adults on campus, and the school community can be impacted by interacting or working with a child who has experienced trauma. Thus, as schools maintain their critical focus on education and achievement, they must also acknowledge that mental health and wellness are innately connected to students’ success in the classroom and to a thriving school environment."

Parenting makes a difference. Certain parenting styles may set kids up for emotional abuse in relationships , while others may be protective. A 2019 study reported in Frontiers in Public Health (Plexousakis et al.) found that children with anxious, overprotective mothers were more likely to be victims.

Those with cold or detached mothers were more likely to become bullies. Overprotective fathering was associated with worse PTSD symptoms, likely by getting in the way of socialization. The children of overprotective fathers were also more likely to be aggressive.

Quality parental bonding, however, appeared to help protect children from PTSD symptoms. A healthy home environment is essential both for helping victims of bullying and preventing bullying in at-risk children.

Parents who recognize the need to learn more positive approaches can help buffer again the all-too-common cycle of passing trauma from generation to generation, building resilience and nurturing secure attachment to enjoy better family experiences and equip children to thrive.

State-by-state legislation

Bullying prevention programs (the KiVA program is also notable)

Measuring Bullying Victimization, Perpetration and Bystander Experiences , Centers for Disease Control

Trauma-informed teaching

US Government Stop Bullying

1. Such differences could both result from being bullied (e.g. needing to scan faces for threat) and could also make being bullied more likely (e.g. misreading social cues leading to increased risk of being targeted).

2. Such programs focus on reducing negative messaging in order to keep stakeholders engaged, monitor and respond quickly to bullying, involve students in bullying prevention and detection in positive ways (e.g. being an “upstander” instead of a bystander), monitor more closely for bullying when the risk is higher (e.g. after anti-bullying trainings), respond fairly with the understanding that bullies often have problems of their own and need help, involved parents and teachers in anti-bullying education, and devote specific resources for anti-bullying.

Sarah Halliday, Tess Gregory, Amanda Taylor, Christianna Digenis & Deborah Turnbull (2021): The Impact of Bullying Victimization in Early Adolescence on Subsequent Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes across the Adolescent Period: A Systematic Review, Journal of School Violence, DOI: 10.1080/15388220.2021.1913598

Copeland WE, Wolke D, Angold A, Costello EJ. Adult Psychiatric Outcomes of Bullying and Being Bullied by Peers in Childhood and Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(4):419–426. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504

Bo Hu, PhD, Is Bullying Victimization in Childhood Associated With Mental Health in Old Age, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Volume 76, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz115

Muetzel RL, Mulder RH, Lamballais S, Cortes Hidalgo AP, Jansen P, Güroğlu B, Vernooiji MW, Hillegers M, White T, El Marroun H and Tiemeier H (2019) Frequent Bullying Involvement and Brain Morphology in Children. Front. Psychiatry 10:696. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00696

Midgett, A., Doumas, D.M. Witnessing Bullying at School: The Association Between Being a Bystander and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms. School Mental Health 11, 454–463 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-019-09312-6

Idsoe, T., Dyregrov, A. & Idsoe, E.C. Bullying and PTSD Symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40, 901–911 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9620-0

Fraguas D, Díaz-Caneja CM, Ayora M, Durán-Cutilla M, Abregú-Crespo R, Ezquiaga-Bravo I, Martín-Babarro J, Arango C. Assessment of School Anti-Bullying Interventions: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Jan 1;175(1):44-55. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3541. PMID: 33136156; PMCID: PMC7607493.

Plexousakis SS, Kourkoutas E, Giovazolias T, Chatira K and Nikolopoulos D (2019) School Bullying and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: The Role of Parental Bonding. Front. Public Health 7:75. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00075

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Persuasive Essay Writing

Persuasive Essay About Bullying

Learn How To Craft a Powerful Persuasive Essay About Bullying

Published on: Jan 24, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 29, 2024

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Are you looking for ways to craft a powerful persuasive essay about bullying? Writing an effective and engaging persuasive essay is no easy task.

However, with some preparation and planning, it can be a piece of cake! 

From outlining strong arguments to providing examples, we will explain all details of composing a perfect persuasive essay about bullying.

So without further ado, let’s get started!

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Writing a Perfect Persuasive Essay About Bullying 

Bullying is a major issue that affects many children, teens, and adults in schools, workplaces, and other environments. 

Writing a persuasive essay about bullying can effectively raise awareness of the problem and find solutions.

Here are a few components of a persuasive essay that you should include:

• An Introduction 

Start your essay with an interesting introduction that explains the concept of bullying and its effects on those involved.

Provide evidence to support your argument using facts, statistics, and personal accounts to support your claims. 

Offer potential solutions to the problem of bullying. Focus on proposing effective solutions that can be implemented in schools and other environments where bullying is a common issue.

• Call to Action

Conclude your essay with a call to action for both victims and bystanders of bullying. Encourage them to stop it or report it when they witness it happening.

Here Is How You Can Write a Persuasive Essay About Bullying Introduction 

Writing an introduction to a persuasive essay about bullying can be challenging.

To start, it's important to understand the purpose of the introduction. It is to provide a brief overview of the topic and introduce your thesis statement. 

• Begin by providing a general overview of the topic of bullying.
• Introduce the main point of your essay: your thesis statement. 
• Create a hook for your introduction to draw readers into your topic and compel them to read further. 
• State why this issue is important and relevant, providing evidence from authoritative sources to support your claims. 
• Conclude your introduction with a summary of the main points you will make in the essay. 

How To Write Body Paragraphs In a Persuasive Essay About Bullying

Body paragraphs in a persuasive essay about bullying should focus on providing evidence to support the thesis statement. 

This can be done through various research methods such as interviews, surveys, and personal experiences. 

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Here are five ways to effectively write body paragraphs for a persuasive essay about bullying:

1. Utilize vivid tone and descriptive imagery

2. Present evidence - Provide facts, figures, and other evidence to support your argument. 

3. Discuss consequences: Explain how bullying hurts individuals, communities, and society. 

4. Make a call to action: Ask the reader to participate in anti-bullying initiatives or speak up when they witness bullying.

5. Offer solutions: Suggest ways to prevent bullying, such as implementing more school-wide programs or teaching students.

How To Write The Conclusion In a Persuasive Essay About Bullying

The conclusion of a persuasive essay about bullying should summarize the key arguments. 

It should provide a call to action for readers to take further steps in preventing or stopping bullying.

Check out this amazing video!

Lastly, it is important to end on a positive note, reassuring readers that progress is possible.

Learn more about making perfect persuasive essay outlines in this amazing blog!

Examples of Persuasive Essay About Bullying

We have shared some practical examples of persuasive essays on bullying so that you can get inspired and start crafting your paper. 

Persuasive essay about bullying must stop

Short Example of Persuasive essay about bullying

Persuasive essay about bullying in school

Cyber Bullying Persuasive Essay

Bullying Persuasive Speech

Examples of Argumentative Essay About Bullying

These essay samples can give you a helpful look at how other students have approached this complex topic before. 

Argumentative Essay About Bullying Introduction, Body, Conclusion

Argumentative essay about bullying pdf

Check out this amazing blog by our expert writers on persuasive essay examples !

Interesting Persuasive Essay Topics About Bullying

Have a look at these inspiring topics. You might get motivation for your next persuasive essay. 

• Should Schools Implement Mandatory Training Programmes to Address Bullying?
• What Role Do Parents and Guardians Play in Preventing Bullying? 
• Is Online Harassment on the Rise and How Can We Stop it?
• How Effective Are Anti-Bullying Policies at Schools?
• Should Employers be Responsible for Preventing Bullying in the Workplace? 
• How Can We Make Schools a Safer Place to Help Students Avoid Bullying?
• Is Social Media Making Bullying Worse? 
• Are Laws and Regulations Regarding Cyberbullying Effective Enough?
• Should Teachers Be Held Accountable for Bullying in the Classroom?
• What Are Some of the Long-Term Effects of Bullying on Victims? 
• How Can We Encourage Bystanders to Speak Out Against Bullying? 
• Is Cyberbullying More Difficult for Parents and Schools to Stop Than Traditional Bullying? 
• Should Government Intervention be Required to Address the Bullying Crisis in Schools?
• How Can We Help Victims of Bullying Heal and Recover? 
• What Are Some Effective Ways to Prevent Bullying From Occurring?

Check out some more persuasive essay topics to get inspiration for your next essay.

In conclusion, consider all aspects of the issue when writing a persuasive essay on bullying. You should provide evidence to support your point of view and address any potential counterarguments. 

If you're struggling to write a persuasive essay on bullying, CollegeEssay.org's persuasive essay writing service is here for you.

Our experienced essay writer can help you create a well-researched, persuasive, and compelling essay.

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Keeping bullying and violence out of schools.

School should be a safe place for children, where neither parents nor children should have to worry about violence or emotional harm. Unfortunately, that's not always the case in today's world. Violence exists in schools, and it can make both children and parents fearful.

Violence can range from bullying to fighting to the use of weapons on or near school property. Violence can occur during school hours or at after-hours activities like dances or sporting events. But schools, parents, and children can take certain steps to work together and keep kids safe at school.

Talking to your children about safety

Protecting your children starts with communication. Talk with them early and often to open the lines of communication. This will make it natural for them to talk to you if they are worried about their safety.

Parents should talk to their children about:

Kids’ experiences at school. Talk about whether they're happy and feel safe, what the other students are like, if something is concerning them, or if they're being bullied.

Right ways to handle anger. Fighting, aggression, and violence aren't the answer to anger in any situation. Teach your kids to work on remaining calm and patient, talking out problems instead of fighting, and seeking an adult's help when needed.

Communicating about problems at school. Make sure your kids know to talk to you or a trusted teacher or administrator about someone who has behaved violently or made threats.

What you need to know about bullying

Bullying is a form of violence in which a child threatens, harasses, picks on, or embarrasses another child. Bullying can take place in person at school or through the Internet. This is known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can mean sending harassing emails, instant messages, or text messages or posting harassing or belittling information on social media sites.

Here’s how you can help protect your kids:

Talk honestly about bullying. Help them understand what it means, what can happen as a result of bullying, and the signs of bullying in various forms.

Promote self-confidence in children. Get children involved in activities they enjoy and that make them feel good about themselves. This can help them feel confident at school and with friends.

Teach that bullying is never allowed. Make sure your children understand that it's never OK to bully or be bullied, and that it's important to speak to a parent or teacher if they witness any bullying.

Working with schools

Administrators and teachers should be working to ensure that school is safe for your children and taking measures to reduce the risk for violence. If you're concerned about violence in your children's school, speak with school officials to see what they have done to keep kids safe.

Schools should have safety precautions and practices in place, including:

Close supervision of students by faculty members

On-site security

Telephones in each classroom

Identification badges for students and visitors

Counseling for students who want it

Restrictions on students' trips off-campus during school hours

Restrictions on clothing to reduce the likelihood of weapons being hidden under coats or shirts

Detailed reports on violent incidents

A no-tolerance policy on drugs, alcohol, weapons, bullying, and violence

Look for signs of possible violence in your children's lives, as well as signs that your children may be exposed to violence at school. Be an informed, aware parent to better protect your children in every way you can.

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Why Bullies Should Be Expelled from School?

Introduction, not expelling approaches, reasons for treatment, cyber bullying, physical harm, silence of the victims.

School is one of the most important social institutions that have an educational and educative function. Safety is a critical element of a school that requires constant monitoring and development. Bullying encroaches on school safety, so now the question of what to do with bullies is quite relevant. The answer is quite apparent if a child is sick, he needs a psychologist, complex treatment, and special attention. If the bullying is caused by reasons other than diseases and deviations, it is necessary to find a rational solution. There are two opposing views, which argue that bullies should be automatically kicked out of school after the first incident, or this problem requires a different solution.

The second approach will be discussed first. Intervention is one of the most commonly used methods of fighting and preventing bullying. It is possible to interfere in bullying at different structural levels of the school and with different strategies. Most often, the teacher performs this function as the person closest to the students in the structure of the school. Predictors of success also included intervention strategy (authoritarian-punitive, supportive-individual, supportive-cooperative intervention), a form of intimidation (physical, verbal, relative, cybernetic), and the intimidating role of the student (bully, victim, bystander) in a particular situation (Wachs et al., 2019). The teacher could engage with the victim to support and prevent depression and anxiety or with the bully for educational conversation. At other structural levels of the school, the headmaster or psychologist may take on the problem. Often, at this stage, the involvement of parents is required for a general search for the reasons for such a child’s behavior.

Supporters of the second approach argue that excluding bullies from school does not allow them to learn the correct behavior. The causes of bullying almost always lie not in the conditions of a particular case but the child himself. A change in the team during adolescence only adds more stress, and a change in environment does not guarantee an end to bullying. In addition, if you look at the other side of the problem, then it is pretty likely that in conditions where bullying has already manifested itself, a new one may arise. Therefore, prevention is needed by teaching communication skills and fostering respect for each other. Moreover, schools need to devote forces and resources to research the causes and sources of bullying and fight not with the consequence but with the cause of the problem.

While anti-intimidation policies are widespread, little is known about their effectiveness. Anti-bullying policies can effectively reduce bullying if their content is based on evidence and sound theory and if they are implemented with a high degree of confidence (Hall, 2017). In other cases, they resort to a policy of exclusion. Some people find this approach harsh, strict, and very rude. However, the same effect is caused by bullying, leading the victim to disorders that negatively affect health. One of the options for this approach is to relocate bullies to Renaissance School. In addition to basic subjects, they are taught practical, tolerant, and respectful communication skills. After such training, they are given a chance to return to their old school. The harshness of measures at the initial stage of bullying is compensated by a different attitude towards the problem student.

However, not every bullying can be noticed and taken action. Cyberbullying is widespread nowadays. Bullies can influence victims by staying anonymous. Mood changes and increased anxiety of victims can also remain outside the school’s educational process and presence. However, even excluding anonymity, this problem leads to more dire consequences for both students and the school as a whole. Children become different personalities in real life and online, leading to mental disorders for both the victims and the bullies themselves. The development of technology contributes to the dynamics of the development of bullying and requires an equally fast pace of finding solutions to such problems.

Moreover, bullies can cause physical harm, which puts children in danger at school. It is an unacceptable case because children see examples of violence that are being fought far outside of school worldwide. In addition, the bully is often a bright personality, so his activities quickly find attention and publicity at school. Physical harm has different degrees of severity and is regulated by criminal law, which absolutely should not occur in school activities.

Another problem with the consequences of bullying is the silence of the victims. Children suffering from bullying do not report them for fear of the bully’s revenge. They don’t even say the issue to their parents, let alone teachers or school leaders; as long as there is no guarantee that the bully will be kicked out of school, fear of retaliation takes precedence over the opportunity to share his problem. Unfortunately, sometimes long silence of victims turns into suicide. Regardless of the anti-bullying policy chosen by the school, it is constantly necessary to research the subject of this problem. Such activities are essential to avoid accidents, the development of fear and depression in children, and the deterioration of academic performance and the educational process in general.

However, it is worth noting that there will be little intraclass research since the reasons that shape the behavior of a bully or a victim are much more profound. Each problem is an individual case, where the bully had his or her motives, and the victim had his or her concerns. For some bullies, expulsion from school will not have the desired impact, while a straightforward punishment will be enough for others. Some victims need experience dealing with a bully to develop their defensive capabilities. Nevertheless, despite the two polarly different approaches to working with bullies, everyone agrees that the bully should be punished in any way. It is to prevent the bully from developing a sense of impunity and freedom for his negative actions.

Finally, considering the humanity of the school bully exclusion approach, it is worth noting that even school exclusion is a second chance for bullies. It is not life imprisonment, but only a change of scenery, where more attention will be paid to students’ communication skills, a sense of respect, and many other norms of behavior. If the problem of bullying takes on a national character, then the experience of correctional schools can be applied to all general education schools. The importance and effectiveness of preventive measures will not be as controversial as dropping out of school. Consequently, bullying is an urgent problem and requires immediate solutions with a mandatory individual assessment of each specific case, as deep as possible analysis of the situation and establishing a dialogue with the bully and the victim. Moreover, do not forget that every bully at school is still a child with his own problems, who has not yet taken shape as a person, and too rough measures can affect his psyche much worse than the result of his bullying. Each case must be considered separately, and always with the involvement of expert school psychologists, teachers, the victim, the bully and their parents.

Hall, W. (2017). The effectiveness of policy interventions for school bullying: A systematic review. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 8 (1), 45-69.

Wachs, S., Bilz, L., Niproschke, S., & Schubarth, W. (2019). Bullying intervention in schools: A multilevel analysis of teachers’ success in handling bullying from the students’ perspective. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39 (5), 642-668.

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Bullying and Its Effects

Bullying is a persistent and intentional attempt to hurt and humiliate someone. It can be expressed in various forms such as teasing, dissemination of rumors, and physical abuse. Bullying often occurs in front of other individuals. Justification and rationalization for insulting and abusive behavior towards people include differences in human demeanor, experience, personality, origin, gender, body language, sexuality, reputation, race, appearance, strength, class, and religion.

Bullying causes pain, sorrow, and anxiety in schoolchildren and teenagers and influences their ability to enjoy various group activities. Offensive and violent behavior is accompanied by the threats of further abuse in case victims inform others about it. Similarly, schoolchildren and adolescents should know how to deal with various forms of abuse, so it is essential to teach them how to cope with bullying and report it when it takes place.

The Nature and Consequences of Bullying

Bullying is the use of force, coercion, and threats to startle, maltreat, and impose domination over other individuals in an aggressive manner. Abusive behavior has become commonplace, and it frequently occurs in modern society. It reflects the domination and imbalance of the social and physical power of bullies and their victims. Harassment, coercion, violence, and verbal threats are repeatedly directed towards the main target. Bullying usually results in loss of interest, decreased self-esteem, loneliness, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and clinical depression. Callahan (2011) mentions that being a bullying victim not only negatively affects a person’s life but also influences his/her health condition, sometimes leading to irreversible consequences such as headache, panic attacks, high blood pressure, loss of appetite and insomnia. Moreover, a bullying victim experiences debilitating anxiety, loss of confidence, and physical pain. It is distressing to witness humiliating behavior and harassment. Teenagers and schoolchildren believe that their excessive sensitivity to bullying behavior can eventually lead to low self-esteem.

Types of Bullying

There are numerous types of bullying, namely physical, verbal, covert, and cyberbullying. According to McGrath (2007), physical bullying includes pushing, pinching, kicking, and hitting potential victims while verbal is based on verbal abuses, teasing, insult, homophobic remarks, and intimidation. It is quite difficult to recognize covert bullying since it is usually carried out behind the back of the bullied person, causing humiliation and harming his/her social reputation. Covert bullying encompasses spreading untrue rumors, lying, demonstrating unacceptable physical and facial gestures, and menacing looks. It also includes unkind mimicking, obscene embarrassing jokes, encouraging other individuals to exclude a victim, thus, influencing social rejection.

Cyberbullying includes covert or overt offensive behavior using various digital technologies, smartphones, computers, social media, and websites. It can take place in public or in a private setting at any time. Only a bully and his/her potential victim are aware of the place and time. Cyberbullying includes abusive videos, images, nasty gossips, hurtful posts and emails, deliberate exclusion or imitation of other people online. Additionally, emotional bullying is well known as relational aggression that brings distress (McGrath, 2007). Aggressors attack their victims because of their emotions. Emotional bullying is common in relationships between schoolchildren, teenagers, and adults. Emotional bullying involves the dissemination of rumors, excluding individuals from particular activities, refusing to talk to somebody and making unexpected and unpleasant statements that may hurt one’s feelings.

Violence at Schools

Many experts, specialists, teachers, parents, and tutors describe schools as the safest place, where children can get knowledge and make friends with their peers. However, according to Maliki, Asagwara, and Ibu (2009), recent violent and abusive cases at schools have contributed to the perception that educational establishments cannot be considered safe anymore. Violence and unacceptable behavior at school significantly affect youth, their adaptation, socialization, and academic performance. When considering the impact of this issue on adjustment and mental health, it is important to remember that violence is a chronic bullying of adolescents and a serious assault that can lead to a homicide. Schoolchildren can be strongly affected if somebody threatens them, or if they are involved in or witness a physical fight resulting in injuries.

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Bullying experience can cause anxiety and fear in youth, affecting their perception of security and the ability to learn and acquire knowledge. In this instance, the very essence of what it means to go to the educational establishment is broken. School bullying is probably the most common type of abusive behavior. In the real world, it is verbal, emotional, and physical. In many cases, aggressors have several targets to bully, and they are physically bigger in comparison to their victims. Students and children, who witness violent, offensive and unacceptable behavior can avoid interference or taunt the victims, in order to avoid becoming the next target of the instigators (Maliki, Asagwara, & Ibu, 2009).

Anti-Bullying Legislation

Numerous organizations have been established, and comprehensive legislation has been passed to protect individuals, including schoolchildren from different types of bullying. Generally, one should inform the authorities, tutors, families, friends, and teachers if he/she finds himself/herself in an abusive and violent situation. Timely notification will help to prevent repeat incidents in the future. Bullying among children at schools is quite an old phenomenon that continues to exist today. No one can be safe from it. Numerous literary works, studies, and researches have been dedicated to the issue of bullying, underscoring the fact that schoolchildren are frequently attacked and harassed by their peers.

Many adults have personally experienced it during their own school years. Human awareness of bullying and offensive behavior has recently increased. Dhar (2013) describes bullying as a multifaceted form of maltreatment that takes place in various social environments throughout the world. Intimidation as a subtle method of compulsion underlies bullying. The culture of bullying develops in any scope, in which human beings interact with each other including teachers, peers, neighbors, and family.

Because of the rising concerns and controversies, many U.S. states have passed anti-bullying laws that prohibit bullying behavior at schools and workplaces. Historically, violent and insulting behavior among youth and schoolchildren in the educational establishments has not been the topic of discussion that causes significant public interest. The majority of adults regard the experience of being bullied as a rite during the teenage years.

However, in the last years, attention to bullying among children at schools has drastically increased among mentors, society, communities, and policymakers. Recent researches have demonstrated that nearly 30 percent of the U.S. schoolchildren are directly involved in violent behavior within the semester (“Children who bully,” n. d.). The dramatic shootings that took place at several educational establishments in the late 1990s and numerous reports that youth feels threatened because of their peers’ bullying and aggression motivated the officials to develop necessary comprehensive laws that will properly address unacceptable behaviors among adolescents.

The Subjects of Bullying

Bullying affects individuals of all races, orientations, and ages in different ways. It highly influences people who bully, persons who are bullied, and human beings who witness aggressive behavior. Since offensive conduct has negative consequences including mental health issues, suicidal thoughts, or attempts to commit suicide, use of narcotic and psychoactive substances, and alcohol abuse, it is vital to talk to youth and determine whether offensive behavior such as bullying causes significant concerns. Schoolchildren can be outgoing and aggressive bullies, who manipulate those around them in a subtle and deceptive manner (Maliki, Asagwara, & Ibu, 2009).

For example, girls and boys anonymously spread nasty rumors in order to see what happens next. The majority of perpetrators have common features. They have no empathy towards people around and a sense of caring for others. These individuals are usually focused on themselves. Every bully likes to dominate, despite possessing poor skills and social judgment. Nowadays, most of them act in such a way because they were bullied in the past, or have a bullying family member. In reality, every juvenile perpetrator has various personality disorders, which function as an obstacle to recognizing feelings and emotions inherent to all human beings such as empathy, guilt, repentance, and compassion. Undoubtedly, bullies need professional help from social workers, psychologists, and mental health specialists.

When bullying is considered commonplace in schools, the whole environment is affected. Moreover, the schoolchildren experience side effects the most. In the course of time, they become disrespectful and insecure, and they are afraid to go to school. It can lead to serious problems in their behavior. It becomes difficult for every student to take advantage of education, and build a significant knowledge base. Schoolchildren believe that nobody will help them to resolve the bullying issue (McGrath, 2007). Many individuals, who have been bullied in the educational institutions, prefer not to go to colleges because of the fear that misconduct will continue. Throughout adulthood, they may also experience bullying at work, in a relationship or family.

The school environment continues to exert pressure on adolescents, encouraging them to keep calm and quiet, when they witness injustice and prejudice, in order to maintain a close friendship with their peers. Teens often feel isolated, when they publicly stand up for each other in the case of aggression and bullying behavior. Therefore, they try to ignore the situation and not to interfere. It is not easy for adolescents, who are bullied, to make friends since their peers will perceive and treat them negatively if the classmates frequently tease them.

Effects of Bullying

Young people, who are bullied, are more likely to experience loss of interest in various activities, change of sleeping and eating habits, health and physical issues, depression, stress, sadness, and loneliness (Meyer, Dietrich, & Schwartz, 2008). Unfortunately, these challenges may continue to exist in adult life. In addition, teenagers, who are bullied, usually experience low academic performance since they are not interested in education. They miss classes and eventually drop out of colleges since bullying lowers their ability to gain knowledge and succeed in life.

Callahan (2011) mentions that being a target of bullies not only influences human lives, but also affects health producing panic attacks, loss of appetite, considerable blood pressure, insomnia, and headache. Moreover, every victim experiences various diseases leading to dire consequences, anxiety, and a loss of confidence. A witness of bullying behavior is more likely to experience clinical depression, consume drugs and alcohol.

Schoolchildren, who bully their peers, are often involved in violent and dangerous activities in their adulthood, as well as experience serious abuses. They may also get into a fight, destroy someone’s property and engage in early sexual activity. As adults, they can demonstrate aggression towards their children, parents, and partners, as well as have criminal convictions and traffic incidents.

Mass media, as well as social media, often associates bullying behavior with suicide. Though young people, who are bullied, are at risk of suicide, intimidation cannot be considered the main cause of insulting behavior. Numerous challenges contributing to the high risk of suicide encompass home issues, depression, and trauma history. Meyer, Dietrich, and Schwartz (2008) mention that particular groups are more prone to self-destruction, namely, homosexual, bisexual, transgender, Alaskan Native, Asian American, and American Indian young people. It is important to remember that the risk can increase if high school children and students do not get adequate moral support from parents, peers, teachers, and educational institutions. In reality, bullying can have terrible consequences and make the situation even worse, if society will stay indifferent.

Mercilessness is probably the most painful aspect of violent behavior. Individuals can witness deplorable scenes of name-calling and teasing every day. If the bullying continues to take place in schools and other places, youth can be put in a state of anxiety and fear. It will be difficult to overcome and deal with it alone. For adolescents, an ideal way finally to resolve the issue of bullying is to share their concerns with trusted adults, including parents and tutors (Meyer, Dietrich, & Schwartz, 2008). However, this approach highly depends on the situation. The Necessity to Report Bullying

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If bullying brings danger and causes physical harm, it is vital to inform about it immediately since the majority of schoolchildren have died because of unreported cases of stalking, violent attacks, and ongoing threats. In many situations, a victim of repeated bullying cannot control his/her emotions and thinks about revenge. The situation, in this case, becomes unsafe for everyone. Parents, teachers, and coaches, who have power and control, can help to find a perfect way to solve serious bullying issues, and eventually prevent them in the future.

If individuals are involved in the bullying situation that can lead to violence and negative consequences, it is important to ask for assistance and not to deal with it alone. If a person has friends and colleagues, who are the potential victims of bullying, it is necessary to spend time together doing favorite things. It is also vital to return home with a group of friends and classmates and stick close to peers during the bullying situation (McGrath, 2007).

Young people have to deal with their emotions in various life situations. The school environment should never encourage bullying behavior, and continue to work on radical changes that will help high school students. The school personnel should constantly observe stairwells and courtyards, where bullies disturb and harass students. Bullying often occurs in the presence of peers as violators want to demonstrate strength, feel the power, and gain recognition. Enlisting help and support of friends is a perfect way to eliminate aggressive and offensive culture in schools.

Developing an anti-violence program is another way to cope with bullying. If high schools or colleges have not initiated it yet, it is better to introduce one immediately. National Education Association (2014) points to the fact that healthcare specialists can help to manage bullying behavior by contributing to various community programs. Moreover, parents’ support and professional assistance enhance awareness of misconduct among teens and promote mutual respect in various spheres.

Bullying is a big challenge for millions of high school students despite their race and class. Some individuals regard it as an adequate behavior that reflects the transition to adulthood. However, it is not true. High school students and other young people will always be involved in conflicts and clashes. Bullying as a deliberate act is accompanied by emotional, sexual, and physical abuse. In addition, the offensive behavior has long-term and irreversible effects on self-esteem and confidence of adolescents and their ability to adapt to the outside world. Bullying occurs when adults, including parents and teachers, who are influential and stronger than young bullies, are not present.

In the case, if radical measures are rejected, violent behavior will set the tone for deliberate aggressive attitude towards others for a lifetime. It is necessary to share concerns and thoughts since the consequences of bullying can strongly affect the lives of victims in the future. It is important to act immediately and effectively in order to resolve the bullying issue and overcome challenges that occur in life.

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Combating Bullying in Schools: A Call to Action

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