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The Problem-Solving Process

Looking at the basic problem-solving process to help keep you on the right track.

By the Mind Tools Content Team

Problem-solving is an important part of planning and decision-making. The process has much in common with the decision-making process, and in the case of complex decisions, can form part of the process itself.

We face and solve problems every day, in a variety of guises and of differing complexity. Some, such as the resolution of a serious complaint, require a significant amount of time, thought and investigation. Others, such as a printer running out of paper, are so quickly resolved they barely register as a problem at all.

Despite the everyday occurrence of problems, many people lack confidence when it comes to solving them, and as a result may chose to stay with the status quo rather than tackle the issue. Broken down into steps, however, the problem-solving process is very simple. While there are many tools and techniques available to help us solve problems, the outline process remains the same.

The main stages of problem-solving are outlined below, though not all are required for every problem that needs to be solved.

1. Define the Problem

Clarify the problem before trying to solve it. A common mistake with problem-solving is to react to what the problem appears to be, rather than what it actually is. Write down a simple statement of the problem, and then underline the key words. Be certain there are no hidden assumptions in the key words you have underlined. One way of doing this is to use a synonym to replace the key words. For example, ‘We need to encourage higher productivity ’ might become ‘We need to promote superior output ’ which has a different meaning.

2. Analyze the Problem

Ask yourself, and others, the following questions.

• Where is the problem occurring?
• When is it occurring?
• Why is it happening?

Be careful not to jump to ‘who is causing the problem?’. When stressed and faced with a problem it is all too easy to assign blame. This, however, can cause negative feeling and does not help to solve the problem. As an example, if an employee is underperforming, the root of the problem might lie in a number of areas, such as lack of training, workplace bullying or management style. To assign immediate blame to the employee would not therefore resolve the underlying issue.

Once the answers to the where, when and why have been determined, the following questions should also be asked:

• Where can further information be found?
• Is this information correct, up-to-date and unbiased?
• What does this information mean in terms of the available options?

3. Generate Potential Solutions

When generating potential solutions it can be a good idea to have a mixture of ‘right brain’ and ‘left brain’ thinkers. In other words, some people who think laterally and some who think logically. This provides a balance in terms of generating the widest possible variety of solutions while also being realistic about what can be achieved. There are many tools and techniques which can help produce solutions, including thinking about the problem from a number of different perspectives, and brainstorming, where a team or individual write as many possibilities as they can think of to encourage lateral thinking and generate a broad range of potential solutions.

4. Select Best Solution

When selecting the best solution, consider:

• Is this a long-term solution, or a ‘quick fix’?
• Is the solution achievable in terms of available resources and time?
• Are there any risks associated with the chosen solution?
• Could the solution, in itself, lead to other problems?

This stage in particular demonstrates why problem-solving and decision-making are so closely related.

5. Take Action

In order to implement the chosen solution effectively, consider the following:

• What will the situation look like when the problem is resolved?
• What needs to be done to implement the solution? Are there systems or processes that need to be adjusted?
• What will be the success indicators?
• What are the timescales for the implementation? Does the scale of the problem/implementation require a project plan?
• Who is responsible?

Once the answers to all the above questions are written down, they can form the basis of an action plan.

6. Monitor and Review

One of the most important factors in successful problem-solving is continual observation and feedback. Use the success indicators in the action plan to monitor progress on a regular basis. Is everything as expected? Is everything on schedule? Keep an eye on priorities and timelines to prevent them from slipping.

If the indicators are not being met, or if timescales are slipping, consider what can be done. Was the plan realistic? If so, are sufficient resources being made available? Are these resources targeting the correct part of the plan? Or does the plan need to be amended? Regular review and discussion of the action plan is important so small adjustments can be made on a regular basis to help keep everything on track.

Once all the indicators have been met and the problem has been resolved, consider what steps can now be taken to prevent this type of problem recurring? It may be that the chosen solution already prevents a recurrence, however if an interim or partial solution has been chosen it is important not to lose momentum.

Problems, by their very nature, will not always fit neatly into a structured problem-solving process. This process, therefore, is designed as a framework which can be adapted to individual needs and nature.

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Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Rachel Goldman, PhD FTOS, is a licensed psychologist, clinical assistant professor, speaker, wellness expert specializing in eating behaviors, stress management, and health behavior change.

• Identify the Problem
• Define the Problem
• Form a Strategy
• Organize Information
• Allocate Resources
• Monitor Progress
• Evaluate the Results

Frequently Asked Questions

Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing, and solving problems. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue.

The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. In some cases, people are better off learning everything they can about the issue and then using factual knowledge to come up with a solution. In other instances, creativity and insight are the best options.

It is not necessary to follow problem-solving steps sequentially, It is common to skip steps or even go back through steps multiple times until the desired solution is reached.

In order to correctly solve a problem, it is often important to follow a series of steps. Researchers sometimes refer to this as the problem-solving cycle. While this cycle is portrayed sequentially, people rarely follow a rigid series of steps to find a solution.

The following steps include developing strategies and organizing knowledge.

1. Identifying the Problem

While it may seem like an obvious step, identifying the problem is not always as simple as it sounds. In some cases, people might mistakenly identify the wrong source of a problem, which will make attempts to solve it inefficient or even useless.

Some strategies that you might use to figure out the source of a problem include :

• Asking questions about the problem
• Breaking the problem down into smaller pieces
• Looking at the problem from different perspectives
• Conducting research to figure out what relationships exist between different variables

2. Defining the Problem

After the problem has been identified, it is important to fully define the problem so that it can be solved. You can define a problem by operationally defining each aspect of the problem and setting goals for what aspects of the problem you will address

At this point, you should focus on figuring out which aspects of the problems are facts and which are opinions. State the problem clearly and identify the scope of the solution.

3. Forming a Strategy

After the problem has been identified, it is time to start brainstorming potential solutions. This step usually involves generating as many ideas as possible without judging their quality. Once several possibilities have been generated, they can be evaluated and narrowed down.

The next step is to develop a strategy to solve the problem. The approach used will vary depending upon the situation and the individual's unique preferences. Common problem-solving strategies include heuristics and algorithms.

• Heuristics are mental shortcuts that are often based on solutions that have worked in the past. They can work well if the problem is similar to something you have encountered before and are often the best choice if you need a fast solution.
• Algorithms are step-by-step strategies that are guaranteed to produce a correct result. While this approach is great for accuracy, it can also consume time and resources.

Heuristics are often best used when time is of the essence, while algorithms are a better choice when a decision needs to be as accurate as possible.

4. Organizing Information

Before coming up with a solution, you need to first organize the available information. What do you know about the problem? What do you not know? The more information that is available the better prepared you will be to come up with an accurate solution.

When approaching a problem, it is important to make sure that you have all the data you need. Making a decision without adequate information can lead to biased or inaccurate results.

5. Allocating Resources

Of course, we don't always have unlimited money, time, and other resources to solve a problem. Before you begin to solve a problem, you need to determine how high priority it is.

If it is an important problem, it is probably worth allocating more resources to solving it. If, however, it is a fairly unimportant problem, then you do not want to spend too much of your available resources on coming up with a solution.

At this stage, it is important to consider all of the factors that might affect the problem at hand. This includes looking at the available resources, deadlines that need to be met, and any possible risks involved in each solution. After careful evaluation, a decision can be made about which solution to pursue.

6. Monitoring Progress

After selecting a problem-solving strategy, it is time to put the plan into action and see if it works. This step might involve trying out different solutions to see which one is the most effective.

It is also important to monitor the situation after implementing a solution to ensure that the problem has been solved and that no new problems have arisen as a result of the proposed solution.

Effective problem-solvers tend to monitor their progress as they work towards a solution. If they are not making good progress toward reaching their goal, they will reevaluate their approach or look for new strategies .

7. Evaluating the Results

After a solution has been reached, it is important to evaluate the results to determine if it is the best possible solution to the problem. This evaluation might be immediate, such as checking the results of a math problem to ensure the answer is correct, or it can be delayed, such as evaluating the success of a therapy program after several months of treatment.

Once a problem has been solved, it is important to take some time to reflect on the process that was used and evaluate the results. This will help you to improve your problem-solving skills and become more efficient at solving future problems.

A Word From Verywell​

It is important to remember that there are many different problem-solving processes with different steps, and this is just one example. Problem-solving in real-world situations requires a great deal of resourcefulness, flexibility, resilience, and continuous interaction with the environment.

Get Advice From The Verywell Mind Podcast

Hosted by therapist Amy Morin, LCSW, this episode of The Verywell Mind Podcast shares how you can stop dwelling in a negative mindset.

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You can become a better problem solving by:

• Practicing brainstorming and coming up with multiple potential solutions to problems
• Being open-minded and considering all possible options before making a decision
• Breaking down problems into smaller, more manageable pieces
• Asking for help when needed
• Researching different problem-solving techniques and trying out new ones
• Learning from mistakes and using them as opportunities to grow

It's important to communicate openly and honestly with your partner about what's going on. Try to see things from their perspective as well as your own. Work together to find a resolution that works for both of you. Be willing to compromise and accept that there may not be a perfect solution.

Take breaks if things are getting too heated, and come back to the problem when you feel calm and collected. Don't try to fix every problem on your own—consider asking a therapist or counselor for help and insight.

If you've tried everything and there doesn't seem to be a way to fix the problem, you may have to learn to accept it. This can be difficult, but try to focus on the positive aspects of your life and remember that every situation is temporary. Don't dwell on what's going wrong—instead, think about what's going right. Find support by talking to friends or family. Seek professional help if you're having trouble coping.

Davidson JE, Sternberg RJ, editors.  The Psychology of Problem Solving .  Cambridge University Press; 2003. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511615771

Sarathy V. Real world problem-solving .  Front Hum Neurosci . 2018;12:261. Published 2018 Jun 26. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00261

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Tuesday, May 15, 2012

• The Six-Step Problem-Solving Process

• Select the problem to be analyzed
• Clearly define the problem and establish aprecise problem statement
• Set a measurable goal for the problem solving effort
• Establish a process for coordinating with and gaining approval of leadership
• Identify the processes that impact the problem and select one
• List the steps in the process as it currently exists
• Map the Process
• Validate the map of the process
• Identify potential cause of the problem
• Collect and analyze data related to the problem
• Verify or revise the original problem statement
• Identify root causes of the problem
• Collect additional data if needed to verify root causes
• Establish criteria for selecting a solution
• Generate potential solutions that will address the root causes of the problem
• Select a solution
• Gain approval and supporter the chosen solution
• Plan the solution
• Implement the chosen solution on a trial or pilot basis
• If the Problem Solving Process is being used in conjunction with the Continuous Improvement Process, return to Step 6 of the Continuous Improvement Process
• If the Problem Solving Process is being used as a standalone, continue to Step 5
• Gather data on the solution
• Analyze the data on the solution
• Achive the desired results?
• If YES, go to Step 6. 
• If NO, go back to Step 1.
• Identify systemic changes and training needs for full implementation
• Adopt the solution
• Plan ongoing monitoring of the solution
• Continue to look for incremental improvements to refine the solution
• Look for another improvement opportunity

4 comments:

Tim, This is a good guideline for any practitioner to follow. I wish I had this a few weeks ago. A client liked a training deck I prepared but didn't want to confuse anyone with terms like Deming Cycle and such. The final version of PDCA was a 6 step process improvement method that's very similar to yours. Thanks for sharing. Cheers, Chris

Thank you for you brief and easy to understand on each step problem solving above.

Wonderful. Well Explained. Thank you for sharing

I mapped this to PDCA and observed that the first 3 steps correspond to P, the next 3 to D, C and A respectively. This Show that indeed planning is the most important step in PDCA.

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Six Steps to Develop an Effective Problem-Solving Process

by Rawzaba Alhalabi Published on November 1, 2017

Problem-solving involves thought and understanding. Although it may appear simple, identifying a problem may be a challenging process.

“Problems are only opportunities in work clothes”, says American industrialist Henry Kaiser. According to Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995), a problem is “ doubtful or difficult matter requiring a solution” and “something hard to understand or accomplish or deal with.” Such situations are at the center of what many people do at work every day.

Whether to help a client solve a problem, support a problem-solver, or to discover new problems, problem-solving is a crucial element to the workplace ingredients. Everyone can benefit from effective problem-solving skills that would make people happier. Everyone wins. Hence, this approach is a critical element but how can you do it effectively? You need to find a solution, but not right away. People tend to put the solution at the beginning of the process but they actually needed it at the end of the process.

Here are six steps to an effective problem-solving process:

Identify the issues, understand everyone’s interests, list the possible solutions, make a decision, implement the solution.

By following the whole process, you will be able to enhance your problem-solving skills and increase your patience. Keep in mind that effective problem solving does take some time and attention. You have to always be ready to hit the brakes and slow down. A problem is like a bump road. Take it right and you’ll find yourself in good shape for the straightaway that follows. Take it too fast and you may not be in as good shape.

Case study 1:

According to Real Time Economics, there are industries that have genuinely evolved, with more roles for people with analytical and problem-solving skills. In healthcare, for example, a regulatory change requiring the digitization of health records has led to greater demand for medical records technicians. Technological change in the manufacturing industry has reduced routine factory jobs while demanding more skilled workers who can operate complex machinery.

Case study 2:

Yolanda was having a hard time dealing with difficult clients and dealing with her team at the office, so she decided to take a problem-solving course. “I was very pleased with the 2-day Problem Solving program at RSM.  It is an excellent investment for anyone involved in the strategic decision-making process—be it in their own company or as a consultant charged with supporting organizations facing strategic challenges.“

Yolanda Barreros Gutiérrez, B&C Consulting

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Having read this I believed it was extremely enlightening. I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put tis informative article together. I onc again findd myself spending a significant amount of time both reading and leavfing comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

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Mastering the Six-Step Problem Solving Model – A Comprehensive Guide for Success

Introduction.

Problem solving skills are a crucial aspect of life. Whether it’s tackling complex issues in the workplace or finding solutions to everyday challenges, being able to effectively solve problems is essential. One popular approach to problem-solving is the Six-Step Problem Solving Model. This model provides a structured and systematic way of approaching problems, enabling individuals and teams to arrive at effective solutions. In this blog post, we will delve into each step of the Six-Step Problem Solving Model and explore techniques and strategies for successful problem solving.

Step 1: Identify and define the problem

Before diving into finding a solution, it is imperative to clearly identify and define the problem at hand. Without a clear understanding of the problem, it becomes difficult to develop effective solutions. One technique for identifying the problem is to ask the right questions. By asking probing questions, you can gain a deeper understanding of the issue and its impact on various aspects.

Gathering relevant information is a vital aspect of defining the problem. This can be done through research, data analysis, or relying on the expertise of individuals who have faced similar issues. The more information you gather, the better equipped you will be to define the problem accurately.

Step 2: Analyze the problem

Once the problem is defined, it is crucial to analyze it thoroughly. This involves exploring the root causes of the problem. By identifying the underlying factors contributing to the problem, you can develop strategies to address them effectively.

Analytical tools and techniques can aid in this step. One such tool is the cause-and-effect diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram. This diagram helps visualize the multiple causes that contribute to a problem, enabling a comprehensive analysis. Other tools, such as SWOT analysis or Pareto analysis, can be utilized depending on the nature of the problem.

Step 3: Generate potential solutions

Brainstorming and creative thinking play a crucial role in the third step of the Six-Step Problem Solving Model. This is the stage where you generate as many potential solutions as possible, without evaluating them yet. Encouraging a free flow of ideas without judgment can lead to innovative and out-of-the-box solutions.

After generating a list of potential solutions, it’s time to evaluate their feasibility and effectiveness. Consider factors such as the resources required, the time frame, and the impact on stakeholders. Prioritize the solutions based on these considerations and shortlist a few viable options.

Step 4: Select the best solution

Choosing the best solution from the shortlisted options requires a careful evaluation process. Consider various factors such as the potential positive outcomes, potential risks, and the resources required for implementation. One useful tool in this step is decision matrix analysis. This tool allows you to objectively compare and evaluate different solutions based on predetermined criteria.

Remember that the best solution might not be perfect, but it should have a higher probability of success and address the root causes identified in the analysis phase.

Step 5: Implement the chosen solution

Once you have selected the best solution, it’s time to develop an action plan for implementation. The action plan should outline the necessary steps, allocate resources, and set clear timelines for each task. It’s important to involve all relevant stakeholders in this phase to ensure their buy-in and cooperation.

During implementation, it’s common to encounter obstacles and risks. It is important to anticipate and proactively address these challenges. Regular communication and monitoring of progress can help identify potential risks and resolve issues in a timely manner.

Step 6: Evaluate the results and make adjustments

After implementing the chosen solution, it is crucial to evaluate its effectiveness. Assess whether the solution has successfully addressed the problem and achieved the desired outcomes. This evaluation can be done through various means such as surveys, feedback from stakeholders, or quantitative measurements.

If the solution did not produce the desired results, it’s important to make adjustments and improvements. This might involve revisiting the problem definition, analyzing the root causes more deeply, or even considering alternate solutions. Continuous improvement is key to success in problem-solving endeavors.

The Six-Step Problem Solving Model provides a systematic approach to addressing and resolving problems. By following these steps, individuals and teams can enhance their problem-solving skills and arrive at effective solutions. Remember to always start with a clear definition of the problem, analyze it thoroughly, generate potential solutions, select the best solution, implement it carefully, and evaluate the results before making adjustments. By applying this model, you can tackle complex problems with confidence and achieve success in your problem-solving endeavors.

Related articles:

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• Understanding AI Model Drift – Causes, Challenges, and Solutions
• Understanding the UMI Channel Model – A Comprehensive Guide for Wireless Communication Professionals
• Mastering the Art of Problem Solving – Six Simple Steps to Success

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• Creating Environments Conducive to Social Interaction
• Thinking Ethically: A Framework for Moral Decision Making
• Developing a Positive Climate with Trust and Respect
• Developing Self-Esteem, Confidence, Resiliency, and Mindset
• Developing Ability to Consider Different Perspectives
• Developing Tools and Techniques Useful in Social Problem-Solving
• Leadership Problem-Solving Model
• A Problem-Solving Model for Improving Student Achievement

Six-Step Problem-Solving Model

• Hurson’s Productive Thinking Model: Solving Problems Creatively
• The Power of Storytelling and Play
• Creative Documentation & Assessment
• Materials for Use in Creating “Third Party” Solution Scenarios
• Resources for Connecting Schools to Communities
• Resources for Enabling Students

weblink:  http://www.yale.edu/bestpractices/resources/docs/problemsolvingmodel.pdf

This six-step model is designed for the workplace, but is easily adaptable to other settings such as schools and families.  It emphasizes the cyclical , continuous nature of the problem-solving process .  The model describes in detail the following steps:

Step One:   Define the Problem

Step Two:   Determine the Root Cause(s) of the Problem

Step Three:   Develop Alternative Solutions

Step Four:   Select a Solution

Step Five:   Implement the Solution

Step Six:   Evaluate the Outcome

• The Art of Effective Problem Solving: A Step-by-Step Guide
• Learn Lean Sigma
• Problem Solving

Whether we realise it or not, problem solving skills are an important part of our daily lives. From resolving a minor annoyance at home to tackling complex business challenges at work, our ability to solve problems has a significant impact on our success and happiness. However, not everyone is naturally gifted at problem-solving, and even those who are can always improve their skills. In this blog post, we will go over the art of effective problem-solving step by step.

You will learn how to define a problem, gather information, assess alternatives, and implement a solution, all while honing your critical thinking and creative problem-solving skills. Whether you’re a seasoned problem solver or just getting started, this guide will arm you with the knowledge and tools you need to face any challenge with confidence. So let’s get started!

Table of Contents

Problem solving methodologies.

Individuals and organisations can use a variety of problem-solving methodologies to address complex challenges. 8D and A3 problem solving techniques are two popular methodologies in the Lean Six Sigma framework.

Methodology of 8D (Eight Discipline) Problem Solving:

The 8D problem solving methodology is a systematic, team-based approach to problem solving. It is a method that guides a team through eight distinct steps to solve a problem in a systematic and comprehensive manner.

The 8D process consists of the following steps:

• Form a team: Assemble a group of people who have the necessary expertise to work on the problem.
• Define the issue: Clearly identify and define the problem, including the root cause and the customer impact.
• Create a temporary containment plan: Put in place a plan to lessen the impact of the problem until a permanent solution can be found.
• Identify the root cause: To identify the underlying causes of the problem, use root cause analysis techniques such as Fishbone diagrams and Pareto charts.
• Create and test long-term corrective actions: Create and test a long-term solution to eliminate the root cause of the problem.
• Implement and validate the permanent solution: Implement and validate the permanent solution’s effectiveness.
• Prevent recurrence: Put in place measures to keep the problem from recurring.
• Recognize and reward the team: Recognize and reward the team for its efforts.

Download the 8D Problem Solving Template

A3 Problem Solving Method:

The A3 problem solving technique is a visual, team-based problem-solving approach that is frequently used in Lean Six Sigma projects. The A3 report is a one-page document that clearly and concisely outlines the problem, root cause analysis, and proposed solution.

The A3 problem-solving procedure consists of the following steps:

• Determine the issue: Define the issue clearly, including its impact on the customer.
• Perform root cause analysis: Identify the underlying causes of the problem using root cause analysis techniques.
• Create and implement a solution: Create and implement a solution that addresses the problem’s root cause.
• Monitor and improve the solution: Keep an eye on the solution’s effectiveness and make any necessary changes.

Subsequently, in the Lean Six Sigma framework, the 8D and A3 problem solving methodologies are two popular approaches to problem solving. Both methodologies provide a structured, team-based problem-solving approach that guides individuals through a comprehensive and systematic process of identifying, analysing, and resolving problems in an effective and efficient manner.

Step 1 – Define the Problem

The definition of the problem is the first step in effective problem solving. This may appear to be a simple task, but it is actually quite difficult. This is because problems are frequently complex and multi-layered, making it easy to confuse symptoms with the underlying cause. To avoid this pitfall, it is critical to thoroughly understand the problem.

To begin, ask yourself some clarifying questions:

• What exactly is the issue?
• What are the problem’s symptoms or consequences?
• Who or what is impacted by the issue?
• When and where does the issue arise?

Answering these questions will assist you in determining the scope of the problem. However, simply describing the problem is not always sufficient; you must also identify the root cause. The root cause is the underlying cause of the problem and is usually the key to resolving it permanently.

Try asking “why” questions to find the root cause:

• What causes the problem?
• Why does it continue?
• Why does it have the effects that it does?

By repeatedly asking “ why ,” you’ll eventually get to the bottom of the problem. This is an important step in the problem-solving process because it ensures that you’re dealing with the root cause rather than just the symptoms.

Once you have a firm grasp on the issue, it is time to divide it into smaller, more manageable chunks. This makes tackling the problem easier and reduces the risk of becoming overwhelmed. For example, if you’re attempting to solve a complex business problem, you might divide it into smaller components like market research, product development, and sales strategies.

To summarise step 1, defining the problem is an important first step in effective problem-solving. You will be able to identify the root cause and break it down into manageable parts if you take the time to thoroughly understand the problem. This will prepare you for the next step in the problem-solving process, which is gathering information and brainstorming ideas.

Step 2 – Gather Information and Brainstorm Ideas

Gathering information and brainstorming ideas is the next step in effective problem solving. This entails researching the problem and relevant information, collaborating with others, and coming up with a variety of potential solutions. This increases your chances of finding the best solution to the problem.

Begin by researching the problem and relevant information. This could include reading articles, conducting surveys, or consulting with experts. The goal is to collect as much information as possible in order to better understand the problem and possible solutions.

Next, work with others to gather a variety of perspectives. Brainstorming with others can be an excellent way to come up with new and creative ideas. Encourage everyone to share their thoughts and ideas when working in a group, and make an effort to actively listen to what others have to say. Be open to new and unconventional ideas and resist the urge to dismiss them too quickly.

Finally, use brainstorming to generate a wide range of potential solutions. This is the place where you can let your imagination run wild. At this stage, don’t worry about the feasibility or practicality of the solutions; instead, focus on generating as many ideas as possible. Write down everything that comes to mind, no matter how ridiculous or unusual it may appear. This can be done individually or in groups.

Once you’ve compiled a list of potential solutions, it’s time to assess them and select the best one. This is the next step in the problem-solving process, which we’ll go over in greater detail in the following section.

Step 3 – Evaluate Options and Choose the Best Solution

Once you’ve compiled a list of potential solutions, it’s time to assess them and select the best one. This is the third step in effective problem solving, and it entails weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution, considering their feasibility and practicability, and selecting the solution that is most likely to solve the problem effectively.

To begin, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. This will assist you in determining the potential outcomes of each solution and deciding which is the best option. For example, a quick and easy solution may not be the most effective in the long run, whereas a more complex and time-consuming solution may be more effective in solving the problem in the long run.

Consider each solution’s feasibility and practicability. Consider the following:

• Can the solution be implemented within the available resources, time, and budget?
• What are the possible barriers to implementing the solution?
• Is the solution feasible in today’s political, economic, and social environment?

You’ll be able to tell which solutions are likely to succeed and which aren’t by assessing their feasibility and practicability.

Finally, choose the solution that is most likely to effectively solve the problem. This solution should be based on the criteria you’ve established, such as the advantages and disadvantages of each solution, their feasibility and practicability, and your overall goals.

It is critical to remember that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to problems. What is effective for one person or situation may not be effective for another. This is why it is critical to consider a wide range of solutions and evaluate each one based on its ability to effectively solve the problem.

Step 4 – Implement and Monitor the Solution

When you’ve decided on the best solution, it’s time to put it into action. The fourth and final step in effective problem solving is to put the solution into action, monitor its progress, and make any necessary adjustments.

To begin, implement the solution. This may entail delegating tasks, developing a strategy, and allocating resources. Ascertain that everyone involved understands their role and responsibilities in the solution’s implementation.

Next, keep an eye on the solution’s progress. This may entail scheduling regular check-ins, tracking metrics, and soliciting feedback from others. You will be able to identify any potential roadblocks and make any necessary adjustments in a timely manner if you monitor the progress of the solution.

Finally, make any necessary modifications to the solution. This could entail changing the solution, altering the plan of action, or delegating different tasks. Be willing to make changes if they will improve the solution or help it solve the problem more effectively.

It’s important to remember that problem solving is an iterative process, and there may be times when you need to start from scratch. This is especially true if the initial solution does not effectively solve the problem. In these situations, it’s critical to be adaptable and flexible and to keep trying new solutions until you find the one that works best.

To summarise, effective problem solving is a critical skill that can assist individuals and organisations in overcoming challenges and achieving their objectives. Effective problem solving consists of four key steps: defining the problem, generating potential solutions, evaluating alternatives and selecting the best solution, and implementing the solution.

You can increase your chances of success in problem solving by following these steps and considering factors such as the pros and cons of each solution, their feasibility and practicability, and making any necessary adjustments. Furthermore, keep in mind that problem solving is an iterative process, and there may be times when you need to go back to the beginning and restart. Maintain your adaptability and try new solutions until you find the one that works best for you.

• Novick, L.R. and Bassok, M., 2005.  Problem Solving . Cambridge University Press.

Daniel Croft

Daniel Croft is a seasoned continuous improvement manager with a Black Belt in Lean Six Sigma. With over 10 years of real-world application experience across diverse sectors, Daniel has a passion for optimizing processes and fostering a culture of efficiency. He's not just a practitioner but also an avid learner, constantly seeking to expand his knowledge. Outside of his professional life, Daniel has a keen Investing, statistics and knowledge-sharing, which led him to create the website learnleansigma.com, a platform dedicated to Lean Six Sigma and process improvement insights.

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Six Steps Demystified

The six-step approach offers a framework for creative problem solving. Although each step is critical, it is important that participants don't forget that conducting RESEARCH on a topic sets up a strong foundation. Being knowledgeable about a topic allows for better understanding of the bigger picture and is a key part of identifying problems as well as generating solutions. Successful problem solvers always have conducted research on the topic.

There are two essential Pre-Steps before starting the six-step process.

Research the topic

Read and analyze the future scene

Underlying Problem

Evaluate Solutions

Action Plan

Develop an Action Plan

The solution idea (which receives the highest total from STEP 5) is described in detail within the action plan. Develop your action plan by relating the idea back to the U.P. Demonstrate how your action plan will achieve what you set out to accomplish in STEP 2 (the KVP and Purpose).

Tips: 

Explain in detail the  who, what, how why, where,  and  when  of your action plan. Who will carry out the plan or be involved? What will be done to solve the problem? When will the results begin and will it continue? Where will the plan be implemented? Why will this idea positively impact the future scene? How will the action plan be carried out? How does it positively impact the U.P.? 

New facts to your action plan may be added, as long as each addition represents a subpart of your action plan.

Sample Format:  One approach might be to write five complete paragraphs in elaboration of your action plan.

 An overview of the plans steps and stages of implementation ( Who  and  What ).

Discuss the reasons or logic behind the solution being the best choice ( Why  and  How  the plan solves every aspect of the U.P.).

Discuss potential roadblocks or challenges that will likely confront this action plan, along with ideas or actions for overcoming these obstacles.

Highlight the strengths which Action Plan possess.

Underscore the many positive impacts that the action plan will provide to the whole situation described in the future scene. Provide a justification ( Why  and How ) for each positive impact and benefit derived from the implementation of the action plan.

Produce Solution Ideas to the Underlying Problem

Solutions are detailed plans to solve all aspects of the team’s U.P.

Elaborate by indicating  WHO  will implement the solution idea,  WHAT  will be done,  HOW  the solution idea will work, and  WHY  the solution idea will solve the KVP and Purpose of the U.P.

Elements of the future should be incorporated within these action proposals by utilizing new or special technologies, methods, or procedures that would be effective.

Solution ideas are to be stated as definite proposals (e.g. "will").

Incorporate futuristic aspects in your writing of the solution idea.

Attempt to produce solutions for every relevant category of thought for the future scene as possible.

Generate and Select Criteria to Evaluate Solution Ideas

Brainstorm criteria that question the creative potential and importance of solution ideas. Create criteria which will measure the comparative quality (relevance and/or validity) of your STEP 3 solutions.

Only identify one concern/dimension with each criterion. Avoid the use of "and" in a criterion.

It is helpful to include  superlatives words (e.g. least, most, greatest, fewest, etc.).

You can create advanced criteria by considering various aspects of the future scene or your U.P. (KVP or Purpose) within a criterion.

Include the phrase, "which solution will" and phrase each in the form of a question.

Identify Challenges Related to the Topic or Future Scene

Challenges note important concerns, problems, issues, or challenges that have a strong possibility of occurring within the future scene. 

Written in statement form.

Stated in terms of possibility (e.g. may, could, might).

Must have relation to the future scene by containing terms or phrases that describe the topic, place, and/or individuals detailed in the future scene.

Challenges may either cause the future scene or result from the future scene.

Explain WHAT the challenge is, WHY it is a challenge, and HOW it relates to the future scene.

Phrase your challenges as cause and effect logic statements.

Attempt to find as many challenges as you can for every relevant category of thought for the future scene (about 12 categories should be your goal).

Incorporate ideas or concepts found during your research when writing the selected challenges from your group’s brainstorming whenever possible.

Select an Underlying Problem

The Underlying Problem (U.P.) is a statement of the most important challenge identified in STEP 1. The selected challenge, if solved, might solve many of the other challenges identified in the Future Scene. A challenge causing other concerns to occur in the scenario is much preferred as the U.P. rather than a challenge resulting from the future scene’s situation.

How To Structure A U.P.:   A U.P. should be stated in one question containing the following five basic components.

Condition Phrase: A beginning sentence that describes the most significant challenge selected from STEP 1 that may be causing many other challenges in the future scene. The conditions should describe an effect and a cause arising from the future scene. The conditions are the impetus for the area of concern that the team has chosen for their solution finding. Since and due to (or because) could be a format used to write the condition phrase.

Stem: Phrased as "How might we" or "In what ways might we"

Key Verb Phrase (KVP): One main verb which is active, descriptive, and clear which describes the action that must be done to solve the problem.

Purpose: The what you aim to accomplish by doing the Key Verb Phrase.

Future Scene Parameters (FSP): The geographic location, time, and topic described within the future scene.

The U.P. should address only one issue (one action in the KVP and one goal in the Purpose).

The action stated in your KVP should be clear and the goal or outcome described in your Purpose should be measurable.

Evaluate Solution Ideas to Determine the Better Action Plan

Select your 8 most promising solution ideas and list them in the 8 solution idea blanks of the grid. If you have fewer than 8, list them all. Rank order your solution ideas from 8 (best) to 1 (least effective) relative to each criterion from STEP 4. Ensure that you use each number between 8 and 1 only once in each vertical column. Sum the ratings across the grid to total the ranks given to each solution. The solution with the highest total rank is the solution used to develop your action plan in STEP 6.

It is always helpful to familiarize yourself with the six steps by looking at the full blank booklet and understanding how evaluators review each step through the GIPS Evaluation Scoresheet which can also be found under at the Virtual Center . 

The GIPS Key Tips packet found under at the Virtual Center offers more in-depth explanation of each step. If you have any questions about the six steps never hesitate to reach out to our Evaluation Director, so we can offer more insight. Always remember to review the evaluators' scoresheet after each submission and read the feedback which can offer advice on how to further improve.

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Psychological Steps Involved in Problem Solving

A mental process or a phenomenon dedicated towards solving problems by discovering and analyzing the problem is referred to as problem-solving. It is a process dedicated to finding not just any solution, but the best solution to resolve any problems. There is no such thing as one best way to solve every kind of problem, since there are unique problems depending upon the situation there are unique solutions too.

In psychology, problem solving doesn’t necessarily refer to solving psychological/mental issues of the brain. The process simply refers to solving every kind of problems in life in a proper manner. The idea of including the subject in psychology is because psychology deals with the overall mental process. And, tactfully using our thought process is what leads to the solution of any problems.

There are number of rigid psychological steps involved in problem solving, which is also referred as problem-solving cycle. The steps are in sequential order, and solving any problem requires following them one after another. But, we tend to avoid following this rigid set of steps, which is why it often requires us to go through the same steps over and over again until a satisfactory solution is reached.

Here are the steps involved in problem solving, approved by expert psychologists.

1. Identifying the Problem

Identifying the problem seems like the obvious first stem, but it’s not exactly as simple as it sounds. People might identify the wrong source of a problem, which will render the steps thus carried on useless.

For instance , let’s say you’re having trouble with your studies. identifying the root of your failure is your first priority. The problem here could be that you haven’t been allocating enough time for your studies, or you haven’t tried the right techniques. But, if you make an assumption that the problem here is the subject being too hard, you won’t be able to solve the problem.

2. Defining/Understanding the Problem

It’s vital to properly define the problem once it’s been identified. Only by defining the problem, further steps can be taken to solve it. While at it, you also need to take into consideration different perspectives to understand any problem; this will also help you look for solutions with different perspectives.

Now, following up with the previous example . Let’s say you have identified the problem as not being able to allocate enough time for your studies. You need to sort out the reason behind it. Have you just been procrastinating? Have you been too busy with work? You need to understand the whole problem and reasons behind it, which is the second step in problem solving.

3. Forming a Strategy

Developing a strategy is the next step to finding a solution. Each different situation will require formulating different strategies, also depending on individual’s unique preferences.

Now, you have identified and studied your problem. You can’t just simply jump into trying to solve it. You can’t just quit work and start studying. You need to draw up a strategy to manage your time properly. Allocate less time for not-so-important works, and add them to your study time. Your strategy should be well thought, so that in theory at least, you are able to manage enough time to study properly and not fail in the exams.

4. Organizing Information

Organizing the available information is another crucial step to the process. You need to consider

• What do you know about the problem?
• What do you not know about the problem?

Accuracy of the solution for your problem will depend on the amount of information available.

The hypothetical strategy you formulate isn’t the all of it either. You need to now contemplate on the information available on the subject matter. Use the aforementioned questions to find out more about the problem. Proper organization of the information will force you to revise your strategy and refine it for best results.

5. Allocating Resources

Time, money and other resources aren’t unlimited. Deciding how high the priority is to solve your problem will help you determine the resources you’ll be using in your course to find the solution. If the problem is important, you can allocate more resources to solving it. However, if the problem isn’t as important, it’s not worth the time and money you might spend on it if not for proper planning.

For instance , let’s consider a different scenario where your business deal is stuck, but it’s few thousand miles away. Now, you need to analyze the problem and the resources you can afford to expend to solve the particular problem. If the deal isn’t really in your favor, you could just try solving it over the phone, however, more important deals might require you to fly to the location in order to solve the issue.

6. Monitoring Progress

You need to document your progress as you are finding a solution. Don’t rely on your memory, no matter how good your memory is. Effective problem-solvers have been known to monitor their progress regularly. And, if they’re not making as much progress as they’re supposed to, they will reevaluate their approach or look for new strategies.

Problem solving isn’t an overnight feat. You can’t just have a body like that of Brad Pitt after a single session in the gym. It takes time and patience. Likewise, you need to work towards solving any problem every day until you finally achieve the results. Looking back at the previous example , if everything’s according to plan, you will be allocating more and more time for your studies until finally you are confident that you’re improving. One way to make sure that you’re on a right path to solving a problem is by keeping track of the progress. To solve the problem illustrated in the first example, you can take self-tests every week or two and track your progress.

7. Evaluating the Results

Your job still isn’t done even if you’ve reached a solution. You need to evaluate the solution to find out if it’s the best possible solution to the problem. The evaluation might be immediate or might take a while. For instance , answer to a math problem can be checked then and there, however solution to your yearly tax issue might not be possible to be evaluated right there.

• Take time to identify the possible sources of the problem. It’s better to spend a substantial amount of time on something right, than on something completely opposite.
• Ask yourself questions like What, Why, How to figure out the causes of the problem. Only then can you move forward on solving it.
• Carefully outline the methods to tackle the problem. There might be different solutions to a problem, record them all.
• Gather all information about the problem and the approaches. More, the merrier.
• From the outlined methods, choose the ones that are viable to approach. Try discarding the ones that have unseen consequences.
• Track your progress as you go.
• Evaluate the outcome of the progress.

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3.3: Creative Problem-Solving Process

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Describe the five steps in the creative problem-solving process
• Identify and describe common creative problem-solving tools

Creativity can be an important trait of an entrepreneur. In that discussion, we learned about creativity’s role in innovation . Here, we will look in more depth at creativity’s role in problem-solving . Let’s first formally define creativity as the development of original ideas to solve an issue. The intent of being an entrepreneur is to break away from practical norms and use imagination to embrace quick and effective solutions to an existing problem, usually outside the corporate environment.

The Steps of the Creative Problem-Solving Process

Training oneself to think like an entrepreneur means learning the steps to evaluating a challenge: clarify, ideate, develop, implement, and evaluate (Figure 3.3.1).

Step 1: Clarify

To clarify is the critical step of recognizing the existence of a gap between the current state and a desired state. This can also be thought of as having need awareness , which occurs when the entrepreneur notes a gap between societal or customer needs and actual circumstances. Clarifying the problem by speaking with clients and developing a detailed description of the problem brings the specifics of a problem to light. Failure to identify the specifics of a problem leaves the entrepreneur with the impossible task of solving a ghost problem, a problem that is fully unknown or unseen. To establish and maintain credibility, an entrepreneur must clarify the problem by focusing on solving the problem itself, rather than solving a symptom of the problem.

For example, a farm could have polluted water, but it would not be enough to solve the problem only on that farm. Clarifying would involve identifying the source of the pollution to adequately tackle the problem. After gaining an understanding of a problem, the entrepreneur should begin to formulate plans for eliminating the gap. A fishbone diagram, as shown in Figure 3.3.2, is a tool that can be used to identify the causes of such a problem.

In the case of our water pollution example, a fishbone diagram exploring the issue might reveal the items shown in Figure 3.3.3.

Step 2: Ideate

To ideate is the step of the creative problem-solving process that involves generating and detailing ideas by the entrepreneur. After collecting all information relevant to the problem, the entrepreneur lists as many causes of the problem as possible. This is the step in which the largest variety of ideas are put forth. Each idea must be evaluated for feasibility and cost as a solution to the problem. If a farm does not have clean water, for example, the entrepreneur must list causes of toxic water and eliminate as many of those causes as possible. The entrepreneur must then move forward investigating solutions to bring the water back to a safe state. If, say, nearby livestock are polluting the water, the livestock should be isolated from the water source.

Step 3: Develop

To develop is the step in which the entrepreneur takes the list of ideas generated and tests each solution for feasibility. The entrepreneur must consider the cost of each idea and the obstacles to implementation. In the preceding example, adding a chemical to the water may not be a feasible solution to the farmer. Not every farmer wants additional chloride or fluoride added to the water due to the effect on both humans and livestock. These tradeoffs should be addressed in the feasibility assessment. The farmer might prefer a filtration system, but the cost of that solution might not be practicable. The entrepreneur should identify and assess alternative solutions to find one that is most cost-effective and feasible to the customer.

Step 4: Implement

To implement is the step in which the solution to the problem is tested and evaluated. The entrepreneur walks through the planned implementation with the client and tests each part of the solution, if a service, or thoroughly tests a developed good. The entrepreneur implements the solution and goes through a structured system of follow-up to ensure the solution remains effective and viable. In the water example, the solution would be reducing runoff from toxic insecticides by adding prairie strips, buffers of grass, and vegetation along banks of streams.

Step 5: Evaluate

To evaluate is the step in which the final solution is assessed. This is a very important step that entrepreneurs often overlook. Any fallacy in the implementation of the product or service is reassessed, and new solutions are implemented. A continual testing process may be needed to find the final solution. The prairie strips, buffers of grass, and vegetation along banks of streams chosen in the farming water example should then be analyzed and tested to ensure the chosen solution changed the content of the water.

ARE YOU READY?

Implementing Creative Problem Solving

Removing waste is a problem, and it can also present an entrepreneurial opportunity. Try to examine ways in which waste products that you usually pay to have hauled away can now generate revenue. Whether it’s recycling aluminum cans or cardboard, or garbage that could be used to feed animals, your task is to come up with solutions to this entrepreneurial-oriented problem.

• Try following the first step of the creative problem-solving process and clearly identify the problem.
• Next, gather data and formulate the challenge.
• Then, explore ideas and come up with solutions.
• Develop a plan of action.
• Finally, note how you would evaluate the effectiveness of your solution.

Using Creativity to Solve Problems

Entrepreneurs are faced with solving many problems as they develop their ideas for filling gaps, whether those opportunities involve establishing a new company or starting a new enterprise within an existing company. Some of these problems include staffing, hiring and managing employees, handling legal compliance, funding, marketing, and paying taxes. Beyond the mundane activities listed, the entrepreneur, or the team that the entrepreneur puts in place, is indispensable in maintaining the ongoing creativity behind the product line or service offered. Innovation and creativity in the business are necessary to expand the product line or develop a groundbreaking service.

It is not necessary for the entrepreneur to feel isolated when it comes to finding creative solutions to a problem. There are societies, tools, and new methods available to spur the creativity of the entrepreneur that will further support the success and expansion of a new enterprise. 14 Learning and using entrepreneurial methods to solve problems alleviates the stress many startup owners feel. The entrepreneur’s creativity will increase using collaborative methodologies. Some entrepreneurial collaborative methodologies include crowdsourcing, brainstorming, storyboarding, conducting quick online surveys to test ideas and concepts, and team creativity activities.

Crowdsourcing

Professor Daren Brabham at the University of Southern California has written books on crowdsourcing and touts its potential in for-profit and not-for-profit business sectors. He defines it simply as “an online, distributed problem-solving and production model.” 15 Crowdsourcing involves teams of amateurs and nonexperts working together to form a solution to a problem. 16 The idea, as cbsnews.com’s Jennifer Alsever has put it, is to “tap into the collective intelligence of the public at large to complete business-related tasks that a company would normally either perform itself or outsource to a third-party provider. Yet free labor is only a narrow part of crowdsourcing's appeal. More importantly, it enables managers to expand the size of their talent pool while also gaining deeper insight into what customers really want. The challenge is to take a cautionary approach to the ‘wisdom of the crowd,’ which can lead to a ‘herd’ mentality.” 17

LINK TO LEARNING

Read this article that discusses what crowdsourcing is, how to use it, and its benefits for more information.

This new business prototype, similar to outsourcing, features an enterprise posting a problem online and asking for volunteers to consider the problem and propose solutions. Volunteers earn a reward, such as prize money, promotional materials like a T-shirt, royalties on creative outlets like photos or designs, and in some cases, compensation for their labor. Before proposing the solution, volunteers learn that the solutions become the intellectual property of the startup posting the problem. The solution is then mass-produced for profit by the startup that posted the problem. 18 The process evolves into the crowdsourcing process after the enterprise mass produces and profits from the labor of the volunteers and the team. Entrepreneurs should consider that untapped masses have solutions for many issues for which agendas do not yet exist. Crowdsourcing can exploit those agendas and add to the tools used to stimulate personal creativity. This type of innovation is planned and strategically implemented for profit.

For example, Bombardier held a crowdsourced innovation contest to solicit input on the future of train interiors, including seat design and coach class interior. A corporate jury judged the submissions, with the top ten receiving computers or cash prizes. Companies are often constrained, however, by internal rules limiting open source or external idea sourcing, as they could be accused of “stealing” an idea. While crowdsourcing outside of software can be problematic, some products such as MakerBot’s 3D printers, 3DR’s drones, and Jibo’s Social Robot have used developer kits and “makers” to help build a community and stimulate innovation from the outside.

WORK IT OUT

A Crowdsourced Potato Chip

In an effort to increase sales among millennials, PepsiCo turned to crowdsourcing to get new flavor ideas for their Lay’s potato chips (called Walker’s in the UK). Their 2012 campaign, “Do Us a Flavor,” was so successful that they received over 14 million submissions. The winner was Cheesy Garlic Bread, which increased their potato chip sales by 8 percent during the first three months after the launch.

• What are some other products that would work well for a crowdsourced campaign contest?
• What items wouldn’t work well?

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk is an online crowdsourcing platform that allows individuals to post tasks for workers to complete. In many instances, these tasks are compensated, but the payment can be less than one dollar per item completed. Mechanical Turk is one of the largest and most well-known crowdsourcing platforms, but there are a number of other more niche ones as well that would apply to smaller markets. In the case of innovation contests and outsourced tasks from corporations, those tasks may be hosted internally by the corporation.

Brainstorming

Brainstorming is the generation of ideas in an environment free of judgment or dissension with the goal of creating solutions. Brainstorming is meant to stimulate participants into thinking about problem-solving in a new way. Using a multifunctional group, meaning participants come from different departments and with different skill sets, gives entrepreneurs and support teams a genuine chance to suggest and actualize ideas. The group works together to refine and prototype potential solutions to a problem.

Brainstorming is a highly researched and often practiced technique for the development of innovative solutions. One of the more successful proponents of brainstorming is the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF faces unique problems of solving resource problems for mothers and children in underdeveloped nations. See how UNICEF practices brainstorming to solve problems including child survival, gender inclusion, refugee crises, education, and others.

The setting for a brainstorming session should remain as informal and relaxed as possible. The group needs to avoid standard solutions. All ideas are welcome and listed and considered with no censorship and with no regard to administrative restrictions. All team members have an equal voice. The focus of brainstorming is on quantity of ideas rather than on the ideal solution provided in every suggestion. A classic entrepreneurial brainstorming activity, as popularized by business software developer Strategyzer, is known as the “silly cow” exercise. Teams come up with ideas for new business models pertaining to a cow, with the results often outrageous, ranging from sponsored cows to stroking cows for therapeutic release. Participants are asked to identify some aspect of a cow and develop three business models around that concept in a short time period, typically two minutes or fewer. The activity is designed to get creative juices flowing.

Watch this video from ABC’s Nightline that shows how IDEO designed a new shopping cart for an example of a design process that involves brainstorming.

Storyboarding

Storyboarding is the process of presenting an idea in a step-by-step graphic format, as Figure 3.3.4 shows. This tool is useful when the entrepreneur is attempting to visualize a solution to a problem. The steps to the solution of a problem are sketched and hung in graphic format. Once the original graphic is placed, images of steps working toward a solution are added, subtracted, and rearranged on a continual basis, until the ultimate solution emerges in the ultimate graphic format. For many years, entrepreneurs have used this process to create a pre-visual for various media sequences.

Team Creativity

Team creativity is the process whereby an entrepreneur works with a team to create an unexpected solution for an issue or challenge. Teams progress through the same creative problem-solving process described already: clarify, ideate, develop, implement, and evaluate. The main advantage of team creativity is the collaboration and support members receive from one another. Great teams trust in other team members, have diverse members with diverse points of view, are cohesive, and have chemistry.

Team members should work in a stress-free and relaxing environment. Reinforcement and expansion of ideas in the team environment motivates the team to continually expand horizons toward problem solution. A small idea in a team may spark the imagination of a team member to an original idea. Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder of Facebook, once said, “The most important thing for you as an entrepreneur trying to build something is, you need to build a really good team. And that’s what I spend all my time on.” 19

ENTREPRENEUR IN ACTION

Taaluma Totes 20

Young entrepreneurs Jack DuFour and Alley Heffern began to notice the beautiful fabrics that came from the different countries they visited. The entrepreneurs thought about what could be done with the fabrics to create employment opportunities both in the country from which the fabric originated and in their home base of Virginia. They decided to test producing totes from the fabrics they found and formed Taaluma Totes (Figure 3.3.5). DuFour and Heffern also wanted to promote the production of these fabrics and help underserved populations in countries where the fabric originated maintain a living or follow a dream.

The team continued to test the process and gathered original fabrics, which they sent to Virginia to create totes. They trained individuals with disabilities in Virginia to manufacture the totes, thus serving populations in the United States. The entrepreneurs then decided to take 20 percent of their profits and make microloans to farmers and small business owners in the countries where the fabric originated to create jobs there. Microloans are small loans, below $50,000, which certain lenders offer to enterprising startups. These startups, for various reasons (they are in poor nations, at the poverty level), can’t afford a traditional loan from a major bank. The lenders offer business support to the borrower, which in turn helps the borrower repay the microloan. The microloans from Taaluma are repaid when the borrower is able. Repayments are used to buy more fabric, completing Taaluma’s desire to serve dual populations. If the process proved unsuccessful, the co-owners would revise the process to meet the plan’s requirements.

DuFour and Heffern now have fabrics from dozens of countries from Thailand to Ecuador. The totes are specialized with features to meet individual needs. The product line is innovated regularly and Taaluma Totes serves a dual purpose of employing persons with disabilities in Virginia and creating employment for underserved populations in other countries.

The Seven Essential Steps of the Problem Solving Cycle

• Post author By bicycle-u
• Post date 08.12.2023

Problem solving is an essential skill that can be applied to various aspects of life, including work, relationships, and personal challenges. To effectively solve a problem, it is important to follow a systematic approach that ensures all aspects of the problem are considered and addressed. This approach is often referred to as the problem solving cycle, which consists of several key steps: identify, analyze, implement, review, and adjust.

Identify the problem: The first step in the problem solving cycle is to clearly identify the problem. This involves recognizing and defining the issue at hand, as well as understanding its causes and potential consequences. It is essential to gather all relevant information and data to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem.

Analyze the problem: Once the problem is identified, the next step is to analyze it in detail. This involves examining the different factors and variables that contribute to the problem and understanding their relationships. An effective analysis requires critical thinking and the ability to objectively evaluate the information gathered.

Implement a solution: After analyzing the problem, it is time to develop and implement a solution. This step involves brainstorming and generating possible solutions, evaluating their feasibility, and selecting the most appropriate one. It is important to plan and organize the implementation process to ensure a smooth execution.

Review the results: Once the solution has been implemented, it is necessary to review the results. This step involves evaluating the effectiveness of the solution in solving the problem and achieving the desired outcome. It may require gathering feedback, conducting experiments, or analyzing data to assess the success of the solution.

Adjust the solution: Based on the results of the review, it may be necessary to make adjustments to the solution. This step involves identifying any shortcomings or areas for improvement and making the necessary modifications. It is important to be flexible and open to change, as problem solving is an iterative process that may require multiple adjustments.

By following these steps in the problem solving cycle, individuals and teams can effectively address and resolve a wide range of problems. It is important to note that problem solving is not a linear process, and often requires going back and forth between the steps. It is a continuous cycle of decision-making and evaluation, where each iteration brings new insights and opportunities for improvement. With practice and experience, problem solving becomes a valuable skill that can be applied to any situation.

What is the Problem Solving Cycle?

The problem solving cycle is a systematic process that helps individuals or teams solve problems effectively and efficiently. It provides a structured approach to problem solving by breaking down the process into several steps. By following these steps, the problem solver can analyze the problem, make a decision, implement a solution, evaluate the results, and then repeat the cycle as needed to achieve the desired outcome.

The first step in the problem solving cycle is to analyze the problem. This involves gathering information, identifying the root cause of the problem, and understanding the impact it has on the overall situation. By thoroughly analyzing the problem, the problem solver can gain a deeper insight into the issue at hand.

Once the problem has been analyzed, the next step is to make a decision on how to solve it. This involves considering various options, weighing the pros and cons, and selecting the best course of action. The decision should be based on careful consideration of the available information and potential outcomes.

After a decision has been made, it is time to implement the chosen solution. This step involves putting the plan into action and executing the necessary steps to solve the problem. It may require collaboration with others, allocation of resources, and coordination of efforts to ensure smooth implementation.

Once the solution has been implemented, it is important to evaluate the results. This involves assessing whether the chosen solution has effectively solved the problem and achieved the desired outcome. The problem solver should compare the actual results to the expected results and identify any gaps or areas for improvement.

If the desired outcome has not been achieved, the problem solver should repeat the problem solving cycle. This may involve re-analyzing the problem, making a new decision, implementing a different solution, and evaluating the results again. Continuous improvement is key in problem solving, and repeating the cycle allows for refinement and adjustment.

To ensure successful problem solving, it is important to monitor the progress of the solution and review the entire process. By monitoring the implementation, the problem solver can identify any issues or obstacles that may arise and make adjustments as necessary. Regular reviews of the problem solving cycle also help to identify any areas where the process can be improved for future problem solving.

In conclusion, the problem solving cycle is a structured approach to effectively solve problems. By following the steps of analyze, decide, implement, evaluate, repeat, monitor, and review, problem solvers can navigate through challenges and achieve desired outcomes. The problem solving cycle is a continuous process that promotes learning and improvement, allowing individuals and teams to become more effective problem solvers over time.

Step 1: Identify the Problem

To effectively solve a problem, the first step is to identify it. This involves closely monitoring the situation and evaluating any potential issues that arise. By clearly identifying the problem, you can then move on to implementing strategies to address it.

Monitoring and Evaluation

Regularly monitoring and evaluating the current situation is crucial in identifying problems. This can involve gathering data, observing patterns, and identifying any discrepancies or anomalies. By closely analyzing the information gathered, you can gain a clearer understanding of the issues at hand.

Implementation and Adjustment

Once a problem has been identified, it’s important to implement appropriate solutions. This may involve making decisions and taking action to address the problem directly. However, it’s essential to be flexible and willing to adjust your approach as needed. Sometimes, the initial solution might not fully resolve the problem, and further adjustments are necessary.

By continuously analyzing and evaluating the results of implemented solutions, you can determine if any additional adjustments need to be made. This iterative process allows for continuous improvement and ensures that the problem-solving cycle is effective and efficient.

Remember that problem-solving is not a one-time task. It’s a cyclical process that involves identifying problems, implementing solutions, and continuously monitoring and evaluating the results. By repeating this cycle, you can make informed decisions and effectively address any problems that arise.

Step 2: Gather Information

In the problem-solving cycle, the second step is to gather information. This step is crucial in making an informed decision. It involves collecting relevant data, facts, and details that will help in understanding the problem.

To gather information effectively, you need to identify and review all available sources. This may include conducting interviews, consulting experts, and researching credible books, articles, or websites. It is important to monitor the information gathered and evaluate its quality and relevance.

Once you have gathered the necessary information, the next step is to analyze it. This involves identifying patterns, trends, or potential causes of the problem. You may need to adjust your approach or gather additional information if new insights emerge during the analysis phase.

Remember that the problem-solving cycle is not a linear process, but rather a continuous loop. After analyzing the information, you may need to repeat the gather information step to fill any gaps or clarify any uncertainties. It is important to remember that gathering information is an ongoing process that should be done throughout the problem-solving cycle.

Overall, the gather information step plays a critical role in problem-solving. It helps in identifying and understanding the problem, as well as developing effective strategies for solving it. By monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting the information gathered, you can make well-informed decisions and increase the likelihood of finding successful solutions.

Step 3: Analyze the Problem

Once you have defined the problem and gathered relevant data, it is crucial to thoroughly analyze the problem. This step involves closely examining the information you have gathered and identifying the root cause of the problem.

To analyze the problem effectively, you need to monitor, evaluate, and review the data you have collected. Look for patterns, connections, and underlying factors that may be contributing to the problem.

Analyzing the problem also involves making decisions based on the information you have collected. This may include identifying possible solutions or alternative approaches.

During the analysis phase, it is important to implement any necessary adjustments or changes to your original problem-solving plan. This may involve modifying your strategies, reallocating resources, or reconsidering your initial assumptions.

Identifying the root cause of the problem is critical for finding effective solutions. By thoroughly analyzing the problem, you can gain a deeper understanding of its underlying causes and develop informed strategies for resolving it.

To summarize, step 3 in the problem-solving cycle involves analyzing the problem through monitoring, evaluating, and reviewing the collected data. It also includes making decisions, implementing adjustments, and identifying the root cause of the problem. By taking the time to analyze the problem thoroughly, you can develop effective solutions and improve overall problem-solving outcomes.

Step 4: Generate Possible Solutions

In this step, it is important to identify and evaluate different possible solutions for the problem at hand. It is crucial to approach this step with a systematic and creative mindset.

First, analyze the problem and gather all relevant information. This will help you understand the root causes and key factors contributing to the problem. Once you have a solid understanding of the problem, brainstorm possible solutions.

During the brainstorming process, keep an open mind and generate as many potential solutions as possible. Encourage collaboration and involve team members or colleagues to come up with creative and innovative ideas.

Next, review each potential solution and evaluate its feasibility, effectiveness, and potential impact. Consider the resources, time, and effort required to implement each solution. It is important to weigh the pros and cons of each solution and prioritize them based on their potential to solve the problem.

Once you have evaluated all potential solutions, make a decision on which solutions to implement. Remember to consider factors such as cost, time constraints, and potential risks. You may also want to consult with stakeholders or experts before making a final decision.

After making the decision, it is crucial to monitor the implementation of the chosen solution. Regularly review the progress and make adjustments as necessary. If the solution is not producing the desired results, you may need to repeat the problem-solving cycle and generate new solutions.

Finally, once the solution has been successfully implemented and the problem has been resolved, it is important to document the entire problem-solving process. This will help in future problem-solving efforts and provide a reference for similar problems that may arise in the future.

Step 5: Evaluate the Solutions

Once you have identified potential solutions and implemented them, it is important to evaluate their effectiveness. This step allows you to analyze the outcomes of the decisions made and determine whether they have solved the problem or improved the situation at hand.

To evaluate the solutions, you should:

• Analyze the results: Take the time to review the outcomes of the implemented solutions. Assess whether they have achieved the desired goals and objectives. Look at both the quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the effectiveness.
• Monitor the progress: Keep track of how the solutions are performing over time. This step is crucial as it allows you to ensure that the solutions continue to yield positive results and make the necessary adjustments if needed.
• Repeat if necessary: If the initial solution did not produce the desired outcome, you may need to repeat the problem-solving cycle. This means identifying new potential solutions and implementing them to address the remaining issues.
• Evaluate and review: Once you have monitored the progress and repeated the cycle if necessary, it is important to conduct a final evaluation and review. Compare the current situation to the initial problem and assess how much progress has been made. Determine whether the solutions have fully addressed the problem, or if further action is required.

Evaluating the solutions allows you to learn from the problem-solving process and make informed decisions for future situations. It helps you identify what worked and what did not, enabling you to improve your problem-solving skills and approach in the future.

Step 6: Choose the Best Solution

Once you have generated multiple potential solutions to the problem, it is time to choose the best one. This step requires a careful decision-making process based on an analysis of the potential solutions. Here are six key steps to follow in this stage:

• Review : Review all the potential solutions identified during the previous steps.
• Analyze : Analyze each solution in terms of its feasibility, cost, time requirements, and potential risks.
• Monitor : Monitor and gather additional information about each solution to make an informed decision.
• Implement : Implement the chosen solution and put it into action.
• Evaluate : Evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented solution by comparing it to the desired outcome.
• Repeat : If the solution does not meet the desired outcome, repeat the problem-solving cycle to identify and choose a better solution.

By following these steps, you can ensure that you choose the best solution to solve the problem at hand.

Step 7: Create a Plan

Once you have reviewed the information gathered and analyzed the results, it is time to create a plan for solving the problem. This step involves implementing specific actions and making decisions based on the identified solutions.

To create a plan, start by identifying the best solution or combination of solutions that will address the problem effectively. Consider the resources available, the feasibility of each solution, and the potential outcomes.

Once you have identified the solution, outline the steps that need to be taken to implement it. This may involve breaking down the solution into smaller tasks and assigning responsibilities to team members or individuals. It is important to set clear deadlines and milestones to track progress.

As you implement the plan, it is crucial to monitor the progress and make any necessary adjustments along the way. Keep a close eye on the results and gather feedback to ensure that the plan is working effectively. If changes need to be made, adjust the plan accordingly to address any challenges or unforeseen obstacles.

After implementing the plan, it is important to analyze the results and evaluate the success of the solution. Did it solve the problem as intended? Were there any unexpected outcomes? This analysis will help in identifying any improvements that can be made.

Lastly, remember that problem solving is an iterative process. If the solution did not fully resolve the problem, go back to previous steps and repeat the cycle. Continuously monitor and review the situation to ensure that the problem is fully resolved and all stakeholders are satisfied with the outcome.

Key Points:

• Identify the best solution or combination of solutions
• Outline the steps for implementation
• Monitor progress and make adjustments
• Analyze the results and evaluate success
• Repeat the problem-solving cycle if necessary

Step 8: Implement the Plan

After carefully analyzing the problem and coming up with a feasible solution, it is time to implement the plan. This is where all the previous steps come together, and the proposed solution is put into action.

During the implementation phase, it is crucial to closely monitor the progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan. This involves regularly reviewing the actions taken and the results achieved. Any deviations or issues that arise during the implementation phase should be identified and addressed promptly.

To effectively implement the plan, it is important to have a well-defined process and clear guidelines in place. This helps in ensuring that everyone involved understands their roles and responsibilities and is working towards the common goal.

Throughout the implementation phase, it is essential to constantly analyze the data and information collected, as it helps in making informed decisions and adjustments if necessary. By monitoring the progress, reviewing the results, and analyzing the feedback received, it becomes easier to identify any shortcomings or areas for improvement.

Once the plan has been implemented, it is important to evaluate its effectiveness. This can be done by comparing the actual outcomes with the desired outcomes. If the desired outcomes have been achieved, it is a sign that the plan was successful. However, if the desired outcomes have not been achieved, it is necessary to repeat the problem-solving cycle and review the plan to make necessary adjustments.

In conclusion, implementing the plan involves closely monitoring the progress, evaluating the outcomes, and making any necessary adjustments. By carefully analyzing the data and feedback, it becomes easier to identify any areas for improvement and make informed decisions. The implementation phase plays a crucial role in the problem-solving cycle, as it brings the proposed solution to life and determines its effectiveness.

Step 9: Monitor the Progress

Once you have implemented your decision, it is important to monitor the progress and evaluate the results. Monitoring involves regularly reviewing the situation to ensure that the chosen solution is being implemented properly and is achieving the desired outcomes.

During the monitoring phase, you need to keep a close eye on how well the implemented solution is working. This involves reviewing the data and analyzing the results to determine if any adjustments need to be made. It is important to track key performance indicators and compare them to the expected outcomes.

Monitoring also involves reviewing the overall process to ensure that all steps were followed correctly and that there were no deviations or errors. This helps to identify any areas where improvements can be made and allows for adjustments to be made as needed.

Regular review and monitoring of the progress allows you to determine if the implemented solution is effective and if any changes need to be made. It helps to ensure that the problem-solving process is successful and that the desired outcomes are being achieved.

Monitoring the progress is an ongoing process. If the desired outcomes are not being achieved, you may need to repeat certain steps of the problem-solving cycle. This could include re-analyzing the situation, making adjustments to the implementation, or revisiting the decision-making process.

In conclusion, monitoring the progress is a crucial step in the problem-solving cycle. It allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of your decisions and make any necessary adjustments. By regularly reviewing and monitoring the progress, you can ensure that the problem-solving process is successful and that the desired outcomes are being achieved.

Step 10: Reflect on the Outcome

After implementing the solution, it is crucial to review and evaluate the outcome. This step allows you to analyze whether the chosen solution effectively addressed the problem or if adjustments are necessary.

Monitor and Evaluate

Continuously monitor the situation to gather data and feedback on the implemented solution. This information will help evaluate the effectiveness of the solution in solving the problem.

Analyze the Results

Analyze the collected data to determine the success of the implemented solution. Look for patterns, trends, and key metrics to gain insights into the outcome.

Make Informed Decision

Based on the analysis, make an informed decision on what adjustments need to be made. Consider the feedback, analyze the data, and use critical thinking to determine the best course of action.

Remember that problem-solving is an iterative process. If adjustments are necessary, repeat the problem-solving cycle with the updated information and insights gained from the reflection process.

Step 11: Make Adjustments

Once you have implemented your decision and solution, it is important to monitor, adjust, and review the results. This step allows you to analyze the effectiveness of your solution and identify any areas that may need improvement.

Monitoring involves regularly checking and evaluating the outcomes of your decision. This can be done by collecting data, reviewing feedback, and observing the impact of your solution. By doing so, you can identify any issues or obstacles that may have arisen and make adjustments accordingly.

Adjustments may involve modifying or fine-tuning your solution based on the insights gained from monitoring. This could mean making changes to the implementation process, revising certain aspects of the solution, or addressing any unexpected issues that have arisen. The goal is to continuously improve and refine your solution to achieve the desired outcomes.

After making adjustments, it is important to review the results and evaluate the effectiveness of your solution. This can involve comparing the actual outcomes with the expected outcomes, assessing the impact on the problem or situation, and gathering feedback from relevant stakeholders. By doing so, you can determine whether further adjustments are needed or if the problem has been successfully resolved.

Overall, the step of making adjustments is critical in the problem-solving cycle as it allows you to analyze, identify areas for improvement, and continually evaluate the effectiveness of your solution. By monitoring, adjusting, reviewing, and evaluating, you can ensure that you are on the right track towards solving the problem at hand.

Step 12: Communicate the Solution

Communication is a vital step in the problem-solving process. Once a decision has been made and the solution implemented, it is crucial to effectively communicate the solution to all relevant stakeholders.

Firstly, it is important to identify the appropriate individuals or groups who need to be informed about the solution. This may include team members, supervisors, clients, or other departments within the organization.

Once the key stakeholders have been identified, it is necessary to adjust the communication approach based on their preferences and needs. Some individuals may prefer a formal written report, while others may prefer a face-to-face meeting or a presentation. By tailoring the communication method, the solution can be effectively delivered and understood.

During the communication process, it is essential to review and monitor the recipients’ responses and reactions. This will help to identify any potential misunderstandings or concerns. By actively listening and addressing any issues or questions, the solution’s effectiveness can be enhanced.

Moreover, it is important to analyze the impact of the solution and evaluate its success. By gathering feedback and data, it is possible to assess if the solution has achieved the desired outcome. This evaluation phase will inform future decision-making processes.

The final step in the problem-solving cycle is to repeat the communication process as necessary. By continuously communicating the solution and its outcomes, the organization can ensure that all stakeholders are informed and engaged.

In conclusion, effective communication is a critical component of the problem-solving cycle. By identifying the relevant stakeholders, adjusting the communication approach, reviewing recipient responses, analyzing the solution’s impact, and repeating the communication process, organizations can successfully communicate the solution and its outcomes.

Step 13: Document the Process

Documenting the process is a crucial step in the problem-solving cycle. It allows you to review and analyze the steps taken throughout the cycle, monitor the progress and success of the implemented solutions, and make adjustments if necessary.

When documenting the process, it is important to record all the decisions made, the actions taken to implement the solutions, and the outcomes of those decisions and actions. This documentation can serve as a reference for future problem-solving endeavors, helping to identify patterns and trends that may arise.

By documenting the process, you can evaluate the effectiveness of the solutions implemented and identify any areas for improvement. It provides a comprehensive record of the problem-solving journey, allowing you to learn from past experiences and make more informed decisions in future problem-solving situations.

Furthermore, documenting the process ensures that all stakeholders have visibility into the problem-solving cycle and the steps taken to address the problem. This transparency promotes accountability and collaboration, as it allows others to understand the rationale behind the decisions made and the actions taken.

In summary, documenting the process is an essential step in the problem-solving cycle. It allows for the review, analysis, monitoring, adjustment, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation of solutions. By documenting the process, you can identify areas for improvement and foster collaboration among stakeholders.

Step 14: Celebrate Success

After going through the entire problem solving cycle, it is important to take the time to celebrate success. This step allows individuals and teams to reflect and acknowledge the achievements and progress made towards solving the problem.

To celebrate success, it is important to review the problem solving process and identify the successes and accomplishments along the way. This can include the decisions made, adjustments implemented, and the monitoring and evaluation processes carried out to ensure progress was being made.

Review and Adjust

• Review the steps taken during problem solving.
• Identify any areas that could be adjusted or improved upon.
• Make necessary adjustments to improve future problem solving processes.

Celebrate Achievements

• Recognize the decisions that were made and the impact they had.
• Identify the positive outcomes and results that were achieved.
• Highlight the efforts and contributions of individuals and teams.

Celebrating success not only provides closure to the problem solving cycle, but it also boosts morale and motivation for future problem solving endeavors. It allows individuals and teams to see the value of their efforts and encourages continuous improvement in problem solving processes.

Step 15: Learn from Failure

In the problem-solving cycle, learning from failure is a crucial step. It involves reflecting on past experiences and analyzing the decision-making process to identify areas for improvement. By acknowledging and understanding failures, individuals and teams can repeat the problem-solving cycle more effectively and increase the chances of success in future endeavors.

When faced with failure, it is important to adjust and adapt strategies accordingly. This may involve revisiting the initial problem-solving steps such as monitoring the situation, identifying alternative solutions, implementing changes, and evaluating the outcomes.

Learning from failure also requires a thorough review of the problem-solving process. This involves identifying any gaps or weaknesses in the decision-making process and taking corrective actions. By analyzing the root causes of failure, individuals and teams can learn valuable lessons that can contribute to future success.

One way to learn from failure is to engage in open and honest discussions. By discussing failures and sharing insights among team members, individuals can gain different perspectives and approaches to problem-solving. This can lead to new ideas and improved decision-making strategies.

In conclusion, learning from failure is an essential step in the problem-solving cycle. It allows individuals and teams to reflect on past experiences, adjust strategies, monitor progress, identify areas for improvement, implement changes, evaluate outcomes, and review the decision-making process. By embracing failure as a learning opportunity, individuals and teams can enhance their problem-solving skills and increase their chances of success in future endeavors.

Step 16: Continuous Improvement

Continuous improvement is an essential part of the problem-solving cycle. After implementing a solution and seeing results, it’s important to review and evaluate the outcome. This step allows you to determine if the implemented solution has effectively addressed the problem or if further adjustments need to be made.

To monitor the effectiveness of the solution, you should gather data and analyze it to identify any areas where the solution may be falling short. Use this information to understand the impact of your decision and make any necessary adjustments.

Continuous improvement is an iterative process. If the initial solution does not fully resolve the problem, you may need to repeat certain steps in the problem-solving cycle. This could involve revisiting the problem statement, conducting further analysis, or exploring alternative solutions.

By continuously evaluating and adjusting your solutions, you can ensure that you are addressing the root cause of the problem and making progress towards a long-term resolution. This approach allows you to implement improvements over time and drive meaningful change.

Step 17: Repeat the Process

Once you have implemented a decision and taken action to solve the problem, it is important to monitor and evaluate the results. This step involves reviewing the outcomes of your actions to determine if they have effectively addressed the problem.

During the monitoring and evaluation phase, it is essential to identify any potential gaps or areas for improvement. You should systematically review the process and outcomes to ensure that the problem has been fully resolved.

If the problem persists or new issues arise, you may need to repeat the problem-solving cycle. This means going back to Step 1 to identify and define the problem once again. By repeating the process, you can adjust your actions and decisions accordingly.

Continuously monitoring, evaluating, and reviewing the problem-solving cycle allows for ongoing improvement and ensures that any changes made are effective in addressing the problem. This iterative approach helps to refine your problem-solving skills and increase the likelihood of finding successful solutions.

Remember, problem-solving is not a one-time event, but an ongoing process. By repeating the cycle and adjusting your strategies as needed, you can confront and overcome a wide range of challenges.

Questions and answers:

What is the problem solving cycle.

The problem solving cycle is a systematic approach to addressing and resolving problems. It involves a series of steps that guide individuals or teams through the process of identifying, analyzing, and finding solutions to problems.

What is the importance of the problem solving cycle?

The problem solving cycle is important because it provides a structured approach for individuals or teams to address and resolve problems effectively. It helps in breaking down complex problems into manageable parts, encourages creative thinking for generating solutions, and promotes a systematic approach to decision-making. By following a problem solving cycle, individuals or teams can increase their chances of finding effective solutions and improve their problem-solving skills in general.

Can the problem solving cycle be applied to any type of problem?

Yes, the problem solving cycle can be applied to a wide range of problems. Whether it’s a personal problem, a work-related issue, or a complex organizational challenge, the problem solving cycle can provide a structured framework for addressing and resolving the problem effectively. However, it is important to adapt the steps according to the specific nature and context of the problem being addressed.

What is the problem-solving cycle?

The problem-solving cycle is a systematic process that individuals or groups can follow to solve problems effectively.

What are the steps in the problem-solving cycle?

The steps in the problem-solving cycle include identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, generating potential solutions, evaluating the solutions, selecting the best solution, implementing the solution, and reviewing the results.

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by TickTick

PDCA Cycle Explained: 4 Steps for Continuous Learning and Improvement

The Meaning of PDCA Cycle

PDCA Cycle (also known as PDSA Cycle or Deming Cycle), is a problem-solving method used for the continuous learning and improvement of a process or product. 

There are 4 basic steps in PDCA Cycle:

• Plan : identify a problem and possible solutions
• Do : execute the plan and test the solution(s)
• Check : evaluate the results and lessons learned
• Act : improve the plan/process for better solutions

These four steps incorporate inductive-deductive interplay and have been a simple and scientific approach for problem-solving (process-improving). It follows the curve of how we acquire knowledge through constant reflection, standardization, and modification.

The PDCA framework begins with a planning phase where a problem or a process to be improved is identified. This involves not only the goal setting and finding possible solutions, but also hypothesizing methods that can be used to reach the ultimate goal. Another thing that needs special attention is defining the success metrics. This simply means a clear evaluation matrix is ideally to be set beforehand.

Then, the solution(s) will be tested in the Do process. To detach the Do, there could be two steps: making the Do multiple To-Dos by splitting the task and defining them with a specific time, personnel, and steps, and collecting real-time data and feedback. 

Check includes analyzing the results and comparing them to the hypothesis in the Plan stage: how well the solution worked, how much the goal has been achieved, and whether the methods were proven feasible. If there are any unexpected issues, you may also need to find the causes and possible solutions. Note that there might be forth and back between Do and check.

The Act step closes the cycle, which involves adjustment on the initial goal or solutions and integration of all key learnings by the entire process, to standardize successful parts and avoid error recurrence. In a nutshell, the Act phase summarizes the current cycle and prepares for the next.

However, the PDCA cycle doesn’t stop here. Instead, it can repeat from the beginning with a modified version of the Plan. There is no end to it and sustainability should be its main pitch.

How PDCA Has Evolved

Usually used interchangeably with “PDSA Cycle”, “Deming Cycle”, “Deming wheel”, “Shewhart Cycle” etc, the PDCA model has indeed confronted some misunderstanding and confusion. It remains unexplained in most cases how PDCA became what it is today and what’s the difference between those mysterious terminologies and how they interact. According to Ronald D. Moen & Clifford L. Norman , its evolution could be summarized like the following:

Shewhart cycle (1939): Specification - Production - Inspection . 

He brought up this method from the viewpoint of Quality Control.

Deming Wheel (1950): Design the product - Make the product - Sell it - Test it .

Deming built off the Shewhart cycle and emphasized the four steps should be rotated constantly to aim for the product quality. This has gained increasing popularity when Deming participated in the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE).

PDCA Cycle (the 1950s):  Plan - Do - Check - Act.

A Japanese executive reworked the Deming Wheel and translated it into the PDCA Cycle for problem-solving. PDCA emphasizes more on the establishment of standards during the process and the ongoing modification of those standards. 

Extended PDCA Cycle (1985): Plan - Do - Check - Act .

Kaoru Ishikawa refined the PDCA model to include more steps in the Plan and Do steps: Identify the goals and methods to use; involve in training and education during implementation.

PDSA Cycle (1985): Plan - Do - Study - Act .

Deming claimed that the ownership of PDCA Cycle was never recognized by anyone and the word “check” was used incorrectly because it means “to hold back”. Therefore, he replaced it with “study” to emphasize the importance of the continuous learning-improvement model.

How to Implement - PDCA Examples

Now, you’ve got a clear idea of what the PDCA Cycle is and how it changes over time. As a simple and structured method widely adopted in Quality Control and Total Quality Management, can it also be applied in wider areas, such as personal growth and business development? Yes, I’ll give you a couple of examples.

Benefits of PDCA Cycle

Among all those other methods, why does the PDCA model shade some lights in the history, especially known for the “Japanese Quality” and is still widely used today? Some key benefits of it need to be valued.

PDCA methodology emphasizes minimizing errors and maximizing outcomes. When applied to business development, e.g. a product’s iterations, it could ensure a developing path where the product is shaped better and better to the market and customers. It’s the same when it comes to personal growth. It also leaves space for constant check and reflection, which can avoid wasting time on the mistakes or making the same mistakes.

PDCA framework follows a learning curve and enhances the learning-improvement process continually. This is the key factor defining PDCA as a scientific and methodical way to gain knowledge. With knowledge building up, people’s ability goes up. 

PDCA model encourages a growth mindset. Seeing continuous improvements is a good way to enhance individuals’ self-esteem levels and bring a great sense of accomplishment. People tend to find meaning in the things they do. Imagine if one stops making progress, they would stay in the static and lose meaning in repetitive work and life. 

• PDCA Cycle is a simple and scientific way for problem-solving and process improvement.
• PDCA Cycle involves four key steps: Plan, Do, Check and Act.
• PDCA works slightly differently from Deming Cycle, Shewhart Cycle, and PDSA.
• PDCA Cycle is a never-ending process that can be used on a continual basis.
• PDCA Cycle can be used for quality control, business development, and personal growth.

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