class 10 history nationalism in india case study questions

Case Study Questions Class 10 History -Nationalism In India

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Case study Questions in Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving Case Study Questions Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

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In CBSE Class 10 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Nationalism in India Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: To the altar of this revolution, we have brought our youth as incense’. Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das, and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Du3 threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same year, there was an a3empt to blow up the train that cord Irwin was traveling in. Bhagat Singh was 2: when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify ‘the cult of the bomb and pistol’ but wanted a revolution in society ‘Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The laborer is the real sustainer of society Z To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of the revolution. Inquilab Zindabad

Why Hindustan Socialist Republican Army was formed? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option. (a) To fight against the British colonial rule with the principle of non-violence (b) To fight against British colonial rule in India (c) To achieve independence for the country through an armed rebellion

(d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

(ii) Consider the following statements and find the incorrect from the given options. I. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly. II. Hindustan Socialist Republican Army was based on the principles given by Mahatma Gandhi. III. Bhagat Singh wanted a revolution in the society.

Codes (a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only III (d) Both II and III

Answer: (b) Only II

What lessons does Bhagat Singh’s life have for modern-day India? Identify the correct option. (a) He emphasised on socio-economic changes rather than changing political leaders. (b) He inspired the masses to break social barriers of casteism. (c) He taught people to shed away the fear of British rulers. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

The HSRA and Bhagat Singh focussed on which section of the society to bring a revolution? Identify the correct option. (a) Labourers (b) Leaders (c) Youth (d) Merchants

Answer: (c) Youth

During whose tenure as the Viceroy of India were the great martyrs Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru hanged? Choose the best suitable option. (a) Lord Canning (b) Lord Irwin (c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Curzon

Answer: (b) Lord Irwin

Which of the following were the Revolutionary activities of HSRA? Choose the correct option. (a) Central Assembly Bombing Case. (b) An attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Involved in Lahore Conspiracy Case

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Case Study 2: The chapter “Nationalism in India” in Class 10 History explores the growth of nationalism in India during the colonial period and the various movements and leaders that shaped the Indian independence struggle. It delves into the impact of British colonial rule, the emergence of the Indian National Congress (INC), the role of Mahatma Gandhi, and the significance of the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements. Additionally, it examines the role of various social and religious movements, such as the Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Khilafat Movement, in mobilizing the masses and fostering a sense of unity among Indians.

MCQ Questions:

Which chapter in Class 10 History focuses on the growth of nationalism in India?

a) Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

b) Chapter 3: Nationalism in India

c) Chapter 5: The Age of Industrialization

d) Chapter 7: Print Culture and The Modern World

Answer: b) Chapter 3: Nationalism in India

What is the significance of the Indian National Congress (INC) in the nationalist movement?

a) It promoted violent resistance against British rule.

b) It advocated for the continuation of British colonial rule.

c) It provided a platform for nationalist leaders to voice their demands.

d) It focused solely on religious reforms in India.

Answer: c) It provided a platform for nationalist leaders to voice their demands.

Who is considered as the leader of the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements in India?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru

b) Bhagat Singh

c) Subhash Chandra Bose

d) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: d) Mahatma Gandhi

Which movements played a significant role in mobilizing the masses and fostering unity during the Indian independence struggle?

a) The Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Khilafat Movement

b) The Swadeshi Movement and the Quit India Movement

c) The Non-Aligned Movement and the Dandi March

d) The Green Revolution and the White Revolution

Answer: a) The Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Khilafat Movement

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Nationalism in India Case Study and Passage-Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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Case Based Questions

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Question 1 - Case Based Questions - Chapter 2 Class 10 History - Nationalism in India - History

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the nonBrahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to. The effects of non- cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ` 102 crore to ` 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

But this movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons. khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. how then could they boycott mill cloth for too long similarly the boycott of british institutions posed a problem. for the movement to be successful, alternative indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the british ones. these were slow to come up. so students and teachers began trickling back to government, schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts., what was the purpose of justice party to contest elections to the council in madras select the appropriate option:, (a) it wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to gain some income that usually only brahmans had access to., (b) it wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to gain some power that usually only brahmans had access to., (c) it wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the way to gain more popularity that usually only brahmans had access to., (d) it wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to take revenge from brahmans..

From the paragraph

The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the nonBrahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to.

So, the correct answer is (B) - It wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to gain some power that usually only Brahmans had access to.

Question (ii)

How was the effects of ‘non- cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic, (a) merchants refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade., (b) the merchants imported goods from other countries., (c) the neighbouring countries were offering same goods at cheaper prices., (d) public was not interested in buying foreign goods..

The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ` 102 crore to ` 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

So, the correct answer is (A) - Merchants refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

Question (iii)

The import of foreign cloth between 1921 and 1922 saw changes because:, (a) its value dropped from ` 100 crore to ` 97 crore, (b) its value dropped from ` 201 crore to ` 150 crore, (c) its value dropped from ` 102 crore to ` 57 crore, (d) its value dropped from ` 102 crore to ` 75 crore.

The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ` 102 crore to 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

So, the correct answer is (C) - Its value dropped from 102 crore to 57 crore.

Question (iv)

Thousands of ____________ left government controlled schools and colleges and _______ gave up their legal practices., (a) teachers, judges, (b) headmasters, clerks, (c) students, advocates, (d) students, lawyers.

So, the correct answer is (D) - Students, lawyers

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Nationalism in India Class 10 History Previous Years CBSE Extra Questions

Post last modified: 4 October 2022
Post category: Class 10 Social Science Extra Question

Nationalism in India Previous Years’ Questions: The chapter contains two important events in the freedom struggle – The Non-cooperation Movement and The Civil Disobedience Movement- of India have been covered in the chapter Nationalism in India. Other topics include Khilafat issue, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Simon Commission, different participants in the two major movements. The sense of collective belonging is the last topic in the chapter.

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Visit Playlist on our YouTube Channel for all videos of this chapter ‘Nationalism in India’.

Nationalism in India CBSE Board Questions

Sessions – 2020 -21 & 2021-22.

One Mark Questions

Q. Which of the following was the reason for calling off ‘The Non-Cooperation Movement’ by Gandhiji? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

(A) Pressure from the British Government (B) Second Round Table Conference (C) Gandhiji’s arrest (D) Chauri-Chaura incident

Ans. (D) Chauri-Chaura incident

Q. Which of the following event happened on 31 January, 1930? [Diksha]

(A) Gandhi ji wrote a letter to Lord Irwin. (B) Lahore Session of Congress was concluded. (C) The Salt March was launched by Gandhi ji. (D) All of the above.

Ans. (A) Gandhi ji wrote a letter to Lord Irwin

Q. Who among the following wrote the ‘Vande Mataram’? [2020]

(A) Rabindranath Tagore (B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (C) Abanindranath Tagore (D) Dwarkanath Tagore

Ans. (B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Q. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: [2020]

(i) Coming of Simon Commission to India (ii) Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC (iii) Government of India Act, 1919 (iv) Champaran Satyagraha

Options: (A) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i) (B) (i) – (ii) – (iv) – (iii) (C) (ii) – (iii) – (i) – (iv) (D) (iv) – (iii) – (i) – (ii)

Ans. (D) (iv) – (iii) – (i) – (ii)

Q. Why did the Simon Commission come to India? Identify the correct reason from the following options: [2020]

(A) To control the campaign against the British in cities (B) To look into the functioning of the British (C) To initiate salt law in India (D) To suggest changes in the functioning of the constitutional system in India.

Ans. (D) To suggest changes in the functioning of constitutional system in India

Q. Identify the appropriate reason from the following options, for the nonparticipation of industrial workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement. [2020]

(A) Industrialists were close to the Congress (B) British offered them good salaries (C) They were reluctant to boycott foreign goods (D) Growth of socialism.

Ans. (A) Industrialists were close to the Congress

Q. In which of the following places did Mahatma Gandhi organised Satyagraha for the first time in India? [CBSE 2014]

(a) Dandi (b) Ahmedabad (c) Kheda (d) Champaran

Ans. (d) Champaran

Q. Which one of the following statements is not related to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact? [CBSE 2011]

(a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British. (b) Gandhiji agreed to participate in the Round Table Conference. (c) Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement. (d) The British agreed to release the political prisoners.

Ans. (a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British.

Q. Why did Indians oppose the ‘Simon Commission’? (2020)

Ans . The Commission did not have any Indian member.

Q. Name the two main leaders of ‘Khilafat Committee’ formed in the year 1919. (2020)

Ans. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Q. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers? (2020)

Ans. Because they were not allowed to move out the tea garden.

Q. Who was the author of ‘Hind Swaraj’? [CBSE 2020]

Ans. Mahatma Gandhi was the author of ‘Hind Sawaraj’

Q. Name the author of the novel ‘Anandmath’. [CBSE 2020, 17]

Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay is the author of ‘Anandmath’

Short and Long Questions

Q. How was the Simon commission greeted in India? [CBSE 2021-22]

Simon Commission was constituted to look into the functioning of government in India and suggest constitutional reforms. But it was vehemently opposed by India leaders.

Opposition of Simon Commission

The problem was that the commission didn’t have a single Indian member. They were 7 members but all were whites i.e. the British.
Indians saw it as a violation of their right to self-determination and insult to their self-respect.
When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, the people showed their opposition by greeting with the slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
All parties, including the congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.

Q. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain. [CBSE 2021-22]

Reasons behind calling off the Non-cooperation Movement

The movement had turned violent.
The immediate cause was the Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur. On February 5, 1922 police fired at the people who are agitating in favour of Non-cooperation Movement. The people rebelled against the police and burnt the police station. As a result, 22 policemen were died
Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on 12 February, 1922.

Q. How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain. [2021-22]

Ans. The following were the effects of the First World War on the economic and political situation of India:

(i) More defence budget forcing countries to take war loans.

(ii) Shortages leading to prices doubling between 1913-18.

(iii) The Custom duty and taxes were raised leading to price rise.

(iv) Forced recruitment in to the army led to discontent among the people.

(v) Shortage of food items because of crop failures

(vi) Spread of epidemic leading to death of many people

Q. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of India? (SQP 2021-22)

(i) The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. (ii) Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and college. (iii) Many teachers resigned. (iv) Lawyers gave up their legal practices. (v) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras. (vi) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.

Q. “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement differently.” Justify the statement.

(i) Spread of militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh. (ii) They were against colonial policies. (iii) Their livelihood was affected and their traditional rights were denied. (iv) Their leader Alluri Sitaram Raju was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking. (v) He wanted liberation by the use of force. (vi) The rebels attacked police stations and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. (vii) Any other relevant point

Q. Read the given text and answer the following questions: (SQP 2021-22)

‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active … ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma … ‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-God and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own …’

1. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma?

Ans. Gandhiji adopted nonviolence as a philosophy and an ideal way of life. According to him philosophy of nonviolence is not a weapon of the weak; it is a weapon, which can be tried by all.

2. How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy?

Ans. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will.

3. Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice?

(i) One could win the battle through nonviolence. (ii) This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. (iii) People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.

Q. Why did Gandhiji start Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Ans. The reasons are given below:

(i) Against Rowlatt Act – It was a repressive act. (ii) Jallianwala Bagh incidence – It showed the cruel face of the British government. (iii) Khilafat Andolan – The Khilafat Movement leaders gave their support to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q. Describe the role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Ans. Role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.

(i) Alluri Sitarama Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots.

(ii) The Rebels proclaimed him as an Incarnation of God.

(iii) Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non-cooperation Movement.

(iv) He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.

(v) But at the same time, he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.

(vi) He used Guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.

Q. Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

(i) The Rowlatt Act was effective from 10th March, 1919. In Punjab, the protest movement was vast and strong.

(ii) On 10th April, two renowned leaders of the Congress, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested and were taken to an unknown place.

(iii) A public meeting was held on 13th April at Jallianwala Bagh in a small park enclosed by buildings on all sides to protest against the arrest.

(iv) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park, closed the entrance of the park and commanded his army to fire on the gathered people without any warning.

(v) The firing lasted for ten minutes and sixteen hundred rounds were fired killing about hundreds of people and more than two thousand people were left wounded and unattended.

Q. Explain the meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the Plantation Workers. How did they respond to the call of the Non-cooperation Movement? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

i. Meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the Plantation Workers

For plantation workers in Assam, Swaraj meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

ii. Response to the call of Non-cooperation Movement:

(a) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact, they were rarely given such permission.

(b) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.

(d) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a Railway and Steamer strike, they were caught by the Police and brutally beaten up.

Q. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: (2020)

Source: The Movement in the Towns:

The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boy-and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

1. Explain the role of ‘Justice Party’ in boycotting of council elections. 2. How was the effects of ‘non-cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic? 3. Explain the effect of ‘Boycott’ movement on ‘foreign textile trade’.

1. The Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power—something that usually only Brahmans had access to.

2. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.

3. i. The import of foreign cloth halved.

ii. Merchants & traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

iii. Indian textile mills & handloom went up

Q. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement in 1922? (2020)

Ans. Because the movement was turning violent as was the Chauri-Chaura incident.

Gandhiji felt that the movement was turning violent in many places.
A group of volunteers picketing a liquor shop were beaten by a police officer.
In protest, a group of peasants went to the police station, bolted the door and set the thana ablaze that killed 22 police men.
The incident shocked Gandhiji and he withdrew the movement immediately.

Q. Explain the implications of the ‘First World War’ on the economic and political situation of India. (2020)

Q. explain the effects of first world war on india. [2016], q. how did the ‘first world war’ create a new economic and political situation in india explain with examples. [2016], q. explain any five major problems posed by the first world war in india. [2015], q. describe the role of poor peasantry in the ‘civil disobedience movement.’ (2020).

Ans. The Peasants joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) because the poor peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue but also remission of rent as many had rented land and had been unable to pay the rent during the years of depression and decreasing cash incomes.

When the movement was called off in 1931, without the revenue rates being revised, the Farmers were highly disappointed. In some parts of the country, they launched ‘no rent’ campaign which was not supported by the congress because this might upset the rich peasant and the landlords.

Many of them refused to participate when the movement was re-launched in 1932. These poor peasants joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists.

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Nationalism in india : class 10 history mcq & case study questions, nationalism in india :class 10 history social science mcq & case study questions , multiple choice questions, nationalism in india:objective questions & solutions class 10.

1. click here for class 10 online s.science practice test

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3. click here for class 10 chapter-1 objective questions

Objective questions:

1. Which of the agreement gave seats to the depressed classes in Provincial and Central Legislative council?

किस समझौते ने प्रांतीय और केंद्रीय विधान परिषद में दबे हुए वर्गों को सीटें दीं?

Ans: Poona Pact (पूना समझौता )

2. Which Viceroys announced a vague offer of dominion status for India in October 1929?

किस वायसराय ने अक्टूबर 1929 में भारत के लिए प्रभुत्व की स्थिति की अस्पष्ट पेशकश की घोषणा की?

Ans: Lord Irwin (लार्ड इरविन )

3. Which combination of colours was there in the Swaraj flag designed by Gandhiji in 1921?

Ans: Red,Green and White (लाल ,हरा और उजला )

4. In which region was Dalit participation limited in the civil disobedience movement?

सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन में दलित भागीदारी किस क्षेत्र में सीमित थी?

Ans: Maharashtra & Nagpur (महाराष्ट्र और नागपुर )

5. Why were the Dalits ignored by the congress for a long time?

लंबे समय तक कांग्रेस द्वारा दलितों की उपेक्षा क्यों की गई?

Ans: Fear of offending the sanatanis (सनातनपंथियों को ठुकराने का डर)

6. Which of the Acts did not permit plantation workers to leave the tea gardens without permission?

किस अधिनियम ने बागान श्रमिकों को बिना अनुमति के चाय बागानों को छोड़ने की अनुमति नहीं दी?

Ans: Inland Emigration Act of 1859 (इनलैंड इमिग्रेशन एक्ट 1859)

7. In which year Mahatma gandhi inspired the peasants of Champaran district of Bihar to strugle against the oppressive plantation system?

किस वर्ष महात्मा गाँधी ने बिहार के चंपारण जिले के किसानों को दमनकारी खेती प्रणाली के खिलाफ संघर्ष करने के लिए प्रेरित किया?

8. In which Indian National congress Session, the idea of Non-Cooperation movement was accepted?

किस भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस अधिवेशन में , असहयोग आंदोलन के विचार को स्वीकार किया गया था?

Ans: Calcutta Session (कलकता सत्र )

9.Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement ?

गांधीजी ने असहयोग आंदोलन वापस क्यों लिया ?

Ans: Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent in many places. (गांधीजी को लगा कि आंदोलन कई जगहों पर हिंसक हो रहा है।) / Due to chauri-chaura incident (चौरी-चौरा की घटना के कारण)

10. Why did Nationalist in India tour villages to gather folk songs and legends?

भारत में राष्ट्रवादी लोगों ने लोक गीतों और किंवदंतियों को इकट्ठा करने के लिए गांवों का दौरा क्यों किया

Ans: Nationlists did it because it gave a true picture of traditional culture.

(राष्ट्रवादियों ने ऐसा इसलिए किया क्योंकि इसने पारंपरिक संस्कृति की सच्ची तस्वीर दी)

11. Who wrote "Vande Matram" ? ( "वन्दे मातरम् " की रचना किसने की ?)

Ans: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (बंकिम चन्द्र चटोपाध्याय)

12. The Jalliyawalla bagh incident took place in the city of ...........? (जलियांवाला बाग़ की घटना शहर में हुई थी.....?)

Ans: Amritsar (अमृतसर )

13. When the Jalliyawala bagh incident took place ? ( जलियावाला बाग़ की घटना कब हुई ?)

Ans: 13th april 1919

14. What was the reason for calling off the Non-cooperation Movement by Gandhiji? (गांधीजी द्वारा असहयोग आंदोलन को बंद करने का क्या कारण था?)

Ans:The Chauri-Chauara incident (चौरी-चौरा की घटना )

15. The resolution of Purna Swaraj was adopted at which session.? (पूर्ण स्वराज का संकल्प किस अधिवेशन में अपनाया गया था।)

Ans: Lahore Session (लाहौर अधिवेशन )

16. Why the Simon Commission was boycotted ?(साइमन कमीशन का बहिष्कार क्यों किया गया ?)

Ans: There was no Indian in the commision (आयोग में कोई भारतीय नहीं था)

17. Justice Party of Madras was a party of ........? (जस्टिस पार्टी ऑफ मद्रास .................. की एक पार्टी ?)

Ans: Non-brahmins (गैर -ब्राह्मणों )

18. Who led a peasant movement during the Non-cooperation Movement?(असहयोग आंदोलन के दौरान किसान आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किसने किया?)

Ans: Baba Ramchandra (बाबा रामचंद्र )

19. Baba Ramchandra led a Peasant Movement in Awadh against Whom? (बाबा रामचंद्र ने अवध में किसके खिलाफ किसान आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया?

Ans: The Talukdars (तालुकदारों )

20. By whom was the Swaraj Party formed? (स्वराज पार्टी का गठन किसके द्वारा किया गया था?)

Ans: Motilal Nehru & C.R. Das (मोतीलाल नेहरु और सी.आर. दास

21. With which main demand did the Civil Disobedience Movement start. ?

किस मुख्य माँग के साथ सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन शुरू हुआ। ?

Ans: Abolition of Salt Law (नमक क़ानून का रद्द करना )

22. At which place did Gandhiji make salt out of sea water to defy the salt law?

नमक कानून की अवहेलना करने के लिए गांधीजी ने समुद्री जल से किस स्थान पर नमक बनाया?

Ans: Dandi (दांडी)

23. Who led the Civil Disobedience Movement in Peshawar ?

पेशावर में सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किसने किया?

Ans: Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (खान अब्दुल गफ्फार खान )

24. By what name were the the dalits referred by Gandhiji?

गांधीजी द्वारा दलितों को किस नाम से पुकारते थे ?

Ans: Harijans (हरिजन )

25. When was the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries set up?

इंडियन चैंबर्स ऑफ कॉमर्स एंड इंडस्ट्रीज की स्थापना कब की गई थी?

26. Why did Alluri Sitaran Raju well known? (अल्लूरी सीतारन राजू को क्यों जाना जाता है?)

Ans: He led the militant movement of tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh.(उन्होंने आंध्र प्रदेश में आदिवासी किसानों के उग्रवादी आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया।)

27. Who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930? (1930 में डिप्रेस्ड क्लास एसोसिएशन में दलितों को किसने संगठित किया?)

Ans:Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (डा. भीम राव आंबेडकर )

28. When and who did the end of sati practice in India? (भारत में सती प्रथा का अंत कब और किसने किया ?

Ans: 1929, Lord William bentick (लार्ड विलियम बेंटिक , 1929)

30. When and who founded the Brahmo Samaj? (ब्रह्म समाज की स्थापना कब और किसने किया ?

Ans: 1928, Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1928,(राजा रामोहन राय )

31. When and who founded the Indian National Congress? भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस की स्थापना कब और किसने किया ? )

Ans : 1885, A.O. Hume (1885,ए.ओ. ह्युम )

32. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of the establishment of the Indian National Congress?भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस की स्ठापना के समय भारत का वायसराय कौन था ?

Ans; Lord Dafrin ( लार्ड डफरिन )

33.The Rowlatt Act was enacted with the recommendation of which committee?

किस समिति की अनुशंसा के निमित रालेट एक्ट अधिनियम बनाया गया ?

Ans: Sedition committee ( सेडीशन समिति)

34. Which law was called the law of "neither lawyer, nor appeal nor plea". ?

किस क़ानून को "न वकील, न अपील और न दलील" का क़ानून कहा गया ?

Ans: Rowlatt Act (रालेट एक्ट)

35. Which commission was formed to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

जलियावाला बाग़ हत्याकांड के जांच हेतु किस आयोग का गठन किया गया था ?

Ans: Hunter Commission ( हंटर कमीशन)

36. Who returned the title "Kaiser-e-Hind" in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Bagh massacre?

जलियावाला वाला बाग़ हत्याकांड के विरोध में किसने "कैसर -ए-हिन्द " की उपाधि लौटा दी?

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi (महात्मा गांधी )

37. Who returned the title "Sir" in protest against the Jallianwala Wala Bagh massacre?

जलियावाला वाला बाग़ हत्याकांड के विरोध में किसने "सर " की उपाधि लौटा दी?

Ans: Rabindra Nath Tagore (रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर )

38. Who two leaders led the Khilafat Movement? (खिलाफत आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किन दो नेताओं ने किया?)

Ans: Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali (शौकत अली एवं मुहम्मद अली )

39. "Hind Swaraj" was written by whom ?( "हिंद स्वराज" किसके द्वारा लिखा गया था)

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi (महात्मा गांधी )

40. Why did the Indians oppose Rowlatt Act ? ( भारतीयों ने रौलट एक्ट का विरोध क्यों किया?)

Ans: It gave power to the British to arrest and detain a person without a trail.इसने अंग्रेजों को बिना कोर्ट ट्रायल के व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार करने और हिरासत में रखने की शक्ति दी।

41. By whom was the first image of Bharatmata painated?

भारतमाता की पहली छवि किसके द्वारा चित्रित की गई थी?

Ans: Abindranath Tagore (अविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर)

42. During which movements did the women participate in large numbers for the first time?

किस आंदोलनों के दौरान महिलाओं ने पहली बार बड़ी संख्या में भाग लिया?

Ans: Civil Disobedience Movement (सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन )

43. In which province was the Justice Party established? (जस्टिस पार्टी की स्थापना किस प्रांत में हुई थी ?)

Ans: Madras Province (मद्रास प्रांत )

44. What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh?

आंध्र प्रदेश में गुडेम हिल्स के आदिवासी किसानों द्वारा किस तरह का आंदोलन शुरू किया गया था?

Ans: Militant Gurerrilla Movement (मिलिटेंट गुरिल्ला आंदोलन)

45. When and who formed the Awadh Kisan Sabha?

( अवध किसान सभा का गठन कब और किसने किया ?)

Ans: 1920, Baba ramchandra & Jawahar lal Nehru

46. Where was the "Tin-Kathiya system" used?तीन कठिया पद्वति कहां प्रचलित थी ?

Ans: Champaran (चंपारण )

47. When did the Kakori incident happen? (काकोरी काण्ड की घटना कब हुई ?)

48. Which commission was called the "White Commission"? (किस कमिशन को "गोरे कमीशन " कहा जाता था ?

Ans: Simon Commission (साईमन कमिशन )

49. Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutt and Rajguru were thrown bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in protest of which bill?

भगत सिंह , बटुकेश्वर दत्त और राजगुरु को किस बिल के विरोध में केन्द्रीय लेजिस्लेटिव असेम्बली में बम फेंका था ?

Ans: Public Safety Bill (पब्लिक सेफ्टी बिल)

50. Who was the writer of "The Southern folks "? "दक्षिणी लोग" के लेखक कौन थे?

Ans: Natesha shashtri (नटेशा शास्त्री )

Case Study Questions

Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. Some of these were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes, from industrialists to peasants. The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign. The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule.

Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was, in a way, an ultimatum. If the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March, the letter stated, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign. Irwin was unwilling to negotiate. So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what he meant by swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water

Q. 1. Who was the Viceroy during the Dandi March?

a. Viceroy Lord Irwin

b. Viceroy Lord Dafrin

c. Viceroy Lord Macdonald

D. Viceroy Lord Minto

Q. 2. When Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating Eleven demands?

a. 26 th January 1930

b. 11 th march 1930

c. 12 th march 1931

d. 31 st January 1930

Q. 3. When did Mahatma Gandhi start the Salt March?

a. 12 th April 1930

b. 12 th March 1930

c. 24 th March 1930

d. 6 th April 1930

Q.4. Salt March is also known as ….?

a. Non-cooperation movement

b. Khilaphat Movement

c. Dandi March

d. Quit India Movement

Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits. When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death. He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society. Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate. The dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congress led national movement.

Q. 1. Who participated in the second round table conference on behalf of Congress?

a. Jawahar Lal Nehru

b. Mahatma Gandhi

c. Sardar Patel

d. Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Q.2. Who founded the Depressed Classes Association?

a. Mahatma Gandhi

c. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar

d. C. Rajgoplachari

Q. 3. Why Gandhiji began fast unto death when the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand?

a. Gandhiji was against Ambedkar ideas.

B. British did not accept 11 demands of Gandhiji .

c. the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, separate electorates for dalits.

d. Due to Poona Pact .

Q. 4. Depressed Classes later known as …..?

a. Schedule Caste

b. Schedule Tribe

c. Other backward Class

d. Minorities Class

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CBSE Class 10
CBSE Class 10 Important Questions
CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions
History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India

CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India Important Questions

In India and as in many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. In Chapter 2 of CBSE Class 10 History, students will study the NonCooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements. They will get to explore how Congress sought to develop the national movement, how different social groups participated in the movement, and how nationalism captured the imagination of people from this chapter. These CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India Important Questions are also devised covering these concepts. These questions are of good help for students preparing for the board exams.

Students can find the link to download the PDF version of this CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions of this chapter from this article.

Download CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India Important Questions PDF

Nationalism In India

1 . In the year 1921, Jawaharlal Nehru had designed the Swaraj flag. True or False?

2. Who was a founder member of the Swaraj Party?

A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

B) C.R. Das

C) Maulana Azad

D) Jawahar Lal Nehru

3. If you were a peasant in Uttar Pradesh in 1920, how would you have responded to Gandhiji’s call for Swaraj? Give reasons for your response.

4. Find out about other participants in the National Movement who were captured and put to death by the British. Can you think of a similar example from the national movement in Indo-China (Chapter 2)?

5 . What are the three causes of the Non-cooperation Movement?

6. Define Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of Non-Cooperation?

7 . Why did various classes and groups of Indians participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

8. Some Congress leaders were reluctant to commence the Non-Cooperation Movement. What was the reason for it?

9. Why is the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to an anti-colonial movement? Explain.

10. What were the economic effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

11. “People interpreted the term ‘Swaraj’ in their own ways”. Explain the statement.

12 . Why were the Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act? Explain.

13. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain.

14. What is meant by the idea of “Satyagraha?” Explain.

15 . Write a newspaper report on “Jallianwala Baag Massacre.”

16 . How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India? Explain.

17 . Write a newspaper report on the “Simon Commission.”

18 . List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.

19 . Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

20. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

21. How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with three examples.

22. How did the rich peasants and women take part in Civil Disobedience Movement?

23. Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact’.

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

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Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India.

Case Study Question 1:

Emboldened with this success, Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

(i) Name the act which is being described in the passage. (a) Satyagraha Act (b) Rowlatt Act (c) Government of India Act (d) East India Company Act

(ii) Who opposed this Act? (a) Gandhiji (b) Lord lrwin (c) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Subhas Chandra Bose

(iii) ______ was not a provision of this act. (a) Organisation of Rallies (b) Detention of Political prisoners (c) Curb political activities (d) All of these

(iv) This act was initiated through the efforts of (a) Imperial Legislative council (b) Indian members (c) East India company (d) Gandhiji

Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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Nationalism in India Class 10 Important Questions

Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India In Europe Important Questions and answers cover these topics and help students to understand the concepts better. Students can solve these for practice. They may come across some of these questions in the board exam.

Students can clear their doubts from the chapter by solving these CBSE Class 10 History Important Questions and prepare well for the board exams. The links to download the PDF version of these questions are given in a link in this article.

Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Important Questions

1. What was the Rowlatt Act? (2011 OD)

Answer: Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. In other words, the Act proposed no appeal, no vakil and no daleel.

2. Why was the Rowlatt Act imposed? (2011 D)

Answer: The imposing of the Rowlatt Act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law.

3. In which session of the Indian National Congress was the demand for ‘Puma Swaraj’ formalized? (2012 D)

Answer: Lahore Session, December 1929.

4. Who composed ‘Vande Mataram’? (2012 D)

Answer: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

5. Who created the first image of Bharat Mata? (2012 D)

Answer: Abanindranath Tagore

6. Why was the Khilafat movement started? (2012 OD)

Answer: Khilafat movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali Brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in response to the harsh treatment given to the Caliph of Ottoman empire and the dismemberment of the Ottoman empire by the British.

7. What combination of colours was there in the ‘Swaraj flag’ designed by Gandhiji in 1921? (2012 OD)

Answer: Red, Green and White.

8. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement? (2013 OD)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the movement had turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent dash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles.

9. Which Act did not permit plantation workers to leave the tea garden without permission?

Answer: Inland Emigration Act of 1859.

10. Name two main ‘Satyagraha’ movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917. (2013 D)

Indigo Planters Movement in Champaran, Bihar in 1916.
Peasants Satyagraha Movement was organized in Kheda district in Gujarat in 1917 to support peasants in the demand for relaxation of revenue collection.

11. Who is the author of the famous book ‘Hind Swaraj’? (2014 D)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi.

12. In which novel was the hymn ‘Vande Mataram’ included and who was the novel written by? (2014 OD)

Answer: Novel-Aandamath Author — Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

13. In which year and place did Mahatma Gandhi organise Satyagraha for the first time in India? (2014 D)

Answer: In 1916, in Champaran, Bihar.

14. Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. (2014 D)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa. Gandhiji’s novel method of mass agitation is know as ‘Satyagraha’. Satyagraha emphasised truth. Gandhiji believed that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. A satyagrahi can win the battle through non-violence. People, including oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth. Truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Gandhiji believed that dharma of non-violence could unite all India.

15. Explain the effects of ‘worldwide economic depression’ on India, towards late 1920s. (2013 OD)

Answer: In 19th century, colonial India had become an exporter of agricultural goods and an importer of manufactures. The worldwide economic depression immediately affected Indian trade. India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934. As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged. Peasants producing for the world market were worst hit. Though agricultural prices fell, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants indebtedness increased. For example, Jute producers of Bengal. In these depression years, India became an exporter of precious metals, notably gold.

16. Explain any three facts about the new economic situation created in India by the First World War. (2011 D)

Answer: The First World War created a dramatically new economic situation in India: (i) Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market.

(ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs. As a result new factories were set up, new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours.

(iii) Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically after the war, as it was unable to modernize and compete with US, Germany, Japan. Hence within colonies like India, local industrialists gradually consolidated their position capturing the home market.

17. How did the plantation workers understand the idea of ‘Swaraj’? Explain. (2011 OD)

Answer: For the plantation workers of Assam, “Swaraj” meant freedom to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they all were enclosed and also to be able to keep the link with their native village intact. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed to leave their tea gardens without permission, which they were rarely given. When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied authorities, left the plantations and headed home.

18. Explain the circumstances under which Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931. (2012 OD)

Answer: Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience movement in 1931 because:

Political leaders like Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan were arrested. More than one lakh people were arrested.
Government responded with brutal repression and peaceful satyagrahis were arrested. Women and children were beaten up.
It resulted in an uprising in Peshawar in 1930.
Industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police post. In Chittagong, the revolutionaries captured the armoury and a pitched battle was fought between the government troops and the revolutionaries. (any three)

In such a situation, Gandhiji called off the movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed.

19. Explain the reaction of Indian people against the Rowlatt Act passed through the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919. (2012 OD)

Answer: Reaction of Indian people against the Rowlatt Act of 1919:

Rallies were organized against this Act.
Railways, workshops and shops closed down.
The procession in Amritsar provoked widespread attacks on buses, post offices, railway stations, telegraphic lines, etc.
On 6th April Gandhiji held Hartal against this unjust law (Rowlatt Act).
The peaceful demonstration in Jallianwala Bagh led to a violent movement all across the country.

20. How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with three examples. (2013 D)

21. How was Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India? Explain with examples. (2013 D)

Answer: Gandhiji, who had formed a Satyagraha Sabha earlier, called for a countrywide protest against the proposed Rowlatt Act. Throughout the country, 6 April 1919 was observed as a National Humiliation Day. Gandhiji wanted a non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws. Hartals (Strikes) and rallies were organized in various cities. Workers went on strike in railway workshops. Shops closed down. The movement was non-violent but proved to be effective.

22. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919? How was it organised Explain. (2016 D, 2015 D, 2014 OD)

Answer: The Rowlatt Act was passed despite the united opposition of the Indian members of Imperial Legislative Council.

The Act gave the government enormous powers to oppress political agitations.
It had allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. There was no provision for appeal. The passing of this Act aroused large scale indignation.

Gandhiji, who had formed a Satyagraha Sabha earlier, called for a countrywide protest against the proposed Rowlatt Act. Throughout the country, 6 April 1919 was observed as a National Humiliation Day. Gandhiji wanted a non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws. Hartals and rallies were organized in various cities. Workers went on strike in railway workshops. Shops were closed down. The movement was non-violent but proved to be effective.

23. Which were the two types of demands mentioned by Gandhiji in his letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31st January 1930? Why was abolition of ‘salt tax’ most stirring demand? Explain. (2013 OD)

Answer: Some of the demands were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes from industrialists to peasants.

On 31st January, 1930 Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands, one of which was the demand to abolish Salt Tax.
Salt was one of the most essential food items consumed by the rich and poor alike and a tax on it was considered an oppression on the people by the British Government.
Gandhiji’s letter was an ultimatum and if his demands were not fulfilled by March 11, he had threatened to launch a civil disobedience campaign.

24. Explain any three problems faced by the peasants of Awadh. (2011 D)

Answer: Three problems faced by the peasants of Awadh were:

Talukdars and landlords demanded exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other taxes from the peasants.
Peasants had to do begar and work at the landlords’ farms without any payment.
As tenants they had no security of tenure and were being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land.

25. Explain any three reasons for the lukewarm response of some Muslim organizations to the Civil Disobedience Movement. (2011 D)

Answer: Three reasons for lukewarm response of some Muslim organizations to Civil Disobedience Movement were:

After the decline of Non-cooperation-Khilafat movement, a large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Indian National Congress.
The visible and open association of Congress with Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha in mid 1920s made the Muslims suspicious of Congress motives.
The frequent communal clashes not only deepened the distance between the two communities but also there was an important difference over the of representation in the future assemblies that were to be elected.

26. Explain any three effects of the Non-cooperation Movement on the economy of India. (2011 OD)

Answer: The economic sphere was affected by the Non-cooperation Movement:

Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign cloth was burnt. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. Its value dropped from ₹ 102 crore to ₹ 57 crore.
Many merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
People began discarding imported clothes and wearing Indian ones.
The production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. Use of khadi was popularized.

27. How did the rich peasants and women take part in Civil Disobedience Movement? (2011 OD)

Answer: Role of rich peasants:

Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by trade-depression and falling prices.
As their cash income reduced, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.
These rich peasants became ardent supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
For them fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.

Role of women:

Women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many women went to jail.
Women who participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, came from high-caste families in urban areas and rich peasant households in rural areas.

28. Why did Non-cooperation Movement gradually slow down in cities? Explain any three reasons. (2012 D, 2013 OD)

Answer: The Non-cooperation Movement gradually slowed down in cities for a variety of reasons:

Khadi cloth was more expensive than mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. As a result they could not boycott mill cloth for too long.
Alternative Indian institutions were not there which could be used in place of the British ones. These were slow to come up.
So students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.

29. Describe the role of the peasants in Awadh in the Non-cooperation Movement. (2012 D)

Answer: Role of the peasants in Awadh in the Non-cooperation Movement:

In Awadh, the peasants’ movement was led by Baba Ramchandra—a Sanyasi who had earlier worked in Fiji as indentured labour.
The movement was against taluqdars and landlords who demanded high rents from the peasants. Peasants had to do ‘bega/ and work at landlords’ farms without any payment. As tenants, they had no security of tenure and could be evicted without any notice.
The peasants’ movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of these landlords.
In many places Nai-Dhobi bandits were organized to deprive landlords of the services of even washermen and barbers.
In 1920, Jawahar Lai Nehru began talking to the villagers and formed ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’. Within a month 300 branches had been setup in the villages.
As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of taluqdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

30. Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation Movement. (2015 OD)

Answer: The movement of Awadh peasants was led by:

The peasants’ movement Baba Ramchandra was against talukdars and landlords who demanded extremely high rents and a variety of other cesses from the peasants.
Peasants were forced to work in landlords’ farms without any payment (begar). Peasants had no security of tenure, thus being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land.
The demands of the peasants were: reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

31. Explain any three measures taken by the British administration to repress the movement started against the ‘Rowlatt Act’. (2013 OD)

Answer: British officials were alarmed by the popular upsurge:

The fear that the lines of communication, such as railways and telegraph, might get disrupted, the British Government started even stronger repressive measures.
Local leaders were picked up. Gandhiji was barred from entering Delhi. On 10th April, 1919 the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession.
This provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.

32. Describe any three suppressive measures taken by the British administration to clampdown on nationalists. (2014 D)

Answer: Suppressive measures taken by the British administration were: (i) The fear that the lines of communication, such as railways and telegraph, might get disrupted, the British Government started even stronger repressive measures. Local leaders were picked up. Gandhiji was barred from entering Delhi. On 10th April, 1919 the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession.

(ii) This provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command. The government replied with further brutalities. The people of Punjab were made to crawl on the streets and salute to all ‘Sahibs’. Some were put in open cages and flogged.

(iii) Newspapers were banned and their editors were arrested. A reign of terror followed. Intellectuals like Rabindranath Tagore renounced their knighthood.

33. Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’. (2014 OD) Or How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain. (2015 OD, 2016)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.

On 31st January, 1930 he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands, one of which was the demand to abolish Salt Tax.
Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was an ultimatum and if his demands were not fulfilled by March 11, he had threatened to launch a civil disobedience campaign.
So, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi.
The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British.
On 6th April, he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

34. “The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of industrial workers in its programme of struggle.” Analyse the reasons. (2015 D)

Answer: Some workers did participate in the civil disobedience movement, selectively adopting some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods as a part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions.

There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932. Thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns. The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of workers as part of its programme of struggle. It felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.

35. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities? Explain (2015 D)

Answer: Non-cooperation movement gradually slowed down in the cities for a variety of reasons:

Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
Boycott of British institutions posed a problem for the movement to be successful. Alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones.
The institutions were slow to come up. So teachers and students began trickling back to the government schools and even lawyers joined back work in government courts.

36. Why did Mahatma Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain the reasons. (2015 D)

Answer: In February 1922, Gandhiji decided to launch a no tax movement. The police opened fire at the people who were taking part in a demonstration, without any provocation. The people turned violent in their anger and attacked the police station and set fire to it. The incident took place at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh. When the news reached Gandhiji, he decided to call off the Non-cooperation movement as he felt that it was turning violent and that the satyagrahis were not properly trained for mass struggle.

37. Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact’. (2015 OD)

Answer: The Poona Pact: (i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 demanded separate electorates for dalits in the Second Round Table Conference organised in London.

(ii) When British accepted this demand in the name of Communal Award, Gandhiji started a fast into death. He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into the society.

(iii) Ambedkar and Gandhi came to an agreement with Ambedkar accepting Gandhis position and the result was the Poona Pact of September, 1932.

It gave the depressed classes (later to be known as Schedule castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.
But, they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

38. Describe the spread of Non-Cooperation Movement in the countryside. (2015 OD)

Answer: The Non-cooperation movement spread to the countryside also. It drew into the struggles of peasants and tribals from different parts of India. (i) In Awadh, the peasants’ movement led by Baba Ramchandra was against talukdars and landlords who demanded extremely high rents and a variety of other cesses from the peasants. Peasants were forced to work in landlords’ farms without any payment (begar). Peasants had no security of tenure, thus being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land. The demands of the peasants were—reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

(ii) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s against the closure of forest areas by the colonial government, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. They felt that their traditional rights were being denied.

(iii) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed. It meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave tea gardens without permission. In fact the permission was hardly granted. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities and left for their homes.

39. “The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj”. Support the statement with arguments. (2016 OD)

Answer: “The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj” —

For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.
Swaraj meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own village.

40. What type of flag was designed during the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal? Explain its main features. (2016 OD)

Answer: During the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal, a tricolour flag—red, green and yellow was designed. It had eight lotuses representing the eight provinces of British India. It had a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

41. Who had designed the ‘swaraj flag’ by 1921? Explain the main features of this ‘swaraj flag’. (2016 D)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi designed the ‘Swaraj Flag’ by 1921. Main features of the ‘Swaraj Flag’:

It had tricolours — Red, Green and White.
It had a spinning wheel in the centre.
It represents the Gandhian idea of self-help.
Carrying the flag during marches had become a symbol of defiance and a sense of collective belonging.

42. How did cultural processes help in creating a sense of collective belongingness in India? Explain. (2011 D)

Answer: Though nationalism spread through the experience of united struggle but a variety of cultural processes captured the imagination of Indians and promoted a sense of collective belongingness: (i) Use of figures or images. The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Devotion to the mother figure came to be seen as an evidence of one’s nationalism.

(ii) Indian folklore. Nationalists started recording and using folklores and tales, which they believed, gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces. So preservation of these became a way to discover one’s national identity’ and restore a sense of price in one’s past.

(iii) Use of icons and symbols in the form of flags. Carrying the tricolour flag and holding it aloft during marches became a symbol of defiance and promoted a sense of collective belonging.

(iv) Reinterpretation of history. Indians began looking into the past to rediscover the glorious developments in ancient times in the field of art, science, mathematics, religion and culture, etc. This glorious time was followed by a history of decline when India got colonized, as Indian history was miserably written by the colonisers. All these techniques were used to bring the Indian people together against the common enemy, (any three)

43. Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, popular prints etc., in shaping the nationalism during freedom struggle. (2017 D)

Answer: History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols—all played an important role in creating a sense of collective belonging leading to the growth of nationalism.

1. Image of Bharat Mata:

With the growth of nationalism, the identity of the Indian nation came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata.
Moved by the Swadeshi Movement, Rabindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata. The identity of the Indian nation came to be visually associated with this image. She was portrayed as an ascetic figure—calm, composed, divine and spiritual.
Later this image was painted by many other artists which acquired different forms. This image was circulated in popular prints and devotion to this mother figure was seen as a sign of nationalism.

2. Reinterpretation of History:

The glorification of developments in ancient India in the fields of art and architecture, Science and Mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, craft and trade had also helped in the growth of nationalism.
These nationalist histories encouraged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievement in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions (cultural and economic decline) of life under the British rule.

3. Indian Folklore:

Idea of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore.
Folk tales were sung by bards in the villages, to give a true picture of traditional culture, which had been damaged by outside forces.
In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths to revive folk culture.
In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a four volume collection of Tamil folk tales, “The Folklore of Southern India”.

44. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement’ in February, 1922? Explain any three reasons. (2017 OD)

45. Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India. (2015 OD)

Answer: The outbreak of the First World War had created a new economic and political situation in India:

The increased defence expenditure was financed by war loans and by raising tax rates, custom duties, etc. There was tremendous price rise during the war years. Between 1913 and 1918, the prices had almost doubled. People, particularly common people, were facing extreme hardships.
Forced recruitment in the army caused widespread anger in the villages.
The failure of crops in many parts of India had created food shortages, leading to the added misery of the people.
In addition to this, there was the outbreak of the great influenza epidemic. Millions of people perished due to influenza and starvation.
The nationalist movement grew stronger during the war years. A large number of Muslims were drawn into the anti-British struggle during the war. The defence of the ‘Caliphate’ (Khilafat) became an important for Muslims. Peasant movements during war period also had helped the nationalist movement to grow stronger.

46. Explain five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’. (2011 OD)

Answer: Five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’:

According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not physical force. In the use of satyagraha there should not be any scope of ill-will.
Satyagraha is about soul-force and truth is the very substance of soul and the soul is informed with knowledge.
According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not the weapon of the weak, instead it can only be used by the strongest of the strong as it totally depends upon mental strength but not on physical strength.
Gandhiji said “Satyagraha is passive resistance, which is about intense activity but in a non-violent manner.” India cannot rival Britain in force of arms as the British worship the war-god and all of them are bearers of arms. Indians can’t compete with them in arms but can only defeat them using the weapon of “ahimsa” alone/ “that is by using mental strength Indians can defeat the British. Tolerance and non¬violence can only become the pillar of strength for the Indians.
Non-violence is the supreme dharma which could unite all Indians. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the battle.

47. What was Gandhiji’s idea behind launching the Non-cooperation Movement? Mention four proposals suggested by Mahatma Gandhi with reference to Non-cooperation Movement. (2011 D)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi felt (in his book Hind Swaraj, 1909) that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians. It has survived because of their cooperation. If the Indians refuse to cooperate, British rule in India will collapse and Swaraj would come.

Proposals suggested by Mahatma Gandhi with reference to Non-cooperation Movement

According to Gandhiji, Non-cooperation could become a movement by unfolding in stages.
It would begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign goods.
Then if the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.
Throughout 1920, Gandhiji and Shaukat Ali toured extensively mobilizing popular support for the movement.

48. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples. (2014 D)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi felt that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of the Indian people. If the Indians would refuse to cooperate, British rule would collapse.

According to Gandhiji, non-cooperation could become a movement by unfolding in stages.
It would begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign goods. Then if the Government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.
Throughout 1920, Gandhiji and Shaukat Ali toured extensively mobilising popular support for the movement.
In the cities, the movement started with middle class participation. Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges. Headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
The Council elections were boycotted, foreign goods and foreign cloth was boycotted. Traders and merchants also refused to trade in foreign goods.

49. How did different social groups conceive the idea of ‘Non-Cooperation’? Explain with examples. (2014 OD)

Answer: Various social groups participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement, each with its own specific aspiration. All of them responded to the call of ‘Swaraj’ but the term meant different things to different people. Movement in the cities:

Thousands of students from government controlled schools, headmasters, teachers resigned and left the school.
Lawyers gave up their legal practices. The Council elections were also boycotted in most provinces.

Movement spread to the countryside: (i) In Awadh, the peasants’ movement led by Baba Ramchandra was against talukdars and landlords who demanded extremely high rents and a variety of other cesses from the peasants. Peasants were forced to work in landlords’ farms without any payment (begar). Peasants had no security of tenure, they were regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land. The demands of the peasants were: reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

(iii) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave tea gardens without permission which was hardly granted. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities and left for their homes.

50. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts of the country? Explain with examples. (2016 OD)

Answer: Civil Disobedience Movement came into force in various parts of the country: (i) Gandhiji led the salt march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi with his followers starting the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories.

(iii) In the countryside, the rich Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement. As rich communities were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices, they became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(iv) As the depression continued and cash invoice dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay the rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlords to be remitted and thus they joined the movement.

(v) Merchants and industrialists supported the movement by giving financial assistance and also by refusing to buy and sell the imported goods.

(vi) The industrial working class of Nagpur region also participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Railway workers, dock workers, mineral of Chota Nagpur etc. participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns

51. How did people and the colonial government react to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain. (2012 D)

Answer: Reactions of people to the Civil Disobedience Movement: (i) Mahatma Gandhi’s famous ‘Dandi March’ from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi and violating the law by manufacturing salt marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes. Village officers resigned and forest people ventured into reserved forests to collect wood and graze cattle, thereby violate forest laws.

Reactions of colonial government to the Civil Disobedience Movement:

Worried by the reaction of the people the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan was arrested in Peshawar and later Mahatma Gandhi was arrested which led to violent clashes in many places.
The Government followed a policy of brutal repression. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 1,00,000 people were arrested.

52. Why did Gandhiji start the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’? Explain any four features of Civil Disobedience Movement. (2013 OD)

Answer: Non-fulfillment of demands made by Gandhiji on behalf of all the members of the Congress led to the launching of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

Gandhiji’s ‘Dandi March’ marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Gandhiji started his march with 78 volunteers from his ashram at Sabarmati to the Gujarat coastal town of Dandi. On 6th April, Gandhiji reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.

Features of Civil Disobedience Movement:

People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
Foreign cloth was boycotted and people were asked to picket liquor shops.
Peasants were asked not to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes.
Students, lawyers and village officials were asked not to attend English medium schools, colleges, courts and offices.

53. “Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement”. Examine the statement. (2013 D)

Answer: The abstract concept of ‘Swaraf did not move the nation’s ‘untouchables’, who from around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed. The Congress had ignored the dalits, for the fear of offending the Sanatanis, the conservative high caste Hindus.

Gandhiji persuaded upper castes to change their heart. He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of the bhangi. He called the untouchables, Harijans, organized satyagraha to secure them entry into temples and access to public wells, tanks and schools.

The dalit leaders were keen on a different political solution. Political empowerment, they believed would resolve the problems of their social disability. They began demanding reserved seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose dalit members for the Legislative Council.

54. “Some of the Muslim political organizations in India, were lukewarm in their response to the ‘Civil Disobedient Movement’.” Examine the statement. (2013 D)

Answer: Muslim response was lukewarm to the Civil Disobedience Movement as a large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.

The Congress members were seen as associates of Hindu religious nationalist groups like Hindu Mahasabha.
After the Non-cooperation Movement, relations between Hindus and Muslims worsened as each community organized religious processions, provoking Hindu-Muslim communal clashes and riots.
The important differences were over the of representation in the future Assemblies that were to be elected.
When Civil Disobedience Movement started, there was an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust between communities. Muslims feared that they would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority in Independent India.

55. How did different social groups participate in Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples. (2014 D)

Answer: (i) Rich peasant communities, like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh, became active in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) Small tenants had been cultivating rented land of landlords. They were not interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.

They wanted unpaid rent to be remitted.
They often joined the radical movements led by the socialists and communists.

(iii) Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities. They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.

(iv) Industrialsits formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.

They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
They refused to sell or buy imported goods. They gave financial assistance and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(v) Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was large-scale participation of women.

They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many women went to jail.
These women came from high-caste families in urban areas and rich peasant households in rural areas.

56. Explain with examples the role of industrialists in the freedom struggle of India. (2014 D) Or Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and industrialists towards the civil Disobedience Movement. (2015 OD)

Answer: Role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil Disobedience Movement:

Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities.
They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.
Industrialists like G.D.Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas attacked colonial control over the Indian economy.

57. “The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement”. Support the statement with examples. (2016 D)

Answer: The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement in the following ways: Non-Cooperation Movement:

The people were asked not to cooperate with the government.
Foreign goods and foreign cloth were boycotted. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign traders.
People were asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
The countrymen broke the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water at Dandi.
Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari tax.
Village officials resigned from their jobs. Forest people violated forest rules and laws.

58. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas. (2012 OD)

Answer: Alluri Sitaram Raju was the tribal leader of the peasants in Andhra Pradesh. He claimed that he had a variety of special powers. He inspired the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas in the following ways:

Raju inspired them by talking of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi.
He said that he was inspired by the Non-cooperation Movement.
He persuaded people to wear khadi and to give up drinking.
He asserted that India could be liberated only with the use of force.

59. Describe the actions taken by the British administration against the nationalists who opposed the Rowlatt Act. (2012 OD)

Answer: Alarmed by the popular upsurge and scared that lines of communication would be disrupted, the British administration decided to clamp down on nationalists as such.

Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar.
Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
On 10th April, the police at Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession provoking the public.
Martial law was imposed.
General Dyer took command.

60. Explain the impact of Jallianwala Bagh incident on the people. (2014 OD)

Answer: (i) Jallianwala Bagh Incident. On 13th April 1919, a crowd of villagers who had come to attend a Baisakhi fair, gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh. Being from outside the city, many were not aware of the martial law that had been imposed as a repressive measure.

(ii) Some people had also gathered to protest against the government’s repressive measures.

(iii) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park and closed the only exit point without giving any warning to the assembled people and ordered the troops to fire at the crowds, killing hundreds. This brutal act of General Dyer provoked unparalleled indignation.

(iv) As the news of Jallianwala Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were hartals, clashes and attacks on government buildings.

(v) The government replied with further brutalities. The people of Punjab were made to crawl on the streets and salute to all ‘Sahibs’. Some were put in open cages and flogged.

(vi) Newspapers were banned and their editors were arrested. A reign of terror followed. Intellectuals like Rabindranath Tagore renounced their knighthood.

61. How did the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’ spread in cities across the country? Explain its effects on the economic front. (2015 OD, 2012 D)

Answer: In the cities, the Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle class participation.

Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges. Headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
The Council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras. Where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, feet that entering the council was one way of gaining power.
Foreign goods and foreign cloth was boycotted. Traders and merchants also refused to trade in foreign goods.

The economic sphere was affected by the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign cloth was burnt. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. Its value dropped from ₹ 102 crores to ₹ 57 crores.
The production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. Use of khadi was popularised.

62. Why did Mahatma Gandhiji decide to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain. (2016 OD)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement because:

Worried by the development of Civil Disobedience Movement the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one.
This led to violent clashes in many places.
When Abdul Ghaffar khan, a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed.
A month later, when Mahatma Gandhi was arrested industrial workers in Sholapur attacked the police force, municipal buildings, law courts, railway stations and all other structures that symbolized British rule.
A frightened government responded with the policy of brutal repression. The peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 1 lakh people were arrested.

63. Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension? Explain. (2016 OD)

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March, 1931.

By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji committed to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners.
In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the conference, but the negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed.
Back in India, he discovered that the government had begun a new cycle of repressive measures.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail and the Congress had been declared illegal.
A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts. Thus, with great apprehension Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement.

64. “Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation.” Justify the statement. (2015 D, 2013 D) Or How did people belonging to different communications, regions or languages develop a sense of collective belonging? Explain with examples. (2014 OD)

Answer: History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols—all played an important role in creating a sense of collective belonging leading to the growth of nationalism. Image of Bharat Mata:

(i) With the growth of nationalism, the identity of the Indian nation came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata (as it had happened in Germany and France: Germania in Germany and Marianne in France).

(ii) This image was first created and popularized by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1870, he wrote Vande Mataram as a hymn to the motherland. This song was widely sung during the Swadeshi Movement.

(iii) Moved by the Swadeshi Movement, Rabindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata. The identity of the Indian nation came to be visually associated with this image. She was portrayed as an ascetic figure—calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

(iv) Later this image was painted by many other artists which acquired different forms. This image was circulated in popular prints and devotion to this mother figure was seen as a sign of nationalism.

Icons and Symbols (Flag):

During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, tricolour flag (red, green and yellow), with eight lotuses (depicting eight provinces of British India), was designed.
Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag by 1921—a tricolour (red, green and white) with a spinning wheel in the centre.
Carrying the flag during marches became a symbol of defiance and a sense of collective belonging.

Reinterpretation of History:

Indian Folklore:

65. “Plantation workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and the notion of ‘Swaraj.” Support the statement. (2017 D)

66. How did the Colonial Government repress the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’? Explain. (2017 OD)

Answer: The British Government reacted very strongly to the movement of Indians against the passage of the Rowlatt Act

British officials were alarmed by the popular upsurge. The fear that the lines of communication, such as railways and telegraph, might get disrupted, the British Government started even stronger repressive measures.
The colonial government began to arrest the Congress leaders. Gandhiji was barred from entering Delhi. On 10th April, 1919 the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession.
This provoked widespread attacks and people began to attack the symbols of British rule. There were attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
The government’s repression was quite brutal. Even women and children were beaten up. About 1,00,000 people were arrested.

SMART STUDY POINT

Notes, Assignment, important Question Answer.

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Nationalism in India Class 10 History Question Answer solutions / Class 10 nationalism in India ncert solutions / class 10 history nationalism in India important questions for exam (2021-2022)

CLASS 10 - NATIONALISM IN INDIA IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER / NCERT SOLUTIONS.

class 10 history nationalism in india case study questions

Question 1.

Explain:

(a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

Answer :

(i)Nationalism is the feeling of togetherness of people in a nation. In a nation all the people experience same political , social and cultural situation..

(ii) British colonisation affected people's freedom. For people the sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond.So, all section of the people decided to throw out the British rule and anti- colonial movement started.

Hence we can conclude growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

(b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.

The First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India because of the following reasons:-

i) Due to war there was high defence expenditures this led to high custom duties, increase in taxes caused widespread anger among the common people.

ii) There was forceful recruitment of British Army in villages.

iii) Price rise during the war years (1914-1919) created extrem hardship for the common people.

Indian were outraged by the Rowlatt Act because this act empowered the government to arrest anybody and imprison without trial for two years.

This also enabled the government to suspend the right to 'Habeas Corpus'( a writ requiring a person to be brought before a court).

It was the first time when the Indians Unitedly opposed the Britishers.

(d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Peace and Non-violence were two Noble weapons taken by Mahatma Gandhi to conduct the Non-Cooperation Movement.

In February 1922 at Chauri Chaura, in Uttar Pradesh where the violent people burnt a police station and 22-23 policemen burnt and died.

Gandhiji disappointed with this and decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement. He felt satyagrahis needed to be properly trained.

Question 2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

i)By the idea of Satyagrah we understand , it is a method of protest based on truth and non-violence. Or we can say Satyagrah is a method of peaceful agitation .

ii) It was introduced by Mahatma Gandhi and first applied in 1916 in Champaran district of Bihar to help the peasant against plantation owners.

iii) Then it expanded it wings to Kheda district of Gujarat in support of peasant in 1917.

iv) Ahmedabad cotton Mill workers also organised satyagrah in 1918.

3. Write a newspaper report on

(a) The Jalianwala Bagh Massacre

(b) The Simon Commission

The Jalianwala Bagh massacre

Jalianwala Bagh is a place in Amritsar (Punjab). On 13th April 1919 , people from many surrounding villages gathered there to celebrate Baisakhi fair.

Apart from the people few protesters also there to discuss about the Rowlatt Act, a peaceful assembly was going on. Suddenly General Dyre with his troops entered the garden and closed all the entrance doors. Without giving any warning to the people, general Dyre ordered his soldiers to fire at people. In the firing, many innocent people including women and children died and many became wounded.

This day of 13th April 1919 was a Black day in the History of India. The main intention of general Dyre behind this incident was to terrorises the satyagrahis.

The British government declared the formation of a commission to look into the working of the Government of India in 1919. As per the chairman of the commission it came to known as Simon Commission.

It was a Matter of great regret that the Commission which was formed to prepare the ground for establishing a responsible government in India was an all white Commission. Not a single Indian was considered fir to become the member of the commission.

The commission arrived at Bombay on 7 February 1928, as no Indian was there so Indian leaders greeted with the slogan of " Simon go Back". Both Congress and Muslim league unitedly protested against it.

Question 4: Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.

Bharat Mata:

i . Bharat Mata represents the Indian Nation.

ii. It is painted by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905.

iii. In the image of Bharat Mata we find Mata Holding Trishul and standing beside a lion and an elephant – symbols of power and authority.

iv. The image of Bharat Mata is proud of all Indians .

i. Germania represents for German nation.

ii. Philipp Veit painted the image of Germania in 1834 to 1836 for the first time.

iii. Germania as a female figure is standing against a background of the tricolour fabric of the national flag. She is wearing a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.

Question 1. List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.

Answer:

The social groups which joined the Non-cooperation Movement of 1921 were- the Middle class people in the town consists of Teachers, Students, Lawyers, Shopkeepers, Farmers, Peasant and Tribal people, Plantation workers etc.

Amongst them we will discuss in details about the hopes and struggles of Business class people, Peasants and Tribal people and Plantation workers.

Business class people:

In many places the Traders refused to trade in foreign goods. The important of foreign clothes reduced between 1922 and 1922.

Peasants and tribal people:

In various places peasants and tribal people launched this movement against the landlords and Talukdars. For them Swaraj meant that they would not be required to pay land dues i.e land revenue the land they were cultivating would be distributed among them.

Plantation workers:

Plantation workers participated in the movement with the hope that they would be free to move out of the restricted place in which they had been enclosed.

Question 2. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

The salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because:

i. It was done in revolt against a commodity- salt used by all categories of people whether rich or poor.

ii. The tax on salt and the monopoly over it's manufacturing was sign of oppression of British rule.

iii. The salt March was effective also because Gandhiji met a large number of commoners during the march and taught them the true meaning of Swaraj and non-violence.

iv. On 6th April, 1930 Gandhi along with his followers violated salt law by producing salt from sea water. It was a direct challenge to British rule in India.

v. It was a clear indication that people will not co-operate with unjustified colonial laws.

Question 3. Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Being a woman I am very much happy to participate in Civil disobedience movement. In this process I got the opportunity to meet with Gandhi. I heard Gandhiji's speaking and inspired by him I also offered satyagraha, picketed liquor shops and shops selling foreign clothes.

I felt empowered by these activities and I am also very proud of my other women Co-workers. The experience has made me realise that women also have an important role to play in realising our freedom.

Question 4. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

The political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates because

i.The political leaders belonged to different classes and communities of the Indian society which were having difference in opinions.

ii. Gandhi had an opinion that having a separate electorates would slow down the freedom movement and also adversely affect the unity of the country.

iii. The Muslim leaders thought that their interest could only be protected in a Muslim state, and in a Hindu majority state they would be at the mercy of the Hindus.

iv. Dr. BR Ambedkar, the leader of the depressed classes, was in favour of separate electorates for his community.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

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Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Class 10 NCERT Solutions

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CBSE Class 10 QnA

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions and Answers: History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

Cbse class 10 social science important questions: get the important questions and answers from cbse class 10 history unit 1 chapter 2 nationalism in india. the answers to these questions are also attached towards the end of these questions..

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions: In this article, we are going to discuss the important questions of the 2nd chapter Nationalism in India from the NCERT History textbook ‘India and the Contemporary World- II which is the prescribed textbook for the of the History section of CBSE class 10 Social Science syllabus.

The curriculum of CBSE Class 10 Social Science is divided into four units that cover the four aspects - History, Geography, Political Science and Economics. The chapter Nationalism in India is the second chapter in the first unit covering topics such as First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements and the differing strands within the movement, civil disobedience movement and so on under the theme of Events and Processes.

CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Important Questions

Multiple choice questions.

Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non Cooperation Movement by Gandhiji?

(a) Pressure from the British Government

(b) Second Round Table Conference

(d) Chauri-Chaura incident

Relaxation towards the plantation workers in Assam
plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission
free mobility for the plantation workers
workers defied the authorities and left the plantations

3. Who set up the ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’?

(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju

(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra

(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires, started wearing Indian clothes.
Economy fell
people did not take united action
Financing foriegn goods continued

5. The ‘Simon Commission’ was boycotted because

(a) there was no British Member in the Commission.

(b) it demanded separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims.

When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?

7. Who formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ within the Congress?

(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Motilal Nehru

(b) Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Mahatma Gandhi

What is the meaning of picket?

A. Foreign goods were burnt

B.Non financing of foreign imports

C.wearing only Indian clothes

D. A form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office

9. Which of the following was Mahatma Gandhi’s novel method of fighting against the British?

(a) He used violent method of stone pelting.

(b) He used arson to bum down government offices.

What actions were taken during the Non Cooperation Movement ?
the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
Boycott of foriegn goods and services
Surrender of titles that the government awarded.
boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods

11. Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the year 1921?

(a) Swaraj Party

(b) Justice Party

Why did General Dyer order to open fire on a i peaceful demonstration at Jallianwala Bagh? Choose from the given options.

(a) He wanted to show his power.

(b) Firing was ordered because it was an unruly crowd.

(c) Because his object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’ to create fear in the minds of ‘satyagrahis’.

Who was the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’?

(a) Rabindranath Tagore

(b) B.R. Ambedkar

What was the purpose of imposing the Rowlatt Act?

(a) The Rowlatt Act forbade the Indians to : qualify for administrative services.

(b) The Rowlatt Act had denied Indians the right to political participation.

Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, was the leader of which of the following movements?

(a) Khilafat Movement

(b) Militant Guerrilla Movement of Andhra Pradesh

What does satyagraha mean? Choose one from the following options.

(a) ‘Satyagraha’ means use of physical force to inflict pain while fighting.

(b) ‘Satyagraha’ does not inflict pain, it is a : non-violent method of fighting against oppression.

A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is

(a) Boycott

Which of the following was Mahatma Gandhi’s novel method of fighting against the British?

Which industrialist attacked colonial control over Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement?

(a) Dinshaw Petit

(b) Purshottamdas Thakurdas

Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of

(b) Calcutta

Who visualised and depicted the image of ‘Bharat Mata’ through a painting?

(a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

(b) Rabindranath Tagore

Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lal Nehru, the Lahore Congress Session of 1929 formalised the demand of

(a) abolition of Salt Tax

(b) ‘Poorna Swaraj’ or complete independence

Which one of the following Viceroys announced a vague offer of dominion status for India in October 1929?

(a) Lord Mountbatten

(b) Lord Dalhousie

Where did Mahatma Gandhi start his famous ‘Salt March’ on 12th March 1930?

(b) Chauri-Chaura

Who among the following two leaders led the Khilafat Movement?

(a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali

(b) Gandhiji and Sardar Patel

What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh?

(a) Satyagraha Movement

(b) Militant Guerrilla Movement

What do you mean by the term ‘Begar’

(a) An Act to prevent plantation workers to leave the tea gardens without permission.

(b) The forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas during World War I.

When did the Jallianwalla Bagh incident take place?

(a) On 13 April 1919

(b) On 15 August 1919

The Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement began in

(a) January 1921

(b) February 1922

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given.

Mark the correct choice as:

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to take up the Khilafat issue.

Reason (R): He wanted to bring the Muslims into the fold of nationalist movement

Assertion(A): In India the rise of nationalism is associated with the anti-colonial movement.

Reason(R): The sense of being oppressed under colonialism connected many different groups together.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Assertion (A): Gandhiji's idea of 'Satyagraha' emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

Reason(R): Gandhiji believed that a Satyagrahi could win the battle by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.

Assertion(A): Mass processions Were a common feature of the Indian national movement.

Reason(R): People protested for the benefit of their respective social groups.

Assertion(A): The Congress and Muslim League entered into compromise in 1927 and formed an alliance.

Reason(R): In 1928 hopes of conference were removed when M.R. Jayakar of the Hindi Mahasabha strongly opposed efforts of compromise.

Assertion(A): Gandhiji entered the Gandhi Irwin pact on 5th March 1931.

Reason(R): Gandhiji consented to participate in the 2nd Round Table Conference and the government agreed to release political prisoners. .

Assertion(A): When Simon Commission reached India it was opposed with slogans of ‘Simon Go Back’ in1928.

Reason(R) This statutory commission was in India to give suggestions about constitution system, but didn’t have a single Indian member

Assertion(A): The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect different groups together into one movement .

Reasons(R): Unity didn’t come without conflicts.

Assertion(A): To glorify the past of the Indians, images were taken from Hindu iconography.

Reason(R): These images were welcomed and celebrated by all the Indians.

Assertion (A): Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.

Reason (R): His object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’, to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe.

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Class 10 History Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Nationalism in India

In this page, you can find CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Nationalism in India Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science will make your practice complete.

Nationalism in India Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1. What did the Inland Emigrating Act of 1859 declare? Answer: The Act declared that plantation workers would not leave tea gardens without permission.

Extra Questions and Answers Nationalism in India

Question 2. Why was the Rowlatt Act imposed? Answer: The colonial government imposed the Rowlatt Act to repress political activities and detain political prisoners without trial for two years.

Very Short Answers Type Questions and Answers Nationalism in India

Question 3. The First World War led to a huge increase in defence expenditure. How was this expenditure financed? Answer: The huge increase in defence expenditure was financed by war loans and increasing taxes which involved hike in customs duties and introduction of income tax.

Question 4. What was the Rowlatt Act? Answer: It was one of the most repressive acts which gave the government enormous powers to curb political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Question 5. What did Gandhiji want before launching a broad-based movement in India? Answer: He wanted to bring the Hindus and Muslims close together before launching a broad-based movement in India.

Question 6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to launch Non-cooperation Movement? Answer: Mahatma Gandhi believed that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse and swaraj would come. This belief made Gandhiji ready to launch Non-cooperation movement.

Question 7. When and where was the Non-cooperation programme adopted? Answer: The Non-cooperation programme was adopted at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920.

Question8. Why did the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms go up during the Non¬cooperation movement? Answer: The Non-cooperation movement was infact a boycott movement in which people started wearing only Indian clothes by discarding imported ones. This gave a boom in the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms.

Question 9. Who was Baba Ramchandra? Answer: Baba Ramchandra was a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer. He led the Awadh peasants during the Non-cooperation movement.

Question 10. What were the demands of the Awadh peasants? Answer: Their demands included reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

Question 11. Why did panchayats organise nai-dhobi bandhs in many places in Awadh? Answer: Panchayats organised such bandhs to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.

Question 12. How did the tribal peasants interpret the idea of swaraj? Answer: For them, swaraj meant freedom to enter the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.

Question 13. Mention one point of difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Alluri Sitaram Raju. Answer: Mahatma Gandhi was a staunch supporter of non-violence. Alluri Sitaram Raju, on the other hand, believed that India could be liberated only by use of force, not non-violence.

Question 14. When did Mahatma Gandhi decide to call off the Non-cooperation movement? What was his experience? Answer: In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggle.

Question 15. Name two radical leaders of India. What did they want? Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. They wanted more radical mass agitation to gain independence.

Question 16. What was declared in the Lahore Congress? Answer: In the Lahore Congress, it was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

Question 17. On 31 January 1930, Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. What was the most stirring of all? Answer: The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax and the government monopoly over its production.

Question 18. What did Indian merchants and industrialists do to organise their business interests? Answer: They formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

Question 19. Why did business groups in India withdraw their support from the Non-cooperation movement after the failure of the Round Table Conference? Answer: After the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups in India became apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business, as well as of the growing influence of socialism amongst the younger members of the Congress.

Question 20. Why was the Congress reluctant to include workers’ demands as part of its programme of struggle? Answer: The Congress felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.

Question 21. What was the Poona Pact? Answer: The Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar in September 1932 to resolve the issue of separate electorates for dalits. It gave the depressed classes reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

Question 22. What was Gandhi-Irwin Pact? Answer: Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931. By this Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners.

Question 23. Why was the Congress unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places? Answer: The Congress was apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords.

Question 24. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement relaunched? Answer: The Civil Disobedience Movement was relaunched in 1932.

Question 25. When was the image of Bharat Mata first created and by whom? Answer: The image of Bharat Mata was first created in 1905 by Abanindranath Tagore.

Question 26. What was the belief of Natesa Sastri about folklore? Answer: He believed that folklore was national literature. It was ‘the most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thoughts and characteristics’.

Question 27. Describe the tricolour flag designed during the Swadeshi movement. Answer: During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It has eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

Question 28. What did nationalist histories urge the readers? Answer: Nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.

Question 29. Describe the Swaraj flag designed by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. Answer: The Swaraj flag designed by Mahatma Gandhi was a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.

Question 30. Name the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’. Answer: Mahatma Gandhi.

Nationalism in India Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1. Discuss various stages of the Non-cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi. Answer: Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages-

It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded.
Second stage involved a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.

Question 2. ‘The merchants and industrialists made a significant contribution to the Civil Disobedience Movement’. In the light of the above statement, explain their role in the movement. OR How did the industrialists relate to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Analyse their role. OR Evaluate the role of business classes in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. Answer: (i) Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

(ii) Led by prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla, the industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy, and supported the civil disobedience movement when it was first launched.

(iii) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. Most businessmen came to see swaraj at a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints.

Question 3. How reinterpretation of history created a sense of collective belongingness among different community of India? Answer: (i) By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began feeling that to instill a sense of pride in the nation Indian history had to be thought about differently.

(ii) The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing themselves. In response, Indians began writing about glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had flourished.

(iii) This glorious time, in their view, was followed by a history of decline, when India was colonised. These nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule. Thus, reinterpretation of history created a feeling of nationalism among different community of India.

Question 4. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act? Explain any three reasons. Answer: The Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. The Act gave the government enormous powers t repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. The Indians were outraged by these laws as they were clearly undemocratic and oppressive and hurt national sentiments and dignity. Mahatma Gandhi called for a nation-wide protest against the proposed Rowlatt Act in 1919. Rallies were organised in various cities. Workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops closed down.

Question 5. “The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of industrial workers in its programme of struggle”. Analyse the reasons. Answer:

The industrial working classes did not participate in the civil disobedience movement in large numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof.
Some workers who participated in the movement, selectively adopted some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods, as part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions.
The Congress was reluctant to include workers’ demands in its programme of struggle as it felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.

Question 6. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Give your opinion. Answer: (i) The Non-cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1920 and it was unfolded in stages. It began with the surrender of titles awarded by the government, the boycott of civil services, army, police, etc. and foreign goods. Through the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi along with Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising popular support for the movement.

(ii) Various social groups participated in this movement and gradually it turned into a mass movement. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters, teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfire.

(iii) From the cities, the movement spread to the countryside. It drew into its fold the struggle of peasants and tribals which were developing in different parts of India in the years after the war.

Question 7. Describe the main features of the ‘Poona Pact’. Answer:

The Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar in September 1932 to resolve the issue of separate electorates for dalits.
It gave the depressed classes who later came to be known as the scheduled castes, reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.
But they were to be voted in by the general electorate as their demand of separate electorate was not accepted by Mahatma Gandhi in the larger interest of the country.

Question 8. How did ‘Salt March’ become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain. Answer: What Mahatma Gandhi meant about satyagraha being active resistance was that it requires a lot of pure soul-force activity. It involves great sacrifices to be made, which can be done only by persons with strong will power. It requires resistance to oppression without using any physical force.

The idea of satyagraha emphasises the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggests that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the battle through non-violence. This can be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. By this struggle, truth is bound to triumph ultimately.

Question 9. Explain the idea of satyagraha according to Gandhiji. Answer: What Mahatma Gandhi meant about satyagraha being active resistance was that it requires a lot of pure soul-force activity. It involves great sacrifices to be made, which can be done only by persons with strong will power. It requires resistance to oppression without using any physical force.

Question 10. Describe any three suppressive measures taken by the British administration to clamp down on nationalists. Answer: In 1919, Gandhiji launched a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and scared that lines of communication such as the railways and telegraph would be disrupted, the British administration decided to clamp down on nationalists. It took several repressive methods. Some of them were

Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took the command. He entered the Jallianwala Bagh area where a large crowd had gathered to protest against the Rowlatt Act and opened fire on them, killing hundreds.
As the news of Jallianwala Bagh massacre spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns. The government responded with brutal repression. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs.

Question 12. Why did the Non-cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities? Explain. Answer: The Non-cooperation Movement gradually slowed down in the cities due to the following reasons-

Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. It became difficult for them to boycott mill cloth for a long time.
The boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones. But these came up gradually.
Therefore, students and teachers who had left government schools to participate in Gandhi’s Non-cooperation Movement, began coming back to schools and lawyers joined back in government courts.

Question 13. Describe the role of merchants and industrialists in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Answer: (i) Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

Question 14. Describe the main features of the Salt March. Answer: What Mahatma Gandhi meant about satyagraha being active resistance was that it requires a lot of pure soul-force activity. It involves great sacrifices to be made, which can be done only by persons with strong will power. It requires resistance to oppression without using any physical force. The idea of satyagraha emphasises the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggests that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the battle through non-violence. This can be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. By this struggle, truth is bound to triumph ultimately.

Question 15. How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with three examples. Answer:

The First World War created a new economic situation by leading to a huge expenditure in defence which was to be financed by increasing taxes and raising customs duties.
Crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food.
This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people perished as a result of famines and epidemic.

Question 16. How was Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India? Explain with examples. Answer:

Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.
Banks, post offices and railway stations were attacked.
People in Amritsar gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the government’s new repressive measures.

Question 17. Which were the two types of demands mentioned by Gandhiji in his letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31st January 1930? Why was abolition of salt tax most stirring demand? Explain. Answer: On 31st January 1930, Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. Some of these were of general interest, others were specific demands of different classes, from industrialists to peasants. The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.

The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule.

Question 18. Mention three problems faced by the Awadh peasants. Answer: In Awadh, talukdars and landlords exploited the poor peasants in a variety of ways-

They demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents at variety of other cesses.
Peasants had to do begar and work at landlord’s farms without any payment.
As tenants they had no security of tenure, being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land.

Question 19. How did the rich peasants and women take part in Civil Disobedience Movement? (Imp) Answer: (i) Rich peasant communities like the patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were the active supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement. They organised their communities, and at times forced reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them, the fight for swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.

(ii) Women participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement in a large number. During Gandhi’s salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They took part in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. They moved by Gandhiji’s call and saw service to the nation as a sacred duty.

Question 20. Analyse the circumstances which led Gandhiji to choose the abolition of salt tax as the most important demand of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Answer: What Mahatma Gandhi meant about satyagraha being active resistance was that it requires a lot of pure soul-force activity. It involves great sacrifices to be made, which can be done only by persons with strong will power. It requires resistance to oppression without using any physical force. The idea of satyagraha emphasises the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggests that if the cause is true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the battle through non-violence. This can be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. By this struggle, truth is bound to triumph ultimately.

Question 21. How did the tribals of the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh interpret swaraj? OR Enlist some of the features of the Gudem rebellion of Andhra Pradesh. Answer: (i) The tribals of the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh interpreted the idea of swaraj in a quite different way. Here, the tribals started a militant guerrilla movement in the early 1920s against the colonial government.

(ii) As in other forest regions, the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuel-wood and fruits. This enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt that their traditional rights were being denied.

(iii) When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju.

(iv) They attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerilla warfare for achieving swaraj. For them, swaraj meant freedom of entering the forests to graze their cattle, etc.

Question 22. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas. Answer: Alluri Sitaram Raju was the leader of the Gudem tribals of Andhra Pradesh. He claimed that he had a variety of special powers – he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullets shots. The Gudem rebels were greatly inspired by him.

They proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God. Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking during the Non-cooperation Movement. But he differed from Gandhiji at one point. He believed that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence. The colonial government was watching his activities with suspicion. It captured him and executed him in 1924. Over time he became a folk hero.

Nationalism in India Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1. How did people belonging to different communities, regions or language groups develop a sense of collective belonging? OR “Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation.” Support the statement. Answer: (i) The sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles and growing anger among people against the colonial government. But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people’s imagination. History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of nationalism.

(ii) The identity of the nation is often symbolised in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be associated with the image of Bharat Mata, first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Then Abanindranath Tagore painted the image of Bharat Mata during the swadeshi movement. In his painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure. She is calm, composed, divine and spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms, painted by different artists. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence to one’s nationalism.

(iii) Movement to revive Indian folklore also enhanced nationalist sentiments. In late-nineteenth century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends. These tales gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past.

(iv) Icons and symbols played an important role in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism. During the swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag having red, green and yellow colours was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims. By 1921, Gandhiji designed the Swaraj flag having red, green and white colours and a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

(v) Feeling of nationalism was also created through reinterpretation of history. The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing themselves. In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievements. They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had flourished. This glorious time was followed by a history of decline, when India was colonised. These nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under the British rule.

Question 2. Categorise and discuss the different urban sentiments which joined the Non-cooperation Movement. Answer: (a) The growth of nationalism in the colonies including India is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. People in colonies discover their unity in the process of their struggle with colonialism. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provides a shared bond that ties many different groups together.

(b) The First World War created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes. Customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.

Through the war years prices increased leading to extreme hardship for the common people. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers and the forced recruitment in rural areas angered the common mass.

In 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India resulting in acute shortages of food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. Millions of people died as a result of famines and the epidemic.

People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over. But that did not happen. All this caused widespread anger and opposition against the British colonial rule and the national movement in India took a stronger turn.

(c) The Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. The Act gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

The Indians were outraged by these laws as they were clearly undemocratic and oppressive and hurt national sentiments and dignity. Mahatma Gandhi called for a nation-wide protest against the proposed Rowlatt Act in 1919. Rallies were organised in various cities. Workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops closed down.

(d) Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement because it was turning violent. Various incidents of violence perpetrated by the masses, especially the Chauri Chaura incident that took place in 1922 in Gorakhpur.

Here, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police and the angry mob set police-station on fire in which several police were killed. Hearing of the incident, Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to this movement. He felt that people were not yet ready for a mass struggle, and the satyagra his needed to be properly trained for non-violent demonstrations.

Question 3. Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement. Answer: When the movement was first launched Indian merchants and industrialists supported it very enthusiastically. But when it was re-launched, all their enthusiasm had vanished. The failure of the Round Table Conference disappointed business groups. They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities, and worried about prolonged disruption of business, as well as of the growing influence of socialism amongst the younger members of the Congress.

(i) Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

Question 4. Describe the incident and impact of the Jallianwala Bagh. Answer: On 13th April 1919, a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh. Some came to protest against the government’s new repressive measures. Others had come to attend the annual Baisakhi fair. Being from outside the city, many villagers were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.

General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds of innocent people. Dyer’s main intention was to ‘produce a moral effect’ and terrorise the satyagrahis. The indiscriminate firing by the British soldiers led to nation-wide outrage. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The Jallianwala Bagh incident was the most brutal incident in the history of India, The government responded with brutal repression seeking to humiliate and terrorise people, satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the grounds, crawl on the streets, and do salciam (salute) to all sahibs.

Impact of the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was the most brutal incident in the history of India. It reflected the government’s ruthless attitude towards the colonised people. It filled hatred in the hearts of the Indians. They were not ready to accept such a heinous crime. They showed their disapproval by surrendering titles that the government had awarded. They also boycotted civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.

Question 5. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples. Answer: Gandhi’s non-cooperation could become a movement due to its gradual spread in various parts of the country. (i) In cities, middle-class people participated in the movement. Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.

(ii) People in large number boycotted foreign goods, picketed liquor shops and burnt foreign cloth in huge bonfires. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. People began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones with the spread of the boycott movement.

(iii) From the cities, the Non-cooperation Movement spread to the countryside. In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra. Being fed up with the atrocities of the talukdars and landlords, these peasants demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of the zamindars.

In many places, nai dhobi bandhs were organised by panchayats to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen. In October 1920, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up and within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region. So, when the Non-cooperation Movement began the following year, the Congress integrated the Awadh peasant struggle into the wider struggle.

(iv) Tribal peasants also played an important role in making the non-cooperation a mass movement. They were already frustrated with the colonial government’s callous attitude. In such a situation when the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, they revolted under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju. He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.

(v) The Non-cooperation Movement also inspired the planation workers of Assam. These workers wanted freedom to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed. So, when they heard of the movement, they defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

Question 6. In this way, Gandhi’s non-cooperation became a mass movement in due course. different social groups conceive the idea of ‘Non-cooperation’? Explain with examples. Answer: (a) The growth of nationalism in the colonies including India is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. People in colonies discover their unity in the process of their struggle with colonialism. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provides a shared bond that ties many different groups together.

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Development
Sector of Indian Economy
Money and Credit
Globalization of Indian Sector
Consumer Rights
Resources and Development
Forest and Wildlife Resources
Water Resources
Agriculture
Minerals and Energy Resources
Manufacturing Industries
Lifelines of National Economy
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
The Nationalist Movement in Indo China
Nationalism in India
The Making of a Global World
The Age of Industrialisation
Work Life and Leisure
Print Culture and The Modern World
Novels Society and History
Power Sharing
Democracy and Diversity
Gender Religion Caste
Popular Struggle and Movements
Political Parties
Outcomes of Democracy

Write in brief

Question 1. explain: (a) why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement (b) how the first world war helped in the growth of the national movement in india (c) why indians were outraged by the rowlatt act (d) why gandhiji decided to withdraw the non-cooperation movement.

Answer: (a) Nationalism is a feeling that combines all the people of the nation into a single unit. It is a powerful sentiment that binds people together in a common bond beyond their communal, lingual, caste or religious differences. In all the colonies of the world, the imperialist power exploited the people socially, religiously, economically and politically.

Colonization affected people’s freedom, and nationalist sentiments surged during the process of struggle against imperial domination.
The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people from different walks of life, and this resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals.
Although each class or group of people felt that they were being oppressed under colonialism, the effects of colonialism were felt differently.
People started uniting against the colonialism which strengthened the sense of nationalism further.

Thus, the growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to anti-colonial movements. (b)

During the First World War, the British army conducted forced recruitment from rural areas in India.
To finance the defence expenditure, high customs duties and income taxes were imposed.
Also, during 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, thereby resulting in acute food shortages. Accompanied by epidemics it accounted for 12 to 13 million deaths. All this caused extensive anger and opposition against the British colonial rule.
People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over. But this did not happen.
The war had given rise to many social and economic problems. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 could not satisfy the aspirations of the Indians. There arose a general discontent among the Indian masses against the British rule.
The Indians helped the British Government during World War I. They were hopeful that after the war, the government would give them many rights.
However, the government did not do anything and therefore, there was an immense discontent among the people.
To cope with the situation, they passed the Rowlatt Act 1919. Imperial Legislative council passed the Rowlatt Act against the opposition of Indians.
It gave the government autocratic powers to repress political activities besides allowing it to detain political prisoners without a trial, for two years.
The Indians were outraged by this act as it was clearly undemocratic and oppressive and hurt national sentiments and dignity.
Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops were closed down.
Gandhiji had declared that the non-cooperation movement will be a non-violent one.
He decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to various incidents of violence perpetrated by the masses, especially the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 where the people clashed with the police, setting a police-station on fire.
Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. On 18 March 1922, he was imprisoned for six years for publishing seditious materials. This led to the suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders.
Gandhiji felt that the people were not yet ready for a mass struggle and that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained for non-violent demonstrations.

Question 2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

Satyagraha was a novel method of mass agitation in a non-violent way.
The idea of Satyagraha emphasized upon the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true and if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Through non-violent methods, a Satyagraha could appeal the conscience of the oppressor by the power of truth.
People -including the oppressors -had to be persuaded to see the truth through the use of non-violence.
Gandhiji firmly believed that the truth was bound to ultimately triumph.

Question 3. Write a newspaper report on: (a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (b) The Simon Commission

Answer: (a)

On 13th April 1919, a large crowd had gathered in the enclosed ground of JallianwalaBagh – some to protest against the British government’s repressive measures, others to attend the annual Baishakhi Fair.
These people were unaware of the imposition of Marshal Law in the city. General Dyer, the Commander, blocked the exit points from the Bagh and opened fire upon the innocent citizens.
Dyer went with Sikh, Gurkha, Baluchi, Rajput troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles they entered the garden, blocking the main entrance after them, took up position on a raised bank and on Dyer’s orders fired on the crowd for about ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted.
Dyer’s intention was to produce a ‘moral effect’ and terrorize satyagrahis. Hundreds of innocent people including women and children were killed and wounded due to this indiscriminate firing by the British soldiers,
This incident angered masses of India ultimately led to nation-wide outrage. Jallianwala Bagh incident was the most brutal incident in the History of India.
The Simon Commission was constituted by the Tory Government in Britain, under Sir John Simon. The objective of the Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest some constitutional changes.
But nationalists in India opposed the Commission because it had not a single Indian member. Therefore, when the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan “Go Back Simon”.
The Commission was strongly opposed by many in India and met with protests in every major Indian city it visited
All parties, including Congress and the Muslim league, participated in the demonstrations. Thus it brought a sense of unity in Indians for the moment.
The Simon commission recommendations formed the basis of the Act of 1935.

Question 4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germanian Chapter 1.

The image of Germania was the symbol of German nation whereas; the image of Bharat Mata was the symbol of the Indian nation.
Both images inspired nationalists who worked very hard to unify their respective countries and to attain a liberal nation.
The image of Bharat Mata is different from that of Germania in the sense that the former reflects the religious basis of its making. The image of Bharat Mata painted by Abanindranath Tagore is bestowed with learning, food, clothing, and some ascetic quality also whereas the image of Germania was painted by Philip Veit in the year 1848.
Another painting of Bharat Mata in which we find Mata holding Trishul and standing beside a lion and an elephant – symbols of power and authority. This image appears to be more akin to the image of Germania where she holds a sword and a shield.
These images popularized the idea of sacrifice and devotion to the mother nation.

Discuss Project

Question 1 . List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.

Answer: The different social groups that joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 were the urban middle class comprising lawyers, teachers, and headmasters, students, peasants, tribals and workers.

The middle class joined the movement because the boycott of foreign goods would make the sale of their textiles and handlooms go up.
The peasants took part in the movement because they hoped they would be saved from the oppressive landlords, high taxes taken by the colonial government abolition of begar and variety of other cesses.
The tribals employed guerrilla tactics to fight the British in some parts of India, the Gudem rebels attacked police stations & attempted to kill British officials. Means they were inspired by the Gandhiji but were not keen to follow nonviolent ways of struggle
Plantation workers took part in the agitation hoping they would get the right to move freely in and outside the plantations, maintain a link with the village they had come from and get land in their own villages.

Question 2. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

Gandhiji thought the salt was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because it was done in revolt against a commodity- salt, used by the rich and the poor alike. An item of daily use could resonate more with all classes of citizens than an abstract demand for greater political rights.
The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production was a severely oppressive administrative move.
By breaking the salt law India showed their intention of non-cooperation and to break the oppressive colonial laws.
The Salt March was effective also because Gandhiji met a large number of commoners during the march and he taught them the true meaning of swaraj and non-violence. By peacefully defying law and making salt against government orders,
Gandhiji set forth an example to the whole nation of how the oppressor could be confronted in a non-violent manner. This also led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

Question 3. Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Answer: I was very happy to participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement because I understood that I have to serve the nation in whatever capacity I could. I had heard Gandhiji speaking and asking us to participate in this movement I feel service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Inspired by him, I also offered Satyagraha. Picketed liquor shops and shops selling foreign cloth and also courted arrest. I felt empowered by these activities and felt that women also can help the men in the ultimate goal of achieving independence from the British. I felt very proud to be the part of the movement but also I felt that the participation of women was taken by many Indians as symbolic.

Question 4. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

Political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates because of differences in opinion.
While those supporting the cause of minorities and the Dalits believed that only political empowerment would resolve their social backwardness, Dalit leaders like Dr. Ambedkar demanded a separate electorate.
others like Gandhiji thought that separate electorates would further slow down the process of their integration into society. Also, it was feared that the system of separate electorates would gradually divide the country into numerous fragments because every community or class would then ask for separate representations.
Even Muslim leaders favoured the separate electorates as they feared their identity and culture would be in danger due to the domination of majority. They feared that the culture and identity of minorities would be submerged under the domination of Hindu majority.
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Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Nationalism in India¨ (PDF)

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Jun 21, 2024

Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Nationalism in India¨ aims to provide students with insightful solutions. Our subject matter experts have offered simple and accurate answers for the exercises in the history book ¨India and the Contemporary World-II.¨

Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Nationalism in India¨ are designed in an easy-to-understand manner to help students grasp the topics easily. Students can use these varieties of NCERT solutions and learn more about these interesting topics comprehensively.

We hope that the ¨Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in India¨ will be helpful for the students.

Check out CBSE Class 10 History Class 10 Chapter 2 Solutions Nationalism in India

Important Questions and Answers of NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in Europe¨

Let us look at Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in India within the lesson. Our subject experts have answered these questions accurately and per the latest CBSE guidelines.

Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915 and introduced the concept of Satyagraha, emphasizing non-violent resistance and the pursuit of truth.

In 1917, Gandhi led a movement in Champaran, Bihar, to support peasants against the oppressive plantation system, marking his active involvement in India’s struggle for independence.

. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British government powers to repress political activities. Gandhi launched a nationwide satyagraha in response, protesting against the repressive measures.

On April 13, 1919, General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful gathering at Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds. This massacre intensified the anti-colonial movement and galvanized Indian resistance against British rule.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched in 1920, involved boycotting British institutions, titles, and goods, aiming to undermine British authority and promote self-reliance.

The movement significantly reduced the import of foreign cloth, halving it from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore between 1921 and 1922, and boosted the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms.

The movement slowed down because khadi cloth was more expensive than mill cloth, making it unaffordable for the poor, and there were insufficient alternative Indian institutions to replace British ones, leading people to return to government schools and courts.

Answer. Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after violent clashes in Chauri Chaura, as he was committed to non-violence and could not support the violent turn of events.

How did different social groups participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Various social groups participated, including the urban middle class, peasants, tribals, industrial workers, and women, each contributing in their own ways, such as boycotting institutions, protesting against landlords, and joining strikes.

The movement galvanized nationwide support for independence, highlighted the power of collective action, and set the stage for future campaigns like the Civil Disobedience Movement, despite facing challenges and eventual suspension due to internal and external pressures.

Also Read: NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)

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Answer the following questions of Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in India within the lesson.

Nationalism in colonial contexts often emerges as a response to oppressive colonial rule. The colonies’ struggle for independence becomes intertwined with anti-colonial sentiments, as nationalists seek to assert their cultural, political, and economic autonomy against foreign domination.

The First World War provided an opportunity for the growth of the National Movement in India due to several factors. Indian soldiers’ participation in the war raised awareness and aspirations for self-rule.

Additionally, the war’s economic strain on Britain highlighted India’s contributions and grievances, leading to increased discontent and demands for independence.

Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act because it severely curtailed civil liberties and imposed draconian measures, such as allowing indefinite detention without trial.
The Act was seen as a betrayal of promises made during World War I for greater self-governance, leading to widespread protests and fueling the nationalist movement.

Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement following the Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters turned violent and attacked police officers.

Gandhi was committed to non-violence, and felt that the movement’s continuation would tarnish the principle of satyagraha and undermine the larger struggle for independence.

Satyagraha is a concept coined by Mahatma Gandhi which refers to the practice of non-violent resistance or civil disobedience as a means of achieving social and political change.
It emphasizes the power of truth and moral force to confront injustice, oppression, and tyranny, advocating for peaceful protest and passive resistance against unjust laws or systems.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, saw British troops under General Dyer open fire on unarmed civilians gathered for a peaceful protest, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries.

The indiscriminate violence shocked the nation and sparked outrage, leading to widespread condemnation of British rule and demands for independence.

The Simon Commission, appointed by the British government in 1927 to assess India’s readiness for self-governance, faced vehement opposition from Indian leaders and citizens due to its all-British composition and lack of Indian representation.

Protests erupted across the country against the Commission’s undemocratic nature and its disregard for Indian aspirations, further fueling nationalist sentiments.

Both images of Bharat Mata with the image of Germanis in Chapter 1 symbolize national personifications, representing the spirit and identity of their respective nations.

While Bharat Mata embodies India’s cultural and spiritual heritage, emphasizing unity in diversity, Germania represents Germany’s martial prowess and aspirations for unity and strength.

However, Bharat Mata’s depiction often highlights peace and non-violence, contrasting with Germany’s militaristic imagery associated with Germany’s historical militarism.

Also Read: NCERT Solutions and Notes for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 5: The Summit Within (Free PDF)

Let us sit and discuss the following questions of Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in Europe.

Different Social Groups in the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921:
Various social groups participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921, including
– Urban Middle Class
– Peasants
– Industrial Workers
– Students
– Women
– Lawyers
– Business Owners

The three social groups and their hopes and struggles includes the following:

Peasants hoped to raise oppressive practices by landlords and reduce the burden of high rents and taxes.

They struggled against exploitative land tenure systems and sought land reforms to improve their economic conditions. Joining the movement offered them hope for land redistribution and greater autonomy over agricultural resources.

Industrial workers aimed to improve working conditions, secure better wages, and gain recognition for their labor rights. They faced harsh working conditions, low wages, and a lack of job security under British-controlled industries.

Joining the movement provided them with a platform to demand fair treatment, collective bargaining, and improved livelihoods.

Students aspired for educational reforms, freedom of expression, and opportunities for political participation.

They struggled against colonial educational policies that favoured a British-centric curriculum and limited access to quality education for Indians. Joining the movement allowed them to advocate for educational autonomy, cultural revival, and the right to dissent against oppressive policies.

The Salt March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a powerful symbol of resistance against colonialism due to several reasons:

The act of making salt from seawater violated British salt laws, symbolizing defiance against unjust colonial regulations.

The march garnered widespread attention and participation from people across India, transcending regional and social barriers, and showcasing unity in the struggle against colonial oppression.

Gandhi’s adherence to non-violent resistance showcased the moral superiority of the Indian nationalist movement, garnering international support and sympathy for India’s cause.

The Salt March ignited a nationwide civil disobedience campaign, inspiring people to peacefully resist colonial authority and assert their right to self-governance.

As a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement, the experience was transformative and empowering. It meant stepping out of traditional gender roles and actively participating in the struggle for independence.

Despite facing societal expectations and patriarchal barriers, involvement in the movement provided a sense of agency, solidarity, and purpose.

It allowed women to challenge oppressive colonial laws, assert their rights, and contribute to the larger cause of freedom and equality.

Political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates due to various reasons:

Some leaders, like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, advocated for separate electorates for marginalized communities, such as Dalits, to ensure adequate representation and safeguard their interests in legislative bodies.

Others, like Mahatma Gandhi, opposed separate electorates, fearing it would further divide Indian society along communal lines and undermine the unity of the nationalist movement.

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Class 10 NCERT History summary - Self Help Learning PDF Download

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NCERT books from classes 6 to 12 are really important if you want to prepare for the Civil Services Examination (CSE). These books cover all the important topics and help you understand the basic concepts really well. Many questions in the exam come directly from these books, so they're a key part of what you need to study.

For UPSC exams , especially if you're from a commerce or science background, NCERT History books are crucial. History is a big part of the IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 and IAS Mains GS Paper 1. Starting your history preparation with NCERT books is a great idea because it gives you a strong base to build on. This article gives a summary of the important chapters from the Class 10 History NCERT books that you need to focus on for UPSC preparation.

Important Chapters of History Class 10th NCERT for UPSC

Ncert name: india and the contemporary world – 2.

Chapters to Focus on: This book covers significant events in World History from the 18th century, including the industrial revolution, world wars, colonisation, decolonisation, and key events in modern Indian history. Candidates should focus on all key events and the contributions of individuals that had a major impact on the nation.

Let's Start with the summary of chapters one by one

Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Introduction:.

Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist in the 19th century, imagined a future world where democratic and social republics thrived. In 1848, he created a series of prints that depicted this utopian vision. His artwork symbolized hope for a future free from authoritarian rule, emphasizing democracy, equality, and unity among nations.

Details of Sorrieu's Vision:

Statue of Liberty and Enlightenment:

Sorrieu's prints show people from Europe and America honoring the Statue of Liberty. This statue represents freedom and democratic ideals.
The statue holds symbols of enlightenment—a torch and the Charter of the Rights of Man, which symbolize liberty and human rights.

Overthrow of Absolutism:

Sorrieu's prints depict broken symbols of absolutist institutions on the ground. Absolutism is a form of government where one ruler has all the power.
This imagery suggests the rejection of authoritarianism in favor of democracy and equal rights.

Representation of Nations:

Different nations in Sorrieu's prints are recognized by their flags and traditional clothing.
This shows nations coming together, hinting at global cooperation and the pursuit of democratic values.

Divine Imagery:

Religious figures like Christ, saints, and angels are depicted observing the scene from above.
These symbols represent unity among nations and highlight our shared humanity across cultures.

Utopian Idealism:

Sorrieu's artwork reflects a utopian dream of a future world where democratic principles prevail.
During the 19th century, many believed in progress and envisioned a peaceful world governed by democracy and equality.

Conclusion:

Frédéric Sorrieu's prints from 1848 are not just artistic expressions but also symbols of hope and optimism. They capture the 19th-century aspirations for a better world based on freedom, equality, and justice. Sorrieu's vision remains inspiring today, reminding us of our ongoing pursuit of a fair and united global community, free from tyranny and oppression. His artwork continues to resonate as a beacon of humanity's quest for a brighter future.

Chapter 2: Nationalism in India

Introduction.

Modern nationalism in India emerged as a powerful force intertwined with the anti-colonial movement against British rule. It fostered a sense of unity among diverse groups who shared a common goal of achieving freedom and justice. The struggle against colonial oppression not only shaped India's political landscape but also redefined social identities and aspirations during the 20th century.

Growth of Nationalism in India

1920s Onward : Nationalism gained strength with movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience led by the INC.
Inclusivity : The INC wanted to include peasants, workers, and intellectuals in the nationalist movement.
Spread Across India : Nationalist feelings spread across the country through mass movements and protests.
Unity Amidst Diversity : Despite differences in culture and society, Indians found common ground in their struggle against British rule.

Non-Cooperation Movement

Symbolic and Practical : Introduced new symbols and songs to redefine Indian identity and create unity.
Identity and Belonging : Indians felt a stronger connection to each other through their participation in nationalist activities.
Gradual Process : Forming a national identity took time and was influenced by anti-colonial protests and cultural revival.
Shaped by Anti-Colonial Struggle : Protests against British policies shaped how Indians saw themselves as a nation.

Satyagraha Movements

Champaran Movement (1917) : Gandhi's first major protest supporting farmers against British planters in Bihar.
Kheda Satyagraha (1918) : Peasant protest in Gujarat against high taxes during a crop failure.
Ahmedabad Mill Workers (1918) : Workers protested for better conditions and wages in Gujarat.
Against Rowlatt Act (1919) : Nationwide protest against laws allowing detention without trial.

Civil Disobedience Movement and Salt March

1930-1934 : More determined phase in the fight for independence, demanding complete self-rule.
Salt March to Dandi : Gandhi's protest against British salt laws, inspiring nationwide civil disobedience.
Mass Civil Disobedience : Indians boycotted British goods, refused to pay taxes, and peacefully protested against colonial rule.
Unity in Action : The Civil Disobedience Movement showed Indians' united commitment to independence through non-violent means.

Challenges and Unity Efforts

Communal Tensions : Difficulties in bringing Hindus and Muslims together due to British policies and differences.
Gandhi's Initiatives : Efforts to unite Hindus and Muslims through movements like Khilafat.
Diverse Views : Different groups had different ideas about what independent India should look like.
Internal Debates : Discussions within the INC and other groups about how best to achieve independence.

In conclusion, India's journey towards independence was shaped by the inclusive and diverse nature of its nationalist movement. Leaders like Gandhi mobilized millions around the vision of a free and united India, overcoming barriers of class, religion, and geography. The struggle for independence reflected not only a political aspiration but also a quest for social justice and equality. India's nationalist movement serves as a testament to the power of collective action in challenging colonialism and forging a shared national identity.

FAQs on Class 10 NCERT History summary - Self Help Learning

1. What are the main factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism in Europe?

2. How did nationalism in Europe lead to the unification of Italy and Germany?

3. How did nationalism in India impact the Indian independence movement?

4. What were the main challenges faced by nationalists in India during the independence movement?

5. How did the idea of nationalism evolve in India over time?

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Case study 1.

Rise of nationalism in Europe

As a result of intermarriages between European royal families, people often found themselves governed by foreigners who did not even speak the same language as their subjects. Driven by Enlightenment ideals and aspirations for democracy, people yearned for change. They desired to belong to nations that reflected their own culture, history, language, religion, and traditions. Nationalism became the most potent political force of the 1800s, and much of the century’s history is a narrative of people’s struggles to liberate themselves from foreign control.

Q2) What do you understand by the term Balkan Regions? Mark 2

Case Study 2

Q1) What was the role of army in forming the state of Germany? Mark 2

Case Study 3

Q1) What was the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in formation of Italian Republic? Mark 2

Answer Giuseppe Mazzini was a prominent Italian nationalist and leader of the “Young Italy” movement in the 19th century. He played a vital role in promoting the idea of a united Italian republic. His advocacy for Italian unity and independence inspired others, contributing to the eventual unification of Italy in 1861.

Case Study 4

Q1) What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for? Mark 2

Answer Revolutionaries in the context of European nationalism were individuals and groups who advocated for radical and often violent means to achieve national independence and sovereignty. They included figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italy and Lajos Kossuth in Hungary. They played a role in the uprisings and revolutions of the mid-19th century, striving for national autonomy.

Case Study 5

Also See: Nationalism in India

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Case Study Questions Class 10 History -Nationalism In India
Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism in India. Case Study/Passage-Based Questions. Case Study 1: To the altar of this revolution, we have brought our youth as incense'. Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence.
Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science History
Case Study 1. Nationalism in India. 1) According to the historical account presented in Shahid Amin's work, "Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992," on February 4, 1922, a significant group of peasants set fire to the police station in Chauri Chaura, resulting in the tragic death of 22 policemen.
Nationalism in India Case Extract Based Questions Class 10 History CBSE
D. Power of truth and the need to search for it. Answers: (1) Gandhiji successfully fought against the racist regime with a novel method of mass agitation, which he called satyagraha. (2) Satyagraha is considered as a pure soul-force because the idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
Question 1
Answer: From the paragraph. The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. So, the correct answer is (D) - Students, lawyers.
Nationalism in India Class 10 History Previous Years CBSE Extra Questions
4 October 2022. Class 10 Social Science Extra Question. Nationalism in India Previous Years' Questions: The chapter contains two important events in the freedom struggle - The Non-cooperation Movement and The Civil Disobedience Movement- of India have been covered in the chapter Nationalism in India. Other topics include Khilafat issue ...
Nationalism in India : Class 10 history MCQ & Case Study Questions
Ans: B. 33. Gandhiji in his work 'Hind Swaraj' said that: (a) The British must Quit India. (b) Indians must not cooperate with the British. (c) The Government must concede the right to make salt. (d) Indians must be involved in the governance of India. Ans: B.
CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism in India Case Study Questions
Nationalism in India Case Study Questions (CSQ's) Practice Tests. Timed Tests. Select the number of questions for the test: Select the number of questions for the test: TopperLearning provides a complete collection of case studies for CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism in India chapter. Improve your understanding of biological concepts and ...
Class 10 History Chapter 2 Previous Year Questions
Document Description: Previous Year Questions: Nationalism in India for Class 10 2024 is part of Social Studies (SST) Class 10 preparation. The notes and questions for Previous Year Questions: Nationalism in India have been prepared according to the Class 10 exam syllabus. Information about Previous Year Questions: Nationalism in India covers topics like 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018 ...
Nationalism in India Class 10 History Extra Questions and ...
Answer: (i) History and fictions, folklore and songs popular prints and symbols all played a part in the making of nationalism. (ii) In the late nineteenth century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards, and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 2
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India - CBSE Free PDF Download. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 talks about how Congress sought to develop the national movement, how different social groups participated in the movement, and how nationalism captured the imagination of people. In 1919, the First World War broke out in Europe, which had far-reaching ...
CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India Important Questions
In India and as in many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. In Chapter 2 of CBSE Class 10 History, students will study the NonCooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements. They will get to explore how Congress sought to develop the national movement, how different social groups participated in the movement, and how nationalism ...
Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2
Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India. Case Study Question 1: Emboldened with this success, Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).
Extra Questions for Class 10th: Ch 3 Nationalism in India History
Answer. The idea of satyagraha highlight the power of truth and the need to search for truth. (Para - 1, Page No, 55) 4. Name the places where Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha movements. Answer. Champaran in Bihar and Kheda in Gujarat. (Para - 2, Page No. 55) 5.
Case Based Questions Test: Nationalism in India
It wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to take revenge from Brahmans. Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Nationalism in India - Question 1. It wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to gain some power that usually only Brahmans had access to. View Solution.
Nationalism in India Class 10 Important Questions
Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Important Questions. 1. What was the Rowlatt Act? (2011 OD) Answer: Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
Nationalism in India Class 10 History Question ...
class 10 - nationalism in india important question answer / ncert solutions. In this article you will find class 10 history - Nationalism in India NCERT solutions and extra exam oriented questions and answers for Board examination.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India
1. Explain: (a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement. (b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India. (c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act. (d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions and Answers: History
Reason (R): Gandhiji believed that a Satyagrahi could win the battle by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (B) Both A ...
Class 10 History Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Nationalism in India
Nationalism in India Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Short Answers Type. Question 1. Discuss various stages of the Non-cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi. Answer: Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages-It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded.
NCERT solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Nationalism in India
Install Now. NCERT solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Nationalism in India Chapter 3 are available in PDF format for free download. These ncert book chapter wise questions and answers are very helpful for CBSE exam. CBSE recommends NCERT books and most of the questions in CBSE exam are asked from NCERT text books.
Case Study Questions Class 10 History Nationalism In India
Contents. Case Study Questions Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism In India CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 History Nationalism In India. At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 ...
CBSE Class 10
In this session Rashmi Singh Your Teacher will cover all the case based questions for Term 2 History. Bring your friends along. Understand the concept of Case-Based Questions - Nationalism in India (RSYT) with CBSE Class 10 course curated by Rashmi Singh on Unacademy. The Social Science course is delivered in English.
Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Nationalism in
Important Questions and Answers of NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in Europe¨ Let us look at Solutions for NCERT Notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 ¨Rise of Nationalism in India within the lesson. Our subject experts have answered these questions accurately and per the latest CBSE guidelines.
Class 10 NCERT History summary
The notes and questions for Class 10 NCERT History summary have been prepared according to the Self Help Learning exam syllabus. Information about Class 10 NCERT History summary covers topics like Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, Chapter 2: Nationalism in India and Class 10 NCERT History summary Example, for Self Help Learning 2024 ...
Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science History
Mark 2. Answer The rise of nationalism in Europe in 1871 was driven by several factors: Unification movements in Italy and Germany, The decline of multi-ethnic empires, Economic and industrial growth, Promotion of national cultures, The spread of liberal and democratic ideals, The aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War.

Case Study Questions Class 10 History -Nationalism In India

Nationalism in India Case Study Questions With Answers

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Question 1 - Case Based Questions - Chapter 2 Class 10 History - Nationalism in India - History

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Nationalism in India Class 10 History Previous Years CBSE Extra Questions

Nationalism in India CBSE Board Questions

Q. Which of the following was the reason for calling off ‘The Non-Cooperation Movement’ by Gandhiji? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Q. Which of the following event happened on 31 January, 1930? [Diksha]

Q. Who among the following wrote the ‘Vande Mataram’? [2020]

Q. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: [2020]

Q. Why did the Simon Commission come to India? Identify the correct reason from the following options: [2020]

Q. Identify the appropriate reason from the following options, for the nonparticipation of industrial workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement. [2020]

Q. In which of the following places did Mahatma Gandhi organised Satyagraha for the first time in India? [CBSE 2014]

Q. Which one of the following statements is not related to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact? [CBSE 2011]

Q. Why did Indians oppose the ‘Simon Commission’? (2020)

Q. Name the two main leaders of ‘Khilafat Committee’ formed in the year 1919. (2020)

Q. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers? (2020)

Q. Who was the author of ‘Hind Swaraj’? [CBSE 2020]

Q. Name the author of the novel ‘Anandmath’. [CBSE 2020, 17]

Q. How was the Simon commission greeted in India? [CBSE 2021-22]

Q. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain. [CBSE 2021-22]

Q. How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain. [2021-22]

Q. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of India? (SQP 2021-22)

Q. “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement differently.” Justify the statement.

Q. Read the given text and answer the following questions: (SQP 2021-22)

Q. Why did Gandhiji start Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Q. Describe the role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Q. Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Q. Explain the meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the Plantation Workers. How did they respond to the call of the Non-cooperation Movement? [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]

Q. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: (2020)

Q. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement in 1922? (2020)

Q. Explain the implications of the ‘First World War’ on the economic and political situation of India. (2020)

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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter-wise Solutions

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Question 2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

Question 3. Write a newspaper report on: (a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (b) The Simon Commission

Question 4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germanian Chapter 1.