architecture motivation essay

Sample Essay / Motivation letter of Architecture

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Architecture Personal Statement Examples

What is an architecture personal statement?

Your architecture personal statement should tell the university all about your strengths, skills, experience and ambitions.

It should also convey your enthusiasm for architecture and what aspects of the subject you enjoy and why.  

How do I write an architecture personal statement?

It’s a good idea to start your statement with why you want to study architecture at university. Try to choose a specific aspect that you like in particular and why it appeals to you.

Make sure you back up everything with examples (always show, don’t tell). You need to convince the admissions tutors that you they should offer you a place on their architecture course.

A successful architecture personal statement should be written clearly and concisely, with a good introduction, middle, and a memorable conclusion.

For inspiration on how to write your own unique statement, take a look at some of our architecture personal statement examples above, as well as some of our top rated personal statements .

What should I include in my architecture personal statement?

It’s important to include skills and experience from all areas of your life and try to relate them to hobbies or extracurricular activities if they helped you to build up your academic and practical strengths.

Think about how any work experience you have completed, and how it might be useful in your degree.

University admissions tutors want to know what you can bring to their department and why you would be an asset to them.

You need to be a well-rounded individual in terms of talent, knowledge and experience in order to have a chance of being successful with your UCAS application.

What can I do with an architecture degree?

There are many career options for those wanting to study architecture. These include:

• Building surveyor
• Town planner
• Production designer
• Historic buildings inspector
• Structural engineer

However, there are other areas and industries you could work in where your architecture degree would be useful, such as:

• Estates manager
• Landscape architect
• Commercial surveyor

For more information about careers in architecture, please see the National Careers Service and Top Universities .

Which UK universities are the best for architecture?

Currently, the best UK universities for undergaduate architecture are:

For more information about UK university rankings for architecture, please see The Complete University Guide and the Guardian .

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10 ways to find your motivation as an architecture student

Monica Cirstea

  1. Remember your initial motivation for choosing architecture

         2. take a break, 6. use your imagination, 7. find ways to apply what you learn in school, 8. showcase you work, 9. learn new things, 10. communicate, related posts.

Education , Opinion

#ArhiSTART în profesia de arhitect la Novembarh 2023!

Culture , Lifestyle , Opinion

De ce sunt importante tradițiile?

Lifestyle , Opinion

Dacă ne-am cunoaște și altfel…

Best Architecture Essay Examples & Topics

Architecture essays can be challenging, especially if you are still a student and in the process of acquiring information. First of all, you are to choose the right topic – half of your success depends on it. Pick something that interests and excites you if possible. Second of all, structure your paper correctly. Start with an intro, develop a thesis, and outline your body paragraphs and conclusion. Write down all your ideas and thoughts in a logical order, excluding the least convincing ones.

In this article, we’ve combined some tips on how to deliver an excellent paper on the subject. Our team has compiled a list of topics and architecture essay examples you can use for inspiration or practice.

If you’re looking for architecture essay examples for college or university, you’re in the right place. In this article, we’ve collected best architecture essay topics and paper samples together with writing tips. Below you’ll find sample essays on modern architecture, landscape design, and architect’s profession. Go on reading to learn how to write an architecture essay.

Architecture Essay Types

Throughout your academic life, you will encounter the essay types listed below.

Argumentative Architecture Essay

This type uses arguments and facts to support a claim or answer a question. Its purpose is to lay out the information in front of the reader that supports the author’s position. It does not rely on the personal experiences of the writer. For instance, in an argumentative essay about architecture, students can talk about the positive aspects of green construction. You can try to demonstrate with facts and statistics why this type of building is the ultimate future.

Opinion Architecture Essay

This essay requires an opinion or two on the topic. It may try to demonstrate two opposing views, presenting a list of arguments that support them. Remember that the examples that you use have to be relevant. It should be clear which opinion you support. Such an essay for the architecture topic can be a critique of architectural work.

Expository Architecture Essay

This writing shares ideas and opinions as well as provides evidence. The skill that is tested in this essay is the expertise and knowledge of the subject. When you write an expository essay, your main goal is to deliver information. It would be best if you did not assume that your audience knows much about the subject matter. An expository essay about architecture can be dedicated to the importance of sustainable architecture.

Informative Architecture Essay

Such essays do not provide any personal opinions about the topic. It aims to provide as much data as possible and educate the audience about the subject. An excellent example of an informative essay can be a “how-to essay.” For instance, in architecture, you can try to explain how something functions or works.

Descriptive Architecture Essay

It’s an essay that aims to create a particular sentiment in the reader. You want to describe an object, idea, or event so that the reader gets a clear picture. There are several good ways to achieve it: using creative language, including major and minor details, etc. A descriptive essay about architecture can be focused on a building or part of a city. For instance, talk about a casino in Las Vegas.

Narrative Architecture Essay

Here, your goal is to write a story. This paper is about an experience described in a personal and creative way. Each narrative essay should have at least five elements: plot, character, setting, theme, and conflict. When it comes to the structure, it is similar to other essays. A narrative paper about architecture can talk about the day you have visited a monument or other site.

Architecture Essay Topics for 2022

• The most amazing architecture in the world and the most influential architects of the 21st century.
• Some pros and cons of vertical housing: vertical landscape in the history of architecture.
• A peculiar style of modern architecture in China.
• The style of Frank Lloyd Wright and architecture in his life.
• New tendencies in rural housing and architecture.
• Ancient Roman architecture reimagined.
• The role of architecture in pressing environmental problems in modern cities.
• Islamic architecture: peculiar features of the style.
• Earthquake-resistant infrastructure in building houses.
• How precise is virtual planning?
• Houses in rural areas and the cities. How similar are they?
• A theory of deconstruction in postmodern architecture.
• The influence of Greek architecture on modern architecture.
• Aspects to consider when building houses for visually impaired people.
• Disaster-free buildings: challenges and opportunities.
• European architectural influence on the Islamic world.
• The architecture of old Russian cities.

In the above section, we’ve given some ideas to help you write an interesting essay about architecture. You can use these topics for your assignment or as inspiration.

Thank you for reading the article. We’ve included a list of architecture essay examples further down. We also hope you found it helpful and valuable. Do not hesitate to share our article with your friends and peers.

410 Best Architecture Essay Examples

The eiffel tower as a form of art.

• Words: 1361

Mathematics in Ancient Greek Architecture

Islamic architecture: al-masjid al-haram, ka’aba, makka.

• Words: 1190

An Architectural Guide to the Cube Houses

• Words: 3584

Context and Building in Architecture

• Words: 3367

Stonehenge and Its Significance

Gothic revivalism in the architecture of augustus pugin.

• Words: 1704

Futuristic Architecture: An Overview

• Words: 1740

Comparison of Traditional and Non-Traditional Mosques

• Words: 1611

Calligraphy Inscription in Islamic Architecture and Art

• Words: 3269

Filippo Brunelleschi and Religious Architecture

• Words: 2121

Skyscrapers in Dubai: Buildings and Materials

• Words: 2468

Traditional Roman vs. Chinese Courtyard House

• Words: 4070

Empire State Building Structural Analysis With Comparisons

S. r. crown hall: the masterpiece of ludwig mies van der rohe.

• Words: 2216

The Dome of the Rock vs. the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

• Words: 1506

Paper Church Designed by Shigeru Ban

• Words: 1665

Architecture in Colonialism and Imperialism

• Words: 2408

Architecture: Kansai International Airport

• Words: 3829

Louis Sullivan: Form Follows Function

• Words: 1099

The History of Architecture and It Changes

• Words: 3330

Translation From Drawing to Building

• Words: 2289

Harvard Graduate Center Building and Its Structure

The death of modern architecture.

• Words: 2149

Urbanism in Architecture: Definition and Evolution

The architecture of ancient greece found in los angeles.

• Words: 1763

Charles Jencks: Language of Post Modern Architecture

• Words: 2204

Form and Function in Architecture

• Words: 3377

Islamic Architectural Design

• Words: 1407

Kidosaki House by Tadao Ando

• Words: 1064

Architecture as an Academic Discipline

• Words: 1375

Architectural Regionalism Definition

• Words: 3352

Saint Peter’s Basilica

• Words: 1932

The Great Mosque of Djenne Summary

Ancient chinese architecture.

• Words: 1097

Islamic Gardens: Taj Mahal and Alhambra

Influential architecture: summer place in china.

• Words: 1491

Architecture of the Gherkin Building

Greco-roman influence on architecture, the guggenheim museum by frank lloyd wright.

• Words: 3374

Modern Patio House Architecture

Kandariya mahadeva temple and taj mahal: style and meaning.

• Words: 1371

Personal Opinion on the Colosseum as an Artwork

Professional and ethical obligation of architecture.

• Words: 2794

The Evolution of the Greek Temple

• Words: 1934

The St. Louis Gateway Arch

• Words: 1630

Modern Architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier

• Words: 3291

Centre Georges Pompidou’s Design Analysis

Perspective drawing used by renaissance architects.

• Words: 2012

The Water Cube Project and Design-Build Approaches

The bmw central building: location and structure.

• Words: 2671

Risks in Construction Projects: Empire State Building

• Words: 2856

Architecture as Facility Management Principle

Greek revival influenced american architecture.

• Words: 3104

Monumentalism in Architecture

• Words: 2840

The Garden by the Bay Architectural Design

Design theory in “ornament and crime” essay by loos.

• Words: 1752

Islamic Architecture: Environment and Climate

• Words: 1436

Ronchamp Chapel From Le Corbusier

• Words: 3434

The Question of Ornament in Architectural Design

• Words: 1971

The Getty Center in Los Angeles

• Words: 1314

Architecture History. Banham’s “Theory and Design in the First Machine Age”

• Words: 1254

The Church and Reliquary of Sainte-Foy: Contextual Analysis

The architecture of the medieval era: key characteristics, fashion and architecture: relationship.

• Words: 5634

The Parthenon and the Pantheon in Their Cultural Context

• Words: 1416

History of Architecture: Italian Mannerist and Baroque Architects

• Words: 3001

Connections of Steel Frame Buildings in 19th Century

• Words: 2681

Trinity Church: An Influential Architectural Design

• Words: 1374

“Architecture: The Story of Practice” by Cuff

Contemporary issues in the field of architecture that affect working, japanese shrines architecture uniqueness.

• Words: 2280

Tadao Ando and the Modern Way of Living

• Words: 2170

Pyramids of Giza and Their Construction Mystery

Homa capital columns’ at ancient persian persepolis city, postmodern architecture vs. international modernism.

• Words: 1655

“4” Wonders of the World

Use of mathematics in architecture, columns and walls of mies van der rohe’s barcelona pavilion.

• Words: 1518

Expressionism in Architecture: The Late 19th and the Early 20th Century

• Words: 1927

Adolf Loos’s Architecture in Modernist Theory

• Words: 1970

The Pantheon of Rome and the Parthenon of Athens

Beijing daxing international airport.

• Words: 3588

The Parthenon: Notable Features of the Parthenon

Arc de triomphe. history. construction.

• Words: 2326

Critical Evaluation of the Landscape Architecture

• Words: 2865

Calligraphy as Fundamental Element of Islamic and Chinese Art

• Words: 3844

Background of the Formalism in the 20th Century

• Words: 3542

The Vebjorn Sand da Vinci Project

• Words: 3579

Modern Architecture: Mary Gates Hall

The portunus temple: a creation of the ancient times.

• Words: 1156

Muqarnas Vaults: Creative and Progressive Design Process

• Words: 3110

The White House Building

Positive and negative aspects of acoustics: 30 the bond building.

• Words: 1118

National Identity in Asian Post-War Architecture

• Words: 2869

Roman Architecture and Engineering

Psychological consideration in proposed architectural plan, aspects of organic architectural philosophy, maya lin’s vietnam veterans memorial, modern architecture: style of architecture, the yangzhou qingpu slender west lake cultural hotel, frank lloyd wright’s approach to sustainability, how did adolf loos achieve sustainability, the lovell beach house by rudolph schindler, the st. denis basilica virtual tour, architecture of moscow vs. sankt petersburg, the east san josé carnegie branch library’s architecture, analysis of byzantine architecture, cultural impact on muslim architecture.

• Words: 1152

Egyptian & Greek Art & Architecture

The angkor vat temple, cambodia, the gothic style in architecture and art, how architectural styles reflect people’s beliefs.

• Words: 1720

Renaissance and Executive Order Draft: Summary

The building of the georgia state capitol and the sidney lanier bridge.

• Words: 1222

Five Points for an Architecture of Other Bodies

Vietnam veterans memorial by maya ying lin, european influence on the architecture of the americas, architeture and function in buddhism, christianity, and islamic religion.

• Words: 1904

Why Neo-Gothic Architecture Became Popular in the 19th Century

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My Journey as an Architecture Student and My Mission as a Future Architect

By Alejandra Salas

When I was a child, I remember walking by the historic center of Lima with my family and being mesmerized by the old colonial buildings and churches around us. Those old yet fascinating structures made me feel happy and confused at the same time because I wanted to know who built them and how, which aroused my curiosity in a particular sense — I wanted to do the same, I wanted to create something that will last through time. Playing with watercolors and clay at a young age allowed me to express and explore my creativity in arts and crafts. Yet, when I was ten years old, I felt comfortable drawing utopical cities in my sketchbook just for fun, then I turned my funniest hobby into a real commitment — I decided to become an architect. My parents were beyond happy to hear that from their youngest daughter because I was the first one choosing an artsy career, coming from a family full of economists, accountants, and engineers, so my journey started there.

While enjoying my high school journey, I quickly realized I had to prepare myself for my next big step — apply to an architecture school. I had to do a lot of research about schools in my city of Lima, Peru, and also think about the possibilities of studying abroad. Before deciding what would be a five-year commitment, I re-thought all my available options regarding career hunting, and once again I ensured myself that architecture was my thing. 

The art of design and creating something that comes out of your creativity and imagination is beyond crazy yet fascinating. I decided to pursue architecture as a career because it allows you to express your thoughts through spaces, design with fun and precision, and more importantly, it is rewarding to develop a project and watch it turn into a human-scale reality. An architect's duty is to design and create a physical environment for human beings, but more than just the built environment, it's also a part of our culture that somehow evokes different emotions in people. 

Nobody told me that university life was easy; I learned myself that surely it is not. Studying at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (UPC) gave me an amazing experience; through their classes and instructors, I was able to learn from the best architects of Lima. From long nights, few hours of sleep, to hectic project deadlines, that was my daily basis as an architecture student and I embraced it. Moreover, architecture school taught me strength, patience, and resilience; yet, it also gave me the best colleagues and friends that I have in life. Overall, design school was fine, but I wanted to emphasize my career in sustainable architecture, and that is when I decided to study abroad and pursue my studies in environmental design; afterall, sustainable design is the future approach to housing development for future generations.  

(At my final project presentation with Instructor Hugo Iberico)

My inspiration, when it comes to design came from famous architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Tadao Ando. These architects applied a naturalistic concept in their designs,  which is the balance between human habitation and the natural world. Sustainability is important in every sense, which is why I believe that creating a balance between craftsmanship and nature is key for a better future. In my designs, my main goal is to be aware of the environmental impact; therefore, design with climate is the smartest way to approach climate change. The orientation of the sun and wind are helpful tools when designing that will provide natural solutions regarding heating and cooling without electricity. Even though the world’s technology is advancing in a colossal way, there is not much innovation on how to reduce gas emissions, which is the main factor of climate change. This is why it is important to create awareness on how to enhance the use of our natural resources for housing development among growing communities. I believe we all came to this world with a purpose and I’ve found mine — design with nature and build a world without environmental damage or at least do my best to make it that way. 

(Fallingwater House by Frank Lloyd Wright) 

Alejandra Salas from Lima, Peru, is an architecture student and new International Peer Mentor at Truckee Meadows Community College . 

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How to write a thrilling architecture essay

How to Write a Thrilling Architecture Essay Tips, Building Writing Advice, Design Education Guide

How to Write a Thrilling Architecture Essay

Oct 5, 2020

Architecture is an amazing art of designing buildings. Born at the intersection of bold imagination and progressive engineering,  it gives us a physical environment where we live, work, study, go in for sports, etc. People, who bound their destinies with this field, have a perfect sense of beauty and good analytical skills. They used to convey ideas with the help of drawings, 3D modeling, and precise calculations. Yet when it comes to essays or articles, it could be challenging for them to express thoughts.

In this post, we share recommendations on how to compose an awesome text on architecture and meet academic writing standards.

We have been inspired by helpful blog posts from the online writing service agency shinyessays.com ; professional writers of this custom essay company specialize in all types of college projects, including a research paper and an academic assignment. Thus, their hints are backed by real experience and competent knowledge.

Besides, we have read some latest articles devoted to the architecture to stay on top of things. And we have received a lot of help from the research provided by the above custom paper writing company as a part of research paper writing service and related assistance.

Ideas and tips on your best architecture essay

Shinyessays.com, providing assignment writing services, has shown us a checklist on composing an essay for students. We have analyzed it, added our suggestions, and here are our recommendations on how to come up with an academic paper devoted to architecture.

1.   Narrow the topic

“Architecture” is a broad concept. Think about things that interest you and make a choice in accordance with these preferences. When you write about your passion, you have enough motivation to do in-depth research and learn more about the issue.

Check out some variants from experts if you do not know where to start.

• The latest trends in architecture.
• The evolution of English architecture.
• The most unusual buildings.
• Eco-friendly trends in architecture.
• Cheap buildings for families.
• The architecture of native Americans.
• Your dream architectural project.
• Compact buildings for millennials.
• Technologies used in architecture.

2.   Study the topic

Specialists providing research paper writing help say that information is the basis of any essay. Today, you get endless opportunities to find the data you need. But first, start with your own experience. Have you already done any architectural projects? Share your observations. Search for additional facts online. Expert opinion articles, historical literature, pictures of buildings can come in handy. Pay attention to the learning materials recommended by your professors. As a rule, they contain the most useful information.

3.   Determine the style of the essay

When you know the type of essay, you can easily organize your thoughts. The writer from Shinyessays.com recommends an argumentative genre of writing. Find enough facts to prove your point of view, and your paper will look solid and compelling. You can also use a compare-and-contrast style if you write about different architectural styles. However, it is all up to the goals of your assignment.

4.   Make an outline

Before writing an essay, come up with its scheme. Most college papers must have an introductory paragraph, a body, and a conclusion. Yet, some assignments require a more complicated structure.

5.   Write the text of your essay

Adhere to the structure and the style of your paper.

✓ Start with a catchy phrase and explain the thesis of your essay. For instance, this sounds interesting: “A Tree-House School is a new architectural project by Valentino Gareri , established to educate pupils in the post-pandemic world.”

✓ Give the main idea in the body paragraph. Use reliable facts, modern statistics data, examples from real life, and logical explanations to prove your opinion. In order to make your essay readable, use transitional expressions between paragraphs.

Professors, above all, expect to see fresh ideas and new findings in your paper. So share your personal opinion on the issue and try to offer new suggestions.

✓ Sum up your thoughts in conclusion. Write a short answer to the main issue of the essay. If you do not have strict rules concerning the structure, leave an intriguing question in the end.

6.   Revise your paper

A perfect essay is a mistake-free text. Thus, check, correct, and polish your paper so that it looks brilliant. The fastest way to do it is to use online software, such as Grammarly.com, for instance. You can buy a premium version and get helpful recommendations on the improvement of grammar and punctuation. The one who orders this account receives access to vocabulary suggestions and a plagiarism detector.

The above tips are helpful not only for crafting essays, but they will also come in handy for composing blog posts or creative writing projects on architecture. The main thing is to find a good idea, give clear explanations, and add personal reflections on it.

Comments on this How to Write a Thrilling Architecture Essay advice article are welcome.

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23 Tips on Being a Great Architecture Student (& Thrive!)

You might already have several of the traits that make for a good architecture student.

However, there is no harm in learning some of the things you can do to make the most of your life as a student architect while creating an unforgettable impression on your professors and peers.

Fortunately, there is nothing inherently complicated about becoming a better architecture student than before, provided you take note of some fundamental tips and filling in those places you feel you might be lacking.

There are many qualities of a good architecture student.

1. Sharpen Your Creativity

Creativity is an obvious but crucial aspect of how to be a great architecture student.

You are probably already aware of the creativity expected of you, but always strive to discover new outlets for generating new and innovative ideas, anytime and anywhere you can.

Visit and observe the design projects by senior students displayed in the school atrium. There are numerous such displays put up all year round, so do not miss the opportunity to see what others are doing. You would stand to learn a thing or two.

Make a habit of flipping through architectural journals. Architects and designers from around the world come up with great, creative work all the time, and they can be a great source of inspiration to keep developing your creativity.

Creativity is a muscle, keep pushing it hard and force it to grow.

2. Be Ambitious

You need to look ahead and let the image of your future tug you toward it.

If you keep whatever horizon you have envisioned for yourself in the mind’s eye, you will be much more successful in crossing it than if you let it fade away.

The sky is the limit in a creative field such as architecture. Set your ambition and let your hard work respond in tandem.

3. Be Passionate

While architecture is endlessly fascinating, it cannot appeal to everyone – demand is limited after all. Whatever your reasons for being an architecture student, they should appeal to you emotionally .

Like anything, pursuing architecture due to obligatory reasons will lead to a dull existence. Either go on a journey to kindle your passion or reconsider your career choice.

It is never too late.

But seeing that you chose architecture, put your heart and soul into it, and it will reciprocate with enjoyment and fulfillment in equal measures.

4. Be Open-Minded

The nature of any field that is subjective lends itself to disagreements and nonconformity.

You will not like some of the ideas that your peers seem eager to boast about; you might not like a tutor’s critique; but this is to be expected, and it is absolutely fine.

However, always consider the reasoning behind another person’s ideas and try to switch perspectives. You may not change your mind but you learn to accept differences in opinions more calmly.

Design is a never-ending process. Feedback often could provide you with the epiphany for the design tweak to produce the solution you were looking for.

5. Do Not Fear the Uncertain

What will the role of the architect look like in twenty years?

Will architecture still be profitable in ten years?

What will the job market look like when I graduate?

Take the time to tell yourself: “I’m not sure, but that’s alright.” Do not waste your much-needed willpower as an architecture student worrying over the unknowable.

Instead, convert angst into pleasant wonder for the endless possibilities of what is to come and continually work to improve and learn new skills.

6. Frequently Rekindle Your Interest

It is easy to get bogged down by the monotony of assignments and exams and resent the thing you once loved. It is a good idea to separate the issue into two separate parts: architecture and busywork.

Do not let the latter give the former a sour taste. If needed, walk around campus and admire (or silently mock) the various buildings.

Go online, look at images from around the world, take a ride around a nearby city, and remind yourself of the wonderful things architecture can be, and stay motivated in school .

7. Embrace Rejection

It is unlikely you will enjoy rejections, but it is a probability for anybody who puts their creativity out there for others to judge.

The dating kind aside, know that rejection is never personal (it can’t be if they do not know you personally). Rejection is not a mope tool; it is a growth tool, provided you accept it as such.

In fact, when informed analysis follows rejection, it can only help you improve.

8. Enjoy the Process of Improvement

Improvement works in tandem with failure and rejection. The last two things are a queue to fix something, so add that to your arsenal of skill-building weaponry.

While mediocre work might demotivate you initially, these “bad” designs can show up a couple of years later next to your subsequent works, and you may blow your mind with how much better of an architect you have become.

Continual upskilling is one of the only true ways to hit the six-figure salary mark as an architect .

9. Develop Sound Planning Skills

Planning skills are universally beneficial, and architecture is no exception.

Once the semester kicks into high gear, you will get inundated with assignments and deadlines. Treat them as an opportunity to plan and prioritize, so the most important task gets done first as you continually check off the list.

Developing these will let you be more successful in setting career goals and adapting to the future – a skill set that becomes increasingly pertinent.

10. Anticipate the Future

Make sure you understand this going in: architecture is one of the most “subject to change” careers you could have chosen.

As cultures move on, as technology advances, and as tastes and styles ebb and flow as quickly as the tides themselves, you need to be ahead to produce relevant designs consistently.

You want to be well-versed in being that student who is always one step ahead of their peers and constantly blowing minds.

11. Get Comfortable with Technology, but…

Technology moves fast – just like architecture.

In the 21st century, computer-aided drafting and computer-generated visualization have become a career staple for most architects. Therefore, gaining mastery in software and technology, in general, will keep you from lagging behind.

12. Do Not Lose Touch with Freehand Drawing Skills

Anyone can operate computer software given enough time, but not all can visually communicate ideas as skillfully as architects.

The art of freehand sketch separates architects from non-design specialists such as engineers – the ability to instantly transfer thought onto paper via the tip of a pencil.

The importance of freehand sketching skills for architects cannot be overstated. You will do well not to lose it as you gain mastery of design software.

13. Seek Inspiration from Your Peers

There is no reason to be apprehensive about being willing to learn from others. Each head is a different mind with unique ideas, and there is nothing wrong with learning new concepts from your equals.

Work in the studio more than in isolation, if that is not too much of an inconvenience. Seek the company of those with the same motivation and drive to excel.

Know, too, that it is reciprocal and that others are liable to be inspired by you, granting irreplaceable pride.

14. Seek Inspiration from Your Surroundings

What kind of buildings adorns your campus? If you attend a renowned architecture school, it makes sense that thorough contemplation and effort went into designing the buildings.

While this may not always be applicable, many students may find a desire to reach out to alumni who could have been involved in design projects.

15. Strive to Inspire Others

The greatest pride in being an architect is inspiring others to follow in your footsteps.

It is not too early to wow your peers and professors with your creativity through your projects.

You may not feel you have the gift of motivating others, but by striving to get your ideas out there, you might be surprised by the motivational powers of your work.

16. Understand Your Purpose

Understanding your purpose may not help with your grades, but it will help keep you driven to keep at it. Ask yourself what yourspecific reasons are for wanting to pursue architecture.

It may seem redundant, but it will help you push through the monotony of schoolwork and the stress from unending deadlines in pursuit of something bigger beyond.

17. Stay Ahead Academically

Sure, C’s get degrees, but A’s amaze and B’s are brilliant.

Do not let anyone, for a second, think you are not dedicated to putting everything you have out on the table to becoming the best architect you can be.

Work on building discipline if you need to so you can knock out assignments with fervor and maintain an edge over your peers.

18. Express Creativity Outside of Architecture

Take classes that provide outlets or join clubs that let you express yourself in new ways.

Creativity is the keystone of architecture. So, anything from music to writing fiction will ensure that that valuable attribute is pushed past its limits, making you a better architecture student even through the pursuit of unrelated but equally creative subjects.

19. Be Confident in Promoting Yourself

Again, this is one of those things that you can apply to nearly any field, but it just happens to be particularly crucial for the architecture student.

Sadly, your designs, your ambition, your creativity, and all of your other positive attributes are not enough to drive you ahead of the competition.

As a student, you will be surrounded by brilliant peers, some you may view as more competent than you – do not push yourself down! The second you believe you are inferior is the second the self-fulfilling prophecy begins to unfold.

Likewise, the second you believe you are good enough is the second you begin to convince others of the same thing.

20. Good Presentation Skills Aren’t Inborn

Presentation skills are your opportunity to show what you are capable of, but unfortunately, they are the bane of many students of all majors.

An architectural presentation can ruin an otherwise great design either by boring the audience to tears or demonstrating incompetency, whether or not there is any.

Be bold – believe in your ideas and back them up with solid arguments and effective illustrations; quality matters more than quantity. Stand up for your brainchild. Nobody else would.

Equally – observe and learn what others are doing right. Analyze the weaker presentations and remind yourself of how they could be better. Apply them in your next presentation and always seek to improve on the one before.

Remember – practice until you drop, take deep breaths, and practice impromptu responses to nail the Q&A.

See these tips on architecture presentations to nail your next design crit.

21. Learn the Art of Professionalism

Even though you might be in college, it is best to stop acting like that sooner or later.

Go ahead and behave – at least around those who judge your performance – as if you are employed at an architecture firm and crushing your work.

Consider investing in a decent suit for special occasions, such as a final graduate presentation.

22. Build Good Connections

Being an architecture student likely means you are in the presence of hundreds of others (if you attend a medium to large university) with whom you may establish lifelong connections.

Social skills may not be your forte, but always keep an eye out for other successful students through classes or organizations, and you may establish yourself within a group that pushes one another to success.

When student architects graduate and step into the working world in different directions, you never know when or where your next career opportunity might come from.

23. Keep Your Eyes Open

Just look around. Always absorb what is around you. Never stop taking in information. The development of a young architect is not merely confined within the campus setting.

A great architect is always seeking inspiration and ideas. The best way to get as much as you can is always to be mindful of developments around you, academically and professionally.

Try to be involved in activities beyond completing assignments and meeting deadlines. The more stimuli you take in on a daily basis, the more resources your brain has to work with on your next project.

Architecture

Why Do You Want To Study Architecture Essay

Reasons for studying architecture.

Studying architecture is a challenging yet worthwhile endeavour. It involves knowledge of the past, a critical eye for the present, and preparation for the future. For many, the pursuit of architecture is motivated by a passion for creativity, a love of problem-solving, and an appreciation for the art and beauty of structures around them. In addition, studying architecture provides the means to gain a better understanding of the history and culture of our built environment.

Architecture is uniquely synthesized from many different disciplines, each of which are vital components of its theory and practice. Mathematics, science, art, social sciences, history, philosophy, and technology all make up the essential components of architecture. With this holistic approach, architects have the opportunity to develop knowledge, insights, and skills that make them well-rounded professionals, equipped to tackle challenges in a variety of settings.

A student of architecture also gains a more profound appreciation of our urban landscapes—how people interact with them, where the communities have come from, and what drives their design. By studying the various components of urban planning, architecture students gain deeper insight into the relationship between societies, technology and the environment. Moreover, they develop tools that help them contribute to the betterment of our urban environment.

Furthermore, studying architecture provides countless opportunities for personal and professional growth. Graduates enjoy the advantage of working in one of the most exciting, rapidly changing and highly competitive industries. Through learning to design, research and develop projects, architecture students build a strong foundation for a future career. Moreover, the profession of architecture provides a unique blend of intellectual stimulation, creativity, and practical problem-solving.

Not surprisingly, the demand for architects is typically high, as the industry is continually growing, evolving and changing. From construction of larger and more complex projects to the development of smaller, more efficient and sustainable spaces. Architects are at the forefront of this work, playing a pivotal role in the design and development of more liveable, more efficient and more sustainable places.

Backed by the right qualifications, hard work and experience, there are many possibilities to succeed as an architect. As an architect, one will contribute to the transformation of cities and environments, challenging them to think harder and be better. Exciting, rewarding, and refreshingly creative, the field of architectural design is packed with great potential.

Creativity and Practicality in Design

One of the most appealing aspects of studying architecture is the opportunity to explore design and creativity. Aspiring architects are captivated by the prospect of forging ideas and inspiring projects into tangible built environments, as well as exploring different types of design, materials and concepts to push the boundaries of what is possible. Combined with careful thought, excellent problem-solving capabilities, and strong planning and construction skills, architects can use their creativity to augment their existing knowledge and experience.

For any aspiring architect, understanding the power of design can provide a critical foundation for success. As such, students of architecture should explore the fundamentals of design principles, aiming to incorporate creative and innovative approaches into their work. Whether it’s through experimentation with form, colour, light, sound, graphics, materials or other elements, it’s essential to explore different material and construction technologies, and how these can be used to create contemporary and effective architectural designs.

In addition to the creative side, practicality is also a key factor in the success of any project. Good design necessitates an understanding of building science, engineering, and a thorough exploration of the environment, terrain and site where the structure will be built. According to architecture professor William Fogler, “the key to building successful projects lies in the degree of collaboration between the architect and the builder, as well as in the careful understanding of the “four Rs”—requirements, resources, reality, and responsibility.”

Ultimately, aspiring architects must understand the principles of design and its implementation in order to succeed in the field. Developing the fundamental skills, from traditional drafting to modelling to designing in a computer-aided environment, will equip them with the tools to pursue a successful career in the field.

Interior Design in Architecture

Interior design is an important aspect in architecture, as it shapes informal spaces, as well as enhancing the atmosphere of a room or building. The interior design of a building should match both the nature of its use and the occupants’ needs, creating a space that both aesthetically pleasing and efficient. Architects typically start with a concept or an idea to guide their design, from which they create a detailed plan or blueprint. Utilizing a wide array of materials, colors, lighting and furniture, architects can create unique and distinctive interiors suited to the occupants’ individual needs and preferences.

Architects must take into consideration the technical aspects of interior design, such as electrical wiring, plumbing access and ventilation, to ensure efficient operation of the room. It is also important to consider acoustics—noise levels coming in and out of a room—as well as the temperature and humidity level which can affect indoor air quality.

In addition to formulating the technical aspects of interior design, architects must also handle its visual elements. It is important to be aware of the principles of design, such as balance, contrast, proportion and scale, which are essential for creating visually appealing spaces. Understanding how to effectively apply the elements of design, can result in a space that seamlessly interacts with the building, creating a unique and well-crafted look.

Energy Efficiency in Architecture

In today’s world, architects are expected to create designs using materials and technologies that are energy efficient. From clever insulation and light systems to renewable energy systems, architects have the opportunity to explore innovative ways to reduce the impact of their designs on the natural environment. Incorporating green building standards into new and existing structures, as well as selecting materials that are as low-impact and energy efficient as possible, help to lessen their contribution to global warming.

More experienced architects explore ways to convert a traditional building into a “green” building that generates its own power, uses renewable resources and recycles its own waste. By integrating sustainable practices such as eco-friendly roofing and energy-efficient glazing into their designs, architects can create buildings that reduce carbon emissions and water usage, while also reducing energy costs over the lifetime of the building.

In addition, architects can use cutting-edge techniques and materials, such as insulated wall systems and advanced insulation, to create buildings that incrementally reduce their environmental impact. Such practices help to create more comfortable, efficient and cost-effective living and working spaces, with higher property values and positive impacts on the surrounding natural environment.

Training for Architects

To pursue a career in architecture, it is important to have the right academic qualifications, practical experience and interpersonal skills. The intensive nature of the professional requires a solid educational background that encompasses knowledge in various disciplines, such as mathematics and design theory. According to the American Institute of Architects, “To be credentialed as a professional architect, continual education and training is essential for keeping abreast of the latest technological advances, new building materials, construction methods, and legal codes and regulations.”

Thus, aspiring architects must be prepared to learn and study a wide array of material, as well as practice different techniques and methods of design. In order to stay current in their field, architects must be willing to keep up with the ever-changing trends and policies of architecture, in addition to the standard material taught in any architecture program.

Architects also need to understand the scientific and engineering principles underlying the design process, and develop the analytical and problem-solving skills required to accurately assess the complexities of a project. Moreover, it is important to have well-developed communication and presentation skills, in order to effectively complete a project.

Role of the Architect

Understanding the social and ethical responsibilities of the architect is an essential step towards success in the profession. Aspiring architects need to be well aware of the profound impact their work can have on the environment, on people, and on generations yet to come. As such, they must use scrupulous judgment, sustainability, and adaptability as core principles. To this end, architects must strive to find the delicate balance between innovation and necessity—recognizing the inherent beauty in the natural environment, and employing principles of sustainable design.

Moreover, architects should be cognizant of the dwindling resources available to us, such as water, land, oxygen, and other natural resources. Increasing the efficient and responsible use of these resources is essential for reducing our dependence on them and protecting them for future generations. To this end, architects should strive to use recycled and sustainable materials, ensure their buildings are energy efficient, and aim to create spaces that contribute positively to the environment.

At the end of the day, the role of an architect is as much creative as it is practical. Working collaboratively with clients and other professionals, architects have the ability to envision and bring to life cities, towns, societies and lifestyles of the future.

Anita Johnson

Anita Johnson is an award-winning author and editor with over 15 years of experience in the fields of architecture, design, and urbanism. She has contributed articles and reviews to a variety of print and online publications on topics related to culture, art, architecture, and design from the late 19th century to the present day. Johnson's deep interest in these topics has informed both her writing and curatorial practice as she seeks to connect readers to the built environment around them.

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Essay on Architecture

Students are often asked to write an essay on Architecture in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Architecture

Introduction to architecture.

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. It involves creating structures that are functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing.

Role of Architecture

Architecture plays a crucial role in our lives. It provides us with spaces to live, work, and play. Good architecture can inspire us and make our lives better.

Types of Architecture

There are many types of architecture, including residential, commercial, and landscape. Each type serves a different purpose and requires unique design considerations.

Importance of Architecture

Architecture is important because it reflects our values, culture, and history. It’s a way for societies to express themselves and leave a lasting legacy.

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250 Words Essay on Architecture

Introduction.

Architecture, a term that resonates with the design of buildings and physical structures, is a multidimensional discipline that intertwines art, technology, and culture. It’s a field that not only shapes our physical surroundings but also impacts our social, economic, and environmental contexts.

The Evolution of Architecture

The evolution of architecture is a testament to human ingenuity and adaptability. From the primitive huts of ancient civilizations to the glass skyscrapers of the modern era, architectural designs have evolved in response to changing needs, resources, and technologies. This evolution is not linear but cyclical, with styles and techniques often revisited and reinterpreted in new contexts.

Architecture as a Reflection of Culture

Architecture serves as a mirror to society, reflecting cultural values, beliefs, and aspirations. Each architectural structure is a physical manifestation of the era’s zeitgeist, embodying the prevailing ideologies, technologies, and aesthetic sensibilities. In this sense, architecture becomes a historical narrative, telling stories of societies and civilizations.

The Role of Technology in Architecture

Technology has been a driving force in the evolution of architecture. From the use of simple tools in primitive structures to the implementation of advanced software in modern designs, technology has expanded the possibilities of what can be achieved architecturally. It has facilitated the creation of complex, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing structures that were once unimaginable.

In conclusion, architecture is a dynamic discipline that intersects various fields and reflects the progression of human society. It’s an art form that not only serves practical purposes but also embodies cultural narratives and pushes the boundaries of technological innovation.

500 Words Essay on Architecture

Architecture is an interdisciplinary field that lies at the intersection of art, science, and culture. It is a discipline that involves designing and constructing environments in which people live, work, and play. Embodying the spirit of an era, architecture reflects societal values, technological advancements, and the creative aspirations of individuals and communities.

The Evolution of Architectural Styles

Architecture has evolved significantly over time, with each epoch producing distinct architectural styles that reflect its unique cultural, technological, and artistic context. The grandeur of the Egyptian pyramids, the symmetry of Greek temples, the ornate details of Gothic cathedrals, and the sleek minimalism of modern skyscrapers each mark a significant phase in architectural evolution.

Architecture as a Reflection of Society

Architecture is often seen as a mirror of society, reflecting the economic conditions, social norms, and cultural values of a period. For instance, the lavish palaces of the Renaissance period showcase the wealth and power of the ruling class, while the functional simplicity of modernist architecture reflects a shift towards efficiency and utility in the wake of industrialization.

Technological advancements have had a profound impact on architecture. Developments in materials, construction techniques, and design software have not only broadened the possibilities for architectural design but have also improved the efficiency and sustainability of buildings. For instance, the advent of steel and reinforced concrete revolutionized the construction of high-rise buildings, while digital design tools have enabled architects to create complex and innovative structures.

Sustainable and Inclusive Architecture

In the face of climate change and increasing urbanization, the focus of contemporary architecture is shifting towards sustainability and inclusivity. Sustainable architecture seeks to minimize the environmental impact of buildings through energy efficiency, use of sustainable materials, and integration of green spaces. Inclusive architecture, on the other hand, emphasizes accessibility and usability for all, regardless of age, ability, or socio-economic status.

Conclusion: The Future of Architecture

The future of architecture is likely to be shaped by further technological advancements, evolving societal needs, and the imperative of sustainability. As architects continue to push the boundaries of design, architecture will remain a dynamic and vital field that contributes significantly to the quality of our built environment and our lives within it.

In conclusion, architecture is a complex and ever-evolving discipline that reflects the spirit of the times. It is a testament to human ingenuity and creativity, shaping our world in profound ways. Through the lens of architecture, we can gain insights into our past, understand our present, and envision our future.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Effects of classrooms’ architecture on academic performance in view of telic versus paratelic motivation: a review

This mini literature review analyzes research papers from many countries that directly or indirectly test how classrooms’ architecture influences academic performance. These papers evaluate and explain specific characteristics of classrooms, with an emphasis on how they affect learning processes and learning outcomes. Factors such as acoustics, light, color, temperature, and seat arrangement are scrutinized to determine whether and by how much they improve or hinder students’ academic performance in classrooms. Apter’s (1982 , 1984 , 2014 ) reversal theory of telic versus paratelic motivation is presented and used to explain these findings. The results show preference for a learning environment that cues a telic motivation state in the students. Therefore, classroom features should not be distracting or arousing. Moreover, it appears the most influential factors affecting the learning process are noise, temperature and seat arrangement. In addition, there is no current agreement on how some particular physical characteristics of classrooms affect learning outcomes. More research is needed to establish stronger conclusions and recommendations.

Telic and Paratelic Motivation

A substantial body of theories already exists on how people evaluate their environments, what elements they prefer, how they interact with physical surroundings and many other related aspects. Especially relevant to a classroom environment would be the approach developed by Apter (1982 , 1984 , 2014 ), who describes two types of motivation—telic and paratelic within reversal mode-based theory of motivation (and personality). Telic motivation is oriented toward achieving a goal, and people in this state look for low arousal environments with an end state being relaxation. On the other hand, paratelic motivation is focused on the activity itself and is triggered by lack of arousal (boredom), therefore heightened arousal is pleasant and people are motivated to seek highly arousing environments when in this motivational state. In telic mode, means-ends motivations are reactive, goal-oriented and end-oriented, whereas in paratelic mode, the motivations are proactive, behavior-oriented and process-oriented. Thus, the assumption of this theory is that students—or anyone attempting to acquire knowledge—would much rather prefer environments that facilitate experiencing a telic state. On the contrary, environments evoking paratelic states would be undesirable as classrooms, as these would not motivate occupants toward essential goals. It is understood that a myriad of theories and frameworks are available for creating well-designed learning environments, e.g., the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization ( Wagemans et al., 2012 ) or Ergonomic Classroom Assessment ( Harik and Fattouh, 2010 ). However, here the focus will be how telic versus paratelic motivation may explain the results of particular research findings.

In following passages, we seek to answer the question of which physical factors of a typical classroom affect academic performance, and in what way. We hope to determine whether it is possible to establish which elements play the most important role, which ones play smaller roles and if there exists disagreement among environmental psychologists regarding this topic. In the following order, these classroom characteristics will be evaluated: (a) acoustics; (b) light; (c) color; (d) temperature; and (e) seat arrangement. In the end, we will show how each one affects the learning process and academic achievement in light of the telic motivation framework.

Noise is well known to have an impact on human performance. Chiang and Lai (2008) investigated and identified some of the negative effects of working in a noisy room, with a focus on young children. They claim that noise influences not only learning outcomes, but also the health of the occupants. In the case of young children, they have not yet developed enough executive skill in activities involving communication channels, like speech comprehension, use of language, and written and oral skills ( Mills, 1975 ). Therefore, interference profoundly interrupts the process of acquiring those essential capacities in children, and noise is far from the only possible kind of interference. Noise undermines reading, writing and comprehension skills, as well as overall academic performance, as noise makes it hard to focus on the task being performed ( DiSarno et al., 2002 ). Chiang and Lai (2008) reviewed previous findings on noise’s harmful effect on mental and physical wellbeing as part of their study. From a plethora of demonstrable effects, the following negative outcomes were reported specifically in the context of a noisy room: getting tired easily, leading to lower efficiency; increased heart rate; dyspepsia; poor appetite; insomnia; headache; tinnitus; and facial pallor (p. 1621).

Zannin and Zwirtes (2009) carried out a study comparing schools built in 1977–2005 according to three different recommended standard designs for school buildings. Reverberation time, sound insulation coefficients and ambient noise were correlated to international standards. Their research confirms what previous studies have found. Many classrooms are simply not comfortable places to acquire knowledge or to be mentally focused at all time, due to noise interference. Zannin and Zwirtes (2009) show that even following standard best practices for design, the results are sub-optimal for a learning environment. Most importantly, the authors highlight that the relative position of schoolyards and recreation spaces is often ill conceived with respect of the rest of the school. In addition, the architectural design and material choices allow for voice and noise to be carried between two adjoined classrooms and hallways.

Noise level is another important issue when looking at how acoustics affects academic performance. No internationally recognized norms on maximum noise levels for classrooms exist, but, for example, Brazil’s regulatory body has mandated a maximum of 40 dB(A) ( Zannin and Marcon, 2007 ). However, one well-controlled study of classroom noise levels revealed values over 40 dB(A) for each of five tested classrooms with open and closed windows ( Zannin and Marcon, 2007 ). In the same study, the authors found that both students and teachers pointed out that noise in the classroom was a major source of disturbance for them. Interviews with 62 teachers and 462 students included questions pertaining to how they evaluated various acoustic aspects of their classrooms. These interviews indicated that bothersome noise came mostly from other classrooms. Presumably, teachers and students in adjoining classrooms spoke too loudly. The study reported that every objectively measured acoustic characteristic of the classrooms (background noise, reverberation time, sound insulation) fell short of Brazil’s standards. In yet another study, researchers showed clearly that classrooms were not a productive and comfortable place to acquire knowledge, because of poor acoustics ( Kruger and Zannin, 2004 ). Zannin et al. (2012) and Zannin et al. (2013) recently found this pattern of negative effects again.

The quality and quantity of light (illumination) undoubtedly influences the perception of comfort in a particular space. Illumination has strong and well-documented effects, but less obvious is the case of light quality. Boray et al. (1989) undertook a study evaluating how different types of lighting (warm white, cool white, and full-spectrum fluorescent) affect various dependent variables, including: cognitive performance, room attractiveness, judged room size, and pleasure of room. They found no significant differences among all dependent variables with respect to the type of lighting used. The researchers could only conclude that management prefers warm white or cool white over full-spectrum light, chiefly because the first two are less costly to buy and maintain.

A natural assumption might be that more light always creates a better, more positive impression of a classroom’s qualities. However, one study clearly shows an upper limit to classroom lighting, above which the lighting has negative effects. Kruger and Zannin (2004) conducted a study in Brazil comparing luminance in classrooms throughout the course of several days in August 2000. One room was equipped with windows with light shelves; another was not. Classrooms were on the same side of the building, and all other variables were held constant. Interestingly, these studies showed that rooms both the with light shelves and without light shelves condition had advantages and disadvantages. In late afternoon, windows with light shelves produced light below prescribed luminance, whereas windows without light shelves created high luminance values throughout the day, which can lead to gradual furniture and fixture damage—and distract students and teachers—as well as increase thermal discomfort. This research shows that even such feature like light shelves might have some drawbacks.

The effects of exposing people to particular colors have always intrigued scientists. Color most certainly affects our experience of the world. For instance, an ongoing debate concerns the peculiarly named color “baker-miller pink,” which is purported to lower stress and anxiety levels, as well as affecting physiological functions—e.g., reducing blood pressure and pulse rate ( Schauss, 1985 ; Profusek and Rainey, 1987 ; Bennett et al., 1991 ). As far back as 1988, Gilliam and Unruh noted that the results of studies on baker-miller pink were incongruent with each other. Therefore, Gilliam and Unruh (1988) investigated the topic themselves, finding no significant differences between peoples’ experience of and reactions to ordinary white walls and the more unusual baker-miller pink walls.

Elliot et al. (2007) exposed participants to the color red, green, or black before giving them a test; they found that exposure to red, even if participants were not consciously aware of the exposure, impaired their academic performance. The effect was found even when a number was written in red ink at the top of a sheet of paper. Greater right frontal hemisphere EEG activation was found when students were exposed to red, which is consistent with similar findings of greater activation in right frontal relative to the left frontal cortex following exposure to the color red.

Another argument for the negative effects of the color red pertains to findings by Gimbel (1997) and Pile (1997) , which are summarized in a table as part of their research paper ( Gimbel, 1997 ; Pile, 1997 as cited in Fisher, 2005 ). Notably, these authors suggest that the color green is best for classrooms. Gimbel (1997) and Pile’s (1997) table also suggests which colors might be responsible for specific student behaviors. For example: red—alert, increased pulse, activity; green—balance, judgment, arrested movement, stasis. However, in his book on environmental psychology, Gifford (2007) argues that performance on math and reading tests did not vary among students who performed in classrooms with different colored walls.

In a brief review of how to design effective study environments, Stone (2001) highlights the lack of a clear relationship between color and mood (working from the assumption that mood is directly connected to performance). Based on a review of dozens of studies, Stone observes that if any relationship does exist, the most likely associations are red and yellow colors with stimulation and blue and green colors with calming effects. Stone also found out that color did have an impact on qualitatively different tasks (math task versus reading task). The color of the surrounding environment affected performance on more difficult tasks, i.e., the reading task. A further finding was that the lowest performance on cognitively demanding tasks was in classrooms with red walls.

Temperature

We argue that temperature plays a significant role in how likely we are to feel comfortable while performing a task. Probably the ideal temperature is one that is hardly noticeable—neither too cold nor too hot. Unsurprisingly, the temperature of classrooms is another important factor that contributes to students’ academic performance. In a literature review of thermal quality and students’ learning, Earthman (2002) highlighted the existence of prime temperature ranges for optimal learning outcomes. Generally, research shows that temperatures between 68 and 74°F—20 and 24°C—are most conducive to comfort and, by extension, learning. In addition, 50% relative humidity was found to be an acceptable value for classrooms ( Earthman, 2002 ). A link between temperature and acoustics exists, ill-maintained air conditioning systems, beside obvious problems with maintaining optimal classroom temperature, may produce considerably uncomfortable noise.

Seat Arrangement

We argue that the seat arrangement is a potent means to efficiently manipulate the physical characteristics of the classroom to ensure high performance of both students and teachers. Douglas and Gifford’s (2001) research incorporated a lens model approach (“a probabilistic representation of the way perceivers use environmental cues to draw inferences about the environment,” p. 296), which was originally developed by Brunswik (1956) . Students and professors, who evaluate classroom physical characteristics, might not at first glance be related to issues of academic performance. However, Douglas and Gifford’s (2001) , at the outset of their study modified a lens model to suit their needs. Students and professors in this study judged how friendly the classroom was and how much they preferred it. Douglas and Gifford (2001) explain how friendliness and overall preference was described on the questionnaire. Friendliness was defined as “(…) how warm, comfortable, etc., the room makes you feel, in your own opinion.” Overall preference was defined as “a global rating of all factors that you consider important to the classroom environment” (p. 298). Each participant was shown two photos of 35 various classrooms, and she evaluated them on the scale just described. Surprisingly, only three characteristics of the classroom explained between 40 and 57% of the variance in the evaluation of friendliness and overall preference by both students and professors. In this study, both groups preferred sociopetal arrangements of seats. Sociopetal arrangement is defined as a placement of chairs and tables in a way that it allows for a greater social interaction amongst students and professors. Two other notable properties were a view of the outdoors and comfortable seats. Not surprisingly, quality of seating was more significant for students, as teachers tend to have comfortable seats owing to their higher status. Douglas and Gifford (2001) pointed out that users of classrooms did not rate highly such classroom properties as brightness, room size and aesthetic complexity.

Douglas and Gifford’s (2001) investigation offers no insights regarding how these various classroom properties are related, nor if they individually or together actually relate to the learning process. However, we argue that it is reasonable to assume that physical characteristics known to elicit positive feelings and make people comfortable in the learning environment must necessarily be correlated with stronger student performance. Being in an appealing classroom, therefore, is far preferable to being in a classroom without sociopetal seating arrangements, a view to the outdoors, and comfortable seats. This assertion remains to be tested, however.

Rosenfield et al. (1985) tested how desk and chair arrangement affected students’ behavior. Elementary school children were measured according to their on-task behaviors, such as hand-raising, discussion comment, questioning/pupil request, listening, out-of-order comment, and speaking; and on their off-task behaviors, such as disruptive conduct, withdrawal, and aggression. The dependent variables mentioned above were clearly defined and measured by trained evaluators. The possible desk arrangements were clusters, rows, and circles. Results showed that students seated in circles showed the most on-task behaviors. The second-best arrangement of desks and chairs was a cluster arrangement, and the least effective was desks arranged in rows. As expected, such variables as sex, age, and attitude toward studying affected students’ scoring, too.

We hope to have offered up an insightful review of the literature and suggested new avenues for study. Inasmuch as the perception of learning environments is invested with desires to complete planned actions, students ideally should experience a telic motivation state (seek low arousal, because they are goal oriented). Pleasant, relatively unstimulating and non-arousing environments must therefore be provided. The finding that the color red is arousing and leads to decreased performance in academic settings, along with many other factors outlined below that have drastic performance impacts, is congruent with the predictions of Apter’s (1984 , 2014 ) telic motivation within reversal theory.

Perhaps not surprisingly, factors that most significantly affect the learning process are noise, temperature, and—somewhat unexpectedly—seating arrangement. In many cases, noise level exceeded international standards, profoundly disturbing staff members and students, not to mention that distracting noise levels have been found to impair childhood development and directly influence one’s health. Temperature and humidity have less dramatic consequences in the learning environment, but if temperature is not maintained at a comfortable level (between 68 and 74°F), this variable may negatively affect students’ performance. The literature on this topic once more supports the classical view of “room temperature” to be valid and supported empirically. One important factor contributing to better temperature control is a well-maintained air conditioning system; however, that same system can increase ambient noise to uncomfortable levels, demonstrating the interactions between different variables. A good compromise between comfortable temperature level and noise level must be discovered, because in general, air conditioning system noise is taken for granted in order to keep in classrooms at a proper temperature.

In the light of Apter’s reversal theory of telic versus paratelic motivation, an easy argument could be made that noise creates a distracting environment, which is not conducive to a telic state in students who wish to focus on a task. Especially prone to decreases in performance are younger children, who usually have not yet developed good coping mechanisms with interference like noise. These students cannot stay long in telic mode if such disturbances are present and persistent in the surrounding environment. In addition, temperature affects the ability to stay focused and goal-oriented, as excess cold or warmth diverts one’s attention toward how to resolve the uncomfortable state instead of focusing on a task. A seemingly incoherent finding regarding telic versus paratelic motivation states is that people appear to prefer sociopetal seat arrangement, which fosters paratelic rather than telic motivation. Seat arrangement that encourages social interaction feeds directly into paratelic goals, such as talking to fellow students and generally being aware of others, which unavoidably diffuses one’s attention. On the other hand, however, human beings are such highly social animals that isolation may actually provoke a paratelic state as part of attempting to decrease the uneasiness felt when opportunities to interact with people are limited. The likely explanation here is that it is preferable to be distracted by others rather than having no opportunity to interact with them, therefore experiencing a lower activation threshold for the paratelic motivation state.

In regards to seat arrangement, a design that provides many opportunities for social interaction is preferred by both students and teachers. However, numerous individual factors play a role, too. Tanahashi (2007) notes that flexibility in seating is important in that it allows for adapting to shifts in teaching styles. In addition, Martin (2002) mentions that the majority of teacher-centered teachers state there is little relationship between their pupils’ learning outcomes and the physical environment where learning happens. However, child-centered teachers claim just the opposite. Insofar as results suggest the benefits of arranging seats in sociopetal configuration and using comfortable seats for both students and teachers, it should equally be mentioned that teaching styles adopted at particular moments must also be considered. However, one might argue that students should not be too comfortable, as excess relaxation could result in a lack of focus. One idea worth investigating is adjustable, ergonomic chairs; while potentially an interesting possibility, the higher cost of such chairs could be a deal breaker for many schools, even if they did prove to positively influence learning outcomes. Last, we provide a suggestion for future research that certain types of learning (e.g., involving creativity or body movement) will benefit most from arrangements that cue paratelic state.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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