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Definition of coursework

Examples of coursework in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'coursework.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

1890, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near coursework

Cite this entry.

“Coursework.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coursework. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

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What is Coursework? An Ultimate Guide to Coursework Writing

Coursework is the most significant part of academic writing that requires so much time and effort. You should consider the guidance of your teachers and your seniors who have similar experiences in writing a coursework. This makes the process of working faster and more effective, which leads to the best outcomes. This guide will help you to understand what coursework is and how to write coursework effectively. 

What is Coursework?

Coursework consists of all basic assignments given to students to evaluate their level of understanding. It includes following types of assignments, such as essay writing , research papers, discussion boards and written reports. To get excellent grades and grade point averages (GPA), students must understand the basic concepts of their courses.

Coursework is difficult to define, even though it is usually important to complete a specific program. This kind of assignment can be completed in a wide range of formats.  If you require any coursework help, you may contact Nerdpapers . 

Importance of Coursework

Coursework is the most common type of assignment that teachers give students to understand their level of learning on a specific topic or subject. Moreover, it shows how well a student understands and uses the topic in various contexts. Through coursework writing, students may improve their research abilities, increase their understanding of a subject, develop their analytical skills, and apply the knowledge they have discovered to use independently. Furthermore, students learn to summarize the topic with key arguments and then draw conclusions from it. 

Types of Coursework

Do you need a "do my coursework writing services"? But do you know that coursework has different types? Five different types of coursework are given to students to write:

Analytical Coursework

Analytical Coursework presents a thesis statement or claim and demonstrates how to study different things. It usually focuses on the literary style of the text rather than the synopsis.

Supportive Commentary

Supportive Commentary helps students to create a single piece of media writing. Coursework should be written in an experimental mode, such as written, spoken, or multimodal. Students must also include a supporting statement that contains all the information and aspects. 

Journal Coursework

Writing journals for coursework is regarded as an act that promotes casual writing as a regular activity. This can take many different forms and is useful for multiple purposes. It can be both creative and personal. In order to organize their thoughts, compose their ideas, and respond to them, students are always expected to keep journals as part of their coursework.

Analytical Study

Analytical study is the process of sharing an analysis of the chosen work and how it relates to the relevant material. It also shows how well the writer understands the entire process of writing. Students should use proper vocabulary and must maintain word consistency. Also, understand the structure and format of writing.  

Commentary and Creative Writing

In commentary and creative writing coursework, students are asked to generate creative content that reflects the tone or style of the assessed text. It also helps to share comments to support the knowledge. Additionally, the major purpose of creative writing and commentary is to demonstrate knowledge, test skills, and engage the target audience through various languages.

Coursework Writing Tips

There are some key points that you should keep in mind while writing coursework. 

It is the worst possible scenario for any kind of academic writing assignment. Today, the internet has tons of relevant information, and professors become rigorous in the context of plagiarism. Your own words should be used in all writing! Use the advised citation style and make references list if you choose to include quotations from the sources. Claim that it is your own project and sign the declaration.

Keep in mind the precise guidelines for the coursework's length. Specify whether the references, appendices, and footnotes are counted as part of the word count.

Browse the possible topics. Try to pick a relevant coursework topic that is similar to the subject of the upcoming exam if one will be held on it. 

Get Help from Tutor

Never ignore your teacher's advice; ask for their guidance on your topic. Also, to learn more, ask questions, but remember they may only read the first draft once and give general suggestions.

Perfect Coursework Writing Structure

The precision required for coursework writing depends not only on the writing process but also on the design. Even if you produce a stunning and thoroughly researched paper for the professor, poor design will still result in bad grades. We have chosen the most significant components to build a flawless coursework structure for you after reviewing many coursework standards. The structure consists of the following main components:

Introduction or Opening

The first step is to write the coursework introduction after choosing a topic. This introduction section needs to be extraordinary to catch the reader's attention. Make sure to include all essential details, and keep it brief or precise. 

Include any background data about the topic you have chosen. Write down your goals as well. This section should contain your thesis statement. Also, write the introduction in such a way that it serves as the reader's guide.

Main Body 

Your hard work and dedication will be reflected in this section. In the body section, you should add every minute detail you discovered on your research journey. Additionally, this section will be written in the past tense with an informative tone. 

Readers may find research findings boring because they are just stats and figures. Therefore, this section should include appealing tables, graphs, infographics and charts to make it interesting. Mention each statistic as it is; do not change any findings. 

Summarize your whole coursework in this section. The conclusion needs to be short while covering all the details. You might mention the essential takeaways from the coursework.

How to Write a Coursework: Step-by-Step Guide

It's time to start researching and writing once you've chosen a topic that excites you. 

Research is the most crucial part of any writing project. A lot of effort and time is required, but it is worthwhile because it serves as the core of your work and helps establish and defend your point of view.  You can find the necessary information from many primary and secondary sources. Always double-check the information you get online because not all of it is reliable, and some of it can be out of date. Make notes on each source you consult while researching, including the definition, quotation, or information you discovered. Make a table with citations or links to web sources. It is also very helpful to utilize such a table while writing the bibliography section.

Planning 

At the planning phase, it is advised to make a rough outline of your coursework, decide which information you will add, and what points you should add in each section. Making a plan first and then sticking to it is very helpful.  For example, create a table and include all steps of your work with the dates when you want to work on them. This is a fantastic method for time management and a great way to quit delaying things so you can finish them before the deadline.

Drafting 

It could be challenging to write the initial draft of a lengthy article. However, there isn't much you can do about it. In this scenario, the sole piece of guidance that is appropriate is to start writing. Once you start putting together your coursework, you'll observe that there aren't a lot of differences between your paper and other typical written assignments. The section for which you have the most information should come first. These academic papers are never written according to the structure's order. The opening portion of your paper is where you can begin writing because it is more general than the rest.  You can pick out some interesting, pertinent coursework examples or reports to discuss in your writing so your reader will better understand the issue you are gradually focused on. You can go on to terms and situations that are more precise after acquiring the background information.

The last step is to edit and polish your document. While proofreading, it's crucial to focus on consistency problems, stylistic errors, and grammar and punctuation errors.

Many tools, including Grammarly , are available to help you with grammar. You should use these tools because you might miss some errors. No software can help you fix your writing style and logical structure mistakes. However, you can turn to a team of expert writers and editors for a high-quality editing service and a properly polished document.

Verify the word count and formatting specifications provided by your educational institution. Before submitting your work for review to your professor, you should also allow time for the editing phase, so plan accordingly.

Formative vs Summative Coursework Assessments

Formative assessment assesses students' understanding of a subject by offering them practice in essay creation and structure. It assists students in evaluating their strengths and weaknesses and focuses on areas that require improvement. Moreover, formative assessments help instructors in identifying students' areas of difficulty and taking prompt action to resolve issues

Summative assignments, on the other hand, evaluate students' knowledge at the end of the semester. Summative assessment includes mid-term exams and final-year project. When completing courses, it is vital to understand the type of review you are submitting to. If you understand the coursework meaning and finish your assignments on time, you might obtain an A+.

Get Coursework Help from Experts

If you want to write your coursework successfully, follow all the steps mentioned above. If you still have difficulty writing coursework, you can get our coursework writing services with one click. We have a group of experienced writers who can offer you timely, cost-effective coursework help online. 

Table of Contents

Persuasive essay topics – how to choose one for you, how to write a persuasive essay- expert tips.

What is Coursework and How to Make Everything Perfect

As the time comes to approach your coursework, it is necessary to understand why it matters and make the most out of this experience because it easily pushes you through into academic success territory. In basic terms, when you ask what is coursework, you must realize that it will always depend on your initial subject, the year, the standards of your country, and the specifics of your academic advisor. One of the reasons why students start their coursework is because it helps to show their skills and work for one’s final course grades in university. It is like a project that includes practice tests, written assignments, reflection journals, and more.

The Difference Between Coursework and Dissertation

Looking for help with coursework , many students often mix up dissertation writing with their coursework responsibilities. In simple terms, coursework writing stands for mastering a certain body of knowledge in college, while a typical dissertation means conducting in-depth research. For example, an average student may start with the list of key aspects that have been obtained thanks to coursework that has been finished. This information can be taken when you need to make an original contribution to your subject. It takes an experienced person to do so. As a rule, a dissertation is more Masters specific and always focuses on a certain subject. While your coursework will include attending different classes and passing through several assignments or examinations, a dissertation is your unique contribution to the common pool of knowledge and postgraduate research.

More importantly, when you place your “ do my coursework for me ” kind of request, you must remember that coursework is always graded and usually consists of several parts and evaluations that help you to shape your final grade. It is the major difference when compared to dissertation work, which takes months and is used for earning a doctoral degree.

What is Coursework?

Of course, it will always differ from case to case, yet when an average college professor is asked about what is coursework, it would be sufficient to say that that it is a type of academic work that you perform as a student or take during your internship experience as it became popular lately. In most cases, you will have both written and practical tasks that will be counted towards your final mark or grade. Of course, it will not be something out of the ordinary because it is always guided by your original course curriculum. According to coursework definition, It is usually done outside of one’s classroom hours, which gives one freedom to explore and think about what to write. It is also much better than dealing with risky exams because you only have to do written tasks during a typical exam program while any coursework structure will involve more than writing. Think about how much less stress it takes since you have a flexible schedule or may approach our coursework writing service .

The parts of coursework can include a wide range of writing tasks and activities that may range from practice, slideshows, spoken word presentations, lab experiments, writing, book reports, essays, or reflection journals, depending on your course. Moreover, it may also include several team projects. The coursework is usually assigned by your teacher or mentor. In some cases, it may represent an obligatory requirement of your PhD course. It is done to help your college professors see whether you understand the subject well and can apply it in practice.

Who Writes Courseworks or What Choices Do We Have?

Speaking of our education system and coursework definition requirements, remember that you may take a coursework approach by thinking over your GCSE qualification or AS and A level examination systems. Turning to GCSEs, we can see that it may include at least three post-secondary examinations and various assessment tasks that will revolve around your course. If your initial studies relate to subjects like Arts, Media Studies, Fashion, Music, or Design, you may have more coursework tasks to do and fewer exams.

Next, we have AS or A+ examinations that may be also made easier with the help of some coursework experience. Keeping things clear, we can see that AS or Advanced Subsidiary and A (Advanced) levels would take about two years to complete. It is one of the reasons why coursework writing helps in this regard by presenting a particular mixture of exams and assessments. It will always vary depending on your subject or how exactly your professor may define coursework, yet it will involve much less anxiety and strict deadlines. For example, if you would like to earn a vocational qualification for your future studies or think about the IBD (International Baccalaureate Diploma), you can see whether you can take the coursework route too.

The Difference Between Coursework and Exam Experience

Even if you do not know how to write coursework yet, it is much easier than trying to pass an exam, which can only be done once (in most cases). Approaching your coursework schedule, you have more time and can ask for help or talk to your advisor if something is unclear. It is the main benefit that you can think of right away. Next, when you have an exam, it will be only one grade or a final mark that you will know in about 45 minutes. Working with your coursework, you have several courseworks or activities where your final mark is composed out of practical activities, your diligence, additional tasks, credit-bearing parts, and so on.

Another major difference is your chance to improve your grade by taking some tasks that represent an extra. This way you can always address some points where your skills are lacking.

Safe Path Towards Your Academic Success

Approach coursework meaning as a good alternative to achieving academic success without risking failing an exam. It is also a great way to learn how to process information as you write and see where your learning strengths lie. Since the majority of students would like to avoid examinations, it is much better when you can take a different route or pay for coursework to ensure that everything is done right.

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Definition of coursework noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

• Coursework accounts for 40 per cent of the final marks.

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Look up any word in the dictionary offline, anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app.

What is Coursework? | Definition, Meaning & keypoints!

What is coursework.

Coursework is a practical work or study done by a student in partial fulfilment of a degree or training. Projects, field work, design studies, long essays etc constitutes a coursework. The nature of work which requires to be carried out depends on the course. It is largely a part of learning exercise and a step to prepare you to handle the required work/ task effectively and efficiently.

• folios of essays
• art and craft items
• speaking tests
• practical work
• assignments and experiments undertaken and assessed during the course

As per Oxford dictionary “Coursework” is defined as

Written or practical work done by a student during a course of study, usually assessed in order to count towards a final mark or grade.

Who assigns coursework and why?

Coursework can be assigned by your teacher or mentor. The reason can be an assessment by the teacher but in most of the cases it’s a requirement as per course structure. A coursework is meant to reflect understanding of what has been taught. How well you understand it and apply it in different situations. Your own thoughts and way of thinking about a topic is reflected in your final work. As mentioned earlier nature of coursework is very diverse. Institutions may make you to write (essays, paper, term paper, thesis etc) or make something (sculpture, are & craft related things) or take some form of test. All these activities done as a coursework award you marks or grades which are counted to evaluate your overall grade for a particular course or purpose. Your creativity, understanding, innovative aspect, talent etc are reflected in the work done by you. Some of the most widely used form of coursework include thesis, dissertations, research paper & term paper as far as writing is concerned. Model making, crafts and other similar activity is generally given when creativity aspect is to be assessed. There may be a combination of these in few cases. The whole purpose largely depends on what your course and what it prepares you to be.

Major types of coursework & how to go about them?

Students have different and mix reaction when coursework is given. Some are excited as it gives them an option to put in effort and bring out something new. They are happy and confident to present their viewpoint and grasp of the topic. While some feels it is a burden and unnecessary task and just want to get away with it. Whatever the case may be there are few guidelines and rules while writing coursework which everyone should follow. Writing a coursework can also be fun!

Some of the steps to help you get started includes:

Coursework for academic topics which require writing:

• Do some research about your topic of interest or assigned topic
• Finalize your topic
• Prepare a structure especially for long writing coursework such as thesis
• Write an abstract or summary for approval from mentor/teacher.
• Do a thorough research for collecting data , facts.
• Start writing and keep on doing the required research
• Check for plagiarism (if any) and work to remove it
• Give credits & references

What makes a good and effective content

A good and effective content is easy to read and understand by readers. Some of the points while writing a content to improve its quality are

• Well- structured
• Well Illustrated
• Predictable

Coursework requiring you to make something like model, sculpture or artwork

• Find something which you appreciate (its design, concept, through, history, significance)
• Come up with what remains the focus area for your coursework
• Decide what you wish to make and in what form eg. model (scaled or not to scale), sculpture or some craftwork
• Finalize the materials to be used such as waste materials, wax, wood, metal, plastic etc
• Collect all the required stuff for making your masterpiece
• Have a mental image prepared and preferably a rough sketch
• Get working!

Key points to be kept in mind while working on coursework

• Originality – Your topic/ idea should be original. Originality of idea is given significant importance and can be a deal breaker. This is not just of the requirement in most of the cases but also a scoring parameter. There are countless number of students and scholars doing research so having an original idea keeps you on positive side. Some students prefer contacting  SmartWritingService coursework writing service to get professional help from experts.
• Need – If you coursework is solution oriented then you must clearly identify the key problems and issues which you aim to cover under your work. A good solution cannot be provided unless the problem has been understood well.
• Uniqueness – Uniqueness in terms of idea and work. Preparing good questionnaires and conducting surveys adds to uniqueness and originality of content. Not only your topic and but also content should be unique. Avoid plagiarism, copying is a strict “NO”. Any form and extent of plagiarism is dealt seriously if caught and can even disqualify your submission.
• Your Input – This is the most crucial aspect. Your inputs will reflect the understanding and applicability of topic by you. This is the whole purpose of having a coursework. Try your best and put best foot forward. Having a well structured and presented work is something a teacher and mentor is looking for.
• Outcomes & way forward – Having worked and making lots of efforts doesn’t have much value unless useful outcomes are shown. Having a good & meaningful analysis and presentation of data with the  best data extraction service is an essential factor. These can be in form of proposals or problem identification. Your work might conclude your topic or pave a path for others to continue working. Depending on the work and nature of coursework give a conclusion to your study and propose what can be done next or how it can be used.

Coursework & Higher Education

Doctorates are the highest degrees conferred by universities. An online or on campus doctorate can lead to a high-level position in a number of different fields, from business administration to health care to quality control. The lengthy road to earning a doctorate can be shortened by at least several months through online study.

The doctorate degree requires two to five years of postgraduate work, the writing of a thesis, and the passing of oral and written examinations. Most doctoral degrees are the doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, although recipients of this degree may have studied a number of academic fields other than philosophy.

Doctorate degrees are now available in numerous fields, including:

• Business Administration
• Computer Science
• Environmental Engineering
• Health Administration
• Industrial Engineering
• International Business
• Quality Control

Admission to doctoral programs requires completion of an undergraduate degree program and typically, but not always, of a master’s degree program. Students earning a doctorate must take a specified number of advanced graduate-level courses, requiring at least two or three years of study beyond the master’s degree. Upon passing written or oral examinations, or a combination of both, doctoral students are granted the status of doctoral candidates. Then they must research and write a dissertation on an original topic, and then satisfactorily defend the dissertation before a committee of professors in the field.

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• How to Make Your Coursework as Good as It Can Possibly Be

Many GCSE and A-level subjects are assessed in part by coursework in addition to exams, meaning that the mark you receive for coursework contributes to your overall grade. Many students prefer coursework, because it’s a chance to showcase your academic abilities away from the high-pressured environment of the exam room, making it ideal for those who don’t perform to the best of their abilities in exams. However, the time you have available for coursework, in contrast with the time constraints of the exam room, can lull some students into a false sense of security. Coursework is arguably just as challenging as exams, just in different ways – and, given the fact that you have more time, much higher standards are expected of you in coursework than in exams. Careful planning and research are needed for successful coursework, as well as strong data-gathering and essay-writing skills. In this article, we look at how to produce excellent coursework, from planning to proofreading. This information might also be useful to you if you’re planning on attending an Oxford Summer School this summer.

What is coursework?

GCSE and A-level coursework typically takes the form of an extended essay or project. Its objectives vary from one subject to another, but there’s usually an emphasis on the student conducting independent research into a topic of their own choice. Thus coursework often takes the form of some sort of investigation; it may, therefore, help to have your ‘detective’ hat on as you explore, investigate and analyse your topic. You can usually work on your coursework at home, though it’s sometimes completed under controlled conditions through sessions at school. To give you a better idea of how coursework varies from one subject to another, here are some examples:

• English – English coursework usually takes the form of an extended essay with a title of your choice. You’re usually given a choice of themes and/or texts to explore, and you could choose a format such as a comparison between a set text and another one.
• Geography – Geography coursework usually focuses on the gathering, reporting and interpretation of data designed to answer a particular geographical question. You could investigate usage of a shopping centre, for example, or look at erosion on a particular beach.
• Sciences – coursework for science subjects often takes the form of a scientific project or experiment that you conduct and report on yourself.

Before you start work on your coursework, it’s essential that you have a thorough understanding of the rules. Failing to conform to the rules – inadvertently or not – may result in your coursework (or possibly even your entire qualification) being disqualified, so it’s a serious matter.

• No plagiarism – this is particularly dangerous given the ready availability of relevant information on the internet these days. Make sure everything is in your own words; you’ll need to sign a declaration stating that it’s your own original work.
• There’s only so much help your teacher can give you . They can provide guidance on what you need to include, and on what the examiners will be looking for. You can ask them questions, but they’ll usually only be able to check through your first draft once and offer broad hints on updating it.
• Check the word count , and stick to it. Find out whether footnotes, appendices and bibliographies are included in the word count.
• Check what topics you’re allowed to do your coursework on; if there’s an exam on this topic, you’ll almost certainly have to choose a different one for your coursework.

Choose your topic wisely

Ideally, choose something you’re genuinely interested in, as your enthusiasm will come across and you’ll find it more enjoyable to write. If there’s something you’ve been working on for the course so far that you’ve particularly enjoyed, you may be able to focus more on this as part of your coursework. For science coursework, you’ll need to choose something to investigate that you can measure, change and control; it should be what’s called a ‘fair test’, meaning that you have to acknowledge all the controls you use in the experiment and why. Try not to pick a topic for which the scope is too vast, as you’ll struggle to research it properly and you’re unlikely to do it justice, and it’ll be hard to keep within the word limit. Ask your teachers for some guidance on choosing your topic if you’re not sure what to write about; they might even tell you a bit about what previous students have done to give you some inspiration.

Plan how long it’s going to take

Never leave your coursework until the last minute, even if this is your normal approach to essays and it usually works for you. Make sure you understand when the deadlines are, including time for submitting a first draft for comments from your teacher. Then schedule blocks of time for working on it, allowing plenty of time before the deadline to cater for any unexpected delays. Allow ample time for making corrections based on teacher feedback on your first draft, and keep some time aside before the deadline for final editing and proofreading. Because actual deadlines are few and far between, you’ll need to take responsibility for the writing process and impose some deadlines on yourself to ensure it’s finished in time. Write down your deadlines on a calendar, with the coursework broken into stages and dates assigned to each, by which time each task should be complete. You can base your stages on the next few points in this article – research and data gathering, a structure plan for the piece of work, writing up, and so on.

Conducting your research and gathering data

As coursework is primarily a research exercise, the research phase is crucial, so don’t be tempted to skimp on it and go straight to writing up. Use as many different resources as you can to gather data: books, journals, newspapers, television, radio, the internet and anything else you think might be relevant. For science and Geography coursework, you’ll need to base your work on a hypothesis, so the research stage should start by coming up with at least one hypothesis, otherwise your research will lack direction. The research phase for some subjects may involve site visits for gathering data, so allow plenty of time for this, particularly if you need your parents to drive you somewhere to do so. If it’s a scientific experiment you’re conducting for your coursework, you’ll need to pay careful attention to planning the experiment using rigorous scientific methods (also noting what Health and Safety precautions you are taking), as well as reading up on the background and theory so that you have an idea of what to expect from the outcome of your experiment. In the research stage, make notes about what you expect to happen, so that you can later compare your expectations with what actually did happen. The experiment itself also forms part of the research and data-gathering stage for your science coursework; in the write-up stage, which we come onto shortly, you analyse and write up the results.

Plan your structure

Once you’ve completed your research, the process of writing up begins. Before you get down to the actual writing, however, it’s advisable to write a plan for how you’re going to structure it – essentially an essay plan for English coursework and other subjects for which the coursework is based on an extended essay. It’ll look slightly different from an essay plan for science subjects and others that revolve around project work, but the principle is the same: plan out what order you’re going to present your information in. For big projects, this is particularly important, because with a lot of information to convey, you risk being disorganised and waffling.

Writing up your project

For any coursework, but particularly coursework based around an extended essay, you’ll need to perfect your essay-writing abilities. For science coursework, writing up your project also involves data analysis, as you interpret the results of your experiment and work your notes into formal scientific language. Follow the links below to find lots more useful advice on writing great essays.

• How to write dazzlingly brilliant essays
• How to write more original essays
• Techniques from creative writing that can improve your essays

When you’re writing up, it’s important to find a place where you can work quietly, without distractions that could cause you to make careless errors. You wouldn’t want noise or distractions when you were in an exam room, so treat your coursework with the same reverence.

Supporting materials and images

For some subjects, namely the sciences and Geography, it would be appropriate to include images, graphs, charts, tables and so on in your coursework. For example, for Geography coursework, your extra material could include annotated images and maps of the site you’re talking about, plus tables, graphs and charts. An appendix could then detail your raw data; if, for example, your coursework focused on the results of a survey, you could put the raw survey responses in an appendix and provide summaries and analysis in the main body of the coursework.

Footnotes and bibliography

As we said earlier, it’s important that you always use your own words in your coursework to avoid the possibility of falling foul of plagiarism rules. However, it’s acceptable to quote from another source, as you would in any piece of academic writing, but you must make sure that you state where it is from and use quotation marks to show that it’s a quote from somewhere else. The best way of citing another work is to use a footnote; word processors will allow you to insert one, and it just puts a little number at the end of the sentence and another in the footer of the document, into which you put the name of the author and work, and the page within that work that the quote can be found. At the end of your piece of work, include a bibliography that includes a list of every external source you’ve used in the creation of your coursework. Stick to a set formula when including books. A common format is: Author Surname, Initial. (Date) – Title of Book , page number For example: Lewis, C.S. (1960) – Studies in Words , p. 45 When you get to university, you’ll be expected to include footnotes and bibliographies in all your essays, so it’s a good habit to get into and coursework gives you good practice at it.

The final pre-submission check

Having completed a first draft, received feedback from your teacher, and honed your work into a finished piece of coursework, have a final check through it before you send off your coursework for submission.

• Sense check : have a read through your completed piece of work and check that it all makes sense. Make sure you haven’t contradicted yourself anywhere, or repeated yourself, or laboured the point. If there are any facts that you may have meant to look up to double check their accuracy, do so now.
• Word count : ensure that the completed work falls within the word count, and double check whether the bibliography should be included in the word count. If you’ve exceeded it, you’ll need to work through the piece and tighten up your writing, omitting unnecessary information, reordering sentences so that they use fewer words, and so on.
• Proofread : check your spelling and grammar, and ensure that there are no typos. Don’t just use the spellcheck – go through it with a fine toothcomb, manually, and if you can, ask someone to read through it for you to see if they spot anything you haven’t.
• Formatting : check that you’ve included page numbers, and that the font and line spacing is consistent throughout the work. Ensure that the font is plain and easy to read, such as Arial or Times New Roman.
• Bibliography : check that you’ve included everything, that the format is the same for all sources mentioned, and that the right information is included for each.

Once this stage is complete, you’re ready to submit your coursework along with your declaration that it’s entirely your own work. Get ready for a feeling of immense satisfaction when you finally send off your hard work!

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Full Guide on How to Write a Coursework with Tips and Topics

Defining What is Coursework

Coursework writing guide, additional tips for coursework writing, useful coursework topics, final advice.

Picture this: it's a sunny day, and you're walking across your university campus, feeling energized and motivated. But as you look at your schedule, you notice the looming deadlines for your coursework assignments. Suddenly, your excitement turns into anxiety as you realize you're not quite sure what coursework even entails. Fear not, as we're here to help! In this paragraph, we'll define what is coursework and explore its various forms, so you can approach your assignments with confidence and clarity.

Coursework definition goes as a set of academic assignments, exercises, or projects that students are required to complete as part of their course requirements. It can take different forms, including essays, reports, presentations, research papers, lab reports, and other assignments.

Coursework aims to assess students' knowledge, understanding, and skills in a particular subject or field of study. Coursework assignments are usually completed outside of class time and are often graded by instructors to determine the student's level of achievement in the course.

Are you feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of writing coursework? You're not alone. Coursework assignments can be challenging, especially if you're unsure of what's expected of you. But we've got you. We've prepared a comprehensive guide to fulfill your concern for 'how to write my coursework' that provides tips, strategies, and step-by-step instructions to help you produce high-quality assignments.

Our guide covers everything from choosing a topic to conducting research, developing a thesis, and structuring your coursework effectively. Whether you're a seasoned writer or new to coursework assignments, our guide is designed to help you succeed. So, let's dive in and get started.

To further ease your academic journey, you can also explore the option to buy coursework , which offers a tailored solution to meet your specific needs and ensure you achieve the best possible results.

Structure and Outline of a Coursework

The structure and outline of a coursework can vary depending on the specific type of assignment and subject matter. However, there are some commonalities between different types of coursework writing.

For instance, good coursework assignments follow a typical academic format that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Many coursework assignments require a reference list or bibliography to cite sources used in the research process.

Thesis and dissertation projects may have slightly different structures, often requiring additional sections such as a literature review, methodology, and discussion section. Research papers may also have another format, depending on the assignment's requirements and the subject matter.

Despite these variations, coursework assignments generally adopt a typical outline format that includes the following:

• The title page - includes the assignment title, the student's name, the course title, and the date.
• Table of contents - provides a list of the major sections and subsections of the assignment.
• Abstract - a summary of the assignment that highlights the key points.
• Introduction - provides an overview of the topic and the purpose of the assignment.
• Body paragraph(s) - presents the main argument or analysis of the assignment, supported by evidence and research.
• Conclusion - summarizes the main points of the assignment and provides a final analysis or evaluation.
• Reference list - lists all sources used in the research process.

By following this coursework outline format and adapting it to the assignment's specific requirements, students can create clear, well-structured coursework papers. But if you need a professional writer's help, you can just ask us: 'Can you write my paper ?' and that's all the effort you need to make for a perfect paper.

How to Write a Coursework Introduction

The introduction is a crucial part of any coursework writing process, as it sets the tone for the rest of the paper and helps to engage the reader. Here are some points to help you master how to write a coursework introduction:

• Explain the significance of your coursework topic - Start briefly explaining why your issue is essential, and highlight its relevance and potential impact.
• Identify the main problem/question - By providing readers with a brief insight into the issue you'll be exploring, you can give them a sense of the scope and focus of your study.
• Establish clear goals - This will help you stay focused and ensure your research aligns with your objectives.
• Craft a thesis statement - By clearly stating what you hope to achieve and the results you plan to obtain, you can establish a roadmap for your research.
• End your introduction with a thought-provoking statement - This can help to capture their attention and motivate them to continue reading your work.

Following these pointers, you can create a solid and engaging introduction that sets the stage for a well-structured and impressive coursework assignment.

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How to Write a Summary of Coursework in Resume

If you're a student, your resume may lack work experience, but that doesn't mean you have nothing to offer to potential employers. Including a summary of your relevant coursework writing can showcase the skills you're developing and help employers understand why you're a good fit for the job or internship.

To help you learn how to write a summary of coursework in resume, we gathered some tips:

• Use single-column format - list the relevant courses under a section titled 'Relevant Coursework.' This format resembles the education section on your resume and presents the coursework in a simple list form.
• Multi-column format - If you're applying for a job that requires expertise in multiple fields, you can group the columns into sections using a multi-column layout. For example:

- Academic Writing

- Internship involving Research

- Oral Communication Skills

• Detailed Format - The detailed format offers a more comprehensive view of the coursework you choose to include on your resume. This format resembles the professional experience section, where you provide details about the course and two to four bullet points highlighting the study's relevant learnings or achievements.

How to Write a Coursework Report

How to write a coursework report can be a common question among students. A coursework report allows students to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of a particular topic, concept, or issue by conducting research, analyzing data, and presenting their findings in a written report. If you find it challenging to write this report before your deadline, you can say the magic words 'write my coursework report,' and an online paper writing service will provide it to you quickly.

The structure of a coursework report typically consists of several key components, including:

1.0 The Introduction

2.0 Key Issues (provides an overview of the main topics covered in this report, leading into sections 2.1 and 2.2)

2.1 Sub-topic 1

2.2 Sub-topic 2

3.0 Key Issues (outlines the main topics covered in this section, leading into sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3)

3.1 Sub-topic 1

3.2 Sub-topic 2

3.3 Sub-topic 3

4.0 Conclusions (summarizes the essential findings and insights, representing 5-10% of the word count)

5.0 Recommendations (provides actionable suggestions based on the conclusions and analysis presented in the report)

In this paragraph, we provided seven coursework writing tips that will help you to write your academic paper, definition essay examples , or any coursework perfectly:

• Start Early : Begin working on your coursework as soon as possible to avoid last-minute stress and ensure you have enough time for proper planning, research, writing, and editing.
• Choose a Clear and Interesting Topic : Choose a topic that you are eager to write coursework about and is clear and specific. A precise topic will help you focus your research and writing, while an interesting topic will keep you engaged and motivated.
• Use Evidence Effectively: Use evidence such as quotes and statistics to support your arguments, but use them selectively. Ensure your evidence is relevant and supports your main points, and always cite your sources correctly.
• Follow the Instructions: Pay close attention to the instructions given by your professor, and ensure you understand the coursework requirements.
• Structure Your Paper : Organize your paper into clear sections with headings and subheadings. This will make it easier for your readers to follow your arguments and understand your ideas.
• Revise and Edit: Once you have completed your coursework, revise and edit it carefully. Check for spelling and grammar errors, and make sure your ideas are presented clearly and coherently.
• Use Feedback: If you receive feedback from your professor or peers, use it to improve your coursework. Consider the feedback carefully and make revisions where necessary.

To help you create your coursework examples effectively, we gathered some topics for you to write about:

Psychology Coursework:

• Investigating the impact of stress on memory
• Examining the effectiveness of different types of therapy for treating depression
• Analyzing the effects of social media use on mental health

History Coursework:

• Examining the causes and consequences of a particular historical event
• Analyzing the impact of a particular historical figure on their time period
• Investigating the role of propaganda in a particular historical context

Computer Science Coursework:

• Developing a computer program to solve a particular problem
• Analyzing the performance of different algorithms for a particular task
• Examining the security risks associated with a particular technology or system.

If you read the article till this paragraph, you now know what is a coursework and even how to write a resume for coursework that is effective. But if you still need further guidance, you can leave a request " write my coursework " to our coursework writing service and be sure that it will be perfectly done. You can also use our platform to write an extended essay or a research paper with any level of complexity!

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The IRS has some important reminders for taxpayers who haven’t filed yet. The deadline for most taxpayers to file and pay their 2023 federal tax is April 15, 2024.

Taxpayers should file after they receive all their proper tax documents , or they risk making a mistake that could cause delays.

Prepare to file

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• Renew their individual taxpayer identification number or ITIN it if it's expired and is needed on a U.S. federal tax return. If taxpayers don't renew an expired ITIN, the IRS can still accept their return, but it may delay processing.

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Definition of coursework – Learner’s Dictionary

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singing or playing notes that are at the right pitch (= level) or that agree with others being sung or played

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In this episode, Anna Sale (host of Death Sex and Money ) joins Prudie (Jenée Desmond-Harris) to answer letters from readers about how to navigate being the friend who always initiates plans, how to handle entitled stepdaughters moving into your home, and how to stop being a mean girl to other moms.

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Solar eclipse 2024: Follow the path of totality

Solar eclipse, how to follow today's solar eclipse, even if you're not near totality.

Emily Alfin Johnson

A person uses a pair of binoculars to watch the moon pass infront of the Earth's star marking a total eclipse in Vigo, northwestern Spain on March 20, 2015. MIGUEL RIOPA/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

A person uses a pair of binoculars to watch the moon pass infront of the Earth's star marking a total eclipse in Vigo, northwestern Spain on March 20, 2015.

Totality in the U.S. starts today around 1:30 p.m. CT/2:30 ET and continues until 2:30 p.m. CT/3:30 p.m. ET lasting for a few minutes in each location.

But if you're not within the path, you can enjoy totality vicariously thanks to our incredible network of Member stations (mouse over the map below to see them all!) You can find a livestream of totality from multiple locations here , as well as specific feeds to make sure you get the best view, regardless of the weather in your region! Plus, NPR will be sharing highlights from across the NPR Network throughout the day Monday if you're unable to get out and see it in real time.

More resources to enjoy the eclipse

• Sharing the eclipse with tiny humans?  Check out these  kid-friendly total solar eclipse learning guides  from Vermont Public's  But Why,  and this great explainer from KERA Kids on  the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse .
• Feeling whimsical?  Here are three ways to  sprinkle a little magic into your eclipse experience .
• Plan to wander into the wild for the best view?   Here are some tips from outdoor experts.
• Tips from Bill Nye  on the best ways to enjoy the eclipse.

How far back can the IRS audit you? Here's what might trigger one.

It's rare IRS agents will come knocking on your door to perform an audit these days. Most audits are now done via mail or in person at an IRS office or the taxpayer's place of business, but they're scary, nevertheless.

When you're audited, it means your return was selected from a batch of returns for a closer inspection. This happens because your tax filing was among those that showed the "highest potential noncompliance," the IRS says . The agency uses data driven algorithms, third-party information, whistleblowers and information you provide to determine if income, expenses and credits are reported accurately.

The easiest way to avoid an audit is to be "accurate, honest, and modest," said Eric Scaringe, principal at certified public accounting firm UHY.

What triggers an IRS audit?

Mismatches. "One thing tax jurisdictions like more than money is information," Scaringe said.  "They look for mismatches, and use AI (artificial intelligence) tools to find it and send autogenerated notices. That's low hanging fruit."

For instance, make sure you enter your information from your W-2 income tax form correctly so it's consistent with the income that's stated on official income tax documents like a 1099 or W-2, said Erin Collins, National Taxpayer Advocate at the Taxpayer Advocate Service division of the IRS. Or else, you can expect an IRS inquiry. 

"We find a lot of taxpayers take their last paystub (of the year) and use that number," she said. But they can run into problems because that last paystub may not cover their typical pay period. 

She also recommends parents discuss who will be claiming a child on their return if they file separate returns. They should also ensure additional caretakers like grandparents don't try to claim a child on their return if they don't meet the IRS' requirements for doing so. Otherwise, an audit may be triggered if multiple people try to claim the same child as a dependent on their returns. 

People often get tripped up on the earned income tax credit (EITC) because IRS records show that a child claimed by the taxpayer does not meet the relationship or residency test to be considered a qualifying child, according to the Taxpayer Advocate , an independent organization within the IRS that works for taxpayers.

Michael Steffany, a senior tax attorney at Withersworldwide, said in his experience, "the IRS concentrates its efforts on those items most likely to result in a large amount of additional tax due."

"We continue to see high net worth taxpayers, as well as taxpayers with non-U.S. income and foreign entities, be a particular point of concentration," he added.

What happens if the IRS audits you: Here's how long it'll take

How does the IRS choose who to audit? 

The IRS says audits can also commonly be triggered through a random selection process in which a computerized system compares your return "against 'norms' for similar returns," the IRS said in an online post.

For example, a freelancer earning $100,000 might typically have $5,000 in travel costs. "If you’re out there and wrote $50,000 in travel costs, that's way outside the mean someone would deduct," said Mark Jaeger, vice president of tax operations at preparer TaxAct. "The IRS would flag that because you’re an outlier."  

Another trigger for an audit is if the information on your return is connected to someone else's, such as a business partner or investor, who is being audited.

Who gets audited by the IRS the most? 

In terms of income levels, the IRS in recent years has audited taxpayers with incomes below $25,000 and above $500,000 at higher-than-average rates, according to government data.

Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and acting IRS Commissioner Douglas O'Donnell have said that the nearly $80 billion the IRS will be receiving from the Inflation Reduction Act won't be put toward increasing audits above historical levels for taxpayers who earn less than $400,000 a year.

Steffany said the influx of funds is likely to increase the number of audits for high earners, which has fallen in recent years. Collins said that's due to the funding issues the IRS experienced.

Odds of being audited by the IRS

In 2022, 3.8 out of every 1,000 returns, or 0.38%, were audited by the IRS, according to a recent report using IRS data from Syracuse University’s Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. That was down from 4.1 out of every 1,000 returns filed, or 0.41%, the prior year.

Low-income wage-earners taking the EITC were 5.5 times more likely to be audited than anyone else "because they are easy marks in an era when IRS increasingly relies upon correspondence audits yet doesn’t have the resources to assist taxpayers or answer their questions," the report said.

You'll initially be contacted by snail mail. The IRS will provide all contact information and instructions in the letter you'll receive.

If the IRS conducts the audit by mail, it'll ask you for more information about certain items on your tax return such as income, expenses, and itemized deductions.

If you have too many books or records to mail, you can request a face-to-face audit and the agency will provide contact information and instructions in the letter you receive.

Typically, the IRS can include returns filed within the last three years in an audit. If it finds a "substantial error," it can add additional years but it usually doesn't go back more than the last six years.

If you receive an audit notice, you generally have 30 days to respond. Take that time to read the letter carefully to understand what the IRS is requesting. Not all notices are audits and not all are related to your latest tax return .

Once you understand, you can craft your response and provide the IRS with the information it's requesting. If it's a simple math error you agree with, you can often send money to cover what you owe or request a payment plan.

If it's more complicated, you'll have to write an explanation with documentation or find a tax pro to help you. You can also check the Taxpayer Advocate Service for some guidance.

Whatever you do, don't ignore the IRS. Failure to comply could result in additional interest and penalty charges for late response and/or providing incomplete information or losing your right to challenge the finding if you don't agree, the Taxpayer Advocate says .

More of your 2024 tax season questions answered

• What should you do with your tax refund check?
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• What are the 2023 federal tax brackets?
• Are you missing important tax dates? Milestone birthdays to know.
• Tax return extensions: Who should request one?
• What is a 1098-E form?
• What is a federal tax credit?
• What is capital gains tax? 2024 rates.
• Is Social Security income taxable by the IRS?
• How much is the child tax credit for 2023?
• Does my state have an income tax?
• What does FICA mean?
• What does this IRS code mean? 826, 846, 570 and more.
• What does OASDI tax mean on my paycheck?
• What is the FairTax Act of 2023?

Medora Lee is a money, markets, and personal finance reporter at USA TODAY. You can reach her at [email protected] and  subscribe to our free Daily Money newsletter  for personal finance tips and business news every Monday through Friday.

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Middle East Crisis Pentagon Official Arrives in Israel Amid Fears of Iranian Attack

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• An Israeli tank near the border with Gaza. Tsafrir Abayov/Associated Press
• Destruction in Khan Younis, southern Gaza.
• Bodies of Palestinians being carried in Rafah, Gaza's southernmost city, where more than a million people have sought refuge. Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images
• Israeli police officers in Jerusalem clashed with Ultra-Orthodox Jews who protested a possible change to a government policy that grants them exemptions from military conscription. Ronen Zvulun/Reuters
• An Israeli strike on a vehicle on Wednesday killed three sons of the political leader of Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, in the Shanti neighborhood of Gaza City. Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
• Photographs in Tel Aviv of the hostages taken during the Oct. 7 attack. Hannah Mckay/Reuters
• Displaced Palestinians sheltering in Khan Younis, in southern Gaza, on Wednesday. Mohammed Saber/EPA, via Shutterstock

Gen. Michael Kurilla is in Israel to help coordinate on military strategy.

A senior U.S. military commander traveled to Israel on Thursday, officials said, as fears ran high that Iran would soon launch a strike to avenge the killings of several senior commanders.

Iran’s leaders have repeatedly vowed to punish Israel for an April 1 strike in Syria that killed several senior Iranian commanders. American officials have said they are bracing for a possible Iranian response, and Israel has put its military on alert.

A day after President Biden warned that Iran was threatening a “significant” attack, the top American military commander for the Middle East, Gen. Michael E. Kurilla, arrived in Israel.

The general went to coordinate with Israel on what is expected to be imminent retaliatory action by Iran, as well as to discuss the war in Gaza, Defense Department officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.

The Israeli military’s spokesman, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, said General Kurilla had carried out a situational assessment and reviewed “regional security challenges” with the Israeli military’s chief of staff.

“We are highly alert and ready to face various scenarios,” Admiral Hagari said in a televised news briefing, adding that any strike from Iranian territory would be a clear regional escalation.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu acknowledged on Thursday that Israel was facing “challenging times,” noting that “in the midst of the war in Gaza” his country was “also prepared for scenarios involving challenges in other sectors.”

“We have determined a simple rule: Whoever harms us, we will harm them,” he said while visiting an air base , using language that in recent days has been used to refer to threats from Iran and its proxies .

While President Biden has become increasingly critical of Mr. Netanyahu’s conduct of the war in Gaza — threatening to withhold U.S. assistance unless Israel does more to protect civilians — he emphasized on Wednesday that American support for Israel in the face of an Iranian threat was unconditional.

“As I told Prime Minister Netanyahu, our commitment to Israel’s security against these threats from Iran and its proxies is ironclad,” he said at a news conference .

Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken also “made clear that the U.S. will stand with Israel against any threats by Iran and its proxies” when he spoke by phone on Wednesday with Israel’s defense minister, the State Department said.

As Iran and Israel have traded fresh threats in recent days, diplomats have been trying to reduce tensions and avert a wider regional war.

The foreign minister of Germany, Annalena Baerbock, spoke to her Iranian counterpart “about the tense situation” in the Middle East on Thursday, according to her office.

“Avoiding further regional escalation must be in everyone’s interest,” it said in a statement. “We urge all actors in the region to act responsibly and exercise maximum restraint.”

The Israeli strike in Damascus was among the most significant attacks in a yearslong shadow war between Israel and Iran.

Johnatan Reiss contributed reporting.

— Cassandra Vinograd and Eric Schmitt

Israel announces a new operation against Hamas, a day after killing a top leader’s sons.

The Israeli military announced what it called a precise operation to kill members of Hamas in Gaza on Thursday, a day after a strike there killed relatives of one of the group’s most senior leaders.

Ismail Haniyeh, who leads the political wing of Hamas from exile, said three of his sons had been killed in the Israeli airstrike in northern Gaza on Wednesday. Hamas-affiliated media reported that three of Mr. Haniyeh’s grandchildren also were killed in the attack.

On Thursday, Israel’s military said that its forces had carried out a “precise, intelligence-based operation” in central Gaza overnight with fighter jets and ground troops to “eliminate terrorist operatives and strike terrorist infrastructure.”

It was not immediately clear whether the operation was related to the strike a day earlier against Mr. Haniyeh’s sons, who the Israeli military said had been “ on their way to carry out terrorist activities in central Gaza.” It did not provide further details, and the military’s claims could not be verified.

The Israeli military said that the three Haniyeh sons it killed — Amir, Mohammad and Hazem — were active in Hamas’s military operations, Amir as a cell commander and his brothers as lower-level operatives. One of the brothers was also involved in holding hostages, the Israeli military said, without specifying which one.

The strike came as international negotiators worked to broker a cease-fire in Gaza and to secure the release of hostages held in the enclave. Those talks have stalled over disagreements about the details, with a senior Hamas official saying Wednesday that the group did not have 40 living hostages who met the criteria for an exchange under the proposal being discussed.

While Mr. Haniyeh is one of Hamas’s most senior officials, analysts said that his sons were less integral to the operation — and that their killings appeared mainly aimed at sending a message to the group’s leadership amid cease-fire negotiations.

“His son’s names are not usually floated around when you talk about seniority in Hamas, whether it’s the political or military wing,” said Tahani Mustafa, a senior analyst at the International Crisis Group, a think tank.

Ms. Mustafa said that the timing of the strike made it seem like an effort to derail the talks.

But Bilal Saab, an associate fellow in the Middle East and North Africa program at Chatham House, said the strike might have been intended to placate a domestic audience after six months of war, or to give Israel leverage in the talks.

“It’s a political win for Israel more than anything else,” Mr. Saab said.

Mr. Haniyeh said on Wednesday that Israel was “delusional if it thinks that by killing my children, we will change our positions” in negotiations.

Active fighting in Gaza has ebbed to its lowest point since November. Israel withdrew troops from southern Gaza over the weekend, but said the military would stay in other parts of Gaza to preserve its “freedom of action and its ability to conduct precise intelligence-based operations.”

The military’s stated emphasis on precision comes as international criticism of the war in Gaza intensifies over the rising Palestinian death toll and warnings of famine.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has said that a date has been set for a ground invasion of Rafah in southern Gaza, an operation U.S. officials have warned would be catastrophic for civilians. Some analysts have suggested that his threats are bluster or attempts at gaining leverage in the cease-fire negotiations.

The Biden administration has urged Mr. Netanyahu to shelve the invasion plans and focus on “ alternative approaches that would target the key elements of Hamas .”

— Cassandra Vinograd reporting from Jerusalem

The leader of U.S.A.I.D. cites ‘credible’ assessments that famine has begun in northern Gaza.

Samantha Power, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, told lawmakers this week that a famine was underway in northern Gaza, which has been devastated by six months of Israeli military operations and is the part of the territory most cut off from aid.

Ms. Power’s statement was significant, as it made her the first senior American official to publicly identify the hunger crisis in the Gaza Strip as a famine. But her agency, known as U.S.A.I.D., later sought to temper Ms. Power’s comments, clarifying that her assessment was based on data collected in March, not on new information.

“While there has not been a new assessment, conditions remain dire,” U.S.A.I.D. said in a statement on Thursday.

Aid agencies and global experts have warned for months that nearly all 2.2 million Palestinians in Gaza would soon face extreme hunger .

Ms. Power, whose comments came during a congressional testimony on Wednesday, was citing a March report from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification initiative, a group of U.N. agencies and relief agencies also known as the I.P.C., the U.S.A.I.D. statement said.

That report said that northern Gaza, the first part of the territory that Israeli forces invaded in October, could tip into famine between mid-March and May. The northern part of the enclave has been heavily damaged by the war and is far from the two open border crossings in the south through which nearly all aid is arriving.

During her congressional testimony on Wednesday, Ms. Power was asked by Representative Joaquin Castro, Democrat of Texas, about reports that her agency had sent a cable to the National Security Council saying famine had begun in parts of Gaza. The cable was first reported by HuffPost .

“Do you think it is plausible or likely that parts of Gaza, and in particular northern Gaza, are already experiencing famine?” Mr. Castro asked.

Ms. Power said that appeared to be the case, and cited the I.P.C. report, whose methodology she described as sound. At the time, she did not specify which I.P.C. report she was referring to.

“That is their assessment, and we believe that assessment is credible,” Ms. Power said.

“So famine is already occurring there?” Mr. Castro replied.

“That is — yes,” Ms. Power said.

The I.P.C. usually classifies a food shortage as a famine when at least 20 percent of households face an extreme lack of food, when at least 30 percent of children suffer from acute malnutrition and when at least two adults or four children for every 10,000 people die each day from starvation or disease linked to malnutrition.

Ms. Power said later in her testimony that the rate of severe malnutrition among Gazan children had become “markedly worse” since Oct. 7, when a Hamas-led terrorist attack prompted Israel to launch its military offensive in Gaza.

“In northern Gaza, the rate of malnutrition prior to Oct. 7 was almost zero, and it is now one in three kids,” she said. She added: “In terms of actual severe acute malnutrition for under-5s, that rate was 16 percent in January and became 30 percent in February. We’re awaiting the March numbers, but we expect it to continue.”

In interviews, people in northern Gaza have described severe food shortages. Even in Beit Lahia, once known as Gaza’s breadbasket, people’s diets sometimes amount to little more than boiled bitter weeds, said Yousef Sager, 24, a farmer.

“I never thought we would be talking about famine here,” he said.

In the early months of the war, he said, he ate only a small plate of rice each day, with breakfast and dinner replaced by tea or coffee. When rice, tea and coffee ran out, he and many other Gazans turned to khobeza , a leafy green that grows in early spring.

But the khobeza is starting to run out, he said, so he now lives off a soup made from hot water and stinging nettles. Before the war, not even farm animals ate that, he said.

“I had to close my nose and just swallow it to survive,” he said.

Abu Bakr Bashir and Michael Crowley contributed reporting.

— Liam Stack Reporting from Jerusalem

Here’s what to know about Gaza’s hunger crisis.

Six months into the Israel-Hamas war, the people of Gaza are facing a hunger crisis that the United Nations says borders on famine.

The crisis in Gaza is entirely human-made, a result of Israel’s war on Hamas and a near-complete siege of the territory, aid experts say. Conflicts were also at the root of the other two disasters in the last two decades that were classified by a global authority as famines, in Sudan and Somalia, though in those countries drought was also a significant underlying factor.

Here’s a look at how Gaza reached this point.

The food shortages in Gaza have been created by Israel’s blockade and military operations.

For years before the latest war, Gaza was subject to an Israeli blockade , backed by Egypt. Under the blockade, humanitarian aid, including food and commercial imports, was tightly restricted. Even so, levels of malnutrition among Gaza’s roughly 2.2 million people were low and comparable to those of countries in the region.

After Oct. 7, when Hamas led a deadly attack on Israel that incited the war, Israel imposed a siege and instituted much stricter controls on what could go into Gaza, stopping anything it believed could potentially benefit Hamas from entering. At the same time, Israel blocked commercial imports of food that had filled Gaza’s shops and markets.

It also bombed Gaza’s port , restricted fishing and bombed many of the territory’s farms. Airstrikes and fighting have shattered Gaza’s infrastructure and forced almost all of its population to flee their homes. That displacement, plus the destruction of businesses and a surge in prices, has made it hard for families to feed themselves.

“The food production system has been completely obliterated, and the lack of entry of emergency aid within a short time has created a free fall,” said Jens Laerke, a spokesman for the U.N. humanitarian office.

Famine has a precise definition for the United Nations and aid groups.

This week, Samantha Power, the head of the U.S. Agency for International Development, said that a famine was underway in northern Gaza , the part of the territory most cut off from aid. Her agency later said that assessment was based on data collected in March, not on new information, but that “conditions remain dire.”

That data was released by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification , an initiative of U.N. bodies and major relief agencies that is also known as the I.P.C.,. The I.P.C. has not yet classified the situation in Gaza as a famine but said last month that one was imminent in the north. The body defines a famine as at least 20 percent of households facing an extreme lack of food, at least 30 percent of children suffering from acute malnutrition , and at least two adults or four children for every 10,000 people dying each day from starvation or disease linked to malnutrition.

Since 2004, when the system was set up, there have been two famines , according to that definition. In 2011, the United Nations declared famine in parts of Somalia, which had endured decades of conflict. Years of drought wrecked the agricultural sector and the economy, forcing many people to leave their homes in search of food. At the same time, an Islamist insurgent group blocked starving people from fleeing and forced out Western aid organizations. In all, around 250,000 people died.

Six years later, a famine was declared in parts of South Sudan. The country had suffered years of drought, but the U.N. said that the famine was human-made. Millions of people had fled because of a civil war, destroying the country’s economy, and rebel forces and government soldiers blocked aid and hijacked food trucks. Tens of thousands died.

Gaza is small and mostly urban, so food should be close at hand.

Gaza is just 25 miles long and largely urban, and there is no shortage of food on the other side of its borders, with Israel and Egypt.

Still, aid agencies have found doing their jobs difficult. Six months of war have included the killings of scores of aid workers, including seven from World Central Kitchen, the relief group founded by the chef José Andrés. Those employees were killed by an Israeli drone strike on April 1 after delivering tons of food to a warehouse.

There is a sharp disagreement in Gaza between the U.N. and the Israeli government about how much aid is entering Gaza each day, but aid organizations say they need better access, particularly to northern Gaza. The Israeli authorities have repeatedly denied permission for aid convoys to move within Gaza, they say.

Arif Husain, the chief economist at the World Food Program, said that what made the situation in Gaza so shocking was the scale and severity of the crisis and how quickly it had developed.

Israel claims it has placed no limits on aid. Critics disagree.

Critics of the way Israel is conducting the war say that the hunger crisis derives largely from Israeli restrictions on where trucks can enter and from an onerous inspection process. Some have accused Israel of slowing aid down to punish Gazans for the Oct. 7 attack.

Israeli officials say they have placed no limits on the amount of aid that can flow into Gaza. They blame the U.N., particularly UNRWA, the main agency that helps Palestinians, for failing to distribute aid effectively.

COGAT, the Israeli agency responsible for coordinating aid deliveries into Gaza, says that it has “surged” deliveries in recent days and is opening an additional entry point in northern Gaza. More broadly, the Israeli government holds Hamas responsible for all civilian suffering in Gaza. ( UNRWA said last month that Israel had denied the group access to northern Gaza, though Israel has rebutted that claim.)

Governments around the world have urged Israel to address the crisis quickly. President Biden last week warned that the United States could withhold support for Israel if it did not ensure adequate aid deliveries and protect civilians. On Wednesday, Mr. Biden said that the steps Israel had taken since then were “not enough.”

Adam Sella contributed reporting.

— Matthew Mpoke Bigg

UNICEF says one of its vehicles was hit by fire in Gaza.

UNICEF said on Thursday that one of its vehicles had been “hit by live ammunition” this week while it was waiting to enter northern Gaza, and that the agency had raised the matter with the Israeli authorities.

Tess Ingram, a spokeswoman for UNICEF, said she had been traveling with a convoy that came under fire on Tuesday while waiting to pass an Israeli checkpoint leading to northern Gaza. No one in the convoy was harmed, Ms. Ingram said in an interview, but the shooting emphasized the ever-present risks for humanitarian workers in the enclave.

It was “one of many examples of how we are continually delayed and put in danger during these missions and how that impacts our ability to do the work,” she said.

After the shooting, the convoy had planned to proceed with its mission to deliver 10,000 liters of fuel and a truckload of medical supplies and food to Gaza City and Jabaliya, in northern Gaza, Ms. Ingram said. But the group eventually turned back because Israeli forces kept their vehicles waiting at the checkpoint for so long that “our mission wasn’t feasible anymore,” she said. The Israeli military did not immediately respond to questions about the report.

Ms. Ingram and her colleagues were not told the reason for the delay on Tuesday, but they hoped to coordinate another attempt with the Israeli military in the coming days, she said.

The episode is the latest example of aid-group staff members coming under attack despite international laws meant to protect them. Hundreds of humanitarian workers have been killed in Gaza since the war began.

Aid agencies say that they are struggling to distribute the few supplies that are getting into Gaza and that Israeli forces have fired on relief convoys.

Last week, seven aid workers from the World Central Kitchen charity were killed in Israeli strikes after delivering food to a warehouse in central Gaza. In that case, the Israeli military, which has described the strikes as a mistake, had been informed of the aid workers’ movements, the charity said.

The World Central Kitchen workers’ deaths drew international condemnation, and Israel responded by pledging to reopen a critical border crossing between Israel and northern Gaza for aid delivery. But there have been few signs of progress toward its promise, and aid groups say Israel must do more to support Gazan civilians trapped amid the conflict.

“Issues with coordination have not been resolved since the tragic World Central Kitchen incident,” Ms. Ingram said.

— Liam Stack

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