MLA Guide (7th edition)

The examples provided in this guide are meant to introduce you to the basics of citing sources using the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (seventh edition). For types of resources not included in this guide (e.g., government documents, manuscript collections, video recordings) and for further information about the examples included below, please consult the MLA Handbook itself , and/or a Reference Librarian . For help with layout, margins, spacing and page numbering, see the MLA Handbook (Fig. 12, page 131). Consider using RefWorks to help you track your research and automatically create a bibliography in MLA style.

If you need help with the current version of MLA, please see the guide for MLA ( 8th edition, 2016). If you are unsure which version of MLA to use, please consult with your professor.

Table of Contents:

Parenthetical Documentation Preparing the List of Works Cited A Brief Note on Footnotes and Endnotes For More Help

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

When using MLA documentation style, you need to reference your sources by using a combination of a list of works cited (see below) and parenthetical notation . Whenever you refer to or use another's words, facts or ideas in your paper, you are required to cite the source. Generally, brief parenthetical notations consisting of the author's last name and a page reference are sufficient. For example: (Drucker 30) .

Note: If you mention the author in your sentence, then you need only cite the page number . And if you cite more than one work by the same author , include the title of the work in your notation. For example: (Drucker, Management Cases 30) .

1. ONE AUTHOR

The character Folly denies satirizing Christianity when she says, "it is no part of my present plan to rummage through the lives of popes and priests," yet she spends much of her encomium doing just that (Erasmus 115).

2. TWO OR MORE AUTHORS

Max Weber purported that value systems could be studied "without the social scientist's own values distorting such studies" (Keat and Urry 196).

According to Russell Keat and John Urry in Social Science as Theory, Max Weber believed that value systems could be studied "without the social scientist's own values distorting such studies" (196).

Max Weber believed that individuals can objectively study values without their own values interfering with their judgment (Keat and Urry 196).

3. CORPORATE AUTHOR

Children of Central and Eastern Europe have not escaped the nutritional ramifications of iron deficiency, a worldwide problem (UNICEF 44).

4. NO AUTHOR

Marketers of health services and products will find the National Center for Health Statistics' site useful, particularly its statistics on mortality rates. Discovering a population's leading causes of death "tells the researcher a lot about its underlying health problems" ("Information to Die For" 40).

5. WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY

Cite the author of the essay or story and not the editor of the anthology unless they are the same.

Although some critics disliked Mel Brook's 1993 parody of Robin Hood, it is actually "in the mainstream of the Robin Hood tradition" (Knight 461).

6. INDIRECT QUOTATION

Chief Joseph concluded his surrender by stating eloquently: "[.. .] I will fight no more forever" (qtd. in Safire 108).

7. ONLINE RESOURCE

If the work is not paginated, include the name of the author or editor within the context of your sentence (for example, from a discussion list).

Posting on the VICTORIA listserv, Karen O'Connell mentioned a relevant novel by Wilkie Collins that deals with the 19th-century use of arsenic as a complexion improver.

If the work is paginated, cite it as you would a print resource.

Imagine that the sentences above could somehow be synthesized and used in a single paper. The works cited page would look like this:

WORKS CITED

Erasmus, Desiderius. The Praise of Folly. Trans. Clarence H. Miller. New Haven:

        Yale University Press, 1979. Print.

"Information to Die For."   Marketing Health Services 22.1 (2002): 40-42.  ABI/Inform.

        Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

Keat, Russell, and John Urry.   Social Theory as Science.   2nd ed.  London: Routledge

        and K. Paul, 1982.  Print.

Knight, Stephen.  "Robin Hood: Men in Tights: Fitting the Tradition Snugly."

        Robin Hood: An Anthology of Scholarship and Criticism.   Ed. Stephen

        Knight.  Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1999.  461-467.  Print.

O'Connell, Karen.  "Re: Poisoning."  VICTORIA.  Indiana U.  3 Nov. 2000.  Web.

        14 Aug. 2009.

Safire, William.   Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History. New York: W. W.

         Norton and Company, 1992. Print.

UNICEF.   Generation in Jeopardy: Children in Central and Eastern Europe and the

         Former Soviet Union. Ed. Alexander Zouev. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1999.

         Print.

PREPARING THE LIST OF WORKS CITED

As demonstrated above, a works cited page consists of an alphabetical listing of the books, articles and other sources that you parenthetically noted in your paper. The works cited page occurs at the end of your paper; however, it is useful to create a draft of it before you begin writing. Following are typical examples of the types of references you will use in your research.

Include some or all of the following elements in your book citation:

  • Author or editor
  • Title (italicized)
  • Translator or compiler
  • Volume(s) used
  • Name of series
  • Place of publication, publisher, and date of publication
  • Page numbers
  • Name of vendor, database, or provider (italicized)
  • Medium of publication consulted (e.g., Print)
  • Date of access (Web only; day, month, year)
  • Supplementary information and annotation

1. ONE AUTHOR OR EDITOR

Cather, Willa.   The Professor's House.   New York: A. A. Knopf, 1925.  Print.

UNICEF.   Generation in Jeopardy: Children in Central and Eastern Europe

         and the Former Soviet Union.   Ed. Alexander Zouev.  Armonk: M. E.

         Sharpe, 1999.  Print.

Hudson, Valerie N., ed.   Culture and Foreign Policy.   Boulder: L. Rienner

         Publishers, 1997.  Print.

2. TWO OR MORE AUTHORS OR EDITORS

    Names should be given in the order in which they appear on the title page.

Keat, Russell, and John Urry. Social Theory as Science. 2nd ed. London: Routledge

         and K. Paul, 1982. Print.

Kennedy, Mary, Kathy Lubelska, and Val Walsh, eds. Making Connections: Women's

         Studies, Women's Movements, Women's Lives. London: Taylor and Francis,

        1993. Print.

3. ELECTRONIC BOOK

    Include the vendor, database, or provider's name (italicized) and date of access (day, month, year) .

Turam, Berna. Between Islam and the State: The Politics of Engagement. Stanford,

         CA: Stanford UP, 2007. NetLibrary. Web. 14 Aug. 2009.

     If the book is accessed from a SCHOLARLY PROJECT , also include the project     name, place of publication, and the date of the electronic publication if available.

Child, Lydia Maria. An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans.

        Boston: Allen and Ticknor, 1833. Women Writers Online. Brown U. Web. 14

        Aug. 2009.

4. ANTHOLOGY

Knight, Stephen.  "Robin Hood: Men in Tights: Fitting the Tradition Snugly."          

        Robin Hood: An Anthology of Scholarship and Criticism.   Ed. Stephen

Barrick, Richard, John Sullivan, and Alexander White.  "The American Bloody Register."

       Pillars of Salt: An Anthology of Early American Criminal Narratives.   Comp. 

       Daniel E. Williams.  Madison: Madison House, 1993.  233-258.  Print.

5. INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, FOREWORD, OR AFTERWORD

Ritterson, Michael.  Introduction.   The Odin Field: A Story. By Wilhem Raabe.

      Trans. Michael Ritterson.  Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture.

      Rochester: Camden House, 2001.  xi-xxvii.  Print.

6. MULTIVOLUME WORK

Tomkins, Silvan S.   Affect, Imagery, Consciousness.   4 vols.  New York: Springer,

         1962-1992. Print.

Anthony, Robert N., and James S. Reece.   Accounting Principles.   7th ed.  Chicago:

        Irwin, 1995.  Print.

8. TRANSLATION

Erasmus, Desiderius.   The Praise of Folly.   Trans.  Clarence H. Miller.  New Haven:

        Yale, 1979. Print.

9. ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE BOOK

"Audubon, John James."   The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia.   15th

        ed.  2002.  Print.

"Audubon, John James."   Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.   Encyclopaedia

        Britannica, 2009.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

Ebeling, Richard, ed.   Global Free Trade: Rhetoric or Reality?  Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale

        College Press, 1993.  Print.  Champions of Freedom 20.

B. Articles in Periodicals

Include some or all of the following in your article citation:

  • Article title (usually in quotation marks)
  • Periodical title (italicized)
  • Series/Issue number or name
  • Volume number
  • Issue number (if available)
  • Publication date (year for scholarly journals; day, month, year for others, as available)
  • Medium of publication
  • Name of database (italicized and placed before medium of publication) (Web only)
  • Date of access (day, month, year) (Web only)

1. SCHOLARLY JOURNAL

Freedman, L.  "The Changing Forms of Military Conflict."   Survival 40.4 (1998): 39-56.

        Print.

Kirby, John T.  "Aristotle on Metaphor."   American Journal of Philology 118.4

        (1997): 517-554.  Print.

Online Journal -- Use n. pag. to indicate the absence of inclusive page numbers.

Ketabgian, Tamara.  Rev. of The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in

        Political Economy and the Victorian Novel, by Catherine Gallagher.  Bryn Mawr

        Review of Comparative Literature 6.2 (2007): n. pag.  Web.  19 Aug. 2009.

Chan, Winnie.  "Curry on the Divide in Rudyard Kipling's Kim and Gurinder Chadha's

        Bend it Like Beckham."  ARIEL: A Review of International English

        Literature 36.3-4 (2005): 1-23. Web.  14. Aug. 2009.

      Full text of an article from a Database -- Include the name of the      database, the name of the database provider and the date of access.      Use n. pag. to indicate the absence of inclusive page numbers.   

Freedman, Lawrence. "The Changing Forms of Military Conflict." Survival 40.4 (1998):

        39-56. ProQuest Research Library.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

  Kirby, John T.  "Aristotle on Metaphor."   American Journal of Philology 118.4 (1997):

       517-554.  JSTOR.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

2. MAGAZINE

     Monthly or Bimonthly

Goldberger, Paul. "Machines for Living: Architectonic Allure of the Automobile."

        Architectural Digest Oct. 1996: 82.

     Weekly

Levy, Steven, and Brad Stone.  "Silicon Valley Reboots."   Newsweek 25 Mar.

        2002: 42-50.  Print.

        2002: 42-50.  Academic Search Premier.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

3. ANONYMOUS ARTICLE

"Information to Die For."   Marketing Health Services 22.1 (2002): 40-42.  Print.

"Information to Die For."   Marketing Health Services 22.1 (2002): 40-42.   ABI/Inform.        14 Aug. 2009.

4. NEWSPAPER

Pianin, Eric.  "Use of Arsenic in Wood Products to End."   The Washington Post 13

       Feb. 2002, final ed.: A2.  Print.

Pianin, Eric.  "Use of Arsenic in Wood Products to End."   The Washington Post 13 Feb.

       2002, final ed.: A2.  LexisNexis Academic.   Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

Nash, Alanna.  "Hit 'em with a lizard!"  Rev. of   Basket Case, by Carl Hiaasen.  New

        York Times 3 Feb. 2002, late ed., sec. 7: 24.  Print.

        York Times 3 Feb.  2002, late ed., sec. 7: 24.  LexisNexis Academic.  Web.  14

C. Web Sites

Following are elements to include when citing entire Web sites. Keep in mind that

if you cannot find all of the elements, you should include whatever is available on the site . The URL is no longer required unless locating the site requires it or your professor requires it.

  • Title of Web site (italicized)
  • Site publisher/sponsor
  • Date of site's publication (if none, use n.d. )
  • Date of access (day, month, year)

1. SCHOLARLY PROJECT

Crane, Gregory, ed.  Perseus Digital Library.  Dept. of the Classics, Tufts U.

      n.d.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

2. PROFESSIONAL SITE

Financial Accounting Standards Board .  Feb. 2002.  Web.  14 Aug. 2009.

3. PERSONAL SITE

Lewis, Paul.  The Wilkie Collins Pages.   n.d.  Web. 14 Aug. 2009. 

       <http://www.paullewis.co.uk/>.

See also Electronic Book and Periodicals above.

D. Online Postings

To cite a posting from a discussion list, include the following elements if available:

  • Author of posting
  • Title of posting (from subject line of posting, in quotes)
  • Name of discussion list
  • Date of posting
  • 5. Medium of publication
  • Date of access

O'Connell, Karen.  "Re: Poisoning." VICTORIA. Indiana U.  3 Nov. 2000. Web.

A BRIEF NOTE ON FOOTNOTES AND ENDNOTES

Long explanatory footnotes or endnotes can distract the reader. Nevertheless, you may occasionally need to clarify a citation with a bibliographic note . Or you may wish to incorporate information that might interest your reader but which would seem tangential if included within the text of your paper. In this case, you would use a content note. Notes are indicated with consecutive superscript numbers within the text of your paper. The actual note is indented and can occur either as a footnote at the bottom of the page or as an endnote at the end of the paper.

1. BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTE

Nineteenth-century critics of cheap, mass-produced fiction feared that the gory subject matter of stories like Sweeney Todd would lead a generation of youth into depravity. 1

          1 For a selection of penny fiction as well as 19th-century criticism of it, see

Haining's The Penny Dreadful .

2. CONTENT NOTE

Charles Knight did not rely solely on the cheaply printed word in publications like the Penny Magazine to educate people; he also mass-produced images to diffuse knowledge visually. 2

2 Patricia Anderson's The Printed Image and the Transformation of Popular Culture, 1790-1860 provides examples of Penny Magazine images, such as depictions of flamingos, reproduced portraits of people like Benjamin Franklin, and engravings of famous artworks like "The Dying Gladiator" and "Laocoon" (50-83).

FOR MORE HELP

Following are links to sites that have additional information and further examples:

  • RefWorks : Once you have created an account, go to Tools/Preview Output Style to see examples of MLA style.
  • Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL) : Excellent source for research, writing and citation tips.
  • Citing Sources : Duke University's guide to citing sources. The site offers comparison citation tables with examples from APA , Chicago , MLA and Turabian for both print and electronic works.
  • Citing Electronic Primary Sources : From the Library of Congress. Provides MLA and Turabian examples of citing formats such as films, photographs, maps and recorded sound that are accessed electronically.

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"MLA style for documentation is widely used in the humanities, especially in writing on language and literature. MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of the work.  MLA style has been widely adopted by schools, academic departments, and instructors for over half a century. The association's guidelines are also used by over 1,100 scholarly and literary journals, newsletters, and magazines and by many university and commercial presses."

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MLA Quick Guide: 7th Edition: Home

  • Dissecting a Citation
  • Article in a Book
  • Journal/Magazine Article
  • Newspaper Article
  • Parenthetical Documentation

Citation Managers

  • Citation Management Tools Free tools to assist you in the creation and management of citations in MLA style, APA style, and other formats.

MLA Edition

Examples in this quick guide follow the rules in:

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers . 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2009. Print. READY REFERENCE LB2369 .G53 2009

Please note: other editions of the MLA Handbook may format some citations differently.  Confirm your instructor's expectations before completing your research paper.

Works cited in a paper are provided brief Parenthetical References at the point in the paper where the reference is made and complete citations in the Works Cited section of the paper.  Each source mentioned in the text must be cited in the Works Cited list and each source in the  Works Cited list must be referred to in the text. 

Parenthetical Reference

A brief citation within the text of the paper.

Example: ( Gilcrist 409)

Works Cited List Entry

A complete citation of the source in an alphabetized list at the end of the document.

Gilcrist, Akiesha R. "Undocumented Immigrants: Lack Of Equal Protection And Its Impact On Public Health." Journal Of Legal Medicine 34.4 (2013): 403-412. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the creators of the following LibGuides, which served as useful resources in the development of this guide.

  • Amy Fyn, Bowling Green State University Libraries
  • Jessica Long, Miami University Libraries MLA Citation Style Guide
  • Lorain County Community College

Subject Guide

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MLA Citation (7th edition)

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Here you'll find information about citing books, periodicals, newspapers, and electronic material in your MLA reference page, as well information about in text citation formats. The topics covered in this guide refer to the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers . Check with your professor to see whether they are requiring the 7th edition or the newer 8th edition .

To navigate this MLA guide, click on the tab above that corresponds to the material you are interested in citing in MLA format. 

The Works Cited page of a paper in MLA style require hanging indents, where the first line of each citation is not indented and every line after is. The examples in this guide will not show the hanging indents because the software used to create it cannot support them. Remember to include them in your paper.  

Use the links below to learn how to create a hanging indent in Microsoft Word and Google Docs.

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MLA Style, 7th Edition

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mla handbook for writers research papers 7th edition

MLA Style Guide, 7th Edition

Welcome to the mla style guide, 7th edition.

Always refer to the MLA Handbook for authorized examples to your questions.

Always ask your instructor for specific directions pertaining to your assignment.

MLA Style Handbook, 7th Edition

mla handbook for writers research papers 7th edition

What is MLA Style?

The MLA Handbook, 7th edition, is being superseded by the 8th edition, which was published in April 2016.  During this transition it is very important that you know which edition of the MLA Handbook your instructor is using for your class assignments.   If your instructor is NOT using the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook , go to the subject guide for the 8th edition .    For more information visit MLA Style Center .

Some of the citation examples in this guide are from the manual and others are examples from the Fitchburg State Librarians.

MLA is the standard citation style guide for the humanities, especially languages and literature, is the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers , 7th edition, 2009. The American Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes the manual. It is commonly referred to it as the "MLA Manual".

MLA is most often used in the Humanities disciplines including, but not limited to:

  • English Language & Literature
  • Comparative Literature
  • Cultural Studies
  • Foreign Languages
  • Other areas in the humanities

What does MLA Style include?

  • the format & page layout of your paper
  • stylistic technicalities (e.g. abbreviations, footnotes, quotations)
  • how you cite other authors within the body of your paper
  • how you compile a references page at the end of your paper
  • Titles of books and journals are italicized instead of underlined.  
  • If a date is not available for an electronic format, write n.d. for no date; if a publisher is not named on a Web site, write n.p. for no publisher; if a page number is not given for online journal or database articles, write n.pag. for no pagination.
  • Each citation must declare the format, such as Print, Web, DVD, Videocassette, Television, etc.
  • URLs are not required.   However, you are welcome to provide the URL if the citation information may not help the reader easily find the source on their own. Your instructor may also require you to provide URLs.  
  • MLA Citations: An Overview Why we cite, what we cite, how we use citations as a researcher & sample citations.

MLA Resources

Bookmark these sites!

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): MLA Style

Purdue University's OWL gives clear brief examples for almost every MLA style question. This site has moved to the 8th edition style, however, this link reviews the differences between the 7th and 8th editions.

Frequently Asked Questions about MLA Style

A good place to find quick answers to questions such as: How do I format an entry for a book review in my Works Cited Page? How do I cite a webpage that has no author?

EasyBib MLA Format Guide, 7th Edition

The MLA Style Center

When you can't find the answer any place else, check the The MLA Style Center. This blog is written by a group of experts, and they publish weekly posts on writing and publishing using MLA style. You can search the site, explore posts by category, and view the most recent posts and comments. 

Citation Generators

Many different tools exist to assist you in the process of creating a citation entry. There are advantages and challenges to working with these tools. 

Common mistakes include:

  • Selecting the wrong type of information source
  • Inputting information incorrectly or leaving information out
  • Misplaced or incorrect punctuation
  • Improper capitalization

The biggest mistake is in completely trusting a citation generator to make no errors. Make sure you closely review all citations created in this way. You'll also still want to refer to your citation style guide to learn how to format your works cited/reference page.

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A  Choice  Outstanding Academic Title
“I’ve been using the  MLA Handbook  since my student years. The new ninth edition is an essential reference work for scholars.” —Viet Thanh Nguyen, MLA member, Pulitzer Prize–winning author, and professor at University of Southern California
  • Description

View our convenient chart comparing the eighth and ninth editions of the  MLA Handbook .

Relied on by generations of writers, the MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association and is the only official, authorized book on MLA style. The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA’s unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements—facts, common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date—that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, social media posts, dissertations, and more. With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. 

The many new and updated chapters make this edition the comprehensive, go-to resource for writers of research papers, and anyone citing sources, from business writers, technical writers, and freelance writers and editors to student writers and the teachers and librarians working with them. Intended for a variety of classroom contexts—middle school, high school, and college courses in composition, communication, literature, language arts, film, media studies, digital humanities, and related fields—the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook offers 

  • New chapters on grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, numbers, italics, abbreviations, and principles of inclusive language
  • Guidelines on setting up research papers in MLA format with updated advice on headings, lists, and title pages for group projects
  • Revised, comprehensive, step-by-step instructions for creating a list of works cited  in MLA format that are easier to learn and use than ever before
  • A new appendix with hundreds of example works-cited-list entries by publication format, including Web sites, YouTube videos, interviews, and more
  • Detailed examples of how to find publication information for a variety of sources
  • Newly revised explanations of in-text citations, including comprehensive advice on how to cite multiple authors of a single work
  • Detailed guidance on footnotes and endnotes 
  • Instructions on quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and avoiding plagiarism 
  • A sample essay in MLA format
  • Annotated bibliography examples
  • Numbered sections throughout for quick navigation
  • Advanced tips for professional writers and scholars
  • Writing and Research Guides
  • Publishing and Editing

Preface (xvii)

Acknowledgments (xix)

Introduction (xxi)  

1. Formatting Your Research Project ( 1)

[1.1]  Margins (1)

[1.2]  Text Formatting (1)

[1.3]  Title (2)  

[1.4]  Running Head and Page Numbers (4)

[1.5]  Internal Headings and Subheadings (4)

[1.6]  Placement of the List of Works Cited (5)  

[1.7]  Tables and Illustrations (6)

[1.8]  Lists (9)

[1.9] Integrated into Your Prose (9) 

[1.10] Set Vertically (10)

[1.11] Lists introduced with a complete sentence (10)

[1.12] Lists that continue the sentence introducing them (12)

[1.13]  Paper and Printing (13)

[1.14]  Proofreading and Spellcheckers (13)

[1.15]  Binding a Printed Paper (13)  

[1.16]  Electronic Submission (14)

2. Mechanics of Prose (15)

[2.1] Spelling (15)

[2.2] Dictionaries (15)

[2.3] Plurals (15)

[2.4]  Punctuation (16)

[2.5] Commas (16)

[2.6] When a comma is necessary (17)

[2.7]  Before a coordinating conjunction joining independent clauses  (17)

[2.8]  Between coordinate adjectives  (17)

[2.9]  To set off parenthetical comments  (18)

[2.10]  After long introductory phrases and clauses  (18)

[2.11]  With contrasting phrases  (18)

[2.12]  In series  (19)

[2.13]  With dates and locations  (19)  

[2.14]  With nonrestrictive modifiers  (20) 

[2.15] When a comma is incorrect (22)  

[2.16]  Subject and verb  (22)

[2.17]  Verb and object  (22)

[2.18]  Parts of a compound subject  (22)  

[2.19]  Parts of a compound object  (23)  

[2.20]  Two verbs that share a subject  (23)  

[2.21]  Two subordinate elements that are parallel  (23)

[2.22] When a comma is optional (23)

[2.23]  With short introductory phrases and clauses  (23)  

[2.24]  Around specific words  (24)

[2.25]  Before some coordinating conjunctions  (24)

[2.26] Semicolons (24)  

[2.27] Colons (25)

[2.28] Dashes and Parentheses (26) 

[2.29] To enclose an interruption (27) 

[2.30] To prevent misreading (27)

[2.31] To introduce an elaboration or an example (27)

[2.32] To introduce a list (27)

[2.33] Hyphens (28)

[2.34] When to hyphenate compound adjectives before a noun (28)

[2.35] Adverbs  (28)

[2.36]  Number-noun combinations  (28)

[2.37]  Prepositional phrases  (29)

[2.38]  Clarity  (29)

[2.39] When not to hyphenate compound adjectives before a noun (29)

[2.40]  Adverbs  (29)

[2.41]  Comparatives and superlatives  (30)

[2.42]  Familiar compound terms  (30)  

[2.43]  Foreign language terms  (30)  

[2.44]  Proper nouns  (31) 

[2.45] Hyphens before suppressed words (31) 

[2.46] Hyphens with prefixes (31)

[2.47] Hyphens in fractions (32)

[2.48] Hyphens versus en dashes (32)  

[2.49] Apostrophes (33)

[2.50] Singular and plural nouns (33)

[2.51] Proper nouns (33)

[2.52] Nouns expressing shared possession (34)

[2.53] Letters (34)

[2.54] Plural abbreviations and numbers (34)

[2.55] Quotation Marks (34)

[2.56] To flag provisional meaning (35) 

[2.57] To mark translations of words or phrases (35)

[2.58] Slashes (35)

[2.59] Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points (36)

[2.60] Italics in Prose (36)

[2.61] Words and Phrases Referred to as Words (36)

[2.62] Letters Referred to as Letters (37)

[2.63] Foreign Words in an English-Language Text (37)

[2.64] Capitalization of Terms (37)

[2.65] English (37)

[2.66] French (38)

[2.67] German (39)

[2.68] Italian (39)

[2.69] Spanish (40)

[2.70] Latin (40)

[2.71] Names of Persons in Your Prose (41)

[2.72] First Uses of Personal Names (41)

[2.73] Surnames Used Alone (43)

[2.74] English (43)

[2.75] French (44)

[2.76] German (45) 

[2.77] Italian (45)

[2.78] Spanish (46)

[2.79] Latin (47)

[2.80] Asian languages (47)

[2.81] Premodern names (48)

[2.82] Transliterated Names (48)

[2.83] Titles with Personal Names (49)

[2.84] Suffixes with Personal Names (50)

[2.85] Given Names and Personal Initials (50)

[2.86] Names of Fictional Characters (51)

[2.87] Names of Organizations and Groups (51)

[2.88] Names of Literary Periods and Cultural Movements (52)

[2.89] Titles of Works in Your Prose (53)

[2.90] Capitalizing Titles in English (54)

[2.91] Capitalizing Titles in Languages Other Than English (56)

[2.92] French (56)

[2.93] German (57)

[2.94] Italian (57)

[2.95] Spanish (57)

[2.96] Latin (58)

[2.97] Other languages in the Latin alphabet (58)

[2.98] Languages in non-Latin alphabets (58)

[2.99] Punctuation of Titles (59)

[2.100] Serial comma (59)

[2.101] Subtitles (61)

[2.102] Alternative titles (62)

[2.103] Dates appended to titles (64)

[2.104] Multivolume works (64)

[2.105] Punctuation around Titles (65)

[2.106] Styling Titles (66)

[2.107] Italicized titles (66)

[2.108] Italicized titles of works contained in a larger work (69) 

[2.109] Titles in quotation marks (70)

[2.110] Titles with no formatting (71)

[2.111] Titles within Titles (73)

[2.112] Surrounding title in quotation marks (73)

[2.113] Surrounding title in italics (75)

[2.114] Surrounding title with no formatting (76)  

[2.115] Quotations within Titles (77)

[2.116] Foreign Language Terms and Titles within Titles (77)

[2.117] Styling (77)

[2.118] Capitalization (78) 

[2.119] Titles within titles (79)

[2.120] Shortened Titles in Your Prose (79)

[2.121] Subtitles (79)

[2.122] Conventional forms of titles (80)

[2.123] Very long titles (80)

[2.124] Punctuating shortened titles (80)

[2.125] Translating Titles in Languages Other Than English (81)

[2.126] Numbers (82)

[2.127] Use of Numerals or Words (82)

[2.128] Number-heavy contexts (82) 

[2.129] Street addresses (83)

[2.130] Decimal fractions (83)

[2.131] Percentages and amounts of money (83)

[2.132] Items in numbered series (84)

[2.133] Large numbers (84) 

[2.134] Plural forms (84)

[2.135] At the start of a sentence (84)

[2.136] In titles (85)

[2.137] Commas in Numbers (86)

[2.138] Dates and Times (86)

[2.139] Number Ranges (87)

3. Principles of Inclusive Language (89)

4. Documenting Sources: An Overview (95)

[4.1] Why Plagiarism Is a Serious Matter (96)

[4.2] Avoiding Plagiarism (97)

[4.3] Careful Research (97)

[4.4] Giving Credit (98)

[4.5] Paraphrasing (98)

[4.6]  When to paraphrase  (98)

[4.7]  How to paraphrase  (99)

[4.8]  How to paraphrase and give credit  (99)

[4.9] Quoting (100)

[4.10]  When to quote  (100)  

[4.11]  How to quote and give credit  (100)

[4.12] When Documentation Is Not Needed (101)

[4.13] Common Knowledge (101)

[4.14] Passing Mentions (102)

[4.15] Allusions (102)

[4.16] Epigraphs (102)

5. The List of Works Cited (105)

[5.1] Creating and Formatting Entries: An Overview (105)

[5.2] The MLA Core Elements (107)

[5.3] Author: What It Is (107)

[5.4] Author: Where to Find It (108)  

[5.5] Author: How to Style It (111) 

[5.6] One author (111)

[5.7] Two authors (111)

[5.8] Three or more authors (112)

[5.9] Names not reversed (113)

[5.10]  Languages that order surname first  (113)  

[5.11]  Lack of surname  (114)

[5.12] Variant forms of a personal name (115)

[5.13]  Different spellings  (115)

[5.14]  Pseudonyms and name changes  (115)

[5.15] When not to supply information, cross-reference, or use the published form of a name (117)

[5.16]  Online handles  (118)

[5.17] Organizations, groups, and government authors (119)

[5.18]  Listing by name  (119)

[5.19]  Avoiding redundancy  (119)

[5.20]  Government authors  (120) 

[5.21] Standardizing and supplying information (120)

[5.22] Consolidating entries (120)

[5.23] Title of Source: What It Is (121)

[5.24] Title of Source: Where to Find It (125)

[5.25] Title of Source: How to Style It (130)

[5.26] Shortened titles (130)

[5.27] Sections of a work labeled generically (130) 

[5.28] Description in place of a title (132)

[5.29] Quoted text in place of a title (132)

[5.30] Translations of titles (133)

[5.31] Title of Container: What It Is (134)

[5.32] Works that are self-contained (135)

[5.33] Works with more than one container (135)

[5.34] Determining when a website is a container (136)

[5.35] Apps and databases (138)

[5.36] Title of Container: Where to Find It (140)

[5.37] Title of Container: How to Style It (145)  

[5.38] Contributor: What It Is (145)

[5.39] Key contributors (146)

[5.40] Key contributors in the Author element (147)

[5.41] Other types of contributors (148)

[5.42] Contributor: Where to Find It (149) 

[5.43] Contributor: How to Style It (151)

[5.44] Labels describing the contributor’s role (151)

[5.45] Capitalization of labels (153)

[5.46] Multiple contributors in the same role (153)

[5.47] Repeated personal names in an entry (153)  

[5.48] Version: What It Is (154)

[5.49] Version: Where to Find It (155)

[5.50] Version: How to Style It (157)

[5.51] Number: What It Is (158)

[5.52] Number: Where to Find It (159)

[5.53] Number: How to Style It (164)

[5.54] Publisher: What It Is (164)

[5.55] Publisher: Where to Find It (166)

[5.56] Books (166)

[5.57] Websites (167)

[5.58] Audio and visual media (168)

[5.59] Publisher: How to Style It (169)

[5.60] Capitalization (169)

[5.61] Copublishers (170)

[5.62] Divisions of nongovernment organizations as publishers (170)

[5.63] Government agencies as publishers (171)

[5.64] Terms omitted from publishers’ names (172)

[5.65] Common abbreviations in publishers’ names (172)

[5.66] Ampersands and plus signs in publishers’ names (172)

[5.67] City of publication (172)

[5.68] Publication Date: What It Is (173)

[5.69] Publication Date: Where to Find It (174)

[5.70] Books (174)

[5.71] E-books (176)

[5.72] News articles (177) 

[5.73] Journal articles (178)

[5.74] Music (180)

[5.75] Government documents (182)

[5.76] Television episodes (184)

[5.77] Publication Date: How to Style It (185) 

[5.78] Year (185)

[5.79] Season (185)

[5.80] Time (185)

[5.81] Date range (186)

[5.82] Approximate date given in source (186)

[5.83] Uncertain date given in source (186)

[5.84] Location: What It Is (187)

[5.85] Location: Where to Find It (189)

[5.86] Page numbers (189)

[5.87] Online works (189)

[5.88] Location: How to Style It (189)

[5.89] Inclusive pages (189)

[5.90] Descriptive label before page numbers (193)

[5.91] Numerals for page numbers (193)

[5.92] Plus sign with page number (193)

[5.93] DOIs (194)

[5.94] Permalinks (195)

[5.95] URLs (195)

[5.96]  Truncating  (195)

[5.97]  Breaking  (196)

[5.98]  Including terminal slash  (196)

[5.99] Physical locations and events (197)

[5.100] The Three Most Common Types of Entries (197)

[5.101] Works in One Container (198)

[5.102] Works in Two Containers (200)

[5.103] Works That Are Self-Contained (204)

[5.104] One Work Cited Different Ways (207)

[5.105] Supplemental Elements (208)

[5.106] Placement after Title of Source (208)

[5.107] Contributor (208)

[5.108] Original publication date (209)

[5.109] Section of a work labeled generically (210)

[5.110] Placement at End of Entry (210)

[5.111] Date of access (211)

[5.112] Medium of publication (211) 

[5.113] Dissertations and theses (214)

[5.114] Publication history (214)

[5.115] Book series (214)

[5.116] Columns, sections, and other recurring titled features (215)

[5.117] Multivolume works (215)

[5.118] Government documents (216)

[5.119] Placement between Containers (217) 

[5.120] Punctuation of Entries (217)  

[5.121] More Than One Item in an Element (217)

[5.122] Supplied Publication Information (218)

[5.123] Ordering the List of Works Cited (219)

[5.124] Alphabetizing: An Overview (219)

[5.125] Alphabetizing by Author (221) 

[5.126] Multiple works by one author (221)

[5.127] Multiple works by two authors (222)

[5.128] Multiple works by more than two authors (222)

[5.129] Multiple works by a single author and coauthors (223)

[5.130] Alphabetizing by Title (224)

[5.131] Cross-References (225)

[5.132] Annotated Bibliographies (226)

6. Citing Sources in the Text (227)

[6.1] In-Text Citations (227)

[6.2] Overview (227)

[6.3] What to Include and How to Style It (230)

[6.4] Citing a work listed by author (230)

[6.5]  Coauthors  (232)

[6.6]  Corporate authors  (233)

[6.7]  Two authors with the same surname  (234)

[6.8]  Two or more works by the same author or authors  (235)

[6.9] Citing a work listed by title (237)

[6.10] Shortening titles of works (237)

[6.11]  Titles in quotation marks that start with a title in  quotation marks  (238)

[6.12]  Titles in quotation marks that start with a quotation  (239)

[6.13]  Using abbreviations for titles of works  (240) 

[6.14]  Shortening descriptions used in place of titles  (240)

[6.15] When author and title are not enough (241)

[6.16] Page numbers and other divisions of works (242)

[6.17]  One-page works  (242)

[6.18]  Quotations spanning two or more pages of a work  (242)

[6.19]  Quotations from a nonconsecutively paginated work  (243)

[6.20]  Numbered paragraphs, sections, and lines  (244)

[6.21]  Commonly cited works  (244)

[6.22] Verse works (245)

[6.23] Prose works (246)

[6.24] Ancient and medieval works (247)

[6.25] Scripture (247)

[6.26]  Works without numbered pages or divisions  (248)

[6.27]  Volume numbers for multivolume nonperiodical works  (249)

[6.28]  Time stamps  (250)

[6.29]  Numbered notes in your source  (250)

[6.30] Punctuation in the parenthetical citation (250)

[6.31] Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources (252)

[6.32] Integrating Quotations into Prose (253)

[6.33] Prose works (253)

[6.34]  Short quotations  (253)

[6.35]  Long quotations (block quotations)  (254)

[6.36] Poetry (255)

[6.37]  Short quotations  (255)

[6.38]  Long quotations (block quotations)  (256)

[6.39] Dialogue (258)

[6.40]  Drama  (258)

[6.41]  Prose  (259)

[6.42]  Poetry  (260)

[6.43] Placement of Parenthetical Citations (260)

[6.44] Consolidating citations (261)

[6.45]  References to a single source  (262)

[6.46]  References to multiple works citing the same idea  (262)

[6.47] Omitting Citations for Repeated Quotations and Terms (263)

[6.48] Punctuation with Quotations (264)

[6.49] Introducing quotations (264)

[6.50] Quotations within quotations (265)

[6.51] Marking the end of a quotation (266)

[6.52]  Periods and commas  (266)

[6.53]  Other punctuation marks  (267)

[6.54] Capitalization with Quotations (268)

[6.55] When to capitalize (268)

[6.56] When to lowercase (270)

[6.57] When to follow the case of your source (271)

[6.58] Using an Ellipsis to Mark Material Omitted from Quotations (272)  

[6.59] Omission within a sentence (272)

[6.60] Omission in a quotation of one or more sentences (273)

[6.61] Omission in a quotation of poetry (274)

[6.62] An ellipsis in the source (275)

[6.63] Other Permissible Alterations of Quotations (276)

[6.64] Emphasis (276)

[6.65] Errors in the source (276)

[6.66] Clarification (277)

[6.67] Syntax (278)

[6.68] What Not to Reproduce from Your Source (279)

[6.69] Languages Other Than Modern English (280)

[6.70] Accents (280)

[6.71] Umlauts (280)

[6.72] Ligatures (280)

[6.73] Letters in older languages (281)

[6.74] Orthography (spelling) (281)

[6.75] Translations of quotations (bilingual quotations) (281)

[6.76] Quotations from languages in non-Latin alphabets (283)

[6.77] Indirect Sources (284)

[6.78] Citations in Forms Other Than Print (285)

[6.79] Slides (285)

[6.80] Videos (285)

[6.81] Web Projects (286)

[6.82] Oral Presentations (286)

7. Notes (287)  

[7.1] Bibliographic Notes (287)

[7.2] Content Notes (288)

[7.3] Styling of Notes (290)

[7.4] Placement of Notes in the Text (291)

Appendix 1: Abbreviations ( 293)

Punctuation (293)

Common Academic Abbreviations (294)

Months (295)

Titles of Works (295)

Appendix 2: Works-Cited-List Entries by Publication Format (303)

Appendix Contents (303)

Work-Cited-List Entries (313)

Index (347)

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MLA Style Guide, 7th Edition: Authors

  • About In-text Citations
  • In-text Examples
  • How to Paraphrase and Quote
  • What to Include
  • Editors, Translators, etc.
  • Publication Date
  • Volume/Issue
  • Place of Publication
  • Date of Access (when needed)
  • Book with Personal Author(s)
  • Book with Editor(s)
  • Book with Organization as Author
  • Work with No Author
  • Parts of Books or Anthologies
  • Multi-Volume Works
  • Journal Article
  • Newspaper Article
  • Magazine Article
  • Government Publication
  • Web Publications
  • Other Common Sources
  • Formatting Your Paper
  • Formatting Your 'Works Cited' List
  • Annotated Bibliography

General Rules for Authors (Works Cited)

Personal Authors

List author names as they appear in the document or text. Reverse only the name of the first author followed by a comma. Give the other names in normal form (as they appear). Use the word "and", not an ampersand "&",  before the last author's name. End with a period.

 1 author : Reverse the first and last name.

Jones, Bryan R .

Morgan, Joseph R., ed.

de Wollen, Stacy

2 or 3 authors :   Reverse only the first author's name. Use the word "and" before the last author's name.

Smith, Jerome R., and Ellen Siegfried.

Miller, J. R., Edward A. Brown, and Joseph C. Williams.

4 or more authors :  You have two choices for 4 or more authors.

Give only the first author's name followed by et al. 

Carrey, Jane M., et al.

List all names in order as they appear on the title page (reversing the first entry).

Carrey, Jane M., Patricia Riley, Kenneth K. James, Katherine Edgerton, Rodney Smith, Thomas A. Rowland, and James D. Henry.

Organizational Authors

Organizations, corporations, or groups as author : Omit any initial articles in the name.

Central Intelligence Agency.

Modern Language Association.

Government documents: List the name of the government (nation or state) first followed by the department name and then the title of the publication (italicized). Use common abbreviations (7.4). See section 5.5.20 for two or more works by the same government or government agency.

United States. Dept. of Labor. Taking the Mystery Out of Retirement Planning . . .

Florida. Dept. of Health.

  • << Previous: What to Include
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mla handbook for writers research papers 7th edition

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About the MLA Style

About mla style.

The Modern Language Association (MLA) was founded in 1883, and their mission is to promote "the study, teaching, and understanding of languages, literatures, and culture." They champion their values of Equity, Inclusion, and Advocacy in the service of the humanities.

The MLA Style is the primary style used across the humanities, especially English and literature studies, though other academic disciplines often use it as well.

In addition to this guide...

The MLA provides a robust online resource known as the  MLA Style Center , which includes free resources on research, writing, and documentation within the MLA style. There is also the opportunity to subscribe to an online version of the MLA Handbook, but there's no need to spend money if you don't want to. The library also has several copies of the current edition of the MLA Handbook available for referencing for free.

Some other useful online guides include  the Purdue Owl Writing Lab ,  Scribbr  and  EasyBib by Chegg . All of these online guides include help with citation formatting, sample papers, and even some video tutorials.

Let us know if we can improve this guide!

We are always looking to improve the resources we provide to our students and faculty, so please let us know if you see something that should be added, updated, corrected, or otherwise modified. Contact our Reference Librarian to let us know what changes would be helpful to see.

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mla handbook for writers research papers 7th edition

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MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fifth Edition

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MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fifth Edition 5th Edition

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  • ISBN-10 0873529758
  • ISBN-13 978-0873529754
  • Edition 5th
  • Publisher Modern Language Assn of Amer
  • Publication date June 1, 1999
  • Language English
  • Dimensions 6.25 x 0.75 x 9.25 inches
  • Print length 332 pages
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  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Modern Language Assn of Amer; 5th edition (June 1, 1999)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 332 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0873529758
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0873529754
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.01 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.25 x 0.75 x 9.25 inches
  • #297 in Research Reference Books
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mla handbook for writers research papers 7th edition

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CST 110 Geiger: Citations

  • Research Tips

Need More Help?

For additional assistance with any of these Citation Styles, consult a reference librarian at our Reference Desk.

Research Papers

"The purpose of a research paper is to synthesize previous research and scholarship with your ideas on the subject. Therefore, you should feel free to use other persons' words, facts, and thoughts in your research paper, but the material you borrow must not be presented as if it were your own creation."

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers . 7th Edition. New York: MLA. 55. Print.

There are quite a few different ways to cite resources in your paper. The citation style usually depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

  • MLA style is typically used by the Humanities
  • APA style is often used by Education, Psychology, and Business.
  • Chicago/Turabian is generally used by History and some of the Fine Arts

Check with your professor to make sure you use the required style. And whatever style you choose, BE CONSISTENT!

Bibliography vs Reference List

A reference list (or works cited page) requires that all references cited in the text of a paper must be listed alphabetically by first author's last name in the list of references and that all references listed must be cited within the text.

A bibliography, however, typically includes resources in addition to those cited in the text and may include annotated descriptions of the items listed.

Capitalization in Foreign Language Titles

When adding a title that is in a foreign languge, follow these basic rules regardless of citation style:

For German, capitalize the first word and all nouns.

For French, capitalize THROUGH the first noun in the title.

For Italian and other languages, capitalize just the first word.

( NOTE: Always capitalize all proper nouns.)

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  • Last Updated: Mar 21, 2024 11:26 AM
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  1. MLA Guide (7th edition)

    MLA Guide (7th edition) The examples provided in this guide are meant to introduce you to the basics of citing sources using the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (seventh edition). For types of resources not included in this guide (e.g., government documents, manuscript collections, video recordings) and for further information about ...

  2. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th Edition

    Students found the MLA Handbook a very useful tool when forced to write without internet access, and a wonderful grammatical `reminder' as well. ' For advanced students, I would prefer to use the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th Edition and selected books/works than textbooks!

  3. PDF M L A CITATION STYLE

    MLA HANDBOOK, 7th edition (your professor may prefer different formatting -please follow his/her guidelines) 1 . Overview of changes in the . MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7. th. edition, effective April 2009: • MLA no longer requires underlining. Titles, such as book and periodical titles, are now italicized rather than ...

  4. Research Guides: MLA Citation Style Guide: 7th Edition: Basics

    ISBN: 9781603290241. Publication Date: 2009-01-01. The MLA Handbook gives step-by-step advice on every aspect of writing research papers, from selecting a topic to submitting the completed paper. It provides an authoritative update of MLA documentation style for use in student writing, including simplified guidelines for citing works published ...

  5. MLA Handbook

    History. MLA Handbook grew out of the initial MLA Style Sheet of 1951 (revised in 1970), a 28-page "more or less official" standard. The first five editions, published between 1977 and 1999 were titled MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.The 2003 sixth edition changed the title to MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.

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  7. Legacy Library: MLA Quick Guide: 7th Edition: Home

    MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2009. Print. READY REFERENCE LB2369 .G53 2009. Please note: other editions of the MLA Handbook may format some citations differently. Confirm your instructor's expectations before completing your research paper.

  8. Research Guides: MLA Citation (7th edition): MLA Home

    MLA Style Manuals. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th edition by Joseph Gibaldi; Modern Language Association of America Staff. Call Number: LB2369 .G53 2009. Publication Date: 2009. The library has two copies available for checkout and a in-library copy in the Reference section. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing by ...

  9. MLA Style Guide, 7th Edition: About MLA

    The standard citation style guide for the humanities, especially languages and literature, is the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition, 2010. The American Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes the manual. It is commonly referred to it as the "MLA Manual". The English departments at IRSC recommend MLA format for papers ...

  10. Research Help: MLA Style, 7th Edition: About MLA 7th Edition

    MLA is the standard citation style guide for the humanities, especially languages and literature, is the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition, 2009. The American Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes the manual. It is commonly referred to it as the "MLA Manual". MLA is most often used in the Humanities disciplines ...

  11. PDF Prepared from the 7th edition of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research

    MLA Style Manual 7th ed. Click on this link to go to the MLA page at the Online Writing Lab at Purdue University Explore the following: • MLA In -Text Citations: The Basics • MLA Works Cited: Periodicals • Works Cited: Electronic Resources • MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources • MLA Additional Resources •MLA Abbreviations • MLA Sample Work cited Page

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    MLA Handbook for writers of research papers (7th edition) What is MLA? MLA is a reference tool used in subject areas for the Humanities. It provides extensive guidelines on how to formulate a topic, format a research paper, cite parenthetical texts and compile a list of works cited in English as well as other foreign languages.

  14. MLA Citation Style 7th Edition: Home

    MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Call Number: LB2369.G53 2009 Reference. ISBN: 9781603290241. Examples in this guide are based on the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook. Check with your professors to see which version of MLA style you should use as a new edition was recently published.

  15. LibGuides: MLA Style Guide, 7th Edition: Formatting Your Paper

    An MLA research paper does not need a title page, but your instructor may require one. If no instructions are given, follow the MLA guidelines below: Type the following one inch from the top of the first page, flush with the left margin (double spacing throughout). Your Name. Your Instructor's Name. Course Number. Date. Center the title on the ...

  16. MLA Handbook Ninth Edition

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    MLA Handbook - 9th Edition by The Modern Language Association of America Relied on by generations of writers, the MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association and is the only official, authorized book on MLA style. The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA's unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements―facts, common to most sources, like author ...

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    Amazon.com: MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fifth Edition: 9780873529754: Joseph Gibaldi: Books ... APA/MLA Guidelines - 7th/9th Editions Style Reference for Writing: a QuickStudy Laminated Guide (Quick Study Academic) Kaitlyn McNamee MA. 4.4 out of 5 stars ...

  21. Citations

    Therefore, you should feel free to use other persons' words, facts, and thoughts in your research paper, but the material you borrow must not be presented as if it were your own creation." MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th Edition. New York: MLA. 55. Print.

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